Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)has become a model for the study of fleshy fruits.Comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening is important.Transcription factors(TFs),hormones,and epigenetic regulation...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)has become a model for the study of fleshy fruits.Comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening is important.Transcription factors(TFs),hormones,and epigenetic regulation mainly regulate tomato fruit ripening,and the initiation of ripening requires ethylene and ripening-related TFs,such as NAC,MADS-box,RIN,GH3,HD-ZIP,and basic helix-loop-helix.In this review,we summarize recent research progress on these TFs in the regulation of tomato fruit ripening and highlight the crosstalk mechanisms of ethylene and ripening-related TFs.By affecting ethylene synthesis and signaling,TFs regulate softening and color changes in tomato fruits,thereby influencing fruit quality.Our review contributes to a systematic understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of tomato fruit ripening and provides a basis for developing or modeling complex ripening regulatory networks.展开更多
Objective:To determine the safety and the role of modulating cytokines and proteases in the immune response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)when primed with systemic intradermal BCG.Methods:Phase 1 a...Objective:To determine the safety and the role of modulating cytokines and proteases in the immune response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)when primed with systemic intradermal BCG.Methods:Phase 1 and mechanistic longitudinal,prospective,single-blind randomized study(NCT04806178).Twenty-one non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing intravesical adjuvant BCG after transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)in a teaching hospital between September 2021 and April 2023 were randomized to 0.1 mL of intradermal BCG vaccine or placebo(0.9%saline)administered 15 days before the start of intravesical BCG therapy.Blood samples were evaluated mechanistically regarding eight cytokines serum levels interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 Gene(IFITM3),Interleukin 1 beta(IL1-BETA),interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain(IL2 RA),Interleukin 6(IL 6),Interleukin 10(IL 10),Tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),Interferon-β,AXL,and one protease CASPASE 8.Results:After 1 exclusion,twenty patients were randomized to intradermal BCG(n=11)and intradermal placebo(n=9).There was no difference in adverse effects emerging from the intravesical Onco-BCG therapy,and no difference in the expression of the cytokines and proteases analyzed between control and intervention,and over time.Conclusions:Intradermal BCG administration before intravesical application was safe,with no increase in adverse effects.It also does not seem to change the analyzed targets during the intravesical induction-phase BCG.Other immune targets should be explored in the future.The Brazilian tuberculosis-endemic status,where BCG vaccination is mandatory,might have affected the results.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly become the fourth mainstream treatment alternative after surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,with some promising results.It aims to kill tumor cells by mobilizing or stimulating cyto...Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly become the fourth mainstream treatment alternative after surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,with some promising results.It aims to kill tumor cells by mobilizing or stimulating cytotoxic immune cells.However,the clinical applications of tumor immunotherapies are limited owing to a lack of adequate delivery pathways and high toxicity.Recently,nanomaterials and genetic engineering have shown great potential in overcoming these limitations by protecting the delivery of antigens,activating targeted T cells,modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,and improving the treatment efficacy.bacillus Calmette-Gué;rin(BCG)is a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis,which was first reported to have antitumor activity in 1927.BCG therapy can activate the immune system by inducing various cytokines and chemokines,and its specific immune and inflammatory responses exert antitumor effects.BCG was first used during the 1970s as an intravesical treatment agent for bladder cancer,which effectively improved immune antitumor activity and prevented tumor recurrence.More recently,nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG have been proposed as treatment alternatives for bladder cancer due to their ability to induce stronger and more stable immune responses.In this study,we outline the development of nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG for bladder cancer immunotherapy and review their potential and associated challenges.展开更多
