Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity.However,the regulatory mechanisms t...Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity.However,the regulatory mechanisms that ensure robust broad-spectrum plant immunity remain largely unknown.Here,we reveal that the transcription factor WRKY8 has a dual role in the transcriptional regulation of PRR genes:repressing expression of the nlp20/nlp24 receptor gene RLP23 while promoting that of the chitin receptor gene CERK1.SsNLP1 and SsNLP2,two nlp24-type PAMPs from the destructive fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,activate two calcium-elicited kinases,CPK4 and CPK11,which phosphorylate WRKY8 and thus release its inhibition on RLP23 to promote accumulation of RLP23 transcripts.Meanwhile,SsNLPs activate the RLCK-type kinase PBL19,which phosphorylates WRKY8 and thus enhances accumulation of CERK1 transcripts.Intriguingly,RLP23 is repressed at later stage by PBL19-mediated phosphorylation of WRKY8,thus avoiding excessive immunity and enabling normal growth.Our findings unveil a plant strategy of“killing two birds with one stone”to elicit robust broad-spectrum immunity.This strategy is based on PAMP-triggered fine-tuning of a dual-role transcription factor to simultaneously amplify two PRRs that recognize PAMPs conserved across a wide range of pathogens.Moreover,our results reveal a novel plant strategy for balancing the trade-off between growth and immunity by fine-tuning the expression of multiple PRR genes.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.31871947)Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(no.2021C02064)+1 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(no.324CXTD430)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(no.LZ18C140002).
文摘Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity.However,the regulatory mechanisms that ensure robust broad-spectrum plant immunity remain largely unknown.Here,we reveal that the transcription factor WRKY8 has a dual role in the transcriptional regulation of PRR genes:repressing expression of the nlp20/nlp24 receptor gene RLP23 while promoting that of the chitin receptor gene CERK1.SsNLP1 and SsNLP2,two nlp24-type PAMPs from the destructive fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,activate two calcium-elicited kinases,CPK4 and CPK11,which phosphorylate WRKY8 and thus release its inhibition on RLP23 to promote accumulation of RLP23 transcripts.Meanwhile,SsNLPs activate the RLCK-type kinase PBL19,which phosphorylates WRKY8 and thus enhances accumulation of CERK1 transcripts.Intriguingly,RLP23 is repressed at later stage by PBL19-mediated phosphorylation of WRKY8,thus avoiding excessive immunity and enabling normal growth.Our findings unveil a plant strategy of“killing two birds with one stone”to elicit robust broad-spectrum immunity.This strategy is based on PAMP-triggered fine-tuning of a dual-role transcription factor to simultaneously amplify two PRRs that recognize PAMPs conserved across a wide range of pathogens.Moreover,our results reveal a novel plant strategy for balancing the trade-off between growth and immunity by fine-tuning the expression of multiple PRR genes.
