Major depressive disorder(MDD)affects people all over the world,and yet,its etiology is complex and remains incompletely understood.In this review,we aim to assess recent advances in understanding depression and its r...Major depressive disorder(MDD)affects people all over the world,and yet,its etiology is complex and remains incompletely understood.In this review,we aim to assess recent advances in understanding depression and its regulation,as well as its interaction with circadian rhythms.Circadian rhythms are internalized representations of the periodic daily light and dark cycles.Accumulating evidence has shown that MDD and the related mental disorders are associated with disrupted circadian rhythms.In particular,depression has often been linked to abnormalities in circadian rhythms because dysregulation of the circadian system increases susceptibility to MDD.The fact that several rhythms are disrupted in depressed patients suggests that these disruptions are not restricted to any one rhythm but rather involve the molecular circadian clock core machinery.The sleep-wake cycle is one rhythm that is often disrupted in depression,which often leads to disturbances in other rhythms.The circadian disruptions manifested in depressed patients and the effectiveness and fast action of chronobiologically based treatments highlight the circadian system as a key therapeutic target in the treatment of depression.This review assesses the evidence on rising depression rates and examines their contributing factors,including circadian misalignment.We discuss key hypotheses underlying depression pathogenesis,potential etiology,and relevant animal models,and underscore potential mechanisms driving depression's growing burden and how understanding these factors is critical for improving prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
A heart attack disrupts the normal flow of blood to the heart muscle,potentially causing severe damage or death if not treated promptly.It can lead to long-term health complications,reduce quality of life,and signific...A heart attack disrupts the normal flow of blood to the heart muscle,potentially causing severe damage or death if not treated promptly.It can lead to long-term health complications,reduce quality of life,and significantly impact daily activities and overall well-being.Despite the growing popularity of deep learning,several drawbacks persist,such as complexity and the limitation of single-model learning.In this paper,we introduce a residual learning-based feature fusion technique to achieve high accuracy in differentiating abnormal cardiac rhythms heart sound.Combining MobileNet with DenseNet201 for feature fusion leverages MobileNet lightweight,efficient architecture with DenseNet201,dense connections,resulting in enhanced feature extraction and improved model performance with reduced computational cost.To further enhance the fusion,we employed residual learning to optimize the hierarchical features of heart abnormal sounds during training.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion method achieved an accuracy of 95.67%on the benchmark PhysioNet-2016 Spectrogram dataset.To further validate the performance,we applied it to the BreakHis dataset with a magnification level of 100X.The results indicate that the model maintains robust performance on the second dataset,achieving an accuracy of 96.55%.it highlights its consistent performance,making it a suitable for various applications.展开更多
Autophagy is a widespread biological process that controls cellular growth,survival,development,and death.Circadian rhythm is a recurring reaction of living organisms and behaviors to variations in surrounding brightn...Autophagy is a widespread biological process that controls cellular growth,survival,development,and death.Circadian rhythm is a recurring reaction of living organisms and behaviors to variations in surrounding brightness and obscurity.Most of the fundamental physiological processes in mammals,such as the sleep-wake pattern and the rhythm of nutrition and energy metabolism,are governed by circadian rhythms.Research has indicated that autophagy exhibits a specific circadian pattern in both normal and abnormal conditions.Autophagy can modulate circadian rhythms by breaking down proteins that regulate the circadian clock.The potential regulatory connection between the two has been a popular subject of clinical and fundamental research.Understanding the interaction between circadian rhythm and autophagy could potentially lead to the development of novel approaches for disease treatment in the future.The present analysis presented a summary of the molecular processes implicated in the interplay between autophagy and circadian rhythm,as well as the pathological importance of the disrupted regulatory association between these two phenomena.展开更多
AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye conditi...AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye conditions.METHODS:A comprehensive review of studies on the diurnal variations of IOP and corneal parameters was conducted.Tonometry findings from various studies were assessed,including the Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT)and non-contact tonometers.Data on the variations in central corneal thickness(CCT),corneal curvature,and corneal biomechanics measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer system across different population groups was extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:In both healthy subjects and those with Fuchs dystrophy,IOP and CCT demonstrate marked diurnal declines.GAT remains the gold standard for tonometry,with the highest reliability.However,its measurements are influenced by CCT.Keratoconus patients and those with pseudoexfoliation showed significant diurnal variations in IOP.The biomechanical parameters,especially corneal hysteresis(CH)and the corneal resistance factor(CRF),largely remain stable throughout the day for most of eye conditions,with some exceptions.Notably,the corneal morphology diurnal variation,particularly curvature,yielded mixed conclusions across studies.CONCLUSION:Circadian rhythms significantly influence various corneal parameters,most notably IOP and CCT.Further studies should emphasize standardized approaches larger sample sizes,and delve deeper into less-explored areas,such as the effects of orthokeratology lenses on diurnal biomechanical shifts.展开更多
BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep ...BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity.METHODS Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students.From April to June 2022,this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling method.Among these students,13374 accepted and completed the survey,with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents,such as height and weight,were collected through a general situation questionnaire.The sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 13374 participants(6629 females,accounting for 49.56%;the average age is 15.21±1.433 years)were analyzed.Among them,the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity,accounting for 22%and 2104 adolescent were overweight,accounting for 15.7%.Among them,1692 male adolescents are obese,with an obesity rate of 25.1%,higher than 18.9%of female adolescents.There is a statistically significant difference between the three groups(χ2=231.522,P<0.000).The obesity group has the smallest age(14.94±1.442 years),and there is a statistical difference in age among the three groups(F=69.996,P<0.000).Obesity rates are higher among individuals who are not-only-child,have residential experience within six months,have family economic poverty,and have evening-type sleep(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows a correlation between sleep rhythm and adolescent obesity.Evening-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adolescents[1.250(1.067-1.468)],but the effect on female obesity is not remarkable.Further logistic regression analysis in the overall population demonstrates that the interaction between evening-type sleep rhythm and the male gender poses a risk of adolescent obesity[1.122(1.043-1.208)].CONCLUSION Among adolescents,the incidence of obesity in males is higher than in females.Evening-type sleep rhythm plays an important role in male obesity but has no significant effect on female obesity.Progressive analysis suggests an interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,and the combination of evening-type sleep and the male gender promotes the development of adolescent obesity.In formulating precautions against adolescent obesity,obesity in male adolescents with evening-type sleep should be a critical concern.展开更多
