BACKGROUND Cauda equina syndrome(CES)is characterized by a group of symptoms that may be caused by inflammation,spinal cord compression,venous congestion,or ischemia.This syndrome is commonly an indication for surgica...BACKGROUND Cauda equina syndrome(CES)is characterized by a group of symptoms that may be caused by inflammation,spinal cord compression,venous congestion,or ischemia.This syndrome is commonly an indication for surgical intervention but has not been determined as a postoperative complication following surgery for lumbar spine disease.CASE SUMMARY To report the case of a 54-year-old male patient who had CES following spinal surgery,with no obvious compression lesions found during re-exploration,suggesting that vascular insufficiency may have contributed to the condition.Furthermore,a series of urodynamic studies on bladder recovery patterns in such complications have also been investigated.CONCLUSION Postoperative CES requires urgent imaging and exploration to rule out compression;noncompressive cases,including vascular insufficiency may performed conservative management.展开更多
Fresh-cut lettuce is widely used in ready-to-eat salads sold in modified atmosphere packages (MAP).Even in MAP,fresh-cut lettuce has short shelf life that results in loss of nutrients.Lettuce cultivars exhibit genetic...Fresh-cut lettuce is widely used in ready-to-eat salads sold in modified atmosphere packages (MAP).Even in MAP,fresh-cut lettuce has short shelf life that results in loss of nutrients.Lettuce cultivars exhibit genetic variation for shelf life in MAP,but their variation for nutrient retention is not known.Fifty accessions were evaluated for initial content of ascorbic acid (AsA),carotenoids,and sugars and their retention in storage.Accessions with high content and/or good retention of one or more nutrients were identified.The romaine accession ‘Floricos’ had high levels of all the three nutrients.Accessions with relatively high retention of all the three nutrients were ‘Salinas 88’,‘Siskiyou’,‘Solar’,SM09A,‘Romance’,and ‘Green Towers’.Romaine cultivars,‘Balady Barrage’,‘Green Towers’,and ‘Darkland’ had relatively high initial levels of all tested nutrients and good rate of their retention.There was no clear correlation between initial AsA/carotene concentrations and their retention rates,suggesting that besides content,retention of nutrients should also be a breeding target in a lettuce nutritional improvement program.Statistical analyses with the Pearson's correlation coefficient determined a negative relationship between tissue deterioration(AUDePS) and retention of all tested nutrients[r of-0.52 (P<0.0001) for AsA,-0.27 (P<0.01) for total carotene,and-0.59 (P<0.0001) for total sugars],suggesting that an increase in tissue deterioration intensifies nutrient decay.Broad-sense heritability (H^(2)) across the experiments was0.15 for AsA,0.23 for total carotene,and 0.50 for total sugars.Identification of germplasm with high nutrient content,extended shelf life and good nutrient retention provides valuable information for the lettuce industry and associated breeding programs.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to explore the voices of Indonesian migrant nurses on their retention in Japanese healthcare facilities.Methods:A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between June and September 2023...Objectives:This study aimed to explore the voices of Indonesian migrant nurses on their retention in Japanese healthcare facilities.Methods:A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between June and September 2023.The snowball sampling method was utilized to recruit 22 Indonesian nurses working in healthcare facilities in seven prefectures of Japan.Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on their shared experiences.All interview data were audio-recorded,transcribed verbatim,and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results:Six prominent themes and 15 subthemes emerged:1)organizational factors(caring leader,involvement in decision making,career development,and participation in training);2)social support systems(group support,colleagues support and friend support);3)individual drive(lifelong learning and persistent);4)national policies(government support in public service and flexibility in finding a comfortable placement);5)family factors(positive support of child education and development and maintaining relationship with spouse);and 6)economic factors(staying due to high salary and increasing income streams).Conclusions:Retention of Indonesian migrant nurses in Japan is a multifaceted challenge that hinges on various interconnected factors.This study has gone some way toward enhancing our understanding of international nurse retention in the receiving countries.Corresponding supports at the individual,family,organizational,economic,social,and national policy levels should be considered to keep them in their destination countries.展开更多
This study explores the unique role of CO_(2)as an oxidant in stainless steel smelting,focusing on its effectiveness in decarbonization and chromium retention.The research begins by theoretically demonstrating that al...This study explores the unique role of CO_(2)as an oxidant in stainless steel smelting,focusing on its effectiveness in decarbonization and chromium retention.The research begins by theoretically demonstrating that although the introduction of CO_(2)increases the CO partial pressure in the reaction system,the decarburization and chromium(Cr)retention capabilities of CO_(2)can still be stably maintained through the rational adjustment of the molten steel composition,temperature,and inert gas proportions.Further experimental findings indicate that chromium does not exhibit significant oxidation losses when the carbon(C)content exceeds 1.0%(mass).Finally,a novel CO_(2)recovery and utilization approach is proposed,integrating CO_(2)capture from smelting flue gas and recycling it for smelting,reducing O_(2)consumption and energy costs.This innovative process,compatible with existing smelting plants,presents a promising pathway towards carbon neutrality in the iron and steel industry,bridging theoretical insights with practical applications.展开更多
In Switzerland,the Opalinus Clay has been selected as a potential host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste due to its low hydraulic conductivity and favorable swelling properties.During the oper...In Switzerland,the Opalinus Clay has been selected as a potential host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste due to its low hydraulic conductivity and favorable swelling properties.During the operational phase of the repository,the host rock will be exposed to pH values as high as 13.5 due to concrete degradation,which will certainly affect its hydraulic properties.This study investigates the effect of pH increase on the water retention properties of Opalinus Clay.A series of samples from the lower sandy facies of the Mont Terri site in Switzerland,at initial dry state,were exposed to a hyperalkaline solution of pH=13.5 and to the synthetic water of pH=7.5 at different water contents.After equilibrium,the total suction was measured with a dew point potentiometer and microstructural analyses were conducted via mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique.It was found that the total suction decreased with hydration and pH increase.Since the two investigated solutions have the same osmotic suction,the decrease in total suction was attributed to the decrease in matric suction.Indeed,the total porosity increased with saturation and pH increase.This was confirmed by MIP data that evidenced an increase in the proportion of macropores,and by Barret eJoynereHalenda(BJH)data that showed mesopore generation.The specific surface area(SSA)also increased.The previous results were due to mineral hydration and,exclusively in the case of alkaline solution,to(1)the dissolution of quartz and calcite and(2)the acid-base reactions,which were concentrated at the edges of the clay particles,leading to an increase in negatively charged groups and thus to a face-to-face association of the clay particles(dispersion),causing an increase in the repulsive forces between the clay particles.In addition,the weakening of covalent bonds led to the primary dissolution of clay minerals,i.e.silicon and aluminum detachment.展开更多
