The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)s...The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)storage potentials.It involves the modelling of the reservoir depths,thicknesses,flow zone indicators(FZI),and effective permeability(Keff)and presenting the CO_(2)storage efficiency factors peculiar to the rock units of the study location.Research results presented by this study for the stated objectives are not quite common in the region.Keff values range from 200 mD to higher than 2000 mD,and FZI values are generally above 1.0 mm and up to 13.0 mm within the portions covered by the drilled wells.The sandstone units recorded are up to 20 m thick in some cases.The Keff and FZI models indicate the sandstone reservoirs as permeable units to support the injection and circulation of CO_(2)within the potential reservoir units of the Rio Bonio Formation across São Paulo State.Apart from some points in the southeastern part of the study location,where the Rio Bonito are delineated at depths less than 800 m(minimum CO_(2)storage depth based on best practices),other portions are deeper,ranging from 950 m to 3500 m.Thin-bedded layers will affect the integrity of the rocks as CO_(2)storage tanks or reservoir seals/traps/overburden within the region.Sandstone bed thicknesses are up to 20 m in some cases.However,hybrid CO_(2)reservoir units are feasible,especially in portions where thin siltstone layers are sandwiched between sandstone units to provide considerable thicknesses based on CO_(2)storage standards.The current study shows that useable areas considering reservoir thickness,depth,and other physical qualities will significantly control the CO_(2)storage efficiency of the study location.Further studies featuring a detailed geophysical exploration of the site to confirm the availability and saturations of preexisting fluid(hydrocarbon and water)are encouraged to boost CO_(2)storage in the region.The related research-based results,as mentioned above,may be combined with the results of this research to determine the area's potentials for CO_(2)storage or hydrocarbon production with CO_(2)storage options.展开更多
São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture an...São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture and storage(BECCS)activities.The current study presents the hydrocarbon viability evaluations and CO_(2)storage prospects,focusing on the sandstone units of the Rio Bonito Formation.The objective is to apply petrophysical evaluations with geochemical inputs in predicting future hydrocarbon(gas)production to boost CO_(2)storage within the study location.The study used data from eleven wells with associated wireline logs(gamma ray,resistivity,density,neutron,and sonic)to predict potential hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid mobility in the investigated area.Rock samples(shale and carbonate)obtained from depths>200 m within the study location have shown bitumen presence.Organic geochemistry data of the Rio Bonito Formation shale beds suggest they are potential hydrocarbon source rocks and could have contributed to the gas accumulations within the sandstone units.Some drilled well data,e.g.,CB-1-SP and TI-1-SP,show hydrocarbon(gas)presence based on the typical resistivity and the combined neutron-density responses at depths up to 3400 m,indicating the possibility of other hydrocarbon members apart from the heavy oil(bitumen)observed from the near-surface rocks samples.From the three-dimensional(3-D)model,the free fluid indicator(FFI)is more significant towards the southwest and southeast of the area with deeper depths of occurrence,indicating portions with reasonable hydrocarbon recovery rates and good prospects for CO_(2)injection,circulation and permanent storage.However,future studies based on contemporary datasets are required to establish the hydrocarbon viability further,foster gas production events,and enhance CO_(2)storage possibilities within the region.展开更多
以NI my RIO1900、L298N电机驱动模块、编码器调速电机为硬件平台,NI Labview图形化编程语言为软件平台,构建编码调速数据采集系统,实现利用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)调节编码器电机的转速,将电机的转速转换为频率。验证磁性霍尔效应编码器A、...以NI my RIO1900、L298N电机驱动模块、编码器调速电机为硬件平台,NI Labview图形化编程语言为软件平台,构建编码调速数据采集系统,实现利用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)调节编码器电机的转速,将电机的转速转换为频率。验证磁性霍尔效应编码器A、B相产生正交相位信号的原理,电机正传时,A相脉冲信号超前B相脉冲信号90°,电机反转时,A相脉冲信号滞后B相脉冲信号90°。得到了脉冲宽度调制信号的占空比、频率与电机转速的关系。实现可视的操作界面。展开更多
It is generally expected that the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring health and social benefits to their host city and to Brazil. This assumption comes from “common sense”, as a logical conc...It is generally expected that the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring health and social benefits to their host city and to Brazil. This assumption comes from “common sense”, as a logical conclusion arising from the fact that host cities “inspire” and stimulate lifestyle changes. Benefits are also expected on tourism, self-image, architecture and the economy of the country as a whole. But are these expectations real and evidence-based? What parts of these “facts” are concrete and which ones are not? This paper suggests available ways of quantifying positive effects of hosting an Olympic Game, and puts the focus of this approach on the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games and their true legacy, seeking scientific certainties.展开更多
鉴于区分网络中的标记算法和队列管理对服务公平性有很大影响,进行了基于增强型动态RIO(Enhanced Dynamic RED with In/Out bit,EDRIO)的确保服务下公平性的改进研究.首先从同构聚集流下的不同大小分组来分析各个分组间的公平性,然后从...鉴于区分网络中的标记算法和队列管理对服务公平性有很大影响,进行了基于增强型动态RIO(Enhanced Dynamic RED with In/Out bit,EDRIO)的确保服务下公平性的改进研究.首先从同构聚集流下的不同大小分组来分析各个分组间的公平性,然后从不同聚集流分配不同带宽来研究异构下的公平性.最后从数据包大小、目标速率及聚集流中包含的单流数量等进行性能仿真.实验结果表明,无论在同构还是异构下,基于EDRIO聚集流之间的公平性都比RIO和动态RIO聚集流之间的公平性好,而且该算法具有很好的扩展性.展开更多
基金sponsored by Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)(2014/50279-4,2020/15230-5,2021/06158-1)Shell Brasil.