The basic rhythms of nature that left their imprint on the existence of all living organism on the Earth, arose under the influence of the Earth’s rotation relative to the Sun, the Moon and other planets and stars of...The basic rhythms of nature that left their imprint on the existence of all living organism on the Earth, arose under the influence of the Earth’s rotation relative to the Sun, the Moon and other planets and stars of the Universe. This periodicity gave rise to the rhythm that has become essential for their life. Life is a continual chemical process of building up and breaking down of organic substances, which results from the substance exchange between an organism and the environment. This makes it impossible for a living organism to exist without the external environment. Since 1978-1979 we have been carrying out a task-oriented research with the aim to approximate the moment when we are able to answer all these questions. Daily fluctuations of cardiac and motor activity of the fetus have been studied (uninterrupted daily recording of fetal ECG);polysomnography of nocturnal sleep was recorded;daily fluctuations of endocrine system activity in the pregnant were studied. A correlation was made between the functional state of maternal sleep-wakefulness biological rhythm, biological clock of the human fetus and the “light-darkness” cycle of a 24-hour solar day. In the process of the study we have developed an original method of day-to-day analysis of maternal and fetal ECGs. It has been established that a healthy fetus has distinct, diurnal variations of physiological functions. The fetal biorhythms coordinate with the status of the maternal organism being, however, in an opposite phase. The curve of the dynamics of fetal physiological system functioning shows a biphasic nature (one-phase in adults). “Active” and “quiet” (sleep-like) periods have been singled out in the human fetus. No reaction is observed in “quiet” periods. However, the “zero”-type fetal reaction recorded by us within the period from 2 p.m. to 9 p.m. does not indicate unsatisfactory condition of the fetus but rather is suggestive of a definite reduction of functional levels of the fetal physiological systems, which is necessary for vital activity. Although conventionally recognized as an indicator of poor state of the fetus, this type only calls for precise attention when recorded in fetal “active” hours. The present study has been the first in the world’s medicine and biorhythmology to detect and establish the daily rhythms of cardiac and motor activity in the human fetus.展开更多
In July 2006, the diurnal activity rhythms of 13 heads of captive Qinling golden takin were observed in Shaanxi Provincial Centre for the Breeding and Conservation of Rare Wildlife （SPCBCRW） at daylight （from 9：00...In July 2006, the diurnal activity rhythms of 13 heads of captive Qinling golden takin were observed in Shaanxi Provincial Centre for the Breeding and Conservation of Rare Wildlife （SPCBCRW） at daylight （from 9：00 am to 4：00 pm in July）. The behavioral ethnogram was identified through observation at the sampling site, with the behaviors of golden takin recorded at 5 min interval using instantaneous scannable sampling method. The results indicated that the resting of golden takin took an important part in the daylight activities. Meanwhile, drinking and urinating and defecating were 1.92 and 0.54 and 0.92 times per head per day. Ambient temperature had a strong effect on the diurnal activity rhythms of golden takin. The diurnal activity rhymes were affected by ages of the animals effectively, which was expressed through differentiation of the time budgets. Moreover, different individuals in the same population showed some non-synchronously activity rhythms.展开更多
The etiology of digestive pathologies such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) and cancer is not yet fully understood. In recent years, several studies have evidenced circadian variation...The etiology of digestive pathologies such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) and cancer is not yet fully understood. In recent years, several studies have evidenced circadian variations in mechanisms involved in digestive health. In situations of disturbed circadian rhythms(chronodisruption) where the central clock and the peripheral clocks receive incoherent signals, the synchronicity is lost producing implications for health. This lack of coordination could alter the tissue function and cause long term damage to the organs. Life habits such as sleep, physical exercise, social interaction, and feeding times are determinants for stability and integrity of circadian rhythms. In recent years, experimental and clinical studies have consistently evidenced that the alteration of circadian rhythms is associated with the development of digestive pathologies mainly linked to dismotility or changes in microbiota composition. Likewise, it seems reasonable to deep into the importance of chronodisruption as a factor that may participate in the development of pathologies such as IBS, IBD and digestive cancers. Moreover, life habits respecting circadian rhythms should be promoted for the prevention of these diseases. Further studies will allow us a better understanding of the mechanisms acting at molecular level, and the development of new therapeutic targets.展开更多
While eye sensitivity in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus has long been known to be under the control of an endogenous circadian clock, only recently has horseshoe crab locomotion been shown to be contro...While eye sensitivity in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus has long been known to be under the control of an endogenous circadian clock, only recently has horseshoe crab locomotion been shown to be controlled by a separate clock system. In the laboratory, this system drives clear activity rhythms throughout much of the year, not just during the mating season when horseshoe crabs express clear tidal rhythms in the field. Water temperature is a key factor influencing the expression of these rhythms： at 17~C tidal rhythms are expressed by most animals, while at I l^C expression of circatidal rhythms is rarely seen, and at 4~C rhythms are suppressed. Neither long （16：8 Light：Dark） nor short （8：16） photoperiods modify this behavior at any of these temperatures. Synchronization of these circatidal rhythms can be most readily effeeted by water pressure cycles both in situ and in the lab, while temperature and current cycles play lesser, but possibly contributory, roles. Interestingly, Light：Dark cycles appear to have synchronizing as well as ＂masking＂ effects in some individuals. Evidence that each of two daily bouts of activity are independent suggests that the Limulus circatidal rhythm of locomotion is driven by two （circalunidian） clocks, each with a period of 24.8h. While the anatomical locations of either the circadian clock, that drives fluctuations in visual sensitivity, or the circatidal clock, that controls tidal rhythms of locomotion, are currently unknown, preliminary molecular analyses have shown that a 71 kD protein that reacts with antibodies directed against the Drosophila PERIOD （PER） protein is found in both the pro- tocerebrum and the subesophageal ganglion展开更多
