BACKGROUND Intellectual disability(ID),affecting 1%-3%of children globally,presents significant challenges for parents that often translate into occupational stress.While studies document elevated parenting stress lev...BACKGROUND Intellectual disability(ID),affecting 1%-3%of children globally,presents significant challenges for parents that often translate into occupational stress.While studies document elevated parenting stress levels(33.57 vs 26.46 in controls),job-related impacts remain poorly understood.This study employs propensity score matching(PSM)to rigorously analyze work stress determinants among parents of preschool-aged children with ID,controlling for socioeconomic and behavioral confounders.The research bridges a critical gap by examining how workplace demands intersect with special caregiving responsibilities,aiming to identify modifiable risk factors for targeted interventions.Findings will inform evidence-based workplace accommodations and support policies,offering novel insights into the occupational consequences of parenting a child with ID through advanced causal inference methods.This work holds important implications for hazard ratio(HR)policies and social support systems serving this vulnerable population.AIM To explore the factors affecting the job stress of parents of preschool children with mental retardation(MR),based on the PSM.METHODS One hundred and twenty-five children aged 3-6 years who were treated in our hospital from December 2022 to December 2024 were included in the questionnaire survey.Five cases were excluded due to incomplete data,and 120 cases completed the study.The questionnaire was filled out by the parents of the children,and 100 parents of normal children were selected to be included in the control group.After the baseline difference was balanced by PSM 1:1 matching,the general information,scores of parental stress in each dimension and parental stress level of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Single factor analysis was carried out on the factors affecting the parental stress of group;Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between the factors affecting parental stress in MR group.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the job stress of parents in MR group.RESULTS After matching,there were 97 cases in both groups.The differences of parents'working status and family location in MR group were statistically significant,P<0.05.Parents in MR group were significantly higher than those in control group in every dimension and total score,of which 75.22%were at a high level,P<0.05.Univariate analysis shows that the older the parents are,the more unstable their work status is,the lower their education level is,the less their family income is,their location is in the countryside and the children have a genetic history,the higher their parental stress score is.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of parental stress was related to supporting friends(r=-0.354),seeking social support,maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability(r=-0.146),coping style frequency(r=-0.476)and role size(r=-0.063).P<0.05.Using the binary Logistic regression model,it was found that whether the child had a genetic history(HR=1.667)was a risk factor affecting the parents'job stress of MR children,and friends'support(HR=0.539),seeking social support(HR=0.478),maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability(HR=0.625),and the frequency and role of coping styles(HR=0.794)were all its protective factors,P<0.05.CONCLUSION Parents'parental stress of most preschool children with MR is at a high level,in which children's genetic history is its risk factor,and friends'support,seeking social support,maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability,as well as the frequency and role of coping styles are its protective factors,which provides new intervention programs and measures to alleviate parents'parental stress of MR children.展开更多
Objective To observe clinical efficacy of acupuncture at ]ing-well point combined with educational training for the treatment of children with severe mental retardation. Methods Sixty children with severe mental retar...Objective To observe clinical efficacy of acupuncture at ]ing-well point combined with educational training for the treatment of children with severe mental retardation. Methods Sixty children with severe mental retardation were randomly divided into ]ing-well point acupuncture plus simple special education and language training group （group A） and simple special education and language training group （group B） with 30 child patients in each group according to registration order. All the patients were treated once every other day, 10 times as a course of treatment. There were 20 days of interval between each course of treatment. Curative effect was analyzed after 3 courses of treatment. Gesell Developmental Scale test was conducted for all children before and after treatment. Development quotient at the functional area of social adaptability, large motor, fine motor, language skill and social behavior of individuals was recorded and compared between groups and before and after treatment to evaluate the curative effect. Results Social adaptability and fine motor of children were improved in the group B after treatment. And in the group A, social adaptability, fine motor, language skill and social behavior of individuals were improved after treatment. Meanwhile, the group A was superior to the group B in curative effect of overall social adaptability and language skill （both P〈0.05）. The overall response rate in group B was 23.3% （7/30） and in group A was 46.6% （14/30, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture at jing-well point combined with educational training can effectively improve the intelligence level of children with severe mental retardation and its curative effect is better than that of simply education and training.展开更多