文摘The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)storage potentials.It involves the modelling of the reservoir depths,thicknesses,flow zone indicators(FZI),and effective permeability(Keff)and presenting the CO_(2)storage efficiency factors peculiar to the rock units of the study location.Research results presented by this study for the stated objectives are not quite common in the region.Keff values range from 200 mD to higher than 2000 mD,and FZI values are generally above 1.0 mm and up to 13.0 mm within the portions covered by the drilled wells.The sandstone units recorded are up to 20 m thick in some cases.The Keff and FZI models indicate the sandstone reservoirs as permeable units to support the injection and circulation of CO_(2)within the potential reservoir units of the Rio Bonio Formation across São Paulo State.Apart from some points in the southeastern part of the study location,where the Rio Bonito are delineated at depths less than 800 m(minimum CO_(2)storage depth based on best practices),other portions are deeper,ranging from 950 m to 3500 m.Thin-bedded layers will affect the integrity of the rocks as CO_(2)storage tanks or reservoir seals/traps/overburden within the region.Sandstone bed thicknesses are up to 20 m in some cases.However,hybrid CO_(2)reservoir units are feasible,especially in portions where thin siltstone layers are sandwiched between sandstone units to provide considerable thicknesses based on CO_(2)storage standards.The current study shows that useable areas considering reservoir thickness,depth,and other physical qualities will significantly control the CO_(2)storage efficiency of the study location.Further studies featuring a detailed geophysical exploration of the site to confirm the availability and saturations of preexisting fluid(hydrocarbon and water)are encouraged to boost CO_(2)storage in the region.The related research-based results,as mentioned above,may be combined with the results of this research to determine the area's potentials for CO_(2)storage or hydrocarbon production with CO_(2)storage options.
基金sponsored by Fundação de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)(2014/50279-4,2020/15230-5,2021/06158-1)Shell Brasil.
文摘São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture and storage(BECCS)activities.The current study presents the hydrocarbon viability evaluations and CO_(2)storage prospects,focusing on the sandstone units of the Rio Bonito Formation.The objective is to apply petrophysical evaluations with geochemical inputs in predicting future hydrocarbon(gas)production to boost CO_(2)storage within the study location.The study used data from eleven wells with associated wireline logs(gamma ray,resistivity,density,neutron,and sonic)to predict potential hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid mobility in the investigated area.Rock samples(shale and carbonate)obtained from depths>200 m within the study location have shown bitumen presence.Organic geochemistry data of the Rio Bonito Formation shale beds suggest they are potential hydrocarbon source rocks and could have contributed to the gas accumulations within the sandstone units.Some drilled well data,e.g.,CB-1-SP and TI-1-SP,show hydrocarbon(gas)presence based on the typical resistivity and the combined neutron-density responses at depths up to 3400 m,indicating the possibility of other hydrocarbon members apart from the heavy oil(bitumen)observed from the near-surface rocks samples.From the three-dimensional(3-D)model,the free fluid indicator(FFI)is more significant towards the southwest and southeast of the area with deeper depths of occurrence,indicating portions with reasonable hydrocarbon recovery rates and good prospects for CO_(2)injection,circulation and permanent storage.However,future studies based on contemporary datasets are required to establish the hydrocarbon viability further,foster gas production events,and enhance CO_(2)storage possibilities within the region.
文摘以NI my RIO1900、L298N电机驱动模块、编码器调速电机为硬件平台,NI Labview图形化编程语言为软件平台,构建编码调速数据采集系统,实现利用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)调节编码器电机的转速,将电机的转速转换为频率。验证磁性霍尔效应编码器A、B相产生正交相位信号的原理,电机正传时,A相脉冲信号超前B相脉冲信号90°,电机反转时,A相脉冲信号滞后B相脉冲信号90°。得到了脉冲宽度调制信号的占空比、频率与电机转速的关系。实现可视的操作界面。
文摘It is generally expected that the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring health and social benefits to their host city and to Brazil. This assumption comes from “common sense”, as a logical conclusion arising from the fact that host cities “inspire” and stimulate lifestyle changes. Benefits are also expected on tourism, self-image, architecture and the economy of the country as a whole. But are these expectations real and evidence-based? What parts of these “facts” are concrete and which ones are not? This paper suggests available ways of quantifying positive effects of hosting an Olympic Game, and puts the focus of this approach on the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games and their true legacy, seeking scientific certainties.
文摘鉴于区分网络中的标记算法和队列管理对服务公平性有很大影响,进行了基于增强型动态RIO(Enhanced Dynamic RED with In/Out bit,EDRIO)的确保服务下公平性的改进研究.首先从同构聚集流下的不同大小分组来分析各个分组间的公平性,然后从不同聚集流分配不同带宽来研究异构下的公平性.最后从数据包大小、目标速率及聚集流中包含的单流数量等进行性能仿真.实验结果表明,无论在同构还是异构下,基于EDRIO聚集流之间的公平性都比RIO和动态RIO聚集流之间的公平性好,而且该算法具有很好的扩展性.