The Clock gene,a key molecule in circadian systems,is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. We isolated a 936-bp partial c DNA sequence of the C lock gene( Pva- clock) from the darkbarbel catfish P elteobagrus vac...The Clock gene,a key molecule in circadian systems,is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. We isolated a 936-bp partial c DNA sequence of the C lock gene( Pva- clock) from the darkbarbel catfish P elteobagrus vachelli that exhibited high identity with C lock genes of other species of fish and animals(65%–88%). The putative domains included a basic helix-loop-helix(b HLH) domain and two period-ARNT-single-minded(PAS) domains,which were also similar to those in other species of fish and animals. P va- Clock was primarily expressed in the brain,and was detected in all of the peripheral tissues sampled. Additionally,the pattern of P va- Clock expression over a 24-h period exhibited a circadian rhythm in the brain,liver and intestine,with the acrophase at zeitgeber time 21:35,23:00,and 23:23,respectively. Our results provide insight into the function of the molecular C lock of P. vachelli.展开更多
Objective To better understand the pathological causes of bone loss in a space environment, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, and ultradian rhythms.Methods Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided in...Objective To better understand the pathological causes of bone loss in a space environment, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, and ultradian rhythms.Methods Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a baseline group, a control group, a hindlimb suspension group, a radiation group, a ultradian rhythms group and a combined-three-factor group. After four weeks of hindlimb suspension followed by X-ray exposure and/or ultradian rhythms, biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, histological analysis, microstructure parameters, and bone turnover markers were detected to evaluate bone loss in hindlimbs of rats.Results Simulated microgravity or combined-three factors treatment led to a significant decrease in the biomechanical properties of bones, reduction in bone mineral density, and deterioration of trabecular parameters. Ionizing radiation exposure also showed adverse impact while ultradian rhythms had no significant effect on these outcomes. Decrease in the concentration of the turnover markers bone alkaline phosphatase （bALP）, osteocalcin （OCN）, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b （TRAP-Sb） in serum was in line with the changes in trabecular parameters.Conclusion Simulated microgravity is the main contributor of bone loss. Radiation also results in deleterious effects but ultradian rhythms has no significant effect. Combined-three factors treatment do not exacerbate bone loss when compared to simulated microgravity treatment alone.展开更多
The neuropsychiatric disease named obsessive-compulsive disorder is composed by obsessions and/or compulsions.Obsessive-compulsive disorder etiologies are undefined.However,numerous mechanisms in several localizations...The neuropsychiatric disease named obsessive-compulsive disorder is composed by obsessions and/or compulsions.Obsessive-compulsive disorder etiologies are undefined.However,numerous mechanisms in several localizations are implicated.Some studies showed that both glutamate,inflammatory factors and oxidative stress could have main functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Glycogen synthase kinase-3β,the major negative controller of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in obsessive-compulsive disorder.In obsessive-compulsive disorder,some studies presented the actions of the different circadian clock genes.WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian clock genes appear to be intricate.Thus,this review focuses on the interaction between circadian clock genes and the WNT/β-catenin pathway in obsessive-compulsive disorder.展开更多
A comprehensive review is presented of reported aspects and putative mechanisms of sleep-like motility rhythms throughout the animal kingdom. It is proposed that ＇rapid eye movement （REM） sleep＇ be regarded as a s...A comprehensive review is presented of reported aspects and putative mechanisms of sleep-like motility rhythms throughout the animal kingdom. It is proposed that ＇rapid eye movement （REM） sleep＇ be regarded as a special case of a distinct but much broader category of behavior, ＇rapid body movement （RBM） sleep＇, defined by intrinsically- generated and apparently non-purposive movements. Such a classification completes a 2 2 matrix defined by the axes sleep versus waking and active versus quiet. Although ＇paradoxical＇ arousal of forebrain electrical activity is restricted to warm-blooded vertebrates, we urge that juvenile or even infantile stages of development be investigated in cold-blooded animals, in view of the many reports of REM-like spontaneous motility （RBMs） in a wide range of species during sleep. The neurophysiological bases for motorically active sleep at the brainstem level and for slow-wave sleep in the forebrain appear to be remarkably similar, and to be subserved in both cases by a primitive diffuse mode of neuronal organization. Thus, the spontaneous synchronous burst discharges which are characteristics of the sleeping brain can be readily simu- lated even by highly unstructured neural network models. Neuromotor discharges during active sleep appear to reflect a hierarchy of simple relaxation oscillation mechanisms, spanning a wide range of spike-dependent relaxation times, where- as the periodic alternation of active and quiet sleep states more likely results from the entrainment of intrinsic cellular rhythms and/or from activity-dependent homeostatic changes in network excitability.展开更多
Prospective and experimental studies have shown that individuals with early-life complex/prolonged febrile seizures （FSs） have a high incidence of temporal lobe epilepsy during adulthood, revealing a close relations...Prospective and experimental studies have shown that individuals with early-life complex/prolonged febrile seizures （FSs） have a high incidence of temporal lobe epilepsy during adulthood, revealing a close relationship between FSs and epilepsy. However, little is known about how epileptogenesis develops after FSs. The present study was designed to investigate acquired seizure susceptibility and analyze local field potentials during the latent period after FSs. We found that the seizure susceptibility decreased in 35-day- old （P35） FS rats but increased in P60 FS rats. Consistently, hippocampal electroencephalogram （EEG） power in every band was decreased at P35 but increased at P60 in FS rats. Our results provide direct evidence for hypoactivity but not hyperactivity during the early phase of the latent period, displaying a broad decrease in hippocampal rhythms. These characteristic EEG changes can be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of epileptogenesis induced by FSs.展开更多