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing on sleep disturbance of the children with mental retardation. Method Thirty children of mental retardation with sl...Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing on sleep disturbance of the children with mental retardation. Method Thirty children of mental retardation with sleep disturbance were treated with acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing therapy, Sìshénzhēn （四神针）, Nǎosānzhēn （脑三针）, Zhìsānzhēn （智三针）, Nièsānzhēn （颞三针）, Shǒuzhìzhēn （手智针） were selected as main acupoints, and adjunct points were used according to symptoms and syndrome differentiation. For ear point taping and pressing, ěrshénmén （耳神门 MA-TF1）, Pízhìxià （皮质下 MA–AT1）, Jiāogǎn （交感 MA-AH7）, Xīn （心, heart）, Shèn （肾 kidney）, Pí （脾 spleen） were selected. The treatment was given two therapeutic courses, thrice each week, 36 sessions constituted one course. Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire （CSHQ） scale was used for assessment of sleep state before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment, among the 30 cases, 11 cases were markedly effective, 16 cases were effective and 3 cases were failed, the total effective rate was 90.0%; after the treatment, the children had significant improvement in the total time of sleep, the time of going to bed for sleep, sleep habit, sleep behavior, awaking state at night, getting-up state in the morning, sleep state in the daytime and the total score （P0.01, P0.001）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing therapy has a positive therapeutic effect on sleep disturbance and increases sleep quality in varying degrees in children with mental retardation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein 1(FOXP1)(OMIM:605515)at chromosomal region 3p14.1 plays an important regulatory role in cell development and functions by regulating genetic expression.Earlier studies have suggested th...BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein 1(FOXP1)(OMIM:605515)at chromosomal region 3p14.1 plays an important regulatory role in cell development and functions by regulating genetic expression.Earlier studies have suggested that FOXP1,an oncogene,is capable of initiating tumorigenicity depending on the cell type.FOXP1 also plays an important role in regulating the cell development and functions of the immune system,e.g.,regulating B-cell maturation and mononuclear phagocyte differentiation,and in the occurrence and development of various immune diseases.The mRNA of this gene is widely expressed in humans,and its differential expression is related to numerous diseases.CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy mainly presented with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and developmental retardation accompanied by gait instability and abnormal facial features(low-set ears).DNA samples were extracted from the child’s and his parents’peripheral blood to detect whole-exome sequences and whole-genome copy number variations.Results revealed heterozygous deletions of exon 6-21 of FOXP1 gene in the child.Physical examination upon admission showed that the child was generally in good condition,had a moderate nutritional status,a slightly slow response to external stimuli,equally large and equally round bilateral pupils,was sensitive to light reflection,and had poor eye contact and joint attention.He had no meaningful utterance and could not pronounce words properly.He was able to use gestures to simply express his thoughts,to perform simple actions,and to listen to instructions.He had no rash,cafe-au-lait macules,or depigmentation spots.He had thick black hair and low-set ears.He had highly sensitive skin,especially on his face and palms.He had no abnormal palm fingerprint.Cardiopulmonary and abdominal examinations revealed no abnormalities.He had normal limb muscle strength and tension.He showed normal tendon reflexes of both knees.His bilateral Babinski and meningeal irritation signs were negative.He had a normal male vulva.CONCLUSION We report the characteristic features of autism with dysphasia accompanied by mental retardation caused by FOXP1 exon deletion.This study provides a molecular basis for etiological diagnosis and treatment of the child,as well as for genetic counseling for the pedigree.展开更多
With six packed columns composed of < 1 μm and 5 μm～0.25 mm fractions from an Eum-Orthic An- throsol (Columns 1～6) and one column of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Column 7), K～(+) transport experiments under the c...With six packed columns composed of < 1 μm and 5 μm～0.25 mm fractions from an Eum-Orthic An- throsol (Columns 1～6) and one column of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Column 7), K～(+) transport experiments under the condition of saturated steady water flow were conducted to qualify the effects of soil texture com- position on the retardation factor (R) of K～(+) transport. The results showed that the retardation factor of K～ (+) transport in the tested soil columns greatly increased with increasing clay contents. In an attempt to use pedo-transfer function (PTF) approach in the solute transport study, a preliminary PTF was established through the six packed columns (Columns 1～6) with soil basic data including soil bulk density, volumet- ric water content and clay content to predict the retardation factor, and proved valid by the satisfactory prediction of R in Column 7.展开更多
AIM: To better understand the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in pre-eclampsia (PE), and whether it is associated or not with fetal growth retardation (FGR). METHODS: Maternal blood samples were col...AIM: To better understand the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in pre-eclampsia (PE), and whether it is associated or not with fetal growth retardation (FGR). METHODS: Maternal blood samples were collected from 62 consecutive pregnant women with a diagnosis of PE and/or FGR, and from 49 women with uneventful pregnancies (controls). Serum samples were evaluated by immunoblot assay for presence of specific antibodies against H. pylori antigens [virulence: cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA); ureases; heat shock protein B; flagellin A; persistence: vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA)]. Maternal complete blood count and liver enzymes levels were assessed at delivery by an automated analyzer. RESULTS: A significantly higher percentage of H. pyloriseropositive women were found among PE cases (85.7%) compared to controls (42.9%, P < 0.001). There were no differences between pregnancies complicated by FGR without maternal hypertension (46.2%) and controls. Importantly, persistent and virulent infections (VacA/ CagA seropositive patients, intermediate leukocyte blood count and aspartate aminotransferase levels) were exclusively associated with pre-eclampsia complicated by FGR, while virulent but acute infections (CagA positive/ VacA negative patients, highest leukocyte blood count and aspartate aminotransferase levels) specifically correlated with PE without FGR. CONCLUSION: Our data strongly indicate that persistent and virulent H. pylori infections cause or contribute to PE complicated by FGR, but not to PE without feto-placental compromise.展开更多
Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)is one of the major constraints in animal production.Our previ-ous study showed that piglets with IUGR are associated with abnormal bile acid(BA)metabolism.This study ex...Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)is one of the major constraints in animal production.Our previ-ous study showed that piglets with IUGR are associated with abnormal bile acid(BA)metabolism.This study explored whether dietary BA supplementation could improve growth performance and colonic development,function,micro-biota,and metabolites in the normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR piglets.A total of 48 weaned piglets(24 IUGR and 24 NBW)were allocated to four groups(12 piglets per group):(i)NBW group,(ii)NBW+BA group,(iii)IUGR group,and(iv)IUGR+BA group.Samples were collected after 28 days of feeding.Results The results showed that dietary BA supplementation increased the length and weight of the colon and colon weight to body weight ratio,while decreased the plasma diamine oxidase(DAO)concentration in the NBW pig-lets(P<0.05).Dietary BA supplementation to IUGR piglets decreased(P<0.05)the plasma concentrations of D-lactate and endotoxin and colonic DAO and endotoxin,suggesting a beneficial effect on epithelial integrity.Moreover,dietary BA supplementation to NBW and IUGR piglets increased Firmicutes abundance and decreased Bacteroidetes abundance(P<0.05),whereas Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in the colon.Metabolome analysis revealed 65 and 51 differential metabolites in the colon of piglets fed a diet with/without BA,respectively,which was associated with the colonic function of IUGR piglets.Furthermore,dietary BA supplementation to IUGR piglets upregulated the expressions of CAT,GPX,SOD,Nrf1,IL-2,and IFN-γin colonic mucosa(P<0.05).Conclusions Collectively,dietary BA supplementation could improve the colonic function of IUGR piglets,which was associated with increasing proportions of potentially beneficial bacteria and metabolites.Furthermore,BA shows a promising application prospect in improving the intestinal ecosystem and health of animals.展开更多
To understand the prevalence and rehabilitation status of autism and mental retardation in China. Methods Screening test and clinical assessment were conducted for the diagnosis of autism and mental retardation. The a...To understand the prevalence and rehabilitation status of autism and mental retardation in China. Methods Screening test and clinical assessment were conducted for the diagnosis of autism and mental retardation. The assessment included investigation of the histories of medical conditions and development of these two disorders, utilization and needs for the rehabilitation service, and related intellectual and behavioral appraisal. Results Among the 7345 children investigated, the prevalence of autism disorder was 1.10 cases per 1000 children aged 2-6 years （95% CI=0.34 to 2.54）, and the prevalence of mental retardation was 10.76 cases per 1000 children （95% CI=8.40 to 13.12）. All the children suffering from autistic disorder were intellectually disabled, whereas 31.0% of the non-autism mental retardates had other disabilities. The medical conditions prior to birth and perinatal period were important potential factors for autism. Half of the autistic children and 84% of the children with non-autism mental retardation had never received any rehabilitative service. Conclusions The prevalence of autistic disorder in children aged 2-6 years in Tianjin is rather high. It is urgent to improve the status of the autistic and intelligently disabled young children in China. In order to upgrade the level of early diagnostic and improve the intervention to autism and mental retardation, public awareness and training courses should be heightened.展开更多
The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in...The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in major depressive disorder research. In the present study, we evaluated the depression symptoms of subjects with major depressive disorder, who were all from the North of China and of Hart Chinese origin, using the Hamilton Depression Scale. We examined the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the norepinephrine transporter, rs2242446 and rs5569, and the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder using quantitative trait testing with the UNPHASED program, rs5569 was associated with depressed mood, and the GG genotype may be a risk factor for this; rs2242446 was associated with work and interest, and the TT genotype may be a risk factor for loss of interest. Our findings suggest that rs2242446 and rs5569 in the norepinephrine transporter gene are associated with the retardation symptoms of depression in the Hart Chinese population.展开更多
AIM：To investigate the intestine and body development of intrauterine growth retardation（IUGR）rats under early different protein diet and to analyze the correlation between leptin and intestine and body development...AIM：To investigate the intestine and body development of intrauterine growth retardation（IUGR）rats under early different protein diet and to analyze the correlation between leptin and intestine and body development．METHODS：An IUGR rat model was established by food restriction of pregnant female rats．Fifty-six neonatal IUGR rats and 24 neonatal normal rats were randomly divided into normal control group（Cgroup），IUGR model group （scgroup），low protein diet IUGR group（SL group），and high protein diet IUGR group（SH group）．Eight rats were killed per group at wk 0，4，and 12．Serum leptin，body weight（BW），body length（BL），intestinal weight（IW），intestinal length（IL），andintestinal disaccharidase（including lactase，maltase，and saccharase） were detected．RESULTS：BW（4．50±0．41g），BL（5．96±0．40cm），IW（0．05±0．01g），and IL（15.9±2．8cm）in neonatal IUGR rats were much lower than those in Cgroup（6．01±0．55g，6．26±0．44cm，0．10±0．02g，21.8±2．7cm，P〈0．05），while intestinal lactase and maltase activities were higher than those in Cgroup．SH group showed the fastest catch up growth and their BW，BL，IW，and IL reached the Cgroup level at wk 4．SC group showed relatively slower catch up growth than SH group，and their BW，BL，IW did not reach the Cgroup level at wk 4．SL group did not show intestine and body catch up growth．Intestinal maltase [344±33μmol／（min·q）]and saccharase activities[138±32μmol／（min·g）]in SL group were both markedly lower than nose in C group [751±102，258±271μmol／（min·g），P〈0．05]．There were no significant difierences in lactase activities at wk 4 and disaccharidase activities at wk 12 among all groups（P〈0．05）．The leptin level in SL group（0．58±0．12ng／mL） was the highest in all groups，and much lower in SH group（0．21±0．03ng／mL） than that in any other IUGR groups at wk 4（P〈0．05）．Leptin was negatively related to BW （r=-0．556，P=0．001），IW（r=-0．692，P=0．001） and IL（r=-0．738，P=0．000）at wk 4，while no correlation was found at wk 12．CONCLUSION：High protein diet is a reasonable early nutritional mode to IUGR rats in promoting intestine and body catch up growth．展开更多
