AIM To evaluate the National Cancer Institute(NCI)Colorectal Cancer(CRC)Risk Assessment Tool as a predictor for the presence of adenomatous polyps(AP) found during screening or surveillance colonoscopy.METHODS This is...AIM To evaluate the National Cancer Institute(NCI)Colorectal Cancer(CRC)Risk Assessment Tool as a predictor for the presence of adenomatous polyps(AP) found during screening or surveillance colonoscopy.METHODS This is a retrospective single center observational study.We collected data of adenomatous polyps in each colonoscopy and then evaluated the lifetime CRC risk.We calculated the AP prevalence across risk score quintiles,odds ratios of the prevalence of AP across risk score quintiles,area under curves(AUCs)and Youden’s indexes to assess the optimal risk score cut off value for AP prevalence status.RESULTS The prevalence of AP gradually increased throughout the five risk score quintiles:i.e.,27.63%in the first and 51.35%in the fifth quintile.The odd ratios of AP prevalence in the fifth quintile compared to the first and second quintile were 2.76[confidence interval(CI):1.71-4.47]and 2.09(CI:1.32-3.30).The AUC for all patients was 0.62(CI:0.58-0.66).Youden’s Index indicated the optimal risk score cutoff value discriminating AP prevalence status was 3.60.CONCLUSION Patients with the higher NCI risk score have higher risk of AP and subsequent CRC;therefore,measures to increase the effectiveness of CRC detection in these patients include longer withdrawal time,early surveillance colonoscopy,and choosing flexible colonoscopy over other CRC screening modalities.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a devastating malignancy with fewer than 10%of patients being alive at 5 years after diagnosis.Venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurs in approximatively 20%of patients with PC,resulting in increased...Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a devastating malignancy with fewer than 10%of patients being alive at 5 years after diagnosis.Venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurs in approximatively 20%of patients with PC,resulting in increased morbidity,mortality and significant health care costs.The management of VTE is particularly challenging in these frail patients.Adequate selection of the most appropriate anticoagulant for each individual patient according to the current international guidelines is warranted for overcoming treatment challenges.The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer multi-language web-based mobile application(downloadable for free at www.itaccme.com)has been developed to help clinicians in decision making in the most complex situations.In this narrative review,we will discuss the contemporary epidemiology and burden of VTE in PC patients,the performances and limitations of current risk assessment models to predict the risk of VTE,as well as evidence from recent clinical trials for the primary prophylaxis and treatment of cancer-associated VTE that support updated clinical practice guidelines.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>There is no extensive literature on social predictors of self-harm in the juvenile justice system, over the time of a prisoner’s sentence. Self-harm behavior displays a higher...<strong>Background: </strong>There is no extensive literature on social predictors of self-harm in the juvenile justice system, over the time of a prisoner’s sentence. Self-harm behavior displays a higher prevalence in prison, 11 to 14 times greater than in the general population. Our study extended the current research in self-harm by examining dynamic factors of self-harm in adolescents over their sentence in the Romanian juvenile prison system. <strong>Method: </strong>The present research examined longitudinal predictors of self-harm behaviors in 439 adolescent inmates (Mage = 16.21;5.2% female, 94.8% male), enrolled in prison during 2011-2012, following them for two years. A series of time-to-event analyses were applied to start from the time of the subject’s internment in the juvenile prison system. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings from the multivariate survival analyses show that adherence to self-harm conduct in prison was consistently influenced by family factors and prison contexts;although low ability to cope with frustration, sensitivity and emotion dysregulation also mattered. Keeping the other covariates invariant, serving a prison sentence in a closed regime reduces the probability of remaining free of self-harm events, increasing the monthly hazard of self-harm by a factor of 5.26 on average (HR = 5.26, 95% CI = 2.37 - 11.64) compared to the open regime. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A greater focus on longitudinal studies may help improve the screening process and also follow the progress of each juvenile to warrant the efficacy of preventive programs in self-harm, according to their emerging needs.展开更多
