Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among...Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among 36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices.Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal(control)and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers.Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters(length,fresh weight,dry weight,and ratio),relative water content(RWC),stability of cell membrane,pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence.Two-way analysis of variance showed significant(p<0.01,p<0.001)variation among 15 morpho-physiological features in both growing conditions.Correlation studies showed that pigment-specific indices(total chl,chl a,chl b,carotenoid,Fv/Fm—chlorophyll fluorescence)had significant positive correlations with rootshoot fresh weight(RFW,SFW)and root-shoot dry weight(RDW,SDW),and negative association with relative water content,stability of cell membrane at both conditions.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three primary clusters where cluster III(18 genotypes)showed minimal changes in studied characters than cluster I(11 genotypes)and cluster II(13 genotypes).Results obtained from this study revealed that the identified heat-sensitive(30-2 SSH)and heat-tolerant genotypes(27-2(4),29-2(2),and 30-2 SSH)of wheat might provide useful breeding materials for enhancing wheat yield even more in this period of uncertain climate change.展开更多
Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).However,it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of...Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).However,it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters.To address this issue,we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations,δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-H_(2)O,relative water column stability(RWCS),and related environmental factors in a subtropical eutrophic reservoir(Hongfeng Reservoir,HFR),Southwest China.We found that denitrification was the most important nitrogen transformation process in the HFR and that higher denitrification intensity was associated with increased RWCS in summer,which suggested hydrological control of the denitrification process.In contrast,low RWCS conditions favored the nitrification process in the HFR in winter.Additionally,dissolved oxygen(DO;p<0.05)and nitrate concentrations(p<0.01)had significant impacts on the denitrification rate.We also found that the spatiotemporal RWCS variations were a prerequisite for regulating DO/nitrate stratification and the coupling/decoupling of nitrification-denitrification at the local and global scales.This study would advances our knowledge of the impacts of RWCS and thermal stratification on nitrogen transformation processes in reservoirs.展开更多
In order to study the physiological and yield responses of sunflower inbred lines to full and limited irrigation, an experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2014–2015 in the research field of the Agricultur...In order to study the physiological and yield responses of sunflower inbred lines to full and limited irrigation, an experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2014–2015 in the research field of the Agricultural Research Station in Khoi, Iran. Water withholding was imposed in the flowering stages from R4 （initial flowering） to R6 （full flowering）. The results showed that the main effect of irrigation and inbred lines and the interaction effect between irrigation and inbred lines in terms of the proline and protein contents, the catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, and seed yield in all inbred lines, and relative water content（RWC） were significant at 1% level. Water withholding in the flowering stage increased the proline content and the catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, whereas limited irrigation decreased the protein content and seed yield in all inbred lines and RWC. The lowest protein content and the highest catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were observed in BGK 39 under limited irrigation condition, while BGK 37 revealed the highest proline content in such circumstances. The highest seed yield was seen in BGK 1 and BGK 375 in full irrigation condition. Limited irrigation increased the proline content by 49.51%, compared to that of full irrigation condition.展开更多
Changes of RWC, wilting degree and ABA in different ramie varieties under drought stress were studied. The results showed: (1) wilting degree and ABA increased but RWC decreased with the increase of drought sress,and ...Changes of RWC, wilting degree and ABA in different ramie varieties under drought stress were studied. The results showed: (1) wilting degree and ABA increased but RWC decreased with the increase of drought sress,and (2) drought resistant varieties had higher RWC and ABA but lower wilting degree than drought sensitive varieties.展开更多
The heavy metals present in the environment accumulate in the plants and affect their productivity and yield.By entering the food chain,metals cause several serious health problems in human beings as well as in other ...The heavy metals present in the environment accumulate in the plants and affect their productivity and yield.By entering the food chain,metals cause several serious health problems in human beings as well as in other organisms.Indole acetic acid(IAA)is known to act as a signaling molecule between symbiotic association of metal accumulating plants and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR).Present study demonstrated a protective role of IAA against surplus Zinc(Zn)-induced toxicity to Hordeum vulgare seedlings.Elevated Zn concentrations suppressed the plant growth,caused a reduction in leaf relative water contents(RWC)and elevated free proline and non-protein thiols(NPT)accumulation.Zinc treatment also led to enhanced lipid peroxidation(MDA contents)as well as the activity of ascorbate peroxidase(APX),showing the involvement of antioxidative defense mechanism to reduce Zn induced toxicity.IAA oxidase activity was also observed to increase due to Zn treatment.IAA pretreatment of H.vulgare caryopsis could partly revert the Zn-induced toxicity in seedlings.展开更多
This study’s dynamic survey of spectators at the HRS(Hanazono Rugby Stadium)in HOC(Higashi Osaka City)during the 2019 RWC(Rugby World Cup)tournament used location information big data to analyze nine items,including ...This study’s dynamic survey of spectators at the HRS(Hanazono Rugby Stadium)in HOC(Higashi Osaka City)during the 2019 RWC(Rugby World Cup)tournament used location information big data to analyze nine items,including spectator attributes-60 min or more stay in HOC(excluding residents),more than 15 min stay in the HRS on match days(besides,the days before and after the match).To compare spectators,visitors to HOC during the matches were added to the target group.The results show that the RWC attracted a high number of male visitors aged 20,40,and 50 years,mainly from the Kinki region,whose stopovers inside and outside the region were limited to Osaka City.Stopovers in tourist areas unrelated to the RWC were few,partly because it was possible to undertake a day trip solely to watch the game without any stopovers.展开更多