The fatigue crack growth rate (CGR) of ultra high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in distilled water at 18,35 and 55℃ were measured.It was confirmed that the temperature is strongly af- fected on the corrosion fatigue CG...The fatigue crack growth rate (CGR) of ultra high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in distilled water at 18,35 and 55℃ were measured.It was confirmed that the temperature is strongly af- fected on the corrosion fatigue CGR of ultra high strength steel.An expression concerning the effects of Δ K and temperature on the CGR was proposed.The fact that the apparent activation energy (36.6 kJ/mol) resulted from regressive analysis of CGR data was similar to the activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in γ-Fe,strongly supporting the theory of hydrogen-assisted crack growth.The overload retardation effect was greatly reduced in cor- rosion fatigue crack growth,especially at lower frequency,e.g.,0.1 Hz.This phenomenon might be due to the increase of the SCC component of CGR after an overload.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on intelligence quotient (IQ) in children with mental retardation (MR). Methods: One hundred children with MR were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a contr...Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on intelligence quotient (IQ) in children with mental retardation (MR). Methods: One hundred children with MR were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a control group, 50 in each. There were 37 and 36 cases with complete data in the former and latter group respectively. Four-week treatment constituted a course, the comprehensive therapeutic effect of two groups was compared after 3 courses of treatment, and the influence of acupuncture on IQ was estimated. Results: The total effective rate in the acupuncture group was 78.4%, better than 30.56% in the control group, the difference being significant (P<0.01). Both groups were improved in IQ but the effect of the former group was better than that of the latter group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture can obviously improve IQ of children suffering from MR.展开更多
Background： The redox status of intra-uterine growth retardation（IUGR） piglets post-weaning has been poorly studied.Methods： Newborns from twenty-four sows were weighted, weaned at 21 d and fed a starter diet unti...Background： The redox status of intra-uterine growth retardation（IUGR） piglets post-weaning has been poorly studied.Methods： Newborns from twenty-four sows were weighted, weaned at 21 d and fed a starter diet until sampling.Sampling was done at 14 d post-weaning. A piglet was defined as IUGR when its birth weight was 2 SD below the mean birth weight of the total population. At weaning, eighteen piglets with nearly equal body weight from each category（i.e. IUGR or normal birth weight（NBW） piglets） were selected and then allocated to two treatments,consisted of six replicates with each pen having three piglets.Results： Compared with NBW group, IUGR significantly decreased average daily gain（P 〈 0.001）, average daily feed intake（P = 0.003）, and feed efficiency（P 〈 0.001） of piglets during the first two weeks post-weaning. IUGR decreased the activities of total antioxidant capacity（P = 0.019）, total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD, P = 0.023）,and ceruloplasmin（P = 0.044） but increased the levels of malondialdehyde（P = 0.040） and protein carbonyl（P = 0.010） in plasma. Similarly, the decreased activities of T-SOD（P = 0.005）, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase（Cu/Zn-SOD, P = 0.002）, and catalase（P = 0.049） was observed in the liver of IUGR piglets than these of NBW piglets. IUGR decreased hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD activity（P = 0.023） per unit of Cu/Zn-SOD protein in piglets when compared with NBW piglets. In addition, IUGR piglets exhibited the decreases in accumulation of copper in both plasma（P = 0.001） and liver（P = 0.014）, as well as the concentrations of iron（P = 0.002） and zinc（P = 0.048） in liver. Compared with NBW, IUGR down-regulated m RNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD（P = 0.021） in the liver of piglets.Conclusions： The results indicated that IUGR impaired antioxidant capacity and resulted in oxidative damage in fully weaned piglets, which might be associated with the decreased levels of redox-active trace minerals. This study highlights the importance of redox status in IUGR offspring and provides a rationale for alleviating oxidative damage by dietary interventions aiming to supplement trace minerals and to restore redox balance in the future.展开更多
Aim Fragile X mental retardation protein （FMRP） is an RNA-binding protein important for the control of translation and synaptic function. The mutation or silencing of FMRP causes Fragile X syndrome （FXS） , which l...Aim Fragile X mental retardation protein （FMRP） is an RNA-binding protein important for the control of translation and synaptic function. The mutation or silencing of FMRP causes Fragile X syndrome （FXS） , which leads to intellectual disability and social impairment. γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） is the major inhibitory neuro- transmitter of the mammalian central nervous system, and its metabotropic GABAB receptor has been implicated in various mental disorders. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been shown to improve FXS symptoms in a mouse model and in human patients, suggesting the role of GABAB receptor on FMRP regulation. Here we investi- gated the signaling events linking the GABAB receptor and FMRP. Methods Western blot was used in this study to detect protein expression and kinase phosphorylation in cerebellar granule neurons. For key molecules in signal- ling pathway, RNAi was used in MEFs to confirm the results in neurons. Results GABAB receptor activation up- regulated cAMP response element binding protein-dependent Fmrp expression in cultured mouse cerebellar granule neurons via two distinct mechanisms： the transactivation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and activation of protein kinase C. In addition, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAB receptor, CGP7930, stimulated Fmrp expression in neurons. Conclusion These results suggest a role for GABAB receptor in Fmrp regulation and a po- tential interest of GABAB receptor signaling in FXS improvement.展开更多
