CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrolyzers based on gas diffusion electrode(GDE)enable the direct mass transfer of CO_(2)to the catalyst surface for participation in the reaction,thereby establishing an efficient...CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrolyzers based on gas diffusion electrode(GDE)enable the direct mass transfer of CO_(2)to the catalyst surface for participation in the reaction,thereby establishing an efficient three-phase reaction interface that significantly enhances current density.However,current hydrophobic modification methods face difficulties in achieving precise and substantial control over wettability,and the hydrophobic modifiers tend to significantly impair the conductivity of the electrode and ion transport capabilities.This study employs Nafion ionomers to hydrophobically modify the threedimensional catalyst layer,revealing the bifunctionality of Nafion.The fluorinated backbone of Nafion ensures the hydrophobicity of the entire catalyst layer,while its sulfonic acid groups promote ion transport,without significantly affecting the conductivity of the electrode.Furthermore,by employing modifiers with distinct wettability characteristics,a highly efficient and large-scale manipulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the catalyst layer was successfully realized.The electrode,constructed with silver nanopowder as a representative catalyst and modified with the hydrophobic ionomer Nafion,exhibits a substantial enhancement in both catalytic activity and durability.The optimized electrode exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic performance in both flow cell and membrane electrode assembly(MEA)configurations.Notably,in the MEA,the electrode achieved a remarkable CO Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 93.3%at a total current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),while maintaining stable operation for over 62 h.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to form high-energy-density and high-value-added multicarbon products has attracted much attention.Selective reduction of CO_(2)to C^(2+)products face the problems of low r...Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to form high-energy-density and high-value-added multicarbon products has attracted much attention.Selective reduction of CO_(2)to C^(2+)products face the problems of low reaction rate,complex mechanism and low selectivity.Currently,except for a few examples,copper-based catalysts are the only option capable of achieving efficient generation of C^(2+)products.However,the continuous dynamic reconstruction of the catalyst causes great difficulty in understanding the structure-performance relationship of CO_(2)RR.In this review,we first discuss the mechanism of C^(2+)product generation.The structural factors promoting C^(2+)product generation are outlined,and the dynamic evolution of these structural factors is discussed.Furthermore,the effects of electrolyte and electrolysis conditions are reviewed in a vision of dynamic surface.Finally,further exploration of the reconstruction mechanism of Cu-based catalysts and the application of emerging robotic AI chemists are discussed.展开更多
夕阳下的山道弯角,一道橘色魅影划破空气,车身以不可思议的角度侧倾入弯,V型双缸的咆哮在峡谷间回荡。这不是一辆温顺的街车,它以近乎反常的姿态流畅掠过弯心。KTM 1290 SUPER DUKE RR,一台以“超级公爵”为名的限量猛兽,正用180kg的轻...夕阳下的山道弯角,一道橘色魅影划破空气,车身以不可思议的角度侧倾入弯,V型双缸的咆哮在峡谷间回荡。这不是一辆温顺的街车,它以近乎反常的姿态流畅掠过弯心。KTM 1290 SUPER DUKE RR,一台以“超级公爵”为名的限量猛兽,正用180kg的轻盈躯体与132k W的狂暴内心,书写着公升级街车操控哲学的新篇章。展开更多
We present the results of a time-resolved photometric and time-series analysis of an RR Lyrae type star RR Gem. The main results are as follows: we found RR Gem’s pulsation period, 0.39689 d, and its V and I mean mag...We present the results of a time-resolved photometric and time-series analysis of an RR Lyrae type star RR Gem. The main results are as follows: we found RR Gem’s pulsation period, 0.39689 d, and its V and I mean magnitudes, 11.277(V) and 11.063(I) mag respectively. We confirm its variability type as RRab/BL because it manifests the Blazhko effect, and it also exhibits asymmetric light curves(steep ascending branches), periods from 0.3 to 1.0 d and amplitudes from 0.3 to 2 mag in V. They are fundamental mode pulsators.展开更多
Ammonia(NH3)is a cornerstone widely used in the modern agriculture and industry,the annual global production gradually increases to almost 200 million tons.Nearly 80%of the produced NH3 is used in the fertilizer indus...Ammonia(NH3)is a cornerstone widely used in the modern agriculture and industry,the annual global production gradually increases to almost 200 million tons.Nearly 80%of the produced NH3 is used in the fertilizer industry and is essential for the development of global agriculture and consequently for maintaining population growth.Furthermore,NH3 can power hydrogen(H2)fueled devices,such as H2 fuel cells(FC),to use the interconversion between chemical energy and electric energy of nitrogen(N2)cycle,which can effectively alleviate the intermittent problems of renewable energy.However,the problems faced by NH3 in storage and release still restrict its development.Herein,this review introduces the latest research and development of electrochemical NH3 synthesis and direct NH3 FC,as well as outlines the technical challenges,possible improvement measures and development perspectives.N2 reduction reaction(NRR)and nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)are two potential approaches for electrochemical NH3 synthesis.However,the existing research foundation still faces challenges in achieving high selectivity and efficiency.Direct NH3 FC are easy to transport and are expected to be widely used in mobile energy consuming equipment,but also limited by the lack of highly active and stable NH3 oxidation electrocatalysts.The perspectives of ammonia fuel cells as an alternative green energy are discussed.展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1507902,2021YFA1500804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22121004,22038009,22250008)+2 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(CYZC202107)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,China(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize,China,for their financial support。
