Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive us...Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.展开更多
Aim To develop a method for the determination of three drug components： clonidine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide and rutin in Zhenju Jiangya tablet. Methods An uncoated capillary tube was used to analyze under 20...Aim To develop a method for the determination of three drug components： clonidine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide and rutin in Zhenju Jiangya tablet. Methods An uncoated capillary tube was used to analyze under 20 kV voltage at 20 ℃. The samples were introduced into the capillary tube by hydrodynamic mode applying 50 kPa for 5 s and detected at 210 nm. Results The linear ranges of clonidine hydrochlofide, hydrochlorothiazide, and rutin were 10 μg· mL^-1 - 100μg· mL^-1, 30μg· mL^-1 - 300 μg· mL^- 1, and 30μg · mL^-1 - 300μg · mL^-1, respectively. Inter-day and intra-day RSD were all below 10.5%. The recoveries were 94.96% for clonidine hydrochloride, 84.45% for hydroehlorothiazide, and 89.88 % for rutin. Conclusion Clonidine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide, and rutin are baseline separated. The method is simple and rapid for simultaneous determination of the three drug components in Zhenju Jiangya tablet.展开更多
To ensure the safety of “Manten-Kirari”, a non-bitter and trace-rutinosidase variety of Tartary buckwheat, we evaluated its mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay, the Ames test. Salmonella typ...To ensure the safety of “Manten-Kirari”, a non-bitter and trace-rutinosidase variety of Tartary buckwheat, we evaluated its mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay, the Ames test. Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA153, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA were employed as test bacteria. The flour of “Manten-Kirari” was dissolved at 12 - 50,000 μg/mL in DMSO and investigated. The number of revertants did not differ compared to the negative control for all concentrations tested, whereas that in the positive control, the number of revertants was increased with or without metabolic activation for each bacterial strain tested. These results suggested that the flour of the Tartary buckwheat “Manten-Kirari” was not genotoxic.展开更多
Rutin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and immune regulatory effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of rutin in spinal cord injury are unknown. The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase...Rutin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and immune regulatory effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of rutin in spinal cord injury are unknown. The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） pathway is the most important member of the MAPK family that controls inflammation. We assumed that the mechanism of rutin in the repair of spinal cord injury is associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway. Allen’s method was used to establish a rat model of spinal cord injury. The rat model was intraperitoneally injected with rutin （30 mg/kg） for 3 days. After treatment with rutin, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor function scores increased. Water content, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels, p38 MAPK protein expression and caspase-3 and -9 activities in T8–9 spinal cord decreased. Oxidative stress related markers superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in peripheral blood. Rutin exerts neuroprotective effect through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.展开更多
Three microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) procedures were studied. The first procedure was household microwave oven dynamic extraction(HMODE). The second procedure was special microwave oven bath extraction(SMOBE). The...Three microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) procedures were studied. The first procedure was household microwave oven dynamic extraction(HMODE). The second procedure was special microwave oven bath extraction(SMOBE). The third procedure was microwave resonant cavity dynamic extraction(MRCDE). The results obtained by the three microwave-assisted extraction procedures were compared with those obtained by using traditional Soxhlet extraction. The results indicate that the MAE not only took a shorter time, but also simplified the procedure, and made the extraction a higher yield. At the same time the results obtained by the three MAE procedures were also compared with each other.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of rutin on serum glucose and lipid levels in hyperglycemic rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections and a high-sugar,high-fat diet to es...OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of rutin on serum glucose and lipid levels in hyperglycemic rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections and a high-sugar,high-fat diet to establish a hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic model.The model was considered to be successfully established in rats with fasting blood sugar(FBS)≥11.1 mmol/L.The study included 6 groups with 10 rats each:a blank control group,a model group,a metformin group,and groups on large,medium and small doses of rutin.The groups received intraperitoneal streptozotocin or normal saline for 21 d.FBS,serum lipids,serum insulin,insulin sensitivity index(ISI),and levels of catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were evaluated in all rats.Pancreatic tissue samples were harvested to observe structural changes in islet cells.RESULTS:Large,medium,and small doses of rutin were associated with significantly reduced FBS(P<0.05),and increased levels of ISI,CAT,GSH-Px and SOD,as well as decreased MDA(P<0.05).Rutin administration was also related with reduced total cholesterol,triglycerides and low density lipoprotein chesterol,as well as increased high density lipoprotein chesterol(P<0.05).Histologic evaluation revealed rutin induced repair of damaged islet cells.CONCLUSION:In diabetic rat models,rutin can significantly reduce FBS and blood lipids,improve anti-oxidant activity,increase insulin sensitivity,and induce repair of damaged islet cells.展开更多