The adipose tissue homeostasis is profoundly affected by circadian rhythms of corticosteroid secretion and chronic loss of hormonal oscillations is associated with obesity. How adipose tissue differentially responds t...The adipose tissue homeostasis is profoundly affected by circadian rhythms of corticosteroid secretion and chronic loss of hormonal oscillations is associated with obesity. How adipose tissue differentially responds to pulsatile vs continuous presence of glucocorticoids is poorly defined. To address this question, Bahrami-Nejad et al studied differentiation of pre-adipocytes, containing endogenously tagged CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) γ(key regulators of adipocyte differentiation), in response to corticosteroids that were delivered either in an oscillatory fashion or continuously. The authors show that the bi-stable state of differentiation of pre-adipocytes and adipocytes was regulated by a combination of fast and slow positive feedback networks, that determined unique threshold of PPARγ in these cells. Evidently, pre-adipocytes used the fast feedback loop to reject differentiation cues of oscillating pulses of glucocorticoids and failed to differentiate into fat cells. In contrast, when glucocorticoids were delivered continuously, precursor cells exploited the slow feedback loop to embark on a path of maximal differentiation. This differential differentiation response of pre-adipocytes to pulsatile vs continuous exposure to glucocorticoids was corroborated in vivo. Thus, mice receiving non-oscillating doses of exogenous glucocorticoids, for 21 d, elicited excessive accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat. These data shed new light on the mechanisms of obesity caused by putative misalignment of circadian secretion of glucocorticoids or their persistently high levels due to chronic stress or Cushing's disease.展开更多
Circadian rhythm alterations have been implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders,particularly those of sleep,addiction,anxiety,and mood. Circadian rhythms are known to be maintained by a set of classic clock g...Circadian rhythm alterations have been implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders,particularly those of sleep,addiction,anxiety,and mood. Circadian rhythms are known to be maintained by a set of classic clock genes that form complex mutual and self-regulatory loops. While many other genes showing rhythmic expression have been identified by genome-wide studies,their roles in circadian regulation remain largely unknown. In attempts to directly connect circadian rhythms with neuropsychiatric disorders,genetic studies have identifi ed gene mutations associated with several rare sleep disorders or sleep-related traits. Other than that,genetic studies of circadian genes in psychiatric disorders have had limited success. As an important mediator of environmental factors and regulators of circadian rhythms,the epigenetic system may hold the key to the etiology or pathology of psychiatric disorders,their subtypes or endophenotypes. Epigenomic regulation of the circadian system and the related changes have not been thoroughly explored in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. We argue for systematic investigation of the circadian system,particularly epigenetic regulation,and its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders to improve our understanding of human behavior and disease etiology.展开更多
Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators.The most common measure to charact...Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators.The most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity(i.e.,early or late chronotypes).However,daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.Moreover,chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior(i.e.,personality),such as the propensity to take risks.Here,we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculusto test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these traits.We first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light-darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts(neutral and food).Our results showed consistent(i.e.,across 5 days)inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle,but not in the late part of darkness hours.Moreover,while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior,these were not found to be consistent across 2 contexts.Therefore,we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits.In conclusion,our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.This could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish,which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic dysfunction,yet it is unclear whether enhancing clock function by small molecules can ameliorate metabolic disorders.METHODS We used an unbiase...OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic dysfunction,yet it is unclear whether enhancing clock function by small molecules can ameliorate metabolic disorders.METHODS We used an unbiased chemical screen in fibroblasts expressing PER2::Luc to identify the Clock amplitude-Enhancing Small Mole⁃cule.In diet-induced obese mice and DB/DB mutant mice,we evaluated the effects of the Clock amplitude-Enhancing small Molecule on metabolic syndrome and locomotor activity.RESULTS We identified Nobiletin(NOB),a natural poly⁃methoxylated flavone,as a Clock amplitude-Enhancing Small Molecule by an unbiased chemical screen.In diet-induced obese mice,NOB strongly improved metabolic syndrome and enhanced locomotor activity in a Clock gene-dependent manner.Moreover,the clock is also required for the beneficial effects of NOB on metabolic disorders in DB/DB mutant mice.Notably,NOB enhanced clock protein levels and reprogramed metabolic gene expressions in the liver.Finally,we revealed retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors(RORα/γ)as direct targets of NOB.CONCLUSION Altogether,our results demonstrate that a pharmacological intervention that enhances circadian rhythms by small molecule may be as a novel strategy for combating metabolic disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain management should aim at improving quality of life and daily living activities of patients;therefore,emphasis should be placed on pain management including understanding the pain patterns d...BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain management should aim at improving quality of life and daily living activities of patients;therefore,emphasis should be placed on pain management including understanding the pain patterns during daily activity.Therefore,lifestyle guidance should be based on a detailed understanding of pain;however,previous studies commonly evaluated pain intensity at a single point in time.We report a case on patient education intervention based on the relationship between pain circadian rhythms and detailed physical activity during the day.CASE SUMMARY A man in his 60s,who suffered a brachial plexus injury in a traffic accident,presented with neuropathic pain.Early assessment of the importance of daily living activities to the patient,pain rhythmicity,and physical activity,was performed.The early assessments showed that the pain intensity was lower on days when more light-intensity physical activity(LIPA)was performed,than on days when less LIPA was performed.Consequently,patient education focused on methods to decrease the pain intensity that tended to worsen in the afternoon,and encouraged behavioral changes by suggesting the patient to take walks,which could be used to maintain LIPA in the afternoon.On reassessment,the afternoon LIPA,which had been the focus of attention,had increased and a change was noted in the circadian rhythm of pain.CONCLUSION Patient education based on a composite assessment elicited positive results in relation to the pain circadian rhythm and physical activity.展开更多