文摘CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrolyzers based on gas diffusion electrode(GDE)enable the direct mass transfer of CO_(2)to the catalyst surface for participation in the reaction,thereby establishing an efficient three-phase reaction interface that significantly enhances current density.However,current hydrophobic modification methods face difficulties in achieving precise and substantial control over wettability,and the hydrophobic modifiers tend to significantly impair the conductivity of the electrode and ion transport capabilities.This study employs Nafion ionomers to hydrophobically modify the threedimensional catalyst layer,revealing the bifunctionality of Nafion.The fluorinated backbone of Nafion ensures the hydrophobicity of the entire catalyst layer,while its sulfonic acid groups promote ion transport,without significantly affecting the conductivity of the electrode.Furthermore,by employing modifiers with distinct wettability characteristics,a highly efficient and large-scale manipulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the catalyst layer was successfully realized.The electrode,constructed with silver nanopowder as a representative catalyst and modified with the hydrophobic ionomer Nafion,exhibits a substantial enhancement in both catalytic activity and durability.The optimized electrode exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic performance in both flow cell and membrane electrode assembly(MEA)configurations.Notably,in the MEA,the electrode achieved a remarkable CO Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 93.3%at a total current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),while maintaining stable operation for over 62 h.
文摘Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to form high-energy-density and high-value-added multicarbon products has attracted much attention.Selective reduction of CO_(2)to C^(2+)products face the problems of low reaction rate,complex mechanism and low selectivity.Currently,except for a few examples,copper-based catalysts are the only option capable of achieving efficient generation of C^(2+)products.However,the continuous dynamic reconstruction of the catalyst causes great difficulty in understanding the structure-performance relationship of CO_(2)RR.In this review,we first discuss the mechanism of C^(2+)product generation.The structural factors promoting C^(2+)product generation are outlined,and the dynamic evolution of these structural factors is discussed.Furthermore,the effects of electrolyte and electrolysis conditions are reviewed in a vision of dynamic surface.Finally,further exploration of the reconstruction mechanism of Cu-based catalysts and the application of emerging robotic AI chemists are discussed.
文摘夕阳下的山道弯角,一道橘色魅影划破空气,车身以不可思议的角度侧倾入弯,V型双缸的咆哮在峡谷间回荡。这不是一辆温顺的街车,它以近乎反常的姿态流畅掠过弯心。KTM 1290 SUPER DUKE RR,一台以“超级公爵”为名的限量猛兽,正用180kg的轻盈躯体与132k W的狂暴内心,书写着公升级街车操控哲学的新篇章。
文摘We present the results of a time-resolved photometric and time-series analysis of an RR Lyrae type star RR Gem. The main results are as follows: we found RR Gem’s pulsation period, 0.39689 d, and its V and I mean magnitudes, 11.277(V) and 11.063(I) mag respectively. We confirm its variability type as RRab/BL because it manifests the Blazhko effect, and it also exhibits asymmetric light curves(steep ascending branches), periods from 0.3 to 1.0 d and amplitudes from 0.3 to 2 mag in V. They are fundamental mode pulsators.
基金support from Suzhou Foreign Academician Workstation(SWY2021002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22202144)Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material,and Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Ammonia(NH3)is a cornerstone widely used in the modern agriculture and industry,the annual global production gradually increases to almost 200 million tons.Nearly 80%of the produced NH3 is used in the fertilizer industry and is essential for the development of global agriculture and consequently for maintaining population growth.Furthermore,NH3 can power hydrogen(H2)fueled devices,such as H2 fuel cells(FC),to use the interconversion between chemical energy and electric energy of nitrogen(N2)cycle,which can effectively alleviate the intermittent problems of renewable energy.However,the problems faced by NH3 in storage and release still restrict its development.Herein,this review introduces the latest research and development of electrochemical NH3 synthesis and direct NH3 FC,as well as outlines the technical challenges,possible improvement measures and development perspectives.N2 reduction reaction(NRR)and nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)are two potential approaches for electrochemical NH3 synthesis.However,the existing research foundation still faces challenges in achieving high selectivity and efficiency.Direct NH3 FC are easy to transport and are expected to be widely used in mobile energy consuming equipment,but also limited by the lack of highly active and stable NH3 oxidation electrocatalysts.The perspectives of ammonia fuel cells as an alternative green energy are discussed.