Objective: To find anti-melanogenesis materials used in whitening cosmetics.Methods: The ethanolic leaf extract of Mallotus japonicus(M. japonicus) having an anti-melanogenesis activity was separated by a sephadex LH-...Objective: To find anti-melanogenesis materials used in whitening cosmetics.Methods: The ethanolic leaf extract of Mallotus japonicus(M. japonicus) having an anti-melanogenesis activity was separated by a sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Each fraction was measured for its tyrosinase inhibitory activity together with its polyphenol content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The anti-melanogenesis activity of the active fractions was determined by the melanin content in the murine B16F1 melanoma. The active fractions were put together due to similar constituents, and then separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a C-18 ODS column. The major antimelanogenesis compound was identified using1 H and13C-NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of M. japonicus showed an anti-tyrosinase activity with a high polyphenol content, resulting in suppression of melanin production in the B16F1 melanoma. The extract was separated and the active compound was identical as rutin based on the1 H,13C-NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis data. In addition, the rutin treatment with cells reduced the melanin content in a concentration dependent manner without any cell toxicity. The leaf extract of M. japonicus containing rutin would be useful in whitening cosmetics for protection from UV-light exposure to be limiting the accumulation of melanin in skin.Conclusions: The leaf extract of M. japonicus and/or rutin isolated from the extract as a key whitening agent would be useful as a whitening cosmetic material for protecting against disorder skin due to melanin accumulation.展开更多
Male infertility has become a problem worldwide,and recent research has emphasized the development of more effective therapy options.Among natural compounds,rutin has been widely studied for its potential to treat dys...Male infertility has become a problem worldwide,and recent research has emphasized the development of more effective therapy options.Among natural compounds,rutin has been widely studied for its potential to treat dysfunction related to male infertility,including a reduction in sperm quality,spermatogenesis disruption and structural disruption in the testis.A thorough review of scientific literature published in several databases,including Google Scholar,PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus,was used to synthesize the present state of research on the role of rutin in male reproductive health.Rutin has been shown to possess antiapoptotic,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,among others,which are crucial in the management of male infertility.Numerous investigations have shown that rutin protects against male infertility and have explored the underlying mechanisms involved.The present review,therefore,assesses the therapeutic mechanisms involved in male infertility treatment using rutin.Rutin was able to mitigate the induced oxidative stress,apoptosis,inflammation,and related physiological processes that can cause testicular dysfunction.展开更多
Microglial cells are important resident innate immune components in the central nervous system that are often activated during neuroinflammation.Activated microglia can display one of two phenotypes,M1 or M2,which eac...Microglial cells are important resident innate immune components in the central nervous system that are often activated during neuroinflammation.Activated microglia can display one of two phenotypes,M1 or M2,which each play distinct roles in neuroinflammation.Rutin,a dietary flavonoid,exhibits protective effects against neuroinflammation.However,whether rutin is able to influence the M1/M2 polarization of microglia remains unclear.In this study,in vitro BV-2 cell models of neuroinflammation were established using 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide to investigate the effects of 1-hour rutin pretreatment on microglial polarization.The results revealed that rutin pretreatment reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 and increased the secretion of interleukin-10.Rutin pretreatment also downregulated the expression of the M1 microglial markers CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and upregulated the expression of the M2 microglial markers arginase 1 and CD206.Rutin pretreatment inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 and blocked the phosphorylation of I kappa B kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B.These results showed that rutin pretreatment may promote the phenotypic switch of microglia M1 to M2 by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation.展开更多
The development of mammary glands, endocrine hormone concentrations and the gene expression of related receptors were measured in ovariectomized virgin rats after adminstration of an estrogen-like plant extract, rutin...The development of mammary glands, endocrine hormone concentrations and the gene expression of related receptors were measured in ovariectomized virgin rats after adminstration of an estrogen-like plant extract, rutin. Thirty-two ovariectomized virgin Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 8 animals each： gastric infusion of 2 mL normal saline per unovariectomized rat per day （Sham）, gastric infusion of 2 mL normal saline per ovariectomized rat per day （Ova）, gastric infusion of 60 mg rutin kg-1 body weight （BW） per ovariectomized rat per day （Ova＋Rut）, or intramuscular injection of 60 ug estradiol kg-1 BW per ovariectomized rat weekly （Ova＋Est）. Samples of blood and mammary glands were harvested to determine the levels of estrogen （E2）, prolactin （PRL） and growth hormone （GH）, and the gene expression of estrogen receptors （ER）, prolactin receptors （PRLR） and growth hormone receptors （GHR） with radioimmunoassy （RIA） and RT-PCR technology, respectively. The E2 concentration in plasma and gland tissues from the rats of Ovx＋Rut or Ovx＋Est was higher than that of Ovx （P〈0.05）, but the plasma E2 concentration from the rats of Ovx＋Rut was lower than that of Sham （P〈0.05）. The order of the PRL concentration in plasma and gland tissues was Ovx〈Ovx＋Rut〈Ovx＋Est 〈Sham, and the difference in each treatment （P〈0.05）. The plasma GH concentration was lower in Ovx than in Ovx＋Rut or Ovx＋Est, and lower in Ovx＋Rut than in Sham （P〈0.05）. The GH concentration in gland tissues was lower in Ovx than in Ovx＋Rut or Ovx＋Est （P〈0.05）, and lower in Ovx＋Rut than in Sham （P〈0.05）. The gene expression of ER in gland tissues was increased in an order as Ovx〈Ovx＋Rut〈Ovx＋Est〈Sham （P〈0.05）, and PRLR, GHR showed the same trend. In conclusion, adminstration of rutin increased the E2 concentration in plasma and mammary glands, promoted pituitary PRL and GH release, up-regulated the gene expression of ER, PRLR and GHR, and stimulated mammary development in ovariectomized virgin rats.