The key concept of spectrum response estimation with commercial software,such as the SESAM software tool,typically includes two main steps:finding a suitable loading spectrum and computing the response amplitude opera...The key concept of spectrum response estimation with commercial software,such as the SESAM software tool,typically includes two main steps:finding a suitable loading spectrum and computing the response amplitude operators(RAOs) subjected to a frequency-specified wave component.In this paper,we propose a nontraditional spectrum response estimation method that uses a numerical representation of the retardation functions.Based on estimated added mass and damping matrices of the structure,we decompose and replace the convolution terms with a series of poles and corresponding residues in the Laplace domain.Then,we estimate the power density corresponding to each frequency component using the improved periodogram method.The advantage of this approach is that the frequency-dependent motion equations in the time domain can be transformed into the Laplace domain without requiring Laplace-domain expressions for the added mass and damping.To validate the proposed method,we use a numerical semi-submerged pontoon from the SESAM.The numerical results show that the responses of the proposed method match well with those obtained from the traditional method.Furthermore,the estimated spectrum also matches well,which indicates its potential application to deep-water floating structures.展开更多
To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with folic acid on growth performance, hepatic protein metabolism and serum biochemical indices of early-weaned intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR） piglets, 2...To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with folic acid on growth performance, hepatic protein metabolism and serum biochemical indices of early-weaned intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR） piglets, 24 male （Durocx （LandracexYorkshire）） weaned （14-d-old） IUGR piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates of 1 piglet per replicate. The piglets in each treatment were fed basal diet supplementation with either 0 （control）, 5 and 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid. The trial lasted for 21 d. Dietary folic acid supplementation reduced average daily feed intake （ADFI） （P〈0.05）. In addition, the average daily gain （ADG） in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group was significantly decreased （P〈0.01） and the ratio of feed：gain （F/G） increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Serum folic acid concentration increased （P〈0.01） with increasing folic acid inclusion, however, serum homocysteine concentration decreased significantly （P〈0.01）. Enhanced serum urine nitrogen （SUN） and diminished serum total protein （TP） as well as liver TP content were observed in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group （/＇〈0.05）. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expressions of insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1） and mammalian target of rapamycin （m-TOR） in liver were respectively tended to reduce （P=0.06） and significantly downregulated （P〈0.05） in 10 mg kg1 group, in compared with 5 mg kg1 group. However, when compared with control group, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on the mRNA abundance of IGF- 1 and m-TOR. The results indicated that supplementation with 10 mg kg-I folic acid impaired growth performance and hepatic protein metabolism of early-weaned IUGR piglets while 5 mg kg-~ folic acid enriched diet exerted limited positive effects.展开更多
Background:Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and autophagy are implicated in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation;however,their roles in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)-induced colon inflammation are unc...Background:Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and autophagy are implicated in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation;however,their roles in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)-induced colon inflammation are unclear.This study explored the protective effects of natural stilbene pterostilbene on colon inflammation using the IUGR piglets and the tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)-treated human colonic epithelial cells(Caco-2)by targeting ER stress and autophagy.Results:Both the IUGR colon and the TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells exhibited inflammatory responses,ER stress,and impaired autophagic flux(P<0.05).The ER stress inducer tunicamycin and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine further augmented inflammatory responses and apoptosis in the TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells(P<0.05).Conversely,pterostilbene inhibited ER stress and restored autophagic flux in the IUGR colon and the TNF-α-treated cells(P<0.05).Pterostilbene also prevented the release of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65,reduced intestinal permeability and cell apoptosis,and facilitated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins in the IUGR colon and the TNF-α-treated cells(P<0.05).Importantly,treatment with tunicamycin or autophagosome-lysosome binding inhibitor chloroquine blocked the positive effects of pterostilbene on inflammatory response,cell apoptosis,and intestinal barrier function in the TNF-α-exposed Caco-2 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pterostilbene mitigates ER stress and promotes autophagic flux,thereby improving colon inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the IUGR piglets and the TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells.展开更多
