High-resolution vehicular emissions inventories are important for managing vehicular pollution and improving urban air quality. This study developed a vehicular emission inventory with high spatio-temporal resolution ...High-resolution vehicular emissions inventories are important for managing vehicular pollution and improving urban air quality. This study developed a vehicular emission inventory with high spatio-temporal resolution in the main urban area of Chongqing, based on realtime traffic data from 820 RFID detectors covering 454 roads, and the differences in spatiotemporal emission characteristics between inner and outer districts were analysed. The result showed that the daily vehicular emission intensities of CO, hydrocarbons, PM2.5, PM10,and NO_(x) were 30.24, 3.83, 0.18, 0.20, and 8.65 kg/km per day, respectively, in the study area during 2018. The pollutants emission intensities in inner district were higher than those in outer district. Light passenger cars(LPCs) were the main contributors of all-day CO emissions in the inner and outer districts, from which the contributors of NO_(x) emissions were different. Diesel and natural gas buses were major contributors of daytime NO_(x) emissions in inner districts, accounting for 40.40%, but buses and heavy duty trucks(HDTs) were major contributors in outer districts. At nighttime, due to the lifting of truck restrictions and suspension of buses, HDTs become the main NO_(x) contributor in both inner and outer districts,and its three NO_(x) emission peak hours were found, which are different to the peak hours of total NO_(x) emission by all vehicles. Unlike most other cities, bridges and connecting channels are always emission hotspots due to long-time traffic congestion. This knowledge will help fully understand vehicular emissions characteristics and is useful for policymakers to design precise prevention and control measures.展开更多
RFID数据采集过程中漏读现象频频发生,降低了RFID(radio frequency identification)应用中查询结果的准确性.目前解决漏读问题的算法主要是以RFID原始读数为粒度,并基于标签自身历史读数进行窗口平滑,这种作法会填补许多与查询无关的冗...RFID数据采集过程中漏读现象频频发生,降低了RFID(radio frequency identification)应用中查询结果的准确性.目前解决漏读问题的算法主要是以RFID原始读数为粒度,并基于标签自身历史读数进行窗口平滑,这种作法会填补许多与查询无关的冗余数据,并且在多逻辑区域参与的复杂应用中,填补准确率较差.为解决上述问题,首次将RFID数据从数据层抽象到逻辑区域层作为处理的粒度,提出3种基于动态概率路径事件模型的数据填补算法,通过挖掘已知的区域事件的顺序相关性来对后续发生的事件进行判断和填补.进一步,增加对时间因素的考虑,对概率路径事件模型进行扩展.大量实验证明,提出的各个算法在不同的情况下有着不同的性能优势,并且在精简性和准确性上要高于现有的策略.展开更多
为提高非匀速RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)数据流情形下的数据清洗准确性,在传统数据清洗算法SMURF(statistical SMoothing for unreliable RFID data)的基础上,提出了一种基于标签速度和滑动子窗口的RFID数据清洗方法。该方...为提高非匀速RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)数据流情形下的数据清洗准确性,在传统数据清洗算法SMURF(statistical SMoothing for unreliable RFID data)的基础上,提出了一种基于标签速度和滑动子窗口的RFID数据清洗方法。该方法考虑到标签速度对滑动窗口调整的影响,依据标签速度动态调整置信度δ,同时进一步划分滑动窗口,对子窗口中的标签数据进行统计采样,并将其与整个滑动窗口的统计采样处理结果联合起来,以及时检测出标签的跃迁现象,从而准确判断标签的运动情况。实验表明,该方法有效地降低了平均错误率和积极读现象的出现频度,提高了数据准确性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research Program(No.2018YFB1601105,No.2018YFB1601102)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41975165,No.U1811463)Chongqing Science and Technology Project(No.cstc2019jscxfxydX0035)。
文摘High-resolution vehicular emissions inventories are important for managing vehicular pollution and improving urban air quality. This study developed a vehicular emission inventory with high spatio-temporal resolution in the main urban area of Chongqing, based on realtime traffic data from 820 RFID detectors covering 454 roads, and the differences in spatiotemporal emission characteristics between inner and outer districts were analysed. The result showed that the daily vehicular emission intensities of CO, hydrocarbons, PM2.5, PM10,and NO_(x) were 30.24, 3.83, 0.18, 0.20, and 8.65 kg/km per day, respectively, in the study area during 2018. The pollutants emission intensities in inner district were higher than those in outer district. Light passenger cars(LPCs) were the main contributors of all-day CO emissions in the inner and outer districts, from which the contributors of NO_(x) emissions were different. Diesel and natural gas buses were major contributors of daytime NO_(x) emissions in inner districts, accounting for 40.40%, but buses and heavy duty trucks(HDTs) were major contributors in outer districts. At nighttime, due to the lifting of truck restrictions and suspension of buses, HDTs become the main NO_(x) contributor in both inner and outer districts,and its three NO_(x) emission peak hours were found, which are different to the peak hours of total NO_(x) emission by all vehicles. Unlike most other cities, bridges and connecting channels are always emission hotspots due to long-time traffic congestion. This knowledge will help fully understand vehicular emissions characteristics and is useful for policymakers to design precise prevention and control measures.
文摘RFID数据采集过程中漏读现象频频发生,降低了RFID(radio frequency identification)应用中查询结果的准确性.目前解决漏读问题的算法主要是以RFID原始读数为粒度,并基于标签自身历史读数进行窗口平滑,这种作法会填补许多与查询无关的冗余数据,并且在多逻辑区域参与的复杂应用中,填补准确率较差.为解决上述问题,首次将RFID数据从数据层抽象到逻辑区域层作为处理的粒度,提出3种基于动态概率路径事件模型的数据填补算法,通过挖掘已知的区域事件的顺序相关性来对后续发生的事件进行判断和填补.进一步,增加对时间因素的考虑,对概率路径事件模型进行扩展.大量实验证明,提出的各个算法在不同的情况下有着不同的性能优势,并且在精简性和准确性上要高于现有的策略.
文摘为提高非匀速RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)数据流情形下的数据清洗准确性,在传统数据清洗算法SMURF(statistical SMoothing for unreliable RFID data)的基础上,提出了一种基于标签速度和滑动子窗口的RFID数据清洗方法。该方法考虑到标签速度对滑动窗口调整的影响,依据标签速度动态调整置信度δ,同时进一步划分滑动窗口,对子窗口中的标签数据进行统计采样,并将其与整个滑动窗口的统计采样处理结果联合起来,以及时检测出标签的跃迁现象,从而准确判断标签的运动情况。实验表明,该方法有效地降低了平均错误率和积极读现象的出现频度,提高了数据准确性。