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of quercetin(Q) and rutin on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: The control group was corn oil. The 5-FU group rats were corn oil and injected intraperitoneal 5-...Objective: To investigate the effects of quercetin(Q) and rutin on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: The control group was corn oil. The 5-FU group rats were corn oil and injected intraperitoneal 5-FU 50 mg/kg. Groups rutin 50 + 5-FU and rutin 100 + 5-FU were respectively 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg rutin. These groups were given 5-FU(50 mg/kg) in the 18th day. The group rutin 100 was rutin(100 mg/kg i.g.). Groups Q50 + 5-FU and Q100 + 5-FU were respectively 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg quercetin. These groups were given 5-FU(50 mg/kg) in the 18th day of quercetin application. The group Q100 was quercetin(100 mg/kg i.g.). In the end of experimental applications, blood was collected from anesthetized rats.Results: The MDA level was significantly higher in the 5-FU group compared with control group, and determined to be decreased in other groups. GPx and GSH levels were significantly decreased in the 5-FU group compared to the control, rutin 100 + 5-FU and Q100 + 5-FU groups. AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels in the serum were significantly increased in the 5-FU group compared with the other groups. The results from this analysis show that while the caspase-3 level increases in the 5-FU group, it decreases in the Q50 + 5-FU, Q100 + 5-FU, rutin 50 + 5-FU and rutin 100 + 5-FU groups. Bcl-2 level decreased in the 5-FU group compared to the control group, but increased in the rutin 100 + 5-FU, Q50 + 5-FU and Q100 + 5-FU groups.Conclusions: In this study it was determined that the rutin and Q have protective effects on 5-FU-induced hepatotoxicity.展开更多
The simultaneous electrochemical determination of myricetin and rutin remains a challenge due to their indistinguishable potentials.To solve this problem,we constructed a ternary platinum nanoparticle,reduced graphene...The simultaneous electrochemical determination of myricetin and rutin remains a challenge due to their indistinguishable potentials.To solve this problem,we constructed a ternary platinum nanoparticle,reduced graphene oxide,multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pt@r-GO@MWCNTs) nanocomposite via a facile one-pot synthetic method.Under the optimized conditions,the ternary Pt@r-GO@MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward myricetin and rutin via solid phase extraction and excellent performance for the simultaneous determination of myricetin and rutin.The oxidation peak current of myricetin was proportional to its concentrations in the range of 0.05-50μM with a detection limit of 0.01μM (S/N=3).The linear range for rutin was 0.05-50μM with a detection limit of 0.005μM(S/N=3).The ternary nanocomposite sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and stability,and was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of myricetin and rutin in real orange juice samples with recoveries ranging between 100.57% and 108.46%.展开更多
The wastewater discharge from the process of chrome plating,which contains 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(F-53B)and chromium(Cr),may be toxic to biofilm.In this study we found that the biofilm formed ...The wastewater discharge from the process of chrome plating,which contains 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(F-53B)and chromium(Cr),may be toxic to biofilm.In this study we found that the biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited by exposure to a combination of F-53B and Cr(VI).The combined pollution damaged the cell membranes and the structure of the biofilm,and inhibited the production of the Pseudomonas quinolone-based signal,which affected biofilm formation.Moreover,the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances decreased as a result of this combined exposure.Exposure to F-53B and Cr(VI)individually or in combination could induce the excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the ROS positive rate of the bacteria increased under the treatment with 0.2 mmol/L of Cr(VI)and 250 nmol/L of F-53B,respectively.In addition,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were enhanced for scavenging ROS in the bacteria that were exposed to Cr(VI)and F-53B.As an antioxidant,rutin was used to repair the toxicity of Cr(VI)and F-53B towards the biofilm formed by the bacteria.When rutin was added to the bacteria medium,with either Cr(VI)or F-53B as pollutant,or with the combined pollutants,the extracellular protein content of the bacteria recovered to 0.84,0.94,and 0.85 times that of the control,respectively.Meanwhile,the accumulation of ROS and the activities of SOD and CAT decreased,which indicated that the addition of rutin can alleviate the oxidative stress and promote the antioxidant stress system.展开更多
The management of diabetic neuropathy (DN) is still a challenge for physicians. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress involves in the development of diabetic neuropathy, which could be reversed by supplementation of ...The management of diabetic neuropathy (DN) is still a challenge for physicians. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress involves in the development of diabetic neuropathy, which could be reversed by supplementation of antioxidants. In the present study, it has targeted the oxidative stress mediated nerve damage in DN by using combined therapy of rutin (RT) and silymarin (SM). Diabetes was induced by single streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg i.p.) injection. The diabetic rats were treated daily with RT (100 mg/kg), SM (60 mg/kg) and RT (50 mg/kg) + SM (30 mg/kg) for 6 consecutive weeks. Pain-related behavior tests were performed including tail flick, paw-pressure analgesia and Rota-rod treadmill performance. Serum glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6) and interleukine-1β (IL-β) levels were estimated. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Diabetic rats that developed neuropathy were revealed by decreased tail-flick latency, paw-withdrawal latency and motor coordination. RT (100 mg/kg/day) and SM (60 mg/kg/day) dosed to diabetic rats, ameliorated hyperalgesia, analgesia and led to improved motor coordination. However, the combined therapy of RT (50 mg/kg/day) with SM (30 mg/kg/day) showed more significant effects in these parameters. STZ significantly increased TBARS and decreased GSH levels in sciatic nerve whereas combined therapy of RT and SM produced higher significant protection compared to individual. Similarly, combined therapy showed more significant amelioration in decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GST, GS and GPx activities in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. Present results concluded that the combined therapy of phenolic compounds such as RT and SM had higher protective effects than their individual supplementations against DM.展开更多
Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anticancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO_(4) nano...Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anticancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO_(4) nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and porous carbon(PC)was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis.Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed,and characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.A mixture of PC and CoWO_(4) nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin.The 3D CoWO_(4) nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity.Moreover,the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed,thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface.Owing to the synergistic effect of the 3D CoWO_(4) nanosheets and PC,the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity.The sensor showed a good linear range(5-5000 ng/mL)with a detection limit of 0.45 ng/mL.The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples.展开更多
Flavonoids are present in foods such as fruits and vegetables. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and prevention of human disease, including neurodegenerat...Flavonoids are present in foods such as fruits and vegetables. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and prevention of human disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. We assessed the effect of rutin （quercetin-3-O-rutinoside） on oxidative stress in kainic acid （KA）-induced seizure. METHODS： Thirty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, saline （intra-peritoneal, i.p.） was administered for 7 d, and on the last day, KA （10 mg/kg, i.p.） was injected 30 min after administration of saline. In rutin groups, mice were pretreated with rutin （100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.） for 7 d, and on the last day, KA （10 mg/kg, i.p.） was injected 30 min after administration of rutin. Subsequently, behavioural changes were observed in mice. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were measured respectively in the early and late phases after KA-induced seizures. RESULTS： Seizure scores in the rutin groups were significantly lower than those in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore, rutin dose-dependently inhibited the number of wet-dog shakes （WDS） （P 〈 0.05）. Malondialdehyde level in the hippocampus of the rutin groups was significantly lower than that in the hippocampus of the control group on days 1 and 21 after KA administration. In the rutin groups, the thiol levels observed on day 1 after KA administration were higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that rutin has potential anticonvulsant and antioxidative activities against oxidative stress in KA-induced seizure in mice.展开更多
An electrochemical method based on a directly electrochemically reduced graphene oxide （ERGO） film coated on a glassy carbon electrode （GCE） was developed for the rapid and convenient determination of rutin in pla...An electrochemical method based on a directly electrochemically reduced graphene oxide （ERGO） film coated on a glassy carbon electrode （GCE） was developed for the rapid and convenient determination of rutin in plasma. ERGO was modified on the surface of GCE by one-step electro-deposition method. Electrochemical behavior of rutin on ERGO/GCE indicated that rutin underwent a surface-controlled quasi-reversible process and the electrochemical parameters such as charge transfer coefficient （α）, electron transfer number （n） and electrode reaction standard rate constant （ks） were 0.53, 2 and 3.4 s -1, respectively. The electrochemical sensor for rutin in plasma provided a wide linear response range of 4.70 × 10 ^-7 1.25 × 10^-5 M with the detection limit （s/n=3） of 1.84 × 10^-8 M. The assay was success- fully used to the pharmacokinetic study of rutin. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as elimination rate half-life （t1/2）, area under curve （AUC）, and plasma clearance （CL） were calculated to be 3.345 ± 0.647 rain, 5750 ±656.0 μg min/mL, and 5.891± 0.458 mL/min/kg, respectively. The proposed method utilized a small sample volume of 10 μL and had no complicated sample pretreatment （without deproteinization）, which was simple, eco-friendly, and time- and cost-efficient for rutin pharmacokinetic studies.展开更多
This study is designed to investigate the antioxidant status and the presence of biologically-active compounds in Allium roseum L. and to compare the results with those of Allium sativum L. The content of thiosulfinat...This study is designed to investigate the antioxidant status and the presence of biologically-active compounds in Allium roseum L. and to compare the results with those of Allium sativum L. The content of thiosulfinates (Thio) and the levels of flavonols (quercetin and rutin), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzymes activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), were evaluated in bulbs, bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers. Our study shows that bulbs of Allium roseum contain levels significantly higher of GSH, GSSG, AA, Thio, rutin and the activity of GPx and GR significantly higher than bulbs of Allium sativum. Moreover, the bulbs of Allium roseum show a significantly higher content of GPx, GR, CAT, GSH and GSSG than bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers of Allium roseum. In Allium roseum, the greatest content of Thio is present in the flowers bulblets, while the levels of AA, quercetin and rutin are greater in the flowers. In conclusion, our result shows how Allium roseum exhibits antioxidant capabilities in all its fresh organs. The bulbs, bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers are a good source of important bioactive compounds. Allium roseum possesses properties comparable to garlic indicating its possible nutritional and medicinal value.展开更多
We investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of Excoecorio ogollocho （E.ogollocho） against chemically and thermally induced nociception, Albino mice received a dose of 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg of alkaline chloroform f...We investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of Excoecorio ogollocho （E.ogollocho） against chemically and thermally induced nociception, Albino mice received a dose of 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg of alkaline chloroform fraction （Alk-CF） of E.ogollocho by oral administration. Compared with controls, AIk-CF decreased the writhing numbers （P〈0.01） in a dose dependent manner. Further we determined that, AIk-CF contained, a potent compared to control, also potent anti-nociceptive agent that acted via opioid receptors and using HPLC, identified this compound as Rutin. Docking simulation demonstrated that Rutin interacted strongly with cyclooxygenase, forming a number of specific hydrogen bonds. In conclusion we have identified peripheral and central anti-nociceptive activities of E.ogollocho that involve opioid receptor, and in which the active compound is Rutin.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Department(242102310530,242102310119,252102310498)the Zhumadian Science and Technology Innovation Youth Special Project(QNZX202413)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(LHGJ20241009,LHGJ20241006)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B180015,25B230006)。
文摘Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.