As a widely used fertilizer,urea significantly promotes the leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in soils and aggravates nitrogen contamination in groundwater.Clayminerals are considered the most important facto...As a widely used fertilizer,urea significantly promotes the leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in soils and aggravates nitrogen contamination in groundwater.Clayminerals are considered the most important factor in retaining DON.However,the effect of urea on the retention of DON with different molecular weights by clay minerals is unknown.In this study,the retention of both low-molecular weight DON(LMWD)and high-molecular weight DON(HMWD)by clay minerals in the presence of urea was investigated.For this purpose,batch adsorption and soil column leaching experiments,characterization analysis(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy),and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out.Urea had a positive effect on the adsorption of LMWD,whereas a competitive effect existed for the adsorption of HMWD.The dominant interactions among DON,urea,and clay minerals included H-bonding,ligand exchange,and cation exchange.The urea was preferentially adsorbed on clay minerals and formed a complex,which provided more adsorption sites to LMWD and only a few to HMWD.The presence of urea increased the retention of LMWD and decreased the retention of HMWD in clay minerals.The retention capacity of LMWD increased by 6.9%–12.8%,while that of HMWD decreased by 6.7%–53.1%.These findings suggest that LMWD tended to be trapped in soils,while HMWD was prone to be leached into groundwater,which can be used to evaluate the leaching of DON from soil to groundwater.展开更多
BACKGROUNDGastric food retention during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) can lead to complications such as aspiration and failed procedure. Livertransplant (LT) recipients are exposed to an increas...BACKGROUNDGastric food retention during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) can lead to complications such as aspiration and failed procedure. Livertransplant (LT) recipients are exposed to an increased risk of impaired gastrointestinalmotility due to surgical alterations, immunosuppressive therapy, andpost-transplant complications. Given the high frequency of ERCP in this population,our anecdotal experience suggests an increased incidence of gastric foodretention at the time of the procedure.AIMTo evaluate the association between LT and gastric food retention observed atERCP over a two-year period.METHODSThis retrospective study included all patients who underwent standard ERCP atour institution between 2022 and 2024. Data were collected on demographics,medical history including LT and procedural details.RESULTSA total of 1100 patients underwent ERCP, including 238 LT recipients (22%).Gastric food retention was observed 17 patients (1.5%). The incidence was significantly higher in LT recipientscompared to non-transplant patients (3.8% vs 0.9%, P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis confirmed that LT recipientswere independently associated with an increased risk of food retention.CONCLUSIONLT recipients demonstrated over three-fold increased incidence of gastric food retention during ERCP. This shouldbe considered in pre-procedural assessment and preparation in this patient population.展开更多
Vegetation plays a major role in soil protection against erosion effects,and studies have also highlighted its importance in retaining sediments from roadside slopes.Yet,hydro-sedimentological studies under natural pr...Vegetation plays a major role in soil protection against erosion effects,and studies have also highlighted its importance in retaining sediments from roadside slopes.Yet,hydro-sedimentological studies under natural precipitation conditions are still scarce in semi-arid areas due to difficulties in monitoring the few and very concentrated precipitation events.Quantifying sediment connectivity and yield at watershed scale,often highly impacted by the erosion of unpaved roads,is necessary for management plans.This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of native vegetation on roadside slope segments in Caatinga biome in retaining sediments and conserving the soil in a semi-arid area of Brazil.Surface runoff,sediment concentration,and yield measurements were measured from 34 natural precipitation events in four years on two slopes with and without vegetation.The runoff coefficients of the plot with no vegetation varied from 3.0%to 58.0%,while in the vegetated plot,they showed variation from 1.0%to 21.0%.The annual specific sediment yield ranged from 4.6 to 138.7 kg/(hm^(2)•a)for the vegetated plot and from 34.9 to 608.5 kg/(hm^(2)•a)for the unvegetated one.These results indicate a 4 to 12 times higher soil loss on the unvegetated slope in relation to the vegetated one and demonstrate that natural Caatinga vegetation acts as an effective barrier against surface-transported sediments.Moreover,natural Caatinga vegetation present on the slope plays an important role in breaking connectivity between sediment flows from unpaved roads and the watershed drainage system.These findings indicate that investments in unpaved road and roadside slope restoration,not only enhance road infrastructure but also promote environmental gains by reducing the impact of erosion.展开更多
Gastric retention is a common complication in individuals receiving enteral nutrition(EN)via a nasogastric tube,increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia and causing unnecessary interruptions in nutritional support....Gastric retention is a common complication in individuals receiving enteral nutrition(EN)via a nasogastric tube,increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia and causing unnecessary interruptions in nutritional support.Given its clinical significance,establishing effective,evidence-based,and standardized manage-ment strategies is essential for bettering patient outcomes and mitigating compli-cations.This review systematically synthesized the diagnostic criteria,assessment methods,influencing factors,management procedures,and intervention strategies for gastric retention in EN patients.Although no universal consensus exists re-garding gastric residual volume(GRV)thresholds,evidence indicates that EN can continue at high GRV levels in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.Bedside ultrasound emerged as a non-invasive,and precise method GRV assessment,offering potential to standardize clinical practice.Key risk factors for gastric retention include neurological disorders and EN infusion rates exceeding 100 mL/h.Effective management strategies encompass non-pharmacological inter-ventions,pharmacological agents,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)the-rapies.This review underscored the need for integrated,multi-modal manage-ment strategies and recommended the adoption of bedside ultrasound and stan-dardized protocols to optimize EN delivery and improve patient outcomes.Large-scale,multicenter clinical trials should be a priority for future investigation to verify the effectiveness of TCM therapies and develop personalized intervention plans for high-risk patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oil-based iodinated contrast media have excellent contrast properties and are widely used for hysterosalpingographic evaluation of female infertility.On abdominal radiography and computed tomography(CT)scan...BACKGROUND Oil-based iodinated contrast media have excellent contrast properties and are widely used for hysterosalpingographic evaluation of female infertility.On abdominal radiography and computed tomography(CT)scans,their radiodensity is similar to that of metallic objects,which can sometimes lead to diagnostic confusion in the postoperative settings.In this case,retained oil-based contrast medium was observed on an abdominal radiograph following a cesarean section,making it difficult to differentiate from an intraperitoneal foreign body from surgery.The patient was a 37-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our hospital at 32 weeks and 1 day of pregnancy due to complete placenta previa for mana-gement of pregnancy and delivery.An elective cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks and 3 days.A plain abdominal radiograph taken immediately after surgery revealed a near-round,hyperdense,mass-like shadow with a regular margin in the pelvic cavity.An intraperitoneal foreign body was suspected;therefore,an abdominal CT scan was performed.The foreign body was located on the left side of the pouch of Douglas and had a CT value of 7000 Hounsfield units,similar to that of metals.The CT value strongly suggested the presence of an artificial object.However,further inquiries with the patient and her previous physician revealed a history of hysterosalpingography.Accordingly,retained oil-based iodinated contrast medium was suspected,and observation of the object’s course was adopted.CONCLUSION When intraperitoneal foreign bodies are suspected on postoperative radiographs,the possibility of oil-based iodinated contrast medium retention should be considered.展开更多
Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions...Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions are critical factors influencing membrane fouling. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous impacts of temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variations on membrane fouling. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and HRTs (6 h, 9 h, and 15 h). The results demonstrated that increases in both temperature and HRT contributed to a reduction in membrane fouling. Additionally, a positive interaction between temperature and HRT was observed in the linear slope variation of membrane permeation, with temperature variations exerting a greater influence on membrane fouling than HRT variations. Fouling factor analysis revealed that increases in temperature and HRT led to decreased concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly carbohydrates, in the activated sludge. Analyses of the cake layer of the membrane indicated that increasing temperature and HRT reduced EPS levels, particularly polysaccharides and proteins;altered primary protein structure;and increased the mean particle size distribution. Ultimately, these changes led to reductions in both reversible and irreversible hydraulic resistances. This study highlights the importance of optimizing operational parameters such as temperature and HRT to enhance membrane performance and treatment efficiency in MBR systems while mitigating fouling.展开更多
For the purpose of satisfying high demands for taste,color,flavor,and storage of meat products,water retention agents(WRAs)play an important role.Phosphate has been widely used as an attractive functional material for...For the purpose of satisfying high demands for taste,color,flavor,and storage of meat products,water retention agents(WRAs)play an important role.Phosphate has been widely used as an attractive functional material for water retention in current practical applications.However,excessive phosphate addition and longterm consumption may be harmful impacts on health and the environment.Therefore,it is vital to develop safe and efficient phosphate-free WRAs for further improving water-holding capacity(WHC)efficacy and edible safety,especially in meat products.In particular,sugar water retention agents(SWRAs)are increasingly popular because of their perfect safety,excellent WHC,and superior biological properties.This review discusses the inducements and mechanisms underlying water loss in meat products.In addition,we focused on the research progresses and related mechanisms of SWRAs in the WHC of meat products and its unique biological functions,as well as the extraction technology.Finally,the future application and development of SWRA were prospected.展开更多
The water retention curve(WRC)has been widely used to quantify moisture transport characteristics of maritime snowpack.However,there is a notable deficiency in experimental studies focused on the WRC of dry-cold snowp...The water retention curve(WRC)has been widely used to quantify moisture transport characteristics of maritime snowpack.However,there is a notable deficiency in experimental studies focused on the WRC of dry-cold snowpack in continental climate conditions.This study selected dry-cold snowpack samples with five densities to measure the variations in volumetric water content using the pressure plate method.The Van Genuchten(VG)and Brooks-Corey(BC)models were then used to fit the snowpack WRCs,aiming to investigate their applicability to dry-cold snowpack and explore the relationship between the model parameters and snowpack characteristics.The results indicated that:(1)Compared to the particle size and the ratio of snowpack density to particle size,the snowpack density shows a higher correlation with the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(2)There is a nonlinear relationship between the snowpack density and the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(3)Both the BC and VG models provide a high level of accuracy in fitting the experimental data,with the BC model showing slightly better precision.However,after regression correction,the VG model outperforms the BC model.The findings provide support for in-depth studies of moisture movement characteristics in different types of snow,and have significantly practical value for improving the accuracy of early warning systems for hazards such as avalanches and floods.展开更多
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is a vital tool for diagnosing and treating biliary and pancreatic disorders,but its safety and efficacy are marred by preoperative gastric retention.Jia et al retro...Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is a vital tool for diagnosing and treating biliary and pancreatic disorders,but its safety and efficacy are marred by preoperative gastric retention.Jia et al retrospectively analyzed 190 patients who underwent ERCP and found that gastrointestinal obstruction,jaundice,opioid use,female sex,and primary diseases were in-dependent predictors and risk factors of preoperative gastric retention.Based on these findings and comprehensive analysis,a proposed predictive model offers clinicians valuable tools to tailor preoperative strategies,improving the proce-dural safety and efficacy of ERCP.Despite having several limitations,like single-center design and limited generalizability,the study marks a significant advan-cement in optimizing ERCP outcomes through predictive analytics.Further research with larger populations and prospective designs is warranted to establish these findings.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to examine the influence of behavioral lifestyle factors on recent episodic memory retention capacity among young-old adults(aged 60-69 years)in China.The findings provide scientific evidenc...Objective:This study aimed to examine the influence of behavioral lifestyle factors on recent episodic memory retention capacity among young-old adults(aged 60-69 years)in China.The findings provide scientific evidence to inform proactive strategies to mitigate cognitive decline risk within China’s rapidly aging population.Methods:Utilizing data from the 2022 wave of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),a total of 2,772 adults aged 60-69 were included in the analytical sample.Recent episodic memory retention capacity(scored 0-5 points,based on self-reported assessment)served as the dependent variable.Six categories of behavioral lifestyle indicators(including exercise frequency,sleep quality,dietary patterns,etc.)were analyzed as independent variables.Associations were assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression models,controlling for relevant covariates.Results:Self-reported potential impairment in recent episodic memory was identified by 47.19%of respondents.Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between behavioral lifestyle factors and memory retention capacity.Regular exercise(OR=1.297,95%CI:1.118-1.504),meat consumption(OR=1.765,95%CI:1.393-2.237),regular reading habits(OR=1.599,95%CI:1.283-1.992),and internet use(OR=1.413,95%CI:1.217-1.641)emerged as significant protective factors.Abnormal sleep duration was detrimentally associated with retention capacity(too short:OR=0.728,95%CI:0.591-0.897;too long:OR=0.810,95%CI:0.670-0.980).Significant associations were also observed for control variables:urban residence(OR=1.270,95%CI:1.100-1.467),high school education or above(OR=1.543,95%CI:1.293-1.841),and better self-rated health status(OR=1.156,95%CI:1.089-1.227)were positively correlated with better memory retention.Conclusions:Optimal sleep duration,regular physical exercise,meat intake,habitual reading,and internet engagement positively predict self-assessed recent episodic memory retention capacity in Chinese young-old adults.These findings underscore the potential for multi-faceted lifestyle interventions to enhance cog-nitive health in aging populations.Specifically,strategies should encompass community-based sleep hygiene management,tailored nutritional interventions(especially promoting adequate protein sources like meat),enhanced digital literacy and internet accessibility programs,and the promotion of age-appropriate physical activity initiatives.Furthermore,implementing culturally responsive strategies adapted to urban-rural contexts-such as deploying“mobile cognitive health units”in rural areas and fostering digital reading platforms in urban settings-is recommended to optimize intervention effectiveness.展开更多