The main results of this paper are following theorems: (1)A left A-injective ring satisfying the ascending chain condition on right annihilator is QF ring. (2)A left A-injective ring satisfying the ascending hain cond...The main results of this paper are following theorems: (1)A left A-injective ring satisfying the ascending chain condition on right annihilator is QF ring. (2)A left A-injective ring satisfying the ascending hain condition on left annihilator is QF ring. (3)If R satisfies the following conditions: (ⅰ) r(A∩B)=r(A)+r(B), for each pair of left ils A,B;(ⅱ) rl(I)=I, for every right ideal I. Then R is semiperfect ring and has essential left s. In particular, any right CF left A-injective (or E(_RR) is projective left R-module) is QF ring展开更多
本文克隆了RIN4(RPM1-interacting protein 4)在胡杨中的同源基因PeRIN4,并在拟南芥中进行过表达,通过研究转基因株系的耐盐表型、质膜H^+-ATPsae活性及H^+、Na^+、K^+等的动态离子流,揭示了PeRIN4基因在植物响应和适应盐胁迫环境中的...本文克隆了RIN4(RPM1-interacting protein 4)在胡杨中的同源基因PeRIN4,并在拟南芥中进行过表达,通过研究转基因株系的耐盐表型、质膜H^+-ATPsae活性及H^+、Na^+、K^+等的动态离子流,揭示了PeRIN4基因在植物响应和适应盐胁迫环境中的作用。利用定位载体p Green0029-PeRIN4-GFP瞬时转化拟南芥叶肉细胞原生质体的方法,对胡杨PeRIN4蛋白进行亚细胞定位,发现该蛋白定位在细胞的胞质中。耐盐表型实验结果显示,在100 mmol/L NaCl处理下,拟南芥PeRIN4过表达株系(OE1和OE8)的生存率和根长均明显高于野生型(WT)和转空载体拟南芥(VC),说明PeRIN4基因能够提高拟南芥的耐盐性。与WT和VC相比,拟南芥PeRIN4过表达株系质膜H^+-ATPsae的活性较高。动态离子流数据显示,在盐胁迫下,PeRIN4过表达株系外排H^+和Na^+离子的能力强于野生型和转空载体拟南芥,然而K+的外流却弱于WT和VC。因此,PeRIN4蛋白具有调节质膜H^+-ATPsae活性的功能。拟南芥质膜H^+-ATPsae活性的提高主要有两方面的作用:一是可以增强H+泵的质子动力势,驱动Na^+/H^+逆向转运蛋白,提高Na^+外排的能力;二是抑制质膜的去极化,减少K+离子通过去极化激活的外向型K^+通道(DA-KORCs)和非选择性阳离子通道(DA-NSCCs)外流,维持了K^+/Na^+平衡,从而提高PeRIN4转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32360743,32072559,31860568,31560563 and 31160398)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFD1000800).
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)has become a model for the study of fleshy fruits.Comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening is important.Transcription factors(TFs),hormones,and epigenetic regulation mainly regulate tomato fruit ripening,and the initiation of ripening requires ethylene and ripening-related TFs,such as NAC,MADS-box,RIN,GH3,HD-ZIP,and basic helix-loop-helix.In this review,we summarize recent research progress on these TFs in the regulation of tomato fruit ripening and highlight the crosstalk mechanisms of ethylene and ripening-related TFs.By affecting ethylene synthesis and signaling,TFs regulate softening and color changes in tomato fruits,thereby influencing fruit quality.Our review contributes to a systematic understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of tomato fruit ripening and provides a basis for developing or modeling complex ripening regulatory networks.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Research Productivity,grant numbers:304747/2018-1/310135/2022-2(Reis LO).
文摘Objective:To determine the safety and the role of modulating cytokines and proteases in the immune response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)when primed with systemic intradermal BCG.Methods:Phase 1 and mechanistic longitudinal,prospective,single-blind randomized study(NCT04806178).Twenty-one non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing intravesical adjuvant BCG after transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)in a teaching hospital between September 2021 and April 2023 were randomized to 0.1 mL of intradermal BCG vaccine or placebo(0.9%saline)administered 15 days before the start of intravesical BCG therapy.Blood samples were evaluated mechanistically regarding eight cytokines serum levels interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 Gene(IFITM3),Interleukin 1 beta(IL1-BETA),interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain(IL2 RA),Interleukin 6(IL 6),Interleukin 10(IL 10),Tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),Interferon-β,AXL,and one protease CASPASE 8.Results:After 1 exclusion,twenty patients were randomized to intradermal BCG(n=11)and intradermal placebo(n=9).There was no difference in adverse effects emerging from the intravesical Onco-BCG therapy,and no difference in the expression of the cytokines and proteases analyzed between control and intervention,and over time.Conclusions:Intradermal BCG administration before intravesical application was safe,with no increase in adverse effects.It also does not seem to change the analyzed targets during the intravesical induction-phase BCG.Other immune targets should be explored in the future.The Brazilian tuberculosis-endemic status,where BCG vaccination is mandatory,might have affected the results.