文摘Aim To develop a method for the determination of three drug components： clonidine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide and rutin in Zhenju Jiangya tablet. Methods An uncoated capillary tube was used to analyze under 20 kV voltage at 20 ℃. The samples were introduced into the capillary tube by hydrodynamic mode applying 50 kPa for 5 s and detected at 210 nm. Results The linear ranges of clonidine hydrochlofide, hydrochlorothiazide, and rutin were 10 μg· mL^-1 - 100μg· mL^-1, 30μg· mL^-1 - 300 μg· mL^- 1, and 30μg · mL^-1 - 300μg · mL^-1, respectively. Inter-day and intra-day RSD were all below 10.5%. The recoveries were 94.96% for clonidine hydrochloride, 84.45% for hydroehlorothiazide, and 89.88 % for rutin. Conclusion Clonidine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide, and rutin are baseline separated. The method is simple and rapid for simultaneous determination of the three drug components in Zhenju Jiangya tablet.
文摘To ensure the safety of “Manten-Kirari”, a non-bitter and trace-rutinosidase variety of Tartary buckwheat, we evaluated its mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay, the Ames test. Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA153, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA were employed as test bacteria. The flour of “Manten-Kirari” was dissolved at 12 - 50,000 μg/mL in DMSO and investigated. The number of revertants did not differ compared to the negative control for all concentrations tested, whereas that in the positive control, the number of revertants was increased with or without metabolic activation for each bacterial strain tested. These results suggested that the flour of the Tartary buckwheat “Manten-Kirari” was not genotoxic.
基金supported in part by grants from the Young Scientists Awards Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.BS2013YY049the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2012M511036
文摘Rutin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and immune regulatory effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of rutin in spinal cord injury are unknown. The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） pathway is the most important member of the MAPK family that controls inflammation. We assumed that the mechanism of rutin in the repair of spinal cord injury is associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway. Allen’s method was used to establish a rat model of spinal cord injury. The rat model was intraperitoneally injected with rutin （30 mg/kg） for 3 days. After treatment with rutin, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor function scores increased. Water content, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels, p38 MAPK protein expression and caspase-3 and -9 activities in T8–9 spinal cord decreased. Oxidative stress related markers superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in peripheral blood. Rutin exerts neuroprotective effect through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.
基金the Science and Technology Developing Fellowship Program(No.2 0 0 30 5 5 1- 7) by Jilin Province
文摘Three microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) procedures were studied. The first procedure was household microwave oven dynamic extraction(HMODE). The second procedure was special microwave oven bath extraction(SMOBE). The third procedure was microwave resonant cavity dynamic extraction(MRCDE). The results obtained by the three microwave-assisted extraction procedures were compared with those obtained by using traditional Soxhlet extraction. The results indicate that the MAE not only took a shorter time, but also simplified the procedure, and made the extraction a higher yield. At the same time the results obtained by the three MAE procedures were also compared with each other.
基金Research and Innovation Team on Key Technologies of Integrated Processing and Preparation of Place of Production of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Project Category:Innovative Talents Promotion Program of Shaanxi—Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2018 TD-005)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of rutin on serum glucose and lipid levels in hyperglycemic rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections and a high-sugar,high-fat diet to establish a hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic model.The model was considered to be successfully established in rats with fasting blood sugar(FBS)≥11.1 mmol/L.The study included 6 groups with 10 rats each:a blank control group,a model group,a metformin group,and groups on large,medium and small doses of rutin.The groups received intraperitoneal streptozotocin or normal saline for 21 d.FBS,serum lipids,serum insulin,insulin sensitivity index(ISI),and levels of catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were evaluated in all rats.Pancreatic tissue samples were harvested to observe structural changes in islet cells.RESULTS:Large,medium,and small doses of rutin were associated with significantly reduced FBS(P<0.05),and increased levels of ISI,CAT,GSH-Px and SOD,as well as decreased MDA(P<0.05).Rutin administration was also related with reduced total cholesterol,triglycerides and low density lipoprotein chesterol,as well as increased high density lipoprotein chesterol(P<0.05).Histologic evaluation revealed rutin induced repair of damaged islet cells.CONCLUSION:In diabetic rat models,rutin can significantly reduce FBS and blood lipids,improve anti-oxidant activity,increase insulin sensitivity,and induce repair of damaged islet cells.