The thiol-imidazole functionalized(p-triphenyl-pentafluorobenzaldehyde)polymer(IMPTP)was prepared and quaternized with different side chains to obtain imidazolium-modified Me-IMPTP,He-IMPTP and BIM-IMPTP membranes for...The thiol-imidazole functionalized(p-triphenyl-pentafluorobenzaldehyde)polymer(IMPTP)was prepared and quaternized with different side chains to obtain imidazolium-modified Me-IMPTP,He-IMPTP and BIM-IMPTP membranes for application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFCs).The presence of the thioether group in the polymers enabled radical scavenging for antioxidant properties,while imidazolium cations interacted strongly with H_(2)PO_(4) to prevent phosphoric acid(PA)leaching.The prepared BIM-IMPTP membrane incorporating bisimidazolium cation string with a long alkyl spacer demonstrated the highest mass retention of 82.93%after being immersed in Fenton's reagent for 24 h.Additionally,the PA-doped BIM-IMPTP membranes exhibited excellent PA retention under high-humidity conditions(80℃/100%RH).The single cell equipped with the BIM-IMPTP/320%PA membrane achieved a maximum power density(PDmax)of 945 mW cm^(-2)at 160℃.Among the four membranes with a similar acid doping content(ADC),the BIM-IMPTP/163%PA membrane with bis-cation pairs in the side chains exhibited a well-developed microphase-separated structure and high proton conductivity(119.0 mS cm^(-1)at 180℃).The single cell assembled with BIM-IMPTP/163%PA membrane maintained a PDmax of 613 mW cm^(-2)at 160℃ and demonstrated long-term operational stability under both 150/400 mA cm^(-2)and 80℃/200 mA cm^(-2)conditions.These results indicate that the introduction of thioether and bis-cation pairs in the structural design of polymers contributes significantly to the long-term stability of HT-PEMs.展开更多
The dynamic routing mechanism in evolvable networks enables adaptive reconfiguration of topol-ogical structures and transmission pathways based on real-time task requirements and data character-istics.However,the heig...The dynamic routing mechanism in evolvable networks enables adaptive reconfiguration of topol-ogical structures and transmission pathways based on real-time task requirements and data character-istics.However,the heightened architectural complexity and expanded parameter dimensionality in evolvable networks present significant implementation challenges when deployed in resource-con-strained environments.Due to the critical paths ignored,traditional pruning strategies cannot get a desired trade-off between accuracy and efficiency.For this reason,a critical path retention pruning(CPRP)method is proposed.By deeply traversing the computational graph,the dependency rela-tionship among nodes is derived.Then the nodes are grouped and sorted according to their contribu-tion value.The redundant operations are removed as much as possible while ensuring that the criti-cal path is not affected.As a result,computational efficiency is improved while a higher accuracy is maintained.On the CIFAR benchmark,the experimental results demonstrate that CPRP-induced pruning incurs accuracy degradation below 4.00%,while outperforming traditional feature-agnostic grouping methods by an average 8.98%accuracy improvement.Simultaneously,the pruned model attains a 2.41 times inference acceleration while achieving 48.92%parameter compression and 53.40%floating-point operations(FLOPs)reduction.展开更多
To elucidate the adsorption characteristics and retention mechanisms of fracturing fluids in diverse clay minerals,we conducted on-line nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)experiments.The de...To elucidate the adsorption characteristics and retention mechanisms of fracturing fluids in diverse clay minerals,we conducted on-line nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)experiments.The depth and extent of solid phase damage are determined by the ratio between the size of fine fractions in fracturing fluid residue and the pore-throat size in experiments.Poor physical properties(K<0.5 mD)result in a more preferential flow pathway effect during flowback,and the stepwise incremental pressure differential proves to be more effective for the discharge of fracturing fluid in submicron pore throats.The permeability is significantly influenced by the differential distri-bution of retained fracturing fluid,as supported by direct experimental evidence.The presence of good physical properties(K>0.5 mD)combined with a scattered distribution of retained fracturing fluid is associated with high gas phase recovery permeability,whereas a continuous sheet-like distribution results in low recovery permeability.The expansive surface area and presence of filamentous illite minerals facilitate the multiple winding and adsorption of fracturing fluids,demonstrating strong hydrogen-bonding,multi-layering and multiple adsorption properties.The geological characteristics of the main gas formations exhibit significant variation,and the severity of damage caused by fracturing fluids occurs in diverse sequences.To address this issue,a differentiated strategy for optimizing frac-turing fluids has been proposed.展开更多
This study investigated the hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of unsaturated coarse-grained railway embankment fill materials(CREFMs)using a novel unsaturated large-scale triaxial apparatus equipped with the axis tra...This study investigated the hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of unsaturated coarse-grained railway embankment fill materials(CREFMs)using a novel unsaturated large-scale triaxial apparatus equipped with the axis translation technique(ATT).Comprehensive soil-water retention and constant-suction triaxial compression tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of initial void ratio,matric suction,and confining pressure on the properties of CREFMs.Key findings reveal a primary suction range of 0 e100 kPa characterized by hysteresis,which intensifies with decreasing density.Notably,the air entry value and residual suction are influenced by void ratio,with higher void ratios leading to decreased air entry values and residual suctions,underscoring the critical role of void ratio in hydraulic behavior.Additionally,the critical state line(CSL)in the bi-logarithmic space of void ratio and mean effective stress shifts towards higher void ratios with increasing matric suction,significantly affecting dilatancy and critical states.Furthermore,the study demonstrated that the mobilized friction angle and modulus properties depend on confining pressure and matric suction.A novel modified dilatancy equation was proposed,which enhances the predictability of CREFMs'responses under variable loading,particularly at high stress ratios defined by the deviatoric stress over the mean effective stress.This research advances the understanding of CREFMs'performance,especially under fluctuating environmental conditions that alter suction levels.展开更多
Proteoglycans,key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix,attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.Among these proteoglycans,biglycan(Bgn)and decorin(Dcn)are major subt...Proteoglycans,key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix,attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.Among these proteoglycans,biglycan(Bgn)and decorin(Dcn)are major subtypes,yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive.In this study,we utilized single knockout(KO)mouse models and successfully generated double KO(dKO)models despite challenges with low yield.Bgn deficiency,but not Dcn deficiency,decreased trabecular bone mass,with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups,especially in Bgn KO and dKO mice.Moreover,both Bgn KO and dKO mice exhibited reduced fracture toughness compared to Dcn KO mice.Dcn was significantly upregulated in Bgn KO mice,while a modest upregulation of Bgn was observed in Dcn KO mice,indicating Bgn’s predominant role in bone.High resolution atomic force microscopy showed decreased in situ permanent energy dissipation and increased elastic modulus in the extrafibrillar matrix of Bgn/Dcn deficient mice,which were diminished upon dehydration.Furthermore,we found that both Bgn and Dcn are indispensable for the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Collectively,our results highlight the distinct and indispensable roles of Bgn and Dcn in maintaining bone structure,water retention,and bulk/in situ tissue properties in the bone matrix,with Bgn exerting a predominant influence.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Cauda equina syndrome(CES)is characterized by a group of symptoms that may be caused by inflammation,spinal cord compression,venous congestion,or ischemia.This syndrome is commonly an indication for surgical intervention but has not been determined as a postoperative complication following surgery for lumbar spine disease.CASE SUMMARY To report the case of a 54-year-old male patient who had CES following spinal surgery,with no obvious compression lesions found during re-exploration,suggesting that vascular insufficiency may have contributed to the condition.Furthermore,a series of urodynamic studies on bladder recovery patterns in such complications have also been investigated.CONCLUSION Postoperative CES requires urgent imaging and exploration to rule out compression;noncompressive cases,including vascular insufficiency may performed conservative management.