2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published ...2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published the Joint Communiqué of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.Nearly at the same time,the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its third plenary session in Beijing between December 18 and 22,1978.This was no coincidence: Sino-US relations are an issue integral to China's development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81701347,31961133026,81570171,31871187,and 81070455)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0802400)the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD)affects people all over the world,and yet,its etiology is complex and remains incompletely understood.In this review,we aim to assess recent advances in understanding depression and its regulation,as well as its interaction with circadian rhythms.Circadian rhythms are internalized representations of the periodic daily light and dark cycles.Accumulating evidence has shown that MDD and the related mental disorders are associated with disrupted circadian rhythms.In particular,depression has often been linked to abnormalities in circadian rhythms because dysregulation of the circadian system increases susceptibility to MDD.The fact that several rhythms are disrupted in depressed patients suggests that these disruptions are not restricted to any one rhythm but rather involve the molecular circadian clock core machinery.The sleep-wake cycle is one rhythm that is often disrupted in depression,which often leads to disturbances in other rhythms.The circadian disruptions manifested in depressed patients and the effectiveness and fast action of chronobiologically based treatments highlight the circadian system as a key therapeutic target in the treatment of depression.This review assesses the evidence on rising depression rates and examines their contributing factors,including circadian misalignment.We discuss key hypotheses underlying depression pathogenesis,potential etiology,and relevant animal models,and underscore potential mechanisms driving depression's growing burden and how understanding these factors is critical for improving prevention and treatment strategies.
文摘A heart attack disrupts the normal flow of blood to the heart muscle,potentially causing severe damage or death if not treated promptly.It can lead to long-term health complications,reduce quality of life,and significantly impact daily activities and overall well-being.Despite the growing popularity of deep learning,several drawbacks persist,such as complexity and the limitation of single-model learning.In this paper,we introduce a residual learning-based feature fusion technique to achieve high accuracy in differentiating abnormal cardiac rhythms heart sound.Combining MobileNet with DenseNet201 for feature fusion leverages MobileNet lightweight,efficient architecture with DenseNet201,dense connections,resulting in enhanced feature extraction and improved model performance with reduced computational cost.To further enhance the fusion,we employed residual learning to optimize the hierarchical features of heart abnormal sounds during training.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion method achieved an accuracy of 95.67%on the benchmark PhysioNet-2016 Spectrogram dataset.To further validate the performance,we applied it to the BreakHis dataset with a magnification level of 100X.The results indicate that the model maintains robust performance on the second dataset,achieving an accuracy of 96.55%.it highlights its consistent performance,making it a suitable for various applications.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Code No.82100954/81800924)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Code No.2023QN08026)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(Code No.2022KW-12)The Basic and Natural Science Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Code No.2022JQ-915)Key Research and Development Program of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202001ZY0059G)New Technology and New Business Project of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University(Code No.LX2021-416).
文摘Autophagy is a widespread biological process that controls cellular growth,survival,development,and death.Circadian rhythm is a recurring reaction of living organisms and behaviors to variations in surrounding brightness and obscurity.Most of the fundamental physiological processes in mammals,such as the sleep-wake pattern and the rhythm of nutrition and energy metabolism,are governed by circadian rhythms.Research has indicated that autophagy exhibits a specific circadian pattern in both normal and abnormal conditions.Autophagy can modulate circadian rhythms by breaking down proteins that regulate the circadian clock.The potential regulatory connection between the two has been a popular subject of clinical and fundamental research.Understanding the interaction between circadian rhythm and autophagy could potentially lead to the development of novel approaches for disease treatment in the future.The present analysis presented a summary of the molecular processes implicated in the interplay between autophagy and circadian rhythm,as well as the pathological importance of the disrupted regulatory association between these two phenomena.
基金supported by the Conselleria de Innovación,Universidades,Ciencia y Sociedad Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana within the Program ACIF(Subvenciones para la contratación de personal investigador predoctoral),reference number CIACIF/2022/073,cofinanced by European Social Fund.
文摘AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye conditions.METHODS:A comprehensive review of studies on the diurnal variations of IOP and corneal parameters was conducted.Tonometry findings from various studies were assessed,including the Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT)and non-contact tonometers.Data on the variations in central corneal thickness(CCT),corneal curvature,and corneal biomechanics measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer system across different population groups was extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:In both healthy subjects and those with Fuchs dystrophy,IOP and CCT demonstrate marked diurnal declines.GAT remains the gold standard for tonometry,with the highest reliability.However,its measurements are influenced by CCT.Keratoconus patients and those with pseudoexfoliation showed significant diurnal variations in IOP.The biomechanical parameters,especially corneal hysteresis(CH)and the corneal resistance factor(CRF),largely remain stable throughout the day for most of eye conditions,with some exceptions.Notably,the corneal morphology diurnal variation,particularly curvature,yielded mixed conclusions across studies.CONCLUSION:Circadian rhythms significantly influence various corneal parameters,most notably IOP and CCT.Further studies should emphasize standardized approaches larger sample sizes,and delve deeper into less-explored areas,such as the effects of orthokeratology lenses on diurnal biomechanical shifts.
基金This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Anding Hospital in Tianjin,No.2021-42.