文摘Objective: To find anti-melanogenesis materials used in whitening cosmetics.Methods: The ethanolic leaf extract of Mallotus japonicus(M. japonicus) having an anti-melanogenesis activity was separated by a sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Each fraction was measured for its tyrosinase inhibitory activity together with its polyphenol content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The anti-melanogenesis activity of the active fractions was determined by the melanin content in the murine B16F1 melanoma. The active fractions were put together due to similar constituents, and then separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a C-18 ODS column. The major antimelanogenesis compound was identified using1 H and13C-NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of M. japonicus showed an anti-tyrosinase activity with a high polyphenol content, resulting in suppression of melanin production in the B16F1 melanoma. The extract was separated and the active compound was identical as rutin based on the1 H,13C-NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis data. In addition, the rutin treatment with cells reduced the melanin content in a concentration dependent manner without any cell toxicity. The leaf extract of M. japonicus containing rutin would be useful in whitening cosmetics for protection from UV-light exposure to be limiting the accumulation of melanin in skin.Conclusions: The leaf extract of M. japonicus and/or rutin isolated from the extract as a key whitening agent would be useful as a whitening cosmetic material for protecting against disorder skin due to melanin accumulation.
文摘Male infertility has become a problem worldwide,and recent research has emphasized the development of more effective therapy options.Among natural compounds,rutin has been widely studied for its potential to treat dysfunction related to male infertility,including a reduction in sperm quality,spermatogenesis disruption and structural disruption in the testis.A thorough review of scientific literature published in several databases,including Google Scholar,PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus,was used to synthesize the present state of research on the role of rutin in male reproductive health.Rutin has been shown to possess antiapoptotic,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,among others,which are crucial in the management of male infertility.Numerous investigations have shown that rutin protects against male infertility and have explored the underlying mechanisms involved.The present review,therefore,assesses the therapeutic mechanisms involved in male infertility treatment using rutin.Rutin was able to mitigate the induced oxidative stress,apoptosis,inflammation,and related physiological processes that can cause testicular dysfunction.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science and Technology Foundation of Zunyi City,China,No.201915(to GPL)Doctor Startup Foundation of Zunyi Medical University,Nos.[2017]5733-045(to GPL),[2017]5733-044(to YYH)Natural Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,China,No.[2020]1Y292(to YYH).
文摘Microglial cells are important resident innate immune components in the central nervous system that are often activated during neuroinflammation.Activated microglia can display one of two phenotypes,M1 or M2,which each play distinct roles in neuroinflammation.Rutin,a dietary flavonoid,exhibits protective effects against neuroinflammation.However,whether rutin is able to influence the M1/M2 polarization of microglia remains unclear.In this study,in vitro BV-2 cell models of neuroinflammation were established using 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide to investigate the effects of 1-hour rutin pretreatment on microglial polarization.The results revealed that rutin pretreatment reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 and increased the secretion of interleukin-10.Rutin pretreatment also downregulated the expression of the M1 microglial markers CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and upregulated the expression of the M2 microglial markers arginase 1 and CD206.Rutin pretreatment inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 and blocked the phosphorylation of I kappa B kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B.These results showed that rutin pretreatment may promote the phenotypic switch of microglia M1 to M2 by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation.
基金funded by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006BAD12B04-04)
文摘The development of mammary glands, endocrine hormone concentrations and the gene expression of related receptors were measured in ovariectomized virgin rats after adminstration of an estrogen-like plant extract, rutin. Thirty-two ovariectomized virgin Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 8 animals each： gastric infusion of 2 mL normal saline per unovariectomized rat per day （Sham）, gastric infusion of 2 mL normal saline per ovariectomized rat per day （Ova）, gastric infusion of 60 mg rutin kg-1 body weight （BW） per ovariectomized rat per day （Ova＋Rut）, or intramuscular injection of 60 ug estradiol kg-1 BW per ovariectomized rat weekly （Ova＋Est）. Samples of blood and mammary glands were harvested to determine the levels of estrogen （E2）, prolactin （PRL） and growth hormone （GH）, and the gene expression of estrogen receptors （ER）, prolactin receptors （PRLR） and growth hormone receptors （GHR） with radioimmunoassy （RIA） and RT-PCR technology, respectively. The E2 concentration in plasma and gland tissues from the rats of Ovx＋Rut or Ovx＋Est was higher than that of Ovx （P〈0.05）, but the plasma E2 concentration from the rats of Ovx＋Rut was lower than that of Sham （P〈0.05）. The order of the PRL concentration in plasma and gland tissues was Ovx〈Ovx＋Rut〈Ovx＋Est 〈Sham, and the difference in each treatment （P〈0.05）. The plasma GH concentration was lower in Ovx than in Ovx＋Rut or Ovx＋Est, and lower in Ovx＋Rut than in Sham （P〈0.05）. The GH concentration in gland tissues was lower in Ovx than in Ovx＋Rut or Ovx＋Est （P〈0.05）, and lower in Ovx＋Rut than in Sham （P〈0.05）. The gene expression of ER in gland tissues was increased in an order as Ovx〈Ovx＋Rut〈Ovx＋Est〈Sham （P〈0.05）, and PRLR, GHR showed the same trend. In conclusion, adminstration of rutin increased the E2 concentration in plasma and mammary glands, promoted pituitary PRL and GH release, up-regulated the gene expression of ER, PRLR and GHR, and stimulated mammary development in ovariectomized virgin rats.