Manufactured nanomaterials are expected to enter the environment due to the increasing number of productions which results in anthropological discharges coming from different effluents and seepages.This event poses po...Manufactured nanomaterials are expected to enter the environment due to the increasing number of productions which results in anthropological discharges coming from different effluents and seepages.This event poses potential threat to the environment especially in the aquatic systems.TiO2(titanium dioxide)and AgNPs(silver nanoparticles)have significant potential in antibacterial and antiparasitic applications,but despite their significant potential,the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles such as TiO2 and AgNPs restricts their use especially in humans due to their toxicity.In this study,the behavior and toxicity of TiO2 and AgNPs were investigated in aquatic system using Artemia franciscana nauplii and Daphnia magna.Nauplii and Daphnia were exposed to TiO2 and AgNP dispersions at different concentrations.The mortality rates of the nauplii and daphnia were monitored at 6,24,and 48 h after its exposure.Saltwater results showed that AgNP is highly toxic to the test organisms while TiO2 was non-toxic after 48 h of exposure.For freshwater,100%mortality rate on neonates was obtained from the AgNPs dispersion during the first 6 h of exposure while the mortality rate in TiO2 dispersion was 85%at 100 ppm after 48 h of exposure.展开更多
Background: Research suggests that a small number of persistent violent offenders are responsible for a majority of prison violence and tend to behave violently to a disproportionate amount. However, literature on pat...Background: Research suggests that a small number of persistent violent offenders are responsible for a majority of prison violence and tend to behave violently to a disproportionate amount. However, literature on patterns of violence in juvenile prisoners is limited. Method: In order to explore how subjects engage in violence while incarcerated in the juvenile prison system, the authors will examine both proximal and distal predictors of violent behavior among juveniles in custody. This study adds to the current empirical research by longitudinally examining dynamic risk factors of recurrent violent behavior across a population of juvenile prisoners (Mage = 16.21;94.8% male) in custody in the Romanian juvenile justice system, starting from their entry date until the end of the follow-up period (Me = 2 years). Results: Results from a series of repeated aggressive events survival analyses show evidence of a long-term deleterious association between pre-incarceration risk factors and poor developmental trajectory associated with violence. Adherence to destructive conduct in prison was consistently influenced by low ability to cope with the prison environment, although education level and family factors also mattered. Implications for prison professionals and forensic practitioners are presented. Conclusion: Recurring aggressive behavior is frequent for individuals who experience complex adverse experiences during childhood, suggesting that screening youths upon their admission into juvenile justice settings should include an assessment of their basic self-regulation needs. A greater focus on longitudinal studies may help improve the screening process and also follow the progress of each juvenile to warrant the efficacy of preventive programs in self-harm, according to their emerging needs.展开更多
Herbicide tolerant plants such as Roundup-Ready soybean contain residues of glyphosate herbicide. These residues are considered safe and previous animal-feeding-studies have failed to find negative effects related to ...Herbicide tolerant plants such as Roundup-Ready soybean contain residues of glyphosate herbicide. These residues are considered safe and previous animal-feeding-studies have failed to find negative effects related to such chemical residues. The present study tests 8 experimental soy- meal diets as feed in groups (each containing 20 individuals) of test-animals (D. magna). The diets have different levels of glyphosate residues and we show that animal growth, reproductive maturity and number of offspring are correlated with these chemicals. The tested soybeans are from ordinary agriculture in Iowa USA and the residues are below the regulatory limits. Despite this, clear negative effects are seen in life-long feeding. The work enhances the need for including analysis of herbicide residues in future assessment of GMO.展开更多
Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),swine vesicular disease virus(SVDV)and classical swine fever virus(CSFV)all cause important animal diseases.FMDV affects many different cloven-hoofed animals,whereas SVDV and CSFV ar...Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),swine vesicular disease virus(SVDV)and classical swine fever virus(CSFV)all cause important animal diseases.FMDV affects many different cloven-hoofed animals,whereas SVDV and CSFV are restricted to domestic and feral pigs together with wild boar.Europe is normally free of these diseases,but occasionally outbreaks happen,which can cause huge economic losses.Handling of these viruses,in particular FMDV and CSFV,is only allowed within high containment laboratories and stables.Periodically such facilities need to be decommissioned for repair or closing down,which is done by cleaning and chemical disinfection,followed by fumigation due to residual risk from virus on surfaces in inaccessible places.However,building materials in older laboratories or stables that have housed infected animals may not be well-suited for fumigation.Heat treatment is another way of inactivating viruses.In this study,we have determined the survival of infectivity in air-dried virus samples on glass and plastic surfaces incubated at room temperature or heated to 70°C for 1,2,3,5 and 7 days.Each of the tested viruses was inactivated to below the limit of detection after 24 h or 48 h of incubation at 70°C;in contrast,some of these viruses were still infectious after 7 days of incubation at room temperature.This study provides important information that can be used in relation to decontamination of buildings and in risk-assessments.展开更多
文摘AIM To evaluate the National Cancer Institute(NCI)Colorectal Cancer(CRC)Risk Assessment Tool as a predictor for the presence of adenomatous polyps(AP) found during screening or surveillance colonoscopy.METHODS This is a retrospective single center observational study.We collected data of adenomatous polyps in each colonoscopy and then evaluated the lifetime CRC risk.We calculated the AP prevalence across risk score quintiles,odds ratios of the prevalence of AP across risk score quintiles,area under curves(AUCs)and Youden’s indexes to assess the optimal risk score cut off value for AP prevalence status.RESULTS The prevalence of AP gradually increased throughout the five risk score quintiles:i.e.,27.63%in the first and 51.35%in the fifth quintile.The odd ratios of AP prevalence in the fifth quintile compared to the first and second quintile were 2.76[confidence interval(CI):1.71-4.47]and 2.09(CI:1.32-3.30).The AUC for all patients was 0.62(CI:0.58-0.66).Youden’s Index indicated the optimal risk score cutoff value discriminating AP prevalence status was 3.60.CONCLUSION Patients with the higher NCI risk score have higher risk of AP and subsequent CRC;therefore,measures to increase the effectiveness of CRC detection in these patients include longer withdrawal time,early surveillance colonoscopy,and choosing flexible colonoscopy over other CRC screening modalities.
文摘Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a devastating malignancy with fewer than 10%of patients being alive at 5 years after diagnosis.Venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurs in approximatively 20%of patients with PC,resulting in increased morbidity,mortality and significant health care costs.The management of VTE is particularly challenging in these frail patients.Adequate selection of the most appropriate anticoagulant for each individual patient according to the current international guidelines is warranted for overcoming treatment challenges.The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer multi-language web-based mobile application(downloadable for free at www.itaccme.com)has been developed to help clinicians in decision making in the most complex situations.In this narrative review,we will discuss the contemporary epidemiology and burden of VTE in PC patients,the performances and limitations of current risk assessment models to predict the risk of VTE,as well as evidence from recent clinical trials for the primary prophylaxis and treatment of cancer-associated VTE that support updated clinical practice guidelines.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>There is no extensive literature on social predictors of self-harm in the juvenile justice system, over the time of a prisoner’s sentence. Self-harm behavior displays a higher prevalence in prison, 11 to 14 times greater than in the general population. Our study extended the current research in self-harm by examining dynamic factors of self-harm in adolescents over their sentence in the Romanian juvenile prison system. <strong>Method: </strong>The present research examined longitudinal predictors of self-harm behaviors in 439 adolescent inmates (Mage = 16.21;5.2% female, 94.8% male), enrolled in prison during 2011-2012, following them for two years. A series of time-to-event analyses were applied to start from the time of the subject’s internment in the juvenile prison system. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings from the multivariate survival analyses show that adherence to self-harm conduct in prison was consistently influenced by family factors and prison contexts;although low ability to cope with frustration, sensitivity and emotion dysregulation also mattered. Keeping the other covariates invariant, serving a prison sentence in a closed regime reduces the probability of remaining free of self-harm events, increasing the monthly hazard of self-harm by a factor of 5.26 on average (HR = 5.26, 95% CI = 2.37 - 11.64) compared to the open regime. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A greater focus on longitudinal studies may help improve the screening process and also follow the progress of each juvenile to warrant the efficacy of preventive programs in self-harm, according to their emerging needs.
