Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely ...Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely available software tool developed by the Canadian Government which can be used to develop energy baselines of clean energy technologies. Using curve-fitting and statistical methods like CUSUM, the software can combine actual energy performance with near real time weather information from NASA. We developed a method to simulate the performance of a GSHP （ground source heat pump）. The three distinct energy zones involve heating, no-energy, and cooling. RETScreen Plus methodology is used to develop curve fits for each distinct zone as it builds a correlation with NASA satellite data. The model then factors the impact of ICT （information and control technologies） as a means to improve and lower the building＇s energy consumption. Two values of COP （coefficient of performance） are used--the first is a standard ICT COP, while the second is an improved ICT COP with a smart controller. This methodology can then be expanded to incorporate current and future smart meter technologies, time of use rates, energy price signals, demand response and electricity storage options. In summary, this methodology enables a building owner or energy conservation official to quickly and accurately determine the baseline energy for a building and the potential impacts of smart ICT technologies, especially for buildings equipped with GSHP technologies.展开更多
The residential-building sector in India consumes>25%of the total electricity and is the third-largest consumer of electricity;consumption increased by 26%between 2014 and 2017.India has introduced a star-labelling...The residential-building sector in India consumes>25%of the total electricity and is the third-largest consumer of electricity;consumption increased by 26%between 2014 and 2017.India has introduced a star-labelling programme for residential buildings that is applicable for all single-and multiple-dwelling units in the country for residential purposes.The Energy Performance Index(EPI)of a building(annual energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per square metre of the building)is taken as an indicator for awarding the star label for residential buildings.For gauging the EPI status of existing buildings,the electricity consumption of residential buildings(in kWh/m2/year)is established through a case study of the residential society.Two years of electricity bills are collected for an Indian residential society located in Palam,Delhi,analysed and benchmarked with the Indian residential star-labelling programme.A wide EPI gap is observed for existing buildings for five-star energy labels.Based on existing electricity tariffs,the energy consumption of residential consumers and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE)’s proposed building ENERGY STAR labelling,a grid-integrated rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV)system is considered for achieving a higher star label.This research study establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings in Indian cities through a case study of Delhi.Techno-economic analysis of a grid-integrated 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant is analysed by using RETScreen software.The study establishes that an additional two stars can be achieved by existing buildings by using a grid-integrated rooftop solar PV plant.Payback for retrofit of a 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant for Indian cites varies from 3 to 7 years.展开更多
文摘Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely available software tool developed by the Canadian Government which can be used to develop energy baselines of clean energy technologies. Using curve-fitting and statistical methods like CUSUM, the software can combine actual energy performance with near real time weather information from NASA. We developed a method to simulate the performance of a GSHP （ground source heat pump）. The three distinct energy zones involve heating, no-energy, and cooling. RETScreen Plus methodology is used to develop curve fits for each distinct zone as it builds a correlation with NASA satellite data. The model then factors the impact of ICT （information and control technologies） as a means to improve and lower the building＇s energy consumption. Two values of COP （coefficient of performance） are used--the first is a standard ICT COP, while the second is an improved ICT COP with a smart controller. This methodology can then be expanded to incorporate current and future smart meter technologies, time of use rates, energy price signals, demand response and electricity storage options. In summary, this methodology enables a building owner or energy conservation official to quickly and accurately determine the baseline energy for a building and the potential impacts of smart ICT technologies, especially for buildings equipped with GSHP technologies.
基金funded by any agency/organization.Data gathered by self for the study undertaken.Other sources cited as applicable。
文摘The residential-building sector in India consumes>25%of the total electricity and is the third-largest consumer of electricity;consumption increased by 26%between 2014 and 2017.India has introduced a star-labelling programme for residential buildings that is applicable for all single-and multiple-dwelling units in the country for residential purposes.The Energy Performance Index(EPI)of a building(annual energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per square metre of the building)is taken as an indicator for awarding the star label for residential buildings.For gauging the EPI status of existing buildings,the electricity consumption of residential buildings(in kWh/m2/year)is established through a case study of the residential society.Two years of electricity bills are collected for an Indian residential society located in Palam,Delhi,analysed and benchmarked with the Indian residential star-labelling programme.A wide EPI gap is observed for existing buildings for five-star energy labels.Based on existing electricity tariffs,the energy consumption of residential consumers and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE)’s proposed building ENERGY STAR labelling,a grid-integrated rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV)system is considered for achieving a higher star label.This research study establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings in Indian cities through a case study of Delhi.Techno-economic analysis of a grid-integrated 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant is analysed by using RETScreen software.The study establishes that an additional two stars can be achieved by existing buildings by using a grid-integrated rooftop solar PV plant.Payback for retrofit of a 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant for Indian cites varies from 3 to 7 years.
