Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)and its variants have become foundational in path-planning research,yet in complex three-dimensional off-road environments their uniform blind sampling and limited safety guarantees l...Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)and its variants have become foundational in path-planning research,yet in complex three-dimensional off-road environments their uniform blind sampling and limited safety guarantees lead to slow convergence and force an unfavorable trade-off between path quality and traversal safety.To address these challenges,we introduce HS-APF-RRT*,a novel algorithm that fuses layered sampling,an enhanced Artificial Potential Field(APF),and a dynamic neighborhood-expansion mechanism.First,the workspace is hierarchically partitioned into macro,meso,and micro sampling layers,progressively biasing random samples toward safer,lower-energy regions.Second,we augment the traditional APF by incorporating a slope-dependent repulsive term,enabling stronger avoidance of steep obstacles.Third,a dynamic expansion strategy adaptively switches between 8 and 16 connected neighborhoods based on local obstacle density,striking an effective balance between search efficiency and collision-avoidance precision.In simulated off-road scenarios,HS-APF-RRT*is benchmarked against RRT*,GoalBiased RRT*,and APF-RRT*,and demonstrates significantly faster convergence,lower path-energy consumption,and enhanced safety margins.展开更多
针对复杂水下环境中水下自主航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle,AUV)路径规划问题,提出一种改进启发式快速随机扩展树(rapidly-exploring random trees,RRT)的路径规划算法。针对路径点采样过程中缺乏目标导向性的问题,采用目标点...针对复杂水下环境中水下自主航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle,AUV)路径规划问题,提出一种改进启发式快速随机扩展树(rapidly-exploring random trees,RRT)的路径规划算法。针对路径点采样过程中缺乏目标导向性的问题,采用目标点概率偏置采样策略与目标偏向扩展策略,可使目标节点在随机采样时成为采样点。在路径点扩展过程中,使非目标采样点的扩展结点位置偏向于目标点的方向,从而增强算法在随机采样与扩展过程中的目标搜索能力。为解决水下路径规划过程中存在过多无效搜索空间的问题,在随机采样过程中引入启发式采样策略,构建包含所有初始路径的采样空间子集,减小采样空间范围,从而提高算法的空间搜索效率。针对AUV在水下环境中抗洋流扰动能力不足的问题,采用速度矢量合成法,使AUV速度矢量与洋流速度矢量合成后指向期望路径的方向,从而抵消水流的影响。在山峰地形中叠加多个Lamb涡流模拟水下流场环境,进行多次仿真实验。实验结果表明:改进启发式RRT算法解决了采样过程中随机性问题,显著缩小了搜索空间,兼顾了路径的安全性与平滑性,并使AUV具有良好的抗洋流扰动能力。展开更多
为了解决RRT^(*)(rapidly-exploring random tree star)算法在搜索过程中速度低下和冗余节点过多,路径代价等问题,在RRT^(*)算法的基础上提出一种A-RRT^(*)算法,A-RRT^(*)算法通过融合A^(*)算法中的代价函数和使用了动态步长策略有效缩...为了解决RRT^(*)(rapidly-exploring random tree star)算法在搜索过程中速度低下和冗余节点过多,路径代价等问题,在RRT^(*)算法的基础上提出一种A-RRT^(*)算法,A-RRT^(*)算法通过融合A^(*)算法中的代价函数和使用了动态步长策略有效缩短了路径长度提升路径质量,改进剪枝策略减少了树搜索的冗余节点。根据算法在简单、复杂和密集环境下的仿真结果显示,在密集环境下A-RRT^(*)算法的无效冗余节点剪除94.29%、内存缩减了94.29%、搜索时间提高了96.28%、迭代次数缩减了91.49%、路径距离缩短了10.18%。为了防止生成的路径不平整而使机械臂在运行中造成损伤,利用了三次B样条对路径进行了优化,通过三维机械臂仿真也可得出优化后的路径更加平滑,减少了机械臂在运行过程中的关节波动,更有利于机械臂的运行,进一步验证了算法在机械臂运行中的有效性。展开更多
基金supported in part by 14th Five Year National Key R&D Program Project(Project Number:2023YFB3211001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273339,U24A201397).
文摘Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)and its variants have become foundational in path-planning research,yet in complex three-dimensional off-road environments their uniform blind sampling and limited safety guarantees lead to slow convergence and force an unfavorable trade-off between path quality and traversal safety.To address these challenges,we introduce HS-APF-RRT*,a novel algorithm that fuses layered sampling,an enhanced Artificial Potential Field(APF),and a dynamic neighborhood-expansion mechanism.First,the workspace is hierarchically partitioned into macro,meso,and micro sampling layers,progressively biasing random samples toward safer,lower-energy regions.Second,we augment the traditional APF by incorporating a slope-dependent repulsive term,enabling stronger avoidance of steep obstacles.Third,a dynamic expansion strategy adaptively switches between 8 and 16 connected neighborhoods based on local obstacle density,striking an effective balance between search efficiency and collision-avoidance precision.In simulated off-road scenarios,HS-APF-RRT*is benchmarked against RRT*,GoalBiased RRT*,and APF-RRT*,and demonstrates significantly faster convergence,lower path-energy consumption,and enhanced safety margins.
文摘针对复杂水下环境中水下自主航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle,AUV)路径规划问题,提出一种改进启发式快速随机扩展树(rapidly-exploring random trees,RRT)的路径规划算法。针对路径点采样过程中缺乏目标导向性的问题,采用目标点概率偏置采样策略与目标偏向扩展策略,可使目标节点在随机采样时成为采样点。在路径点扩展过程中,使非目标采样点的扩展结点位置偏向于目标点的方向,从而增强算法在随机采样与扩展过程中的目标搜索能力。为解决水下路径规划过程中存在过多无效搜索空间的问题,在随机采样过程中引入启发式采样策略,构建包含所有初始路径的采样空间子集,减小采样空间范围,从而提高算法的空间搜索效率。针对AUV在水下环境中抗洋流扰动能力不足的问题,采用速度矢量合成法,使AUV速度矢量与洋流速度矢量合成后指向期望路径的方向,从而抵消水流的影响。在山峰地形中叠加多个Lamb涡流模拟水下流场环境,进行多次仿真实验。实验结果表明:改进启发式RRT算法解决了采样过程中随机性问题,显著缩小了搜索空间,兼顾了路径的安全性与平滑性,并使AUV具有良好的抗洋流扰动能力。
文摘为了解决RRT^(*)(rapidly-exploring random tree star)算法在搜索过程中速度低下和冗余节点过多,路径代价等问题,在RRT^(*)算法的基础上提出一种A-RRT^(*)算法,A-RRT^(*)算法通过融合A^(*)算法中的代价函数和使用了动态步长策略有效缩短了路径长度提升路径质量,改进剪枝策略减少了树搜索的冗余节点。根据算法在简单、复杂和密集环境下的仿真结果显示,在密集环境下A-RRT^(*)算法的无效冗余节点剪除94.29%、内存缩减了94.29%、搜索时间提高了96.28%、迭代次数缩减了91.49%、路径距离缩短了10.18%。为了防止生成的路径不平整而使机械臂在运行中造成损伤,利用了三次B样条对路径进行了优化,通过三维机械臂仿真也可得出优化后的路径更加平滑,减少了机械臂在运行过程中的关节波动,更有利于机械臂的运行,进一步验证了算法在机械臂运行中的有效性。