基金supported by the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA), Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) through the California Department of Food and Agriculture (SCB15015)partly also by funding from the California Leafy Greens Research Board and by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program。
文摘Fresh-cut lettuce is widely used in ready-to-eat salads sold in modified atmosphere packages (MAP).Even in MAP,fresh-cut lettuce has short shelf life that results in loss of nutrients.Lettuce cultivars exhibit genetic variation for shelf life in MAP,but their variation for nutrient retention is not known.Fifty accessions were evaluated for initial content of ascorbic acid (AsA),carotenoids,and sugars and their retention in storage.Accessions with high content and/or good retention of one or more nutrients were identified.The romaine accession ‘Floricos’ had high levels of all the three nutrients.Accessions with relatively high retention of all the three nutrients were ‘Salinas 88’,‘Siskiyou’,‘Solar’,SM09A,‘Romance’,and ‘Green Towers’.Romaine cultivars,‘Balady Barrage’,‘Green Towers’,and ‘Darkland’ had relatively high initial levels of all tested nutrients and good rate of their retention.There was no clear correlation between initial AsA/carotene concentrations and their retention rates,suggesting that besides content,retention of nutrients should also be a breeding target in a lettuce nutritional improvement program.Statistical analyses with the Pearson's correlation coefficient determined a negative relationship between tissue deterioration(AUDePS) and retention of all tested nutrients[r of-0.52 (P<0.0001) for AsA,-0.27 (P<0.01) for total carotene,and-0.59 (P<0.0001) for total sugars],suggesting that an increase in tissue deterioration intensifies nutrient decay.Broad-sense heritability (H^(2)) across the experiments was0.15 for AsA,0.23 for total carotene,and 0.50 for total sugars.Identification of germplasm with high nutrient content,extended shelf life and good nutrient retention provides valuable information for the lettuce industry and associated breeding programs.
基金funded by Directorate General of Higher Education,Reserach,and Technology,Ministry of Education,Culture,Reserach,and Technology of Indonesia(Grant number:1325/UN3.LPPM/PT.01.03/2023).
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to explore the voices of Indonesian migrant nurses on their retention in Japanese healthcare facilities.Methods:A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between June and September 2023.The snowball sampling method was utilized to recruit 22 Indonesian nurses working in healthcare facilities in seven prefectures of Japan.Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on their shared experiences.All interview data were audio-recorded,transcribed verbatim,and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results:Six prominent themes and 15 subthemes emerged:1)organizational factors(caring leader,involvement in decision making,career development,and participation in training);2)social support systems(group support,colleagues support and friend support);3)individual drive(lifelong learning and persistent);4)national policies(government support in public service and flexibility in finding a comfortable placement);5)family factors(positive support of child education and development and maintaining relationship with spouse);and 6)economic factors(staying due to high salary and increasing income streams).Conclusions:Retention of Indonesian migrant nurses in Japan is a multifaceted challenge that hinges on various interconnected factors.This study has gone some way toward enhancing our understanding of international nurse retention in the receiving countries.Corresponding supports at the individual,family,organizational,economic,social,and national policy levels should be considered to keep them in their destination countries.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230017)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(2024AH050153)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52322407,52274313)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750013).
文摘This study explores the unique role of CO_(2)as an oxidant in stainless steel smelting,focusing on its effectiveness in decarbonization and chromium retention.The research begins by theoretically demonstrating that although the introduction of CO_(2)increases the CO partial pressure in the reaction system,the decarburization and chromium(Cr)retention capabilities of CO_(2)can still be stably maintained through the rational adjustment of the molten steel composition,temperature,and inert gas proportions.Further experimental findings indicate that chromium does not exhibit significant oxidation losses when the carbon(C)content exceeds 1.0%(mass).Finally,a novel CO_(2)recovery and utilization approach is proposed,integrating CO_(2)capture from smelting flue gas and recycling it for smelting,reducing O_(2)consumption and energy costs.This innovative process,compatible with existing smelting plants,presents a promising pathway towards carbon neutrality in the iron and steel industry,bridging theoretical insights with practical applications.
文摘In Switzerland,the Opalinus Clay has been selected as a potential host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste due to its low hydraulic conductivity and favorable swelling properties.During the operational phase of the repository,the host rock will be exposed to pH values as high as 13.5 due to concrete degradation,which will certainly affect its hydraulic properties.This study investigates the effect of pH increase on the water retention properties of Opalinus Clay.A series of samples from the lower sandy facies of the Mont Terri site in Switzerland,at initial dry state,were exposed to a hyperalkaline solution of pH=13.5 and to the synthetic water of pH=7.5 at different water contents.After equilibrium,the total suction was measured with a dew point potentiometer and microstructural analyses were conducted via mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique.It was found that the total suction decreased with hydration and pH increase.Since the two investigated solutions have the same osmotic suction,the decrease in total suction was attributed to the decrease in matric suction.Indeed,the total porosity increased with saturation and pH increase.This was confirmed by MIP data that evidenced an increase in the proportion of macropores,and by Barret eJoynereHalenda(BJH)data that showed mesopore generation.The specific surface area(SSA)also increased.The previous results were due to mineral hydration and,exclusively in the case of alkaline solution,to(1)the dissolution of quartz and calcite and(2)the acid-base reactions,which were concentrated at the edges of the clay particles,leading to an increase in negatively charged groups and thus to a face-to-face association of the clay particles(dispersion),causing an increase in the repulsive forces between the clay particles.In addition,the weakening of covalent bonds led to the primary dissolution of clay minerals,i.e.silicon and aluminum detachment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107052)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ21031).