文摘BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity.METHODS Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students.From April to June 2022,this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling method.Among these students,13374 accepted and completed the survey,with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents,such as height and weight,were collected through a general situation questionnaire.The sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 13374 participants(6629 females,accounting for 49.56%;the average age is 15.21±1.433 years)were analyzed.Among them,the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity,accounting for 22%and 2104 adolescent were overweight,accounting for 15.7%.Among them,1692 male adolescents are obese,with an obesity rate of 25.1%,higher than 18.9%of female adolescents.There is a statistically significant difference between the three groups(χ2=231.522,P<0.000).The obesity group has the smallest age(14.94±1.442 years),and there is a statistical difference in age among the three groups(F=69.996,P<0.000).Obesity rates are higher among individuals who are not-only-child,have residential experience within six months,have family economic poverty,and have evening-type sleep(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows a correlation between sleep rhythm and adolescent obesity.Evening-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adolescents[1.250(1.067-1.468)],but the effect on female obesity is not remarkable.Further logistic regression analysis in the overall population demonstrates that the interaction between evening-type sleep rhythm and the male gender poses a risk of adolescent obesity[1.122(1.043-1.208)].CONCLUSION Among adolescents,the incidence of obesity in males is higher than in females.Evening-type sleep rhythm plays an important role in male obesity but has no significant effect on female obesity.Progressive analysis suggests an interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,and the combination of evening-type sleep and the male gender promotes the development of adolescent obesity.In formulating precautions against adolescent obesity,obesity in male adolescents with evening-type sleep should be a critical concern.
文摘The basic rhythms of nature that left their imprint on the existence of all living organism on the Earth, arose under the influence of the Earth’s rotation relative to the Sun, the Moon and other planets and stars of the Universe. This periodicity gave rise to the rhythm that has become essential for their life. Life is a continual chemical process of building up and breaking down of organic substances, which results from the substance exchange between an organism and the environment. This makes it impossible for a living organism to exist without the external environment. Since 1978-1979 we have been carrying out a task-oriented research with the aim to approximate the moment when we are able to answer all these questions. Daily fluctuations of cardiac and motor activity of the fetus have been studied (uninterrupted daily recording of fetal ECG);polysomnography of nocturnal sleep was recorded;daily fluctuations of endocrine system activity in the pregnant were studied. A correlation was made between the functional state of maternal sleep-wakefulness biological rhythm, biological clock of the human fetus and the “light-darkness” cycle of a 24-hour solar day. In the process of the study we have developed an original method of day-to-day analysis of maternal and fetal ECGs. It has been established that a healthy fetus has distinct, diurnal variations of physiological functions. The fetal biorhythms coordinate with the status of the maternal organism being, however, in an opposite phase. The curve of the dynamics of fetal physiological system functioning shows a biphasic nature (one-phase in adults). “Active” and “quiet” (sleep-like) periods have been singled out in the human fetus. No reaction is observed in “quiet” periods. However, the “zero”-type fetal reaction recorded by us within the period from 2 p.m. to 9 p.m. does not indicate unsatisfactory condition of the fetus but rather is suggestive of a definite reduction of functional levels of the fetal physiological systems, which is necessary for vital activity. Although conventionally recognized as an indicator of poor state of the fetus, this type only calls for precise attention when recorded in fetal “active” hours. The present study has been the first in the world’s medicine and biorhythmology to detect and establish the daily rhythms of cardiac and motor activity in the human fetus.
基金The project was sponsored by the Scientific Re-search Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (1999-363).
文摘In July 2006, the diurnal activity rhythms of 13 heads of captive Qinling golden takin were observed in Shaanxi Provincial Centre for the Breeding and Conservation of Rare Wildlife （SPCBCRW） at daylight （from 9：00 am to 4：00 pm in July）. The behavioral ethnogram was identified through observation at the sampling site, with the behaviors of golden takin recorded at 5 min interval using instantaneous scannable sampling method. The results indicated that the resting of golden takin took an important part in the daylight activities. Meanwhile, drinking and urinating and defecating were 1.92 and 0.54 and 0.92 times per head per day. Ambient temperature had a strong effect on the diurnal activity rhythms of golden takin. The diurnal activity rhymes were affected by ages of the animals effectively, which was expressed through differentiation of the time budgets. Moreover, different individuals in the same population showed some non-synchronously activity rhythms.
文摘The etiology of digestive pathologies such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) and cancer is not yet fully understood. In recent years, several studies have evidenced circadian variations in mechanisms involved in digestive health. In situations of disturbed circadian rhythms(chronodisruption) where the central clock and the peripheral clocks receive incoherent signals, the synchronicity is lost producing implications for health. This lack of coordination could alter the tissue function and cause long term damage to the organs. Life habits such as sleep, physical exercise, social interaction, and feeding times are determinants for stability and integrity of circadian rhythms. In recent years, experimental and clinical studies have consistently evidenced that the alteration of circadian rhythms is associated with the development of digestive pathologies mainly linked to dismotility or changes in microbiota composition. Likewise, it seems reasonable to deep into the importance of chronodisruption as a factor that may participate in the development of pathologies such as IBS, IBD and digestive cancers. Moreover, life habits respecting circadian rhythms should be promoted for the prevention of these diseases. Further studies will allow us a better understanding of the mechanisms acting at molecular level, and the development of new therapeutic targets.