基金supported by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Nos.21JCYBJC00220 and 22JCQNJC01640)the Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project(No.ZC20162)the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82202323).
文摘Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly become the fourth mainstream treatment alternative after surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,with some promising results.It aims to kill tumor cells by mobilizing or stimulating cytotoxic immune cells.However,the clinical applications of tumor immunotherapies are limited owing to a lack of adequate delivery pathways and high toxicity.Recently,nanomaterials and genetic engineering have shown great potential in overcoming these limitations by protecting the delivery of antigens,activating targeted T cells,modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,and improving the treatment efficacy.bacillus Calmette-Gué;rin(BCG)is a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis,which was first reported to have antitumor activity in 1927.BCG therapy can activate the immune system by inducing various cytokines and chemokines,and its specific immune and inflammatory responses exert antitumor effects.BCG was first used during the 1970s as an intravesical treatment agent for bladder cancer,which effectively improved immune antitumor activity and prevented tumor recurrence.More recently,nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG have been proposed as treatment alternatives for bladder cancer due to their ability to induce stronger and more stable immune responses.In this study,we outline the development of nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG for bladder cancer immunotherapy and review their potential and associated challenges.
文摘The main results of this paper are following theorems: (1)A left A-injective ring satisfying the ascending chain condition on right annihilator is QF ring. (2)A left A-injective ring satisfying the ascending hain condition on left annihilator is QF ring. (3)If R satisfies the following conditions: (ⅰ) r(A∩B)=r(A)+r(B), for each pair of left ils A,B;(ⅱ) rl(I)=I, for every right ideal I. Then R is semiperfect ring and has essential left s. In particular, any right CF left A-injective (or E(_RR) is projective left R-module) is QF ring
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(“863”Program)(2009AA22704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30873089,81173129)+3 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0946)the Open Foundation of Innovative Platform in University of Hunan Province of China(10K078)the Science and Technology Plan Key Grant of Hunan Province of China(2009TP40682)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(201023100001)
文摘目的:在细胞水平研究烟酰胺单核苷酸(nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN)对胰岛素分泌的调节作用及其对与胰岛素分泌相关的重要转录因子胰十二指肠同源盒基因(pancreatic and duodenalhomeobox-1,PDX-1)和分叉头框家族转录因子1(forkhead box-containing protein O-1,FoxO1)基因表达的影响。方法:采用大鼠胰岛素ELISA试剂盒检测RIN-m5f细胞胰岛素分泌水平。用Real-time PCR检测RIN-m5f细胞PDX-1和FoxO1的mRNA表达水平。用Western印迹检测RIN-m5f细胞PDX-1蛋白表达水平。结果:用瑞格列奈10 nmol/L+NMN 100μmol/L处理RIN-m5f细胞48 h,与空白对照及DMSO对照组相比,胰岛素分泌量均显著增高(P<0.05);与NMN 50μmol/L组比较,胰岛素分泌量的增高也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。10,50和100μmol/L的NMN作用RIN-m5f细胞36 h,PDX-1的mRNA表达量均上调(依次为P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。100μmol/L剂量组与10μmol/L和50μmol/L剂量组比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.001)。50,100和200μmol/L的NMN作用RIN-m5f细胞36或48 h,PDX-1的蛋白表达量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:NMN可以调控RIN-m5f细胞中胰岛素的分泌及PDX-1的mRNA表达水平。