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of quercetin(Q) and rutin on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: The control group was corn oil. The 5-FU group rats were corn oil and injected intraperitoneal 5-FU 50 mg/kg. Groups rutin 50 + 5-FU and rutin 100 + 5-FU were respectively 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg rutin. These groups were given 5-FU(50 mg/kg) in the 18th day. The group rutin 100 was rutin(100 mg/kg i.g.). Groups Q50 + 5-FU and Q100 + 5-FU were respectively 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg quercetin. These groups were given 5-FU(50 mg/kg) in the 18th day of quercetin application. The group Q100 was quercetin(100 mg/kg i.g.). In the end of experimental applications, blood was collected from anesthetized rats.Results: The MDA level was significantly higher in the 5-FU group compared with control group, and determined to be decreased in other groups. GPx and GSH levels were significantly decreased in the 5-FU group compared to the control, rutin 100 + 5-FU and Q100 + 5-FU groups. AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels in the serum were significantly increased in the 5-FU group compared with the other groups. The results from this analysis show that while the caspase-3 level increases in the 5-FU group, it decreases in the Q50 + 5-FU, Q100 + 5-FU, rutin 50 + 5-FU and rutin 100 + 5-FU groups. Bcl-2 level decreased in the 5-FU group compared to the control group, but increased in the rutin 100 + 5-FU, Q50 + 5-FU and Q100 + 5-FU groups.Conclusions: In this study it was determined that the rutin and Q have protective effects on 5-FU-induced hepatotoxicity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.21874047,21475046, 21427809)
文摘The simultaneous electrochemical determination of myricetin and rutin remains a challenge due to their indistinguishable potentials.To solve this problem,we constructed a ternary platinum nanoparticle,reduced graphene oxide,multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pt@r-GO@MWCNTs) nanocomposite via a facile one-pot synthetic method.Under the optimized conditions,the ternary Pt@r-GO@MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward myricetin and rutin via solid phase extraction and excellent performance for the simultaneous determination of myricetin and rutin.The oxidation peak current of myricetin was proportional to its concentrations in the range of 0.05-50μM with a detection limit of 0.01μM (S/N=3).The linear range for rutin was 0.05-50μM with a detection limit of 0.005μM(S/N=3).The ternary nanocomposite sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and stability,and was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of myricetin and rutin in real orange juice samples with recoveries ranging between 100.57% and 108.46%.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20201388)the Industry Prospect and Common Key Technologies in Jiangsu Province(No.BE2018015)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘The wastewater discharge from the process of chrome plating,which contains 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(F-53B)and chromium(Cr),may be toxic to biofilm.In this study we found that the biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited by exposure to a combination of F-53B and Cr(VI).The combined pollution damaged the cell membranes and the structure of the biofilm,and inhibited the production of the Pseudomonas quinolone-based signal,which affected biofilm formation.Moreover,the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances decreased as a result of this combined exposure.Exposure to F-53B and Cr(VI)individually or in combination could induce the excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the ROS positive rate of the bacteria increased under the treatment with 0.2 mmol/L of Cr(VI)and 250 nmol/L of F-53B,respectively.In addition,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were enhanced for scavenging ROS in the bacteria that were exposed to Cr(VI)and F-53B.As an antioxidant,rutin was used to repair the toxicity of Cr(VI)and F-53B towards the biofilm formed by the bacteria.When rutin was added to the bacteria medium,with either Cr(VI)or F-53B as pollutant,or with the combined pollutants,the extracellular protein content of the bacteria recovered to 0.84,0.94,and 0.85 times that of the control,respectively.Meanwhile,the accumulation of ROS and the activities of SOD and CAT decreased,which indicated that the addition of rutin can alleviate the oxidative stress and promote the antioxidant stress system.
文摘The management of diabetic neuropathy (DN) is still a challenge for physicians. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress involves in the development of diabetic neuropathy, which could be reversed by supplementation of antioxidants. In the present study, it has targeted the oxidative stress mediated nerve damage in DN by using combined therapy of rutin (RT) and silymarin (SM). Diabetes was induced by single streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg i.p.) injection. The diabetic rats were treated daily with RT (100 mg/kg), SM (60 mg/kg) and RT (50 mg/kg) + SM (30 mg/kg) for 6 consecutive weeks. Pain-related behavior tests were performed including tail flick, paw-pressure analgesia and Rota-rod treadmill performance. Serum glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6) and interleukine-1β (IL-β) levels were estimated. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Diabetic rats that developed neuropathy were revealed by decreased tail-flick latency, paw-withdrawal latency and motor coordination. RT (100 mg/kg/day) and SM (60 mg/kg/day) dosed to diabetic rats, ameliorated hyperalgesia, analgesia and led to improved motor coordination. However, the combined therapy of RT (50 mg/kg/day) with SM (30 mg/kg/day) showed more significant effects in these parameters. STZ significantly increased TBARS and decreased GSH levels in sciatic nerve whereas combined therapy of RT and SM produced higher significant protection compared to individual. Similarly, combined therapy showed more significant amelioration in decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GST, GS and GPx activities in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. Present results concluded that the combined therapy of phenolic compounds such as RT and SM had higher protective effects than their individual supplementations against DM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81872509)the Baoan TCM Development Foundation(Grant No.:2020KJCX-KTYJ-200)+7 种基金Internal Research Project of the Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital(Grant Nos.:BCZY2021003 and BCZY2021007)Baoan District Medical and Health Basic Research Project(Grant No.:2020JD491)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.:2019CFB429)Chinese Medicine Research Fund of Health Commission of Hubei Province(Grant Nos.:ZY2021M038 and ZY2021M051),the Youth Talent Project of Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital(Grant No.:2021Q03)the Science and Technology Key Program of Shiyan(Grant No.:21Y77)Baoan District Medical and Health Basic Research Project(Grant Nos.:2021JD143,2021JD281,and 2021JD290)Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project(Grant Nos.:WJ2021M063 and WJ2021M062)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(Grant No.:SZZYSM202106004).