In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption （EIA） is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metam...In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption （EIA） is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metamaterial consisting of a short metal strip （which acts as a bright resonator） and a long metal strip （acting as a dark resonator）, which has been reported to support the electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT） effect. The transition from EIA to EIT can be clearly observed in the absorbance spectra via varying the vertical spacing between two resonant oscillators. With the help of the coupled two-oscillator model, the phase shift between the bright and dark resonance modes is calculated by fitting the simulated absorbance spectra, which reveals the physical mechanisms behind constructive and destructive interference effects in EIT/EIA metamaterials.展开更多
In this paper, with K＋, Ca2＋ and Fe3＋ as the objects of study, retardation of soil-bentonite （SB） barrier materials for metal ions with different valences is investigated, and the adsorption mechanism, migration ...In this paper, with K＋, Ca2＋ and Fe3＋ as the objects of study, retardation of soil-bentonite （SB） barrier materials for metal ions with different valences is investigated, and the adsorption mechanism, migration patterns and permeation behavior are explored so as to provide a theoretical basis for their application. The results show that the adsorption process for metal ions with different valences by SB barrier materials is fast, and the higher the valence, the greater the adsorption capacity. The fitting of the adsorption process conforms to pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption equation, which explains that chemical adsorption is the dominating state and that the SB surface has certain heterogeneity. The permeability coefficient of K＋, Ca2＋ and Fe3＋ in SB each has a maximum and the higher the valence, the sooner the maximum appears. Also the higher the valence, the more obvious the effect on SB retardation performance; and the sooner the ion breaks through the barrier wall completely, that is, the wall＇s retardation performance for higher valent ions may decline.展开更多
128 children of mental retardation were diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic stand-ards proposed by WHO in 1985. The patients were treated compositely with acupuncture, auriculo-acupoint pellet pressure and her...128 children of mental retardation were diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic stand-ards proposed by WHO in 1985. The patients were treated compositely with acupuncture, auriculo-acupoint pellet pressure and herbal plasters on acupoints, bringing about improved mental developments in intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptation behaviour (SAB), as evidenced by recognized intelligence tests for children.展开更多
基金Supported by the Self-Funded Plan for Scientific and Technological Research and Development of Shijiazhuang City in 2022,No.221460383.
文摘BACKGROUND Intellectual disability(ID),affecting 1%-3%of children globally,presents significant challenges for parents that often translate into occupational stress.While studies document elevated parenting stress levels(33.57 vs 26.46 in controls),job-related impacts remain poorly understood.This study employs propensity score matching(PSM)to rigorously analyze work stress determinants among parents of preschool-aged children with ID,controlling for socioeconomic and behavioral confounders.The research bridges a critical gap by examining how workplace demands intersect with special caregiving responsibilities,aiming to identify modifiable risk factors for targeted interventions.Findings will inform evidence-based workplace accommodations and support policies,offering novel insights into the occupational consequences of parenting a child with ID through advanced causal inference methods.This work holds important implications for hazard ratio(HR)policies and social support systems serving this vulnerable population.AIM To explore the factors affecting the job stress of parents of preschool children with mental retardation(MR),based on the PSM.METHODS One hundred and twenty-five children aged 3-6 years who were treated in our hospital from December 2022 to December 2024 were included in the questionnaire survey.Five cases were excluded due to incomplete data,and 120 cases completed the study.The questionnaire was filled out by the parents of the children,and 100 parents of normal children were selected to be included in the control group.After the baseline difference was balanced by PSM 1:1 matching,the general information,scores of parental stress in each dimension and parental stress level of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Single factor analysis was carried out on the factors affecting the parental stress of group;Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between the factors affecting parental stress in MR group.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the job stress of parents in MR group.RESULTS After matching,there were 97 cases in both groups.The differences of parents'working status and family location in MR group were statistically significant,P<0.05.Parents in MR group were significantly higher than those in control group in every dimension and total score,of which 75.22%were at a high level,P<0.05.Univariate analysis shows that the older the parents are,the more unstable their work status is,the lower their education level is,the less their family income is,their location is in the countryside and the children have a genetic history,the higher their parental stress score is.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of parental stress was related to supporting friends(r=-0.354),seeking social support,maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability(r=-0.146),coping style frequency(r=-0.476)and role size(r=-0.063).P<0.05.Using the binary Logistic regression model,it was found that whether the child had a genetic history(HR=1.667)was a risk factor affecting the parents'job stress of MR children,and friends'support(HR=0.539),seeking social support(HR=0.478),maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability(HR=0.625),and the frequency and role of coping styles(HR=0.794)were all its protective factors,P<0.05.CONCLUSION Parents'parental stress of most preschool children with MR is at a high level,in which children's genetic history is its risk factor,and friends'support,seeking social support,maintaining self-esteem and psychological stability,as well as the frequency and role of coping styles are its protective factors,which provides new intervention programs and measures to alleviate parents'parental stress of MR children.