文摘As a widely used fertilizer,urea significantly promotes the leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in soils and aggravates nitrogen contamination in groundwater.Clayminerals are considered the most important factor in retaining DON.However,the effect of urea on the retention of DON with different molecular weights by clay minerals is unknown.In this study,the retention of both low-molecular weight DON(LMWD)and high-molecular weight DON(HMWD)by clay minerals in the presence of urea was investigated.For this purpose,batch adsorption and soil column leaching experiments,characterization analysis(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy),and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out.Urea had a positive effect on the adsorption of LMWD,whereas a competitive effect existed for the adsorption of HMWD.The dominant interactions among DON,urea,and clay minerals included H-bonding,ligand exchange,and cation exchange.The urea was preferentially adsorbed on clay minerals and formed a complex,which provided more adsorption sites to LMWD and only a few to HMWD.The presence of urea increased the retention of LMWD and decreased the retention of HMWD in clay minerals.The retention capacity of LMWD increased by 6.9%–12.8%,while that of HMWD decreased by 6.7%–53.1%.These findings suggest that LMWD tended to be trapped in soils,while HMWD was prone to be leached into groundwater,which can be used to evaluate the leaching of DON from soil to groundwater.
文摘BACKGROUNDGastric food retention during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) can lead to complications such as aspiration and failed procedure. Livertransplant (LT) recipients are exposed to an increased risk of impaired gastrointestinalmotility due to surgical alterations, immunosuppressive therapy, andpost-transplant complications. Given the high frequency of ERCP in this population,our anecdotal experience suggests an increased incidence of gastric foodretention at the time of the procedure.AIMTo evaluate the association between LT and gastric food retention observed atERCP over a two-year period.METHODSThis retrospective study included all patients who underwent standard ERCP atour institution between 2022 and 2024. Data were collected on demographics,medical history including LT and procedural details.RESULTSA total of 1100 patients underwent ERCP, including 238 LT recipients (22%).Gastric food retention was observed 17 patients (1.5%). The incidence was significantly higher in LT recipientscompared to non-transplant patients (3.8% vs 0.9%, P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis confirmed that LT recipientswere independently associated with an increased risk of food retention.CONCLUSIONLT recipients demonstrated over three-fold increased incidence of gastric food retention during ERCP. This shouldbe considered in pre-procedural assessment and preparation in this patient population.
基金the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for funding the field studies and for the research productivity fellowship (CNPq/PQ) awarded to Pedro Henrique Augusto MEDEIROS and José Carlos de ARAúJOthe Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the doctoral scholarship awarded to Teresa Raquel Lima FARIAS (2117/13-4)the Foundation for the Support of Scientific and Technological Development in the State of Ceará (FUNCAP) for the master scholarship awarded to Maria Thereza Rocha CHAVES。
文摘Vegetation plays a major role in soil protection against erosion effects,and studies have also highlighted its importance in retaining sediments from roadside slopes.Yet,hydro-sedimentological studies under natural precipitation conditions are still scarce in semi-arid areas due to difficulties in monitoring the few and very concentrated precipitation events.Quantifying sediment connectivity and yield at watershed scale,often highly impacted by the erosion of unpaved roads,is necessary for management plans.This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of native vegetation on roadside slope segments in Caatinga biome in retaining sediments and conserving the soil in a semi-arid area of Brazil.Surface runoff,sediment concentration,and yield measurements were measured from 34 natural precipitation events in four years on two slopes with and without vegetation.The runoff coefficients of the plot with no vegetation varied from 3.0%to 58.0%,while in the vegetated plot,they showed variation from 1.0%to 21.0%.The annual specific sediment yield ranged from 4.6 to 138.7 kg/(hm^(2)•a)for the vegetated plot and from 34.9 to 608.5 kg/(hm^(2)•a)for the unvegetated one.These results indicate a 4 to 12 times higher soil loss on the unvegetated slope in relation to the vegetated one and demonstrate that natural Caatinga vegetation acts as an effective barrier against surface-transported sediments.Moreover,natural Caatinga vegetation present on the slope plays an important role in breaking connectivity between sediment flows from unpaved roads and the watershed drainage system.These findings indicate that investments in unpaved road and roadside slope restoration,not only enhance road infrastructure but also promote environmental gains by reducing the impact of erosion.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Technology Planning Project,No.2019332856.
文摘Gastric retention is a common complication in individuals receiving enteral nutrition(EN)via a nasogastric tube,increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia and causing unnecessary interruptions in nutritional support.Given its clinical significance,establishing effective,evidence-based,and standardized manage-ment strategies is essential for bettering patient outcomes and mitigating compli-cations.This review systematically synthesized the diagnostic criteria,assessment methods,influencing factors,management procedures,and intervention strategies for gastric retention in EN patients.Although no universal consensus exists re-garding gastric residual volume(GRV)thresholds,evidence indicates that EN can continue at high GRV levels in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.Bedside ultrasound emerged as a non-invasive,and precise method GRV assessment,offering potential to standardize clinical practice.Key risk factors for gastric retention include neurological disorders and EN infusion rates exceeding 100 mL/h.Effective management strategies encompass non-pharmacological inter-ventions,pharmacological agents,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)the-rapies.This review underscored the need for integrated,multi-modal manage-ment strategies and recommended the adoption of bedside ultrasound and stan-dardized protocols to optimize EN delivery and improve patient outcomes.Large-scale,multicenter clinical trials should be a priority for future investigation to verify the effectiveness of TCM therapies and develop personalized intervention plans for high-risk patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Oil-based iodinated contrast media have excellent contrast properties and are widely used for hysterosalpingographic evaluation of female infertility.On abdominal radiography and computed tomography(CT)scans,their radiodensity is similar to that of metallic objects,which can sometimes lead to diagnostic confusion in the postoperative settings.In this case,retained oil-based contrast medium was observed on an abdominal radiograph following a cesarean section,making it difficult to differentiate from an intraperitoneal foreign body from surgery.The patient was a 37-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our hospital at 32 weeks and 1 day of pregnancy due to complete placenta previa for mana-gement of pregnancy and delivery.An elective cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks and 3 days.A plain abdominal radiograph taken immediately after surgery revealed a near-round,hyperdense,mass-like shadow with a regular margin in the pelvic cavity.An intraperitoneal foreign body was suspected;therefore,an abdominal CT scan was performed.The foreign body was located on the left side of the pouch of Douglas and had a CT value of 7000 Hounsfield units,similar to that of metals.The CT value strongly suggested the presence of an artificial object.However,further inquiries with the patient and her previous physician revealed a history of hysterosalpingography.Accordingly,retained oil-based iodinated contrast medium was suspected,and observation of the object’s course was adopted.CONCLUSION When intraperitoneal foreign bodies are suspected on postoperative radiographs,the possibility of oil-based iodinated contrast medium retention should be considered.