文摘Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anticancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO_(4) nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and porous carbon(PC)was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis.Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed,and characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.A mixture of PC and CoWO_(4) nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin.The 3D CoWO_(4) nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity.Moreover,the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed,thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface.Owing to the synergistic effect of the 3D CoWO_(4) nanosheets and PC,the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity.The sensor showed a good linear range(5-5000 ng/mL)with a detection limit of 0.45 ng/mL.The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples.
基金the Vice Chancellor of Research, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, for financial support
文摘Flavonoids are present in foods such as fruits and vegetables. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and prevention of human disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. We assessed the effect of rutin （quercetin-3-O-rutinoside） on oxidative stress in kainic acid （KA）-induced seizure. METHODS： Thirty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, saline （intra-peritoneal, i.p.） was administered for 7 d, and on the last day, KA （10 mg/kg, i.p.） was injected 30 min after administration of saline. In rutin groups, mice were pretreated with rutin （100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.） for 7 d, and on the last day, KA （10 mg/kg, i.p.） was injected 30 min after administration of rutin. Subsequently, behavioural changes were observed in mice. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were measured respectively in the early and late phases after KA-induced seizures. RESULTS： Seizure scores in the rutin groups were significantly lower than those in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore, rutin dose-dependently inhibited the number of wet-dog shakes （WDS） （P 〈 0.05）. Malondialdehyde level in the hippocampus of the rutin groups was significantly lower than that in the hippocampus of the control group on days 1 and 21 after KA administration. In the rutin groups, the thiol levels observed on day 1 after KA administration were higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that rutin has potential anticonvulsant and antioxidative activities against oxidative stress in KA-induced seizure in mice.
基金support of the Project of Science and Technology Agency of Gansu (No.1208RTZA211) and Lanzhou(Nos. 2012-2-67 and 2013-4-75)
文摘An electrochemical method based on a directly electrochemically reduced graphene oxide （ERGO） film coated on a glassy carbon electrode （GCE） was developed for the rapid and convenient determination of rutin in plasma. ERGO was modified on the surface of GCE by one-step electro-deposition method. Electrochemical behavior of rutin on ERGO/GCE indicated that rutin underwent a surface-controlled quasi-reversible process and the electrochemical parameters such as charge transfer coefficient （α）, electron transfer number （n） and electrode reaction standard rate constant （ks） were 0.53, 2 and 3.4 s -1, respectively. The electrochemical sensor for rutin in plasma provided a wide linear response range of 4.70 × 10 ^-7 1.25 × 10^-5 M with the detection limit （s/n=3） of 1.84 × 10^-8 M. The assay was success- fully used to the pharmacokinetic study of rutin. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as elimination rate half-life （t1/2）, area under curve （AUC）, and plasma clearance （CL） were calculated to be 3.345 ± 0.647 rain, 5750 ±656.0 μg min/mL, and 5.891± 0.458 mL/min/kg, respectively. The proposed method utilized a small sample volume of 10 μL and had no complicated sample pretreatment （without deproteinization）, which was simple, eco-friendly, and time- and cost-efficient for rutin pharmacokinetic studies.
文摘This study is designed to investigate the antioxidant status and the presence of biologically-active compounds in Allium roseum L. and to compare the results with those of Allium sativum L. The content of thiosulfinates (Thio) and the levels of flavonols (quercetin and rutin), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzymes activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), were evaluated in bulbs, bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers. Our study shows that bulbs of Allium roseum contain levels significantly higher of GSH, GSSG, AA, Thio, rutin and the activity of GPx and GR significantly higher than bulbs of Allium sativum. Moreover, the bulbs of Allium roseum show a significantly higher content of GPx, GR, CAT, GSH and GSSG than bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers of Allium roseum. In Allium roseum, the greatest content of Thio is present in the flowers bulblets, while the levels of AA, quercetin and rutin are greater in the flowers. In conclusion, our result shows how Allium roseum exhibits antioxidant capabilities in all its fresh organs. The bulbs, bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers are a good source of important bioactive compounds. Allium roseum possesses properties comparable to garlic indicating its possible nutritional and medicinal value.
文摘We investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of Excoecorio ogollocho （E.ogollocho） against chemically and thermally induced nociception, Albino mice received a dose of 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg of alkaline chloroform fraction （Alk-CF） of E.ogollocho by oral administration. Compared with controls, AIk-CF decreased the writhing numbers （P〈0.01） in a dose dependent manner. Further we determined that, AIk-CF contained, a potent compared to control, also potent anti-nociceptive agent that acted via opioid receptors and using HPLC, identified this compound as Rutin. Docking simulation demonstrated that Rutin interacted strongly with cyclooxygenase, forming a number of specific hydrogen bonds. In conclusion we have identified peripheral and central anti-nociceptive activities of E.ogollocho that involve opioid receptor, and in which the active compound is Rutin.