基金Supported by Foshan Medical Key Science and Technology Project,F.K.[2013]No.79,project number 201308181
文摘Objective To observe clinical efficacy of acupuncture at ]ing-well point combined with educational training for the treatment of children with severe mental retardation. Methods Sixty children with severe mental retardation were randomly divided into ]ing-well point acupuncture plus simple special education and language training group （group A） and simple special education and language training group （group B） with 30 child patients in each group according to registration order. All the patients were treated once every other day, 10 times as a course of treatment. There were 20 days of interval between each course of treatment. Curative effect was analyzed after 3 courses of treatment. Gesell Developmental Scale test was conducted for all children before and after treatment. Development quotient at the functional area of social adaptability, large motor, fine motor, language skill and social behavior of individuals was recorded and compared between groups and before and after treatment to evaluate the curative effect. Results Social adaptability and fine motor of children were improved in the group B after treatment. And in the group A, social adaptability, fine motor, language skill and social behavior of individuals were improved after treatment. Meanwhile, the group A was superior to the group B in curative effect of overall social adaptability and language skill （both P〈0.05）. The overall response rate in group B was 23.3% （7/30） and in group A was 46.6% （14/30, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture at jing-well point combined with educational training can effectively improve the intelligence level of children with severe mental retardation and its curative effect is better than that of simply education and training.
文摘Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing on sleep disturbance of the children with mental retardation. Method Thirty children of mental retardation with sleep disturbance were treated with acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing therapy, Sìshénzhēn （四神针）, Nǎosānzhēn （脑三针）, Zhìsānzhēn （智三针）, Nièsānzhēn （颞三针）, Shǒuzhìzhēn （手智针） were selected as main acupoints, and adjunct points were used according to symptoms and syndrome differentiation. For ear point taping and pressing, ěrshénmén （耳神门 MA-TF1）, Pízhìxià （皮质下 MA–AT1）, Jiāogǎn （交感 MA-AH7）, Xīn （心, heart）, Shèn （肾 kidney）, Pí （脾 spleen） were selected. The treatment was given two therapeutic courses, thrice each week, 36 sessions constituted one course. Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire （CSHQ） scale was used for assessment of sleep state before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment, among the 30 cases, 11 cases were markedly effective, 16 cases were effective and 3 cases were failed, the total effective rate was 90.0%; after the treatment, the children had significant improvement in the total time of sleep, the time of going to bed for sleep, sleep habit, sleep behavior, awaking state at night, getting-up state in the morning, sleep state in the daytime and the total score （P0.01, P0.001）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with ear point taping and pressing therapy has a positive therapeutic effect on sleep disturbance and increases sleep quality in varying degrees in children with mental retardation.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.20200201486JC.