文摘While eye sensitivity in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus has long been known to be under the control of an endogenous circadian clock, only recently has horseshoe crab locomotion been shown to be controlled by a separate clock system. In the laboratory, this system drives clear activity rhythms throughout much of the year, not just during the mating season when horseshoe crabs express clear tidal rhythms in the field. Water temperature is a key factor influencing the expression of these rhythms： at 17~C tidal rhythms are expressed by most animals, while at I l^C expression of circatidal rhythms is rarely seen, and at 4~C rhythms are suppressed. Neither long （16：8 Light：Dark） nor short （8：16） photoperiods modify this behavior at any of these temperatures. Synchronization of these circatidal rhythms can be most readily effeeted by water pressure cycles both in situ and in the lab, while temperature and current cycles play lesser, but possibly contributory, roles. Interestingly, Light：Dark cycles appear to have synchronizing as well as ＂masking＂ effects in some individuals. Evidence that each of two daily bouts of activity are independent suggests that the Limulus circatidal rhythm of locomotion is driven by two （circalunidian） clocks, each with a period of 24.8h. While the anatomical locations of either the circadian clock, that drives fluctuations in visual sensitivity, or the circatidal clock, that controls tidal rhythms of locomotion, are currently unknown, preliminary molecular analyses have shown that a 71 kD protein that reacts with antibodies directed against the Drosophila PERIOD （PER） protein is found in both the pro- tocerebrum and the subesophageal ganglion
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31402305)the Educational Commission of Sichuan Province of China(No.14ZA0249)+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of Neijiang,Sichuan,China(No.12108)the College Students’ Scientific Research Project of Neijiang Normal University(Nos.13NSD-66,13NSD-77)
文摘The Clock gene,a key molecule in circadian systems,is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. We isolated a 936-bp partial c DNA sequence of the C lock gene( Pva- clock) from the darkbarbel catfish P elteobagrus vachelli that exhibited high identity with C lock genes of other species of fish and animals(65%–88%). The putative domains included a basic helix-loop-helix(b HLH) domain and two period-ARNT-single-minded(PAS) domains,which were also similar to those in other species of fish and animals. P va- Clock was primarily expressed in the brain,and was detected in all of the peripheral tissues sampled. Additionally,the pattern of P va- Clock expression over a 24-h period exhibited a circadian rhythm in the brain,liver and intestine,with the acrophase at zeitgeber time 21:35,23:00,and 23:23,respectively. Our results provide insight into the function of the molecular C lock of P. vachelli.
基金supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China[No.2015DFR30940]the Science and Technology Research Project of Gansu Province[No.145RTSA012 and No.17JR5RA307]
文摘Objective To better understand the pathological causes of bone loss in a space environment, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, and ultradian rhythms.Methods Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a baseline group, a control group, a hindlimb suspension group, a radiation group, a ultradian rhythms group and a combined-three-factor group. After four weeks of hindlimb suspension followed by X-ray exposure and/or ultradian rhythms, biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, histological analysis, microstructure parameters, and bone turnover markers were detected to evaluate bone loss in hindlimbs of rats.Results Simulated microgravity or combined-three factors treatment led to a significant decrease in the biomechanical properties of bones, reduction in bone mineral density, and deterioration of trabecular parameters. Ionizing radiation exposure also showed adverse impact while ultradian rhythms had no significant effect on these outcomes. Decrease in the concentration of the turnover markers bone alkaline phosphatase （bALP）, osteocalcin （OCN）, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b （TRAP-Sb） in serum was in line with the changes in trabecular parameters.Conclusion Simulated microgravity is the main contributor of bone loss. Radiation also results in deleterious effects but ultradian rhythms has no significant effect. Combined-three factors treatment do not exacerbate bone loss when compared to simulated microgravity treatment alone.
文摘The neuropsychiatric disease named obsessive-compulsive disorder is composed by obsessions and/or compulsions.Obsessive-compulsive disorder etiologies are undefined.However,numerous mechanisms in several localizations are implicated.Some studies showed that both glutamate,inflammatory factors and oxidative stress could have main functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Glycogen synthase kinase-3β,the major negative controller of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in obsessive-compulsive disorder.In obsessive-compulsive disorder,some studies presented the actions of the different circadian clock genes.WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian clock genes appear to be intricate.Thus,this review focuses on the interaction between circadian clock genes and the WNT/β-catenin pathway in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
文摘A comprehensive review is presented of reported aspects and putative mechanisms of sleep-like motility rhythms throughout the animal kingdom. It is proposed that ＇rapid eye movement （REM） sleep＇ be regarded as a special case of a distinct but much broader category of behavior, ＇rapid body movement （RBM） sleep＇, defined by intrinsically- generated and apparently non-purposive movements. Such a classification completes a 2 2 matrix defined by the axes sleep versus waking and active versus quiet. Although ＇paradoxical＇ arousal of forebrain electrical activity is restricted to warm-blooded vertebrates, we urge that juvenile or even infantile stages of development be investigated in cold-blooded animals, in view of the many reports of REM-like spontaneous motility （RBMs） in a wide range of species during sleep. The neurophysiological bases for motorically active sleep at the brainstem level and for slow-wave sleep in the forebrain appear to be remarkably similar, and to be subserved in both cases by a primitive diffuse mode of neuronal organization. Thus, the spontaneous synchronous burst discharges which are characteristics of the sleeping brain can be readily simu- lated even by highly unstructured neural network models. Neuromotor discharges during active sleep appear to reflect a hierarchy of simple relaxation oscillation mechanisms, spanning a wide range of spike-dependent relaxation times, where- as the periodic alternation of active and quiet sleep states more likely results from the entrainment of intrinsic cellular rhythms and/or from activity-dependent homeostatic changes in network excitability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91332202, 81273506, 81273492)the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation, China (2011R50014)
文摘Prospective and experimental studies have shown that individuals with early-life complex/prolonged febrile seizures （FSs） have a high incidence of temporal lobe epilepsy during adulthood, revealing a close relationship between FSs and epilepsy. However, little is known about how epileptogenesis develops after FSs. The present study was designed to investigate acquired seizure susceptibility and analyze local field potentials during the latent period after FSs. We found that the seizure susceptibility decreased in 35-day- old （P35） FS rats but increased in P60 FS rats. Consistently, hippocampal electroencephalogram （EEG） power in every band was decreased at P35 but increased at P60 in FS rats. Our results provide direct evidence for hypoactivity but not hyperactivity during the early phase of the latent period, displaying a broad decrease in hippocampal rhythms. These characteristic EEG changes can be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of epileptogenesis induced by FSs.