文摘Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions are critical factors influencing membrane fouling. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous impacts of temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variations on membrane fouling. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and HRTs (6 h, 9 h, and 15 h). The results demonstrated that increases in both temperature and HRT contributed to a reduction in membrane fouling. Additionally, a positive interaction between temperature and HRT was observed in the linear slope variation of membrane permeation, with temperature variations exerting a greater influence on membrane fouling than HRT variations. Fouling factor analysis revealed that increases in temperature and HRT led to decreased concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly carbohydrates, in the activated sludge. Analyses of the cake layer of the membrane indicated that increasing temperature and HRT reduced EPS levels, particularly polysaccharides and proteins;altered primary protein structure;and increased the mean particle size distribution. Ultimately, these changes led to reductions in both reversible and irreversible hydraulic resistances. This study highlights the importance of optimizing operational parameters such as temperature and HRT to enhance membrane performance and treatment efficiency in MBR systems while mitigating fouling.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51901160)。
文摘For the purpose of satisfying high demands for taste,color,flavor,and storage of meat products,water retention agents(WRAs)play an important role.Phosphate has been widely used as an attractive functional material for water retention in current practical applications.However,excessive phosphate addition and longterm consumption may be harmful impacts on health and the environment.Therefore,it is vital to develop safe and efficient phosphate-free WRAs for further improving water-holding capacity(WHC)efficacy and edible safety,especially in meat products.In particular,sugar water retention agents(SWRAs)are increasingly popular because of their perfect safety,excellent WHC,and superior biological properties.This review discusses the inducements and mechanisms underlying water loss in meat products.In addition,we focused on the research progresses and related mechanisms of SWRAs in the WHC of meat products and its unique biological functions,as well as the extraction technology.Finally,the future application and development of SWRA were prospected.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.XJYS0907-2023-23)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant 42371146,42401167)+3 种基金the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2022xjkk0602)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2022444)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0720203)The International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(131965KYSB20210018)。
文摘The water retention curve(WRC)has been widely used to quantify moisture transport characteristics of maritime snowpack.However,there is a notable deficiency in experimental studies focused on the WRC of dry-cold snowpack in continental climate conditions.This study selected dry-cold snowpack samples with five densities to measure the variations in volumetric water content using the pressure plate method.The Van Genuchten(VG)and Brooks-Corey(BC)models were then used to fit the snowpack WRCs,aiming to investigate their applicability to dry-cold snowpack and explore the relationship between the model parameters and snowpack characteristics.The results indicated that:(1)Compared to the particle size and the ratio of snowpack density to particle size,the snowpack density shows a higher correlation with the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(2)There is a nonlinear relationship between the snowpack density and the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(3)Both the BC and VG models provide a high level of accuracy in fitting the experimental data,with the BC model showing slightly better precision.However,after regression correction,the VG model outperforms the BC model.The findings provide support for in-depth studies of moisture movement characteristics in different types of snow,and have significantly practical value for improving the accuracy of early warning systems for hazards such as avalanches and floods.
文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is a vital tool for diagnosing and treating biliary and pancreatic disorders,but its safety and efficacy are marred by preoperative gastric retention.Jia et al retrospectively analyzed 190 patients who underwent ERCP and found that gastrointestinal obstruction,jaundice,opioid use,female sex,and primary diseases were in-dependent predictors and risk factors of preoperative gastric retention.Based on these findings and comprehensive analysis,a proposed predictive model offers clinicians valuable tools to tailor preoperative strategies,improving the proce-dural safety and efficacy of ERCP.Despite having several limitations,like single-center design and limited generalizability,the study marks a significant advan-cement in optimizing ERCP outcomes through predictive analytics.Further research with larger populations and prospective designs is warranted to establish these findings.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to examine the influence of behavioral lifestyle factors on recent episodic memory retention capacity among young-old adults(aged 60-69 years)in China.The findings provide scientific evidence to inform proactive strategies to mitigate cognitive decline risk within China’s rapidly aging population.Methods:Utilizing data from the 2022 wave of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),a total of 2,772 adults aged 60-69 were included in the analytical sample.Recent episodic memory retention capacity(scored 0-5 points,based on self-reported assessment)served as the dependent variable.Six categories of behavioral lifestyle indicators(including exercise frequency,sleep quality,dietary patterns,etc.)were analyzed as independent variables.Associations were assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression models,controlling for relevant covariates.Results:Self-reported potential impairment in recent episodic memory was identified by 47.19%of respondents.Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between behavioral lifestyle factors and memory retention capacity.Regular exercise(OR=1.297,95%CI:1.118-1.504),meat consumption(OR=1.765,95%CI:1.393-2.237),regular reading habits(OR=1.599,95%CI:1.283-1.992),and internet use(OR=1.413,95%CI:1.217-1.641)emerged as significant protective factors.Abnormal sleep duration was detrimentally associated with retention capacity(too short:OR=0.728,95%CI:0.591-0.897;too long:OR=0.810,95%CI:0.670-0.980).Significant associations were also observed for control variables:urban residence(OR=1.270,95%CI:1.100-1.467),high school education or above(OR=1.543,95%CI:1.293-1.841),and better self-rated health status(OR=1.156,95%CI:1.089-1.227)were positively correlated with better memory retention.Conclusions:Optimal sleep duration,regular physical exercise,meat intake,habitual reading,and internet engagement positively predict self-assessed recent episodic memory retention capacity in Chinese young-old adults.These findings underscore the potential for multi-faceted lifestyle interventions to enhance cog-nitive health in aging populations.Specifically,strategies should encompass community-based sleep hygiene management,tailored nutritional interventions(especially promoting adequate protein sources like meat),enhanced digital literacy and internet accessibility programs,and the promotion of age-appropriate physical activity initiatives.Furthermore,implementing culturally responsive strategies adapted to urban-rural contexts-such as deploying“mobile cognitive health units”in rural areas and fostering digital reading platforms in urban settings-is recommended to optimize intervention effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179047)the Development of Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province(20230201139GX).