文摘Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among 36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices.Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal(control)and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers.Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters(length,fresh weight,dry weight,and ratio),relative water content(RWC),stability of cell membrane,pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence.Two-way analysis of variance showed significant(p<0.01,p<0.001)variation among 15 morpho-physiological features in both growing conditions.Correlation studies showed that pigment-specific indices(total chl,chl a,chl b,carotenoid,Fv/Fm—chlorophyll fluorescence)had significant positive correlations with rootshoot fresh weight(RFW,SFW)and root-shoot dry weight(RDW,SDW),and negative association with relative water content,stability of cell membrane at both conditions.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three primary clusters where cluster III(18 genotypes)showed minimal changes in studied characters than cluster I(11 genotypes)and cluster II(13 genotypes).Results obtained from this study revealed that the identified heat-sensitive(30-2 SSH)and heat-tolerant genotypes(27-2(4),29-2(2),and 30-2 SSH)of wheat might provide useful breeding materials for enhancing wheat yield even more in this period of uncertain climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1612442)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0601000)。
文摘Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).However,it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters.To address this issue,we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations,δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-H_(2)O,relative water column stability(RWCS),and related environmental factors in a subtropical eutrophic reservoir(Hongfeng Reservoir,HFR),Southwest China.We found that denitrification was the most important nitrogen transformation process in the HFR and that higher denitrification intensity was associated with increased RWCS in summer,which suggested hydrological control of the denitrification process.In contrast,low RWCS conditions favored the nitrification process in the HFR in winter.Additionally,dissolved oxygen(DO;p<0.05)and nitrate concentrations(p<0.01)had significant impacts on the denitrification rate.We also found that the spatiotemporal RWCS variations were a prerequisite for regulating DO/nitrate stratification and the coupling/decoupling of nitrification-denitrification at the local and global scales.This study would advances our knowledge of the impacts of RWCS and thermal stratification on nitrogen transformation processes in reservoirs.
文摘In order to study the physiological and yield responses of sunflower inbred lines to full and limited irrigation, an experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2014–2015 in the research field of the Agricultural Research Station in Khoi, Iran. Water withholding was imposed in the flowering stages from R4 （initial flowering） to R6 （full flowering）. The results showed that the main effect of irrigation and inbred lines and the interaction effect between irrigation and inbred lines in terms of the proline and protein contents, the catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, and seed yield in all inbred lines, and relative water content（RWC） were significant at 1% level. Water withholding in the flowering stage increased the proline content and the catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, whereas limited irrigation decreased the protein content and seed yield in all inbred lines and RWC. The lowest protein content and the highest catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were observed in BGK 39 under limited irrigation condition, while BGK 37 revealed the highest proline content in such circumstances. The highest seed yield was seen in BGK 1 and BGK 375 in full irrigation condition. Limited irrigation increased the proline content by 49.51%, compared to that of full irrigation condition.
文摘Changes of RWC, wilting degree and ABA in different ramie varieties under drought stress were studied. The results showed: (1) wilting degree and ABA increased but RWC decreased with the increase of drought sress,and (2) drought resistant varieties had higher RWC and ABA but lower wilting degree than drought sensitive varieties.
文摘The heavy metals present in the environment accumulate in the plants and affect their productivity and yield.By entering the food chain,metals cause several serious health problems in human beings as well as in other organisms.Indole acetic acid(IAA)is known to act as a signaling molecule between symbiotic association of metal accumulating plants and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR).Present study demonstrated a protective role of IAA against surplus Zinc(Zn)-induced toxicity to Hordeum vulgare seedlings.Elevated Zn concentrations suppressed the plant growth,caused a reduction in leaf relative water contents(RWC)and elevated free proline and non-protein thiols(NPT)accumulation.Zinc treatment also led to enhanced lipid peroxidation(MDA contents)as well as the activity of ascorbate peroxidase(APX),showing the involvement of antioxidative defense mechanism to reduce Zn induced toxicity.IAA oxidase activity was also observed to increase due to Zn treatment.IAA pretreatment of H.vulgare caryopsis could partly revert the Zn-induced toxicity in seedlings.
文摘This study’s dynamic survey of spectators at the HRS(Hanazono Rugby Stadium)in HOC(Higashi Osaka City)during the 2019 RWC(Rugby World Cup)tournament used location information big data to analyze nine items,including spectator attributes-60 min or more stay in HOC(excluding residents),more than 15 min stay in the HRS on match days(besides,the days before and after the match).To compare spectators,visitors to HOC during the matches were added to the target group.The results show that the RWC attracted a high number of male visitors aged 20,40,and 50 years,mainly from the Kinki region,whose stopovers inside and outside the region were limited to Osaka City.Stopovers in tourist areas unrelated to the RWC were few,partly because it was possible to undertake a day trip solely to watch the game without any stopovers.