文摘Manufactured nanomaterials are expected to enter the environment due to the increasing number of productions which results in anthropological discharges coming from different effluents and seepages.This event poses potential threat to the environment especially in the aquatic systems.TiO2(titanium dioxide)and AgNPs(silver nanoparticles)have significant potential in antibacterial and antiparasitic applications,but despite their significant potential,the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles such as TiO2 and AgNPs restricts their use especially in humans due to their toxicity.In this study,the behavior and toxicity of TiO2 and AgNPs were investigated in aquatic system using Artemia franciscana nauplii and Daphnia magna.Nauplii and Daphnia were exposed to TiO2 and AgNP dispersions at different concentrations.The mortality rates of the nauplii and daphnia were monitored at 6,24,and 48 h after its exposure.Saltwater results showed that AgNP is highly toxic to the test organisms while TiO2 was non-toxic after 48 h of exposure.For freshwater,100%mortality rate on neonates was obtained from the AgNPs dispersion during the first 6 h of exposure while the mortality rate in TiO2 dispersion was 85%at 100 ppm after 48 h of exposure.
文摘Background: Research suggests that a small number of persistent violent offenders are responsible for a majority of prison violence and tend to behave violently to a disproportionate amount. However, literature on patterns of violence in juvenile prisoners is limited. Method: In order to explore how subjects engage in violence while incarcerated in the juvenile prison system, the authors will examine both proximal and distal predictors of violent behavior among juveniles in custody. This study adds to the current empirical research by longitudinally examining dynamic risk factors of recurrent violent behavior across a population of juvenile prisoners (Mage = 16.21;94.8% male) in custody in the Romanian juvenile justice system, starting from their entry date until the end of the follow-up period (Me = 2 years). Results: Results from a series of repeated aggressive events survival analyses show evidence of a long-term deleterious association between pre-incarceration risk factors and poor developmental trajectory associated with violence. Adherence to destructive conduct in prison was consistently influenced by low ability to cope with the prison environment, although education level and family factors also mattered. Implications for prison professionals and forensic practitioners are presented. Conclusion: Recurring aggressive behavior is frequent for individuals who experience complex adverse experiences during childhood, suggesting that screening youths upon their admission into juvenile justice settings should include an assessment of their basic self-regulation needs. A greater focus on longitudinal studies may help improve the screening process and also follow the progress of each juvenile to warrant the efficacy of preventive programs in self-harm, according to their emerging needs.
文摘Herbicide tolerant plants such as Roundup-Ready soybean contain residues of glyphosate herbicide. These residues are considered safe and previous animal-feeding-studies have failed to find negative effects related to such chemical residues. The present study tests 8 experimental soy- meal diets as feed in groups (each containing 20 individuals) of test-animals (D. magna). The diets have different levels of glyphosate residues and we show that animal growth, reproductive maturity and number of offspring are correlated with these chemicals. The tested soybeans are from ordinary agriculture in Iowa USA and the residues are below the regulatory limits. Despite this, clear negative effects are seen in life-long feeding. The work enhances the need for including analysis of herbicide residues in future assessment of GMO.
文摘Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),swine vesicular disease virus(SVDV)and classical swine fever virus(CSFV)all cause important animal diseases.FMDV affects many different cloven-hoofed animals,whereas SVDV and CSFV are restricted to domestic and feral pigs together with wild boar.Europe is normally free of these diseases,but occasionally outbreaks happen,which can cause huge economic losses.Handling of these viruses,in particular FMDV and CSFV,is only allowed within high containment laboratories and stables.Periodically such facilities need to be decommissioned for repair or closing down,which is done by cleaning and chemical disinfection,followed by fumigation due to residual risk from virus on surfaces in inaccessible places.However,building materials in older laboratories or stables that have housed infected animals may not be well-suited for fumigation.Heat treatment is another way of inactivating viruses.In this study,we have determined the survival of infectivity in air-dried virus samples on glass and plastic surfaces incubated at room temperature or heated to 70°C for 1,2,3,5 and 7 days.Each of the tested viruses was inactivated to below the limit of detection after 24 h or 48 h of incubation at 70°C;in contrast,some of these viruses were still infectious after 7 days of incubation at room temperature.This study provides important information that can be used in relation to decontamination of buildings and in risk-assessments.