文摘The thiol-imidazole functionalized(p-triphenyl-pentafluorobenzaldehyde)polymer(IMPTP)was prepared and quaternized with different side chains to obtain imidazolium-modified Me-IMPTP,He-IMPTP and BIM-IMPTP membranes for application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFCs).The presence of the thioether group in the polymers enabled radical scavenging for antioxidant properties,while imidazolium cations interacted strongly with H_(2)PO_(4) to prevent phosphoric acid(PA)leaching.The prepared BIM-IMPTP membrane incorporating bisimidazolium cation string with a long alkyl spacer demonstrated the highest mass retention of 82.93%after being immersed in Fenton's reagent for 24 h.Additionally,the PA-doped BIM-IMPTP membranes exhibited excellent PA retention under high-humidity conditions(80℃/100%RH).The single cell equipped with the BIM-IMPTP/320%PA membrane achieved a maximum power density(PDmax)of 945 mW cm^(-2)at 160℃.Among the four membranes with a similar acid doping content(ADC),the BIM-IMPTP/163%PA membrane with bis-cation pairs in the side chains exhibited a well-developed microphase-separated structure and high proton conductivity(119.0 mS cm^(-1)at 180℃).The single cell assembled with BIM-IMPTP/163%PA membrane maintained a PDmax of 613 mW cm^(-2)at 160℃ and demonstrated long-term operational stability under both 150/400 mA cm^(-2)and 80℃/200 mA cm^(-2)conditions.These results indicate that the introduction of thioether and bis-cation pairs in the structural design of polymers contributes significantly to the long-term stability of HT-PEMs.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022ZD0119003)and the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.61834005).
文摘The dynamic routing mechanism in evolvable networks enables adaptive reconfiguration of topol-ogical structures and transmission pathways based on real-time task requirements and data character-istics.However,the heightened architectural complexity and expanded parameter dimensionality in evolvable networks present significant implementation challenges when deployed in resource-con-strained environments.Due to the critical paths ignored,traditional pruning strategies cannot get a desired trade-off between accuracy and efficiency.For this reason,a critical path retention pruning(CPRP)method is proposed.By deeply traversing the computational graph,the dependency rela-tionship among nodes is derived.Then the nodes are grouped and sorted according to their contribu-tion value.The redundant operations are removed as much as possible while ensuring that the criti-cal path is not affected.As a result,computational efficiency is improved while a higher accuracy is maintained.On the CIFAR benchmark,the experimental results demonstrate that CPRP-induced pruning incurs accuracy degradation below 4.00%,while outperforming traditional feature-agnostic grouping methods by an average 8.98%accuracy improvement.Simultaneously,the pruned model attains a 2.41 times inference acceleration while achieving 48.92%parameter compression and 53.40%floating-point operations(FLOPs)reduction.
基金supported by the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Project(No.2021JDTDO017)the open Fund(PLN2022-11)of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)+1 种基金Southwest Petroleum University Graduate Innovation Fund(No.2022KYCX021)Jian Tian would like to acknowledge the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52404023).
文摘To elucidate the adsorption characteristics and retention mechanisms of fracturing fluids in diverse clay minerals,we conducted on-line nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)experiments.The depth and extent of solid phase damage are determined by the ratio between the size of fine fractions in fracturing fluid residue and the pore-throat size in experiments.Poor physical properties(K<0.5 mD)result in a more preferential flow pathway effect during flowback,and the stepwise incremental pressure differential proves to be more effective for the discharge of fracturing fluid in submicron pore throats.The permeability is significantly influenced by the differential distri-bution of retained fracturing fluid,as supported by direct experimental evidence.The presence of good physical properties(K>0.5 mD)combined with a scattered distribution of retained fracturing fluid is associated with high gas phase recovery permeability,whereas a continuous sheet-like distribution results in low recovery permeability.The expansive surface area and presence of filamentous illite minerals facilitate the multiple winding and adsorption of fracturing fluids,demonstrating strong hydrogen-bonding,multi-layering and multiple adsorption properties.The geological characteristics of the main gas formations exhibit significant variation,and the severity of damage caused by fracturing fluids occurs in diverse sequences.To address this issue,a differentiated strategy for optimizing frac-turing fluids has been proposed.
基金jointly supported by the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2024JJ2073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178443)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(Grant No.2022ZZTS0620)。
文摘This study investigated the hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of unsaturated coarse-grained railway embankment fill materials(CREFMs)using a novel unsaturated large-scale triaxial apparatus equipped with the axis translation technique(ATT).Comprehensive soil-water retention and constant-suction triaxial compression tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of initial void ratio,matric suction,and confining pressure on the properties of CREFMs.Key findings reveal a primary suction range of 0 e100 kPa characterized by hysteresis,which intensifies with decreasing density.Notably,the air entry value and residual suction are influenced by void ratio,with higher void ratios leading to decreased air entry values and residual suctions,underscoring the critical role of void ratio in hydraulic behavior.Additionally,the critical state line(CSL)in the bi-logarithmic space of void ratio and mean effective stress shifts towards higher void ratios with increasing matric suction,significantly affecting dilatancy and critical states.Furthermore,the study demonstrated that the mobilized friction angle and modulus properties depend on confining pressure and matric suction.A novel modified dilatancy equation was proposed,which enhances the predictability of CREFMs'responses under variable loading,particularly at high stress ratios defined by the deviatoric stress over the mean effective stress.This research advances the understanding of CREFMs'performance,especially under fluctuating environmental conditions that alter suction levels.
基金National Institutes of Health(NIH)Grants:RO1 AR076190(to X.W and J.X.J)Welch Foundation grant:AQ-1507(to J.X.J.)。
文摘Proteoglycans,key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix,attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains.Among these proteoglycans,biglycan(Bgn)and decorin(Dcn)are major subtypes,yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive.In this study,we utilized single knockout(KO)mouse models and successfully generated double KO(dKO)models despite challenges with low yield.Bgn deficiency,but not Dcn deficiency,decreased trabecular bone mass,with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups,especially in Bgn KO and dKO mice.Moreover,both Bgn KO and dKO mice exhibited reduced fracture toughness compared to Dcn KO mice.Dcn was significantly upregulated in Bgn KO mice,while a modest upregulation of Bgn was observed in Dcn KO mice,indicating Bgn’s predominant role in bone.High resolution atomic force microscopy showed decreased in situ permanent energy dissipation and increased elastic modulus in the extrafibrillar matrix of Bgn/Dcn deficient mice,which were diminished upon dehydration.Furthermore,we found that both Bgn and Dcn are indispensable for the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Collectively,our results highlight the distinct and indispensable roles of Bgn and Dcn in maintaining bone structure,water retention,and bulk/in situ tissue properties in the bone matrix,with Bgn exerting a predominant influence.