文摘The adipose tissue homeostasis is profoundly affected by circadian rhythms of corticosteroid secretion and chronic loss of hormonal oscillations is associated with obesity. How adipose tissue differentially responds to pulsatile vs continuous presence of glucocorticoids is poorly defined. To address this question, Bahrami-Nejad et al studied differentiation of pre-adipocytes, containing endogenously tagged CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) γ(key regulators of adipocyte differentiation), in response to corticosteroids that were delivered either in an oscillatory fashion or continuously. The authors show that the bi-stable state of differentiation of pre-adipocytes and adipocytes was regulated by a combination of fast and slow positive feedback networks, that determined unique threshold of PPARγ in these cells. Evidently, pre-adipocytes used the fast feedback loop to reject differentiation cues of oscillating pulses of glucocorticoids and failed to differentiate into fat cells. In contrast, when glucocorticoids were delivered continuously, precursor cells exploited the slow feedback loop to embark on a path of maximal differentiation. This differential differentiation response of pre-adipocytes to pulsatile vs continuous exposure to glucocorticoids was corroborated in vivo. Thus, mice receiving non-oscillating doses of exogenous glucocorticoids, for 21 d, elicited excessive accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat. These data shed new light on the mechanisms of obesity caused by putative misalignment of circadian secretion of glucocorticoids or their persistently high levels due to chronic stress or Cushing's disease.
基金supported by grants to CL from the NIH,USA (R01-ES024988 and U01-MH103340)the Central South University of China
文摘Circadian rhythm alterations have been implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders,particularly those of sleep,addiction,anxiety,and mood. Circadian rhythms are known to be maintained by a set of classic clock genes that form complex mutual and self-regulatory loops. While many other genes showing rhythmic expression have been identified by genome-wide studies,their roles in circadian regulation remain largely unknown. In attempts to directly connect circadian rhythms with neuropsychiatric disorders,genetic studies have identifi ed gene mutations associated with several rare sleep disorders or sleep-related traits. Other than that,genetic studies of circadian genes in psychiatric disorders have had limited success. As an important mediator of environmental factors and regulators of circadian rhythms,the epigenetic system may hold the key to the etiology or pathology of psychiatric disorders,their subtypes or endophenotypes. Epigenomic regulation of the circadian system and the related changes have not been thoroughly explored in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. We argue for systematic investigation of the circadian system,particularly epigenetic regulation,and its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders to improve our understanding of human behavior and disease etiology.
基金V.S.was supported by a Leibniz-DAAD Postdoctoral Research Fellowship(no.91632699)while he is now supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with a “Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion”research fellowship(IJC2018-035389-1)he acknowledges the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence”accreditation(CEX2019-000928-S).
文摘Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators.The most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity(i.e.,early or late chronotypes).However,daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.Moreover,chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior(i.e.,personality),such as the propensity to take risks.Here,we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculusto test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these traits.We first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light-darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts(neutral and food).Our results showed consistent(i.e.,across 5 days)inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle,but not in the late part of darkness hours.Moreover,while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior,these were not found to be consistent across 2 contexts.Therefore,we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits.In conclusion,our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.This could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish,which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.
文摘OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic dysfunction,yet it is unclear whether enhancing clock function by small molecules can ameliorate metabolic disorders.METHODS We used an unbiased chemical screen in fibroblasts expressing PER2::Luc to identify the Clock amplitude-Enhancing Small Mole⁃cule.In diet-induced obese mice and DB/DB mutant mice,we evaluated the effects of the Clock amplitude-Enhancing small Molecule on metabolic syndrome and locomotor activity.RESULTS We identified Nobiletin(NOB),a natural poly⁃methoxylated flavone,as a Clock amplitude-Enhancing Small Molecule by an unbiased chemical screen.In diet-induced obese mice,NOB strongly improved metabolic syndrome and enhanced locomotor activity in a Clock gene-dependent manner.Moreover,the clock is also required for the beneficial effects of NOB on metabolic disorders in DB/DB mutant mice.Notably,NOB enhanced clock protein levels and reprogramed metabolic gene expressions in the liver.Finally,we revealed retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors(RORα/γ)as direct targets of NOB.CONCLUSION Altogether,our results demonstrate that a pharmacological intervention that enhances circadian rhythms by small molecule may be as a novel strategy for combating metabolic disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain management should aim at improving quality of life and daily living activities of patients;therefore,emphasis should be placed on pain management including understanding the pain patterns during daily activity.Therefore,lifestyle guidance should be based on a detailed understanding of pain;however,previous studies commonly evaluated pain intensity at a single point in time.We report a case on patient education intervention based on the relationship between pain circadian rhythms and detailed physical activity during the day.CASE SUMMARY A man in his 60s,who suffered a brachial plexus injury in a traffic accident,presented with neuropathic pain.Early assessment of the importance of daily living activities to the patient,pain rhythmicity,and physical activity,was performed.The early assessments showed that the pain intensity was lower on days when more light-intensity physical activity(LIPA)was performed,than on days when less LIPA was performed.Consequently,patient education focused on methods to decrease the pain intensity that tended to worsen in the afternoon,and encouraged behavioral changes by suggesting the patient to take walks,which could be used to maintain LIPA in the afternoon.On reassessment,the afternoon LIPA,which had been the focus of attention,had increased and a change was noted in the circadian rhythm of pain.CONCLUSION Patient education based on a composite assessment elicited positive results in relation to the pain circadian rhythm and physical activity.
文摘2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published the Joint Communiqué of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.Nearly at the same time,the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its third plenary session in Beijing between December 18 and 22,1978.This was no coincidence: Sino-US relations are an issue integral to China's development.