文摘BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein 1(FOXP1)(OMIM:605515)at chromosomal region 3p14.1 plays an important regulatory role in cell development and functions by regulating genetic expression.Earlier studies have suggested that FOXP1,an oncogene,is capable of initiating tumorigenicity depending on the cell type.FOXP1 also plays an important role in regulating the cell development and functions of the immune system,e.g.,regulating B-cell maturation and mononuclear phagocyte differentiation,and in the occurrence and development of various immune diseases.The mRNA of this gene is widely expressed in humans,and its differential expression is related to numerous diseases.CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy mainly presented with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and developmental retardation accompanied by gait instability and abnormal facial features(low-set ears).DNA samples were extracted from the child’s and his parents’peripheral blood to detect whole-exome sequences and whole-genome copy number variations.Results revealed heterozygous deletions of exon 6-21 of FOXP1 gene in the child.Physical examination upon admission showed that the child was generally in good condition,had a moderate nutritional status,a slightly slow response to external stimuli,equally large and equally round bilateral pupils,was sensitive to light reflection,and had poor eye contact and joint attention.He had no meaningful utterance and could not pronounce words properly.He was able to use gestures to simply express his thoughts,to perform simple actions,and to listen to instructions.He had no rash,cafe-au-lait macules,or depigmentation spots.He had thick black hair and low-set ears.He had highly sensitive skin,especially on his face and palms.He had no abnormal palm fingerprint.Cardiopulmonary and abdominal examinations revealed no abnormalities.He had normal limb muscle strength and tension.He showed normal tendon reflexes of both knees.His bilateral Babinski and meningeal irritation signs were negative.He had a normal male vulva.CONCLUSION We report the characteristic features of autism with dysphasia accompanied by mental retardation caused by FOXP1 exon deletion.This study provides a molecular basis for etiological diagnosis and treatment of the child,as well as for genetic counseling for the pedigree.
基金Project (No. 49901009) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘With six packed columns composed of < 1 μm and 5 μm～0.25 mm fractions from an Eum-Orthic An- throsol (Columns 1～6) and one column of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Column 7), K～(+) transport experiments under the condition of saturated steady water flow were conducted to qualify the effects of soil texture com- position on the retardation factor (R) of K～(+) transport. The results showed that the retardation factor of K～ (+) transport in the tested soil columns greatly increased with increasing clay contents. In an attempt to use pedo-transfer function (PTF) approach in the solute transport study, a preliminary PTF was established through the six packed columns (Columns 1～6) with soil basic data including soil bulk density, volumet- ric water content and clay content to predict the retardation factor, and proved valid by the satisfactory prediction of R in Column 7.
基金Supported by The Italian Ministry of Health, Programma per la Ricerca Sanitaria 2007, Programma Strategico, Salute della donna/Area materno infantile, No. RFPS-2007-4-638281
文摘AIM: To better understand the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in pre-eclampsia (PE), and whether it is associated or not with fetal growth retardation (FGR). METHODS: Maternal blood samples were collected from 62 consecutive pregnant women with a diagnosis of PE and/or FGR, and from 49 women with uneventful pregnancies (controls). Serum samples were evaluated by immunoblot assay for presence of specific antibodies against H. pylori antigens [virulence: cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA); ureases; heat shock protein B; flagellin A; persistence: vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA)]. Maternal complete blood count and liver enzymes levels were assessed at delivery by an automated analyzer. RESULTS: A significantly higher percentage of H. pyloriseropositive women were found among PE cases (85.7%) compared to controls (42.9%, P < 0.001). There were no differences between pregnancies complicated by FGR without maternal hypertension (46.2%) and controls. Importantly, persistent and virulent infections (VacA/ CagA seropositive patients, intermediate leukocyte blood count and aspartate aminotransferase levels) were exclusively associated with pre-eclampsia complicated by FGR, while virulent but acute infections (CagA positive/ VacA negative patients, highest leukocyte blood count and aspartate aminotransferase levels) specifically correlated with PE without FGR. CONCLUSION: Our data strongly indicate that persistent and virulent H. pylori infections cause or contribute to PE complicated by FGR, but not to PE without feto-placental compromise.
基金the Key Project of Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2056)the Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(2019RS3022).
文摘Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)is one of the major constraints in animal production.Our previ-ous study showed that piglets with IUGR are associated with abnormal bile acid(BA)metabolism.This study explored whether dietary BA supplementation could improve growth performance and colonic development,function,micro-biota,and metabolites in the normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR piglets.A total of 48 weaned piglets(24 IUGR and 24 NBW)were allocated to four groups(12 piglets per group):(i)NBW group,(ii)NBW+BA group,(iii)IUGR group,and(iv)IUGR+BA group.Samples were collected after 28 days of feeding.Results The results showed that dietary BA supplementation increased the length and weight of the colon and colon weight to body weight ratio,while decreased the plasma diamine oxidase(DAO)concentration in the NBW pig-lets(P<0.05).Dietary BA supplementation to IUGR piglets decreased(P<0.05)the plasma concentrations of D-lactate and endotoxin and colonic DAO and endotoxin,suggesting a beneficial effect on epithelial integrity.Moreover,dietary BA supplementation to NBW and IUGR piglets increased Firmicutes abundance and decreased Bacteroidetes abundance(P<0.05),whereas Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in the colon.Metabolome analysis revealed 65 and 51 differential metabolites in the colon of piglets fed a diet with/without BA,respectively,which was associated with the colonic function of IUGR piglets.Furthermore,dietary BA supplementation to IUGR piglets upregulated the expressions of CAT,GPX,SOD,Nrf1,IL-2,and IFN-γin colonic mucosa(P<0.05).Conclusions Collectively,dietary BA supplementation could improve the colonic function of IUGR piglets,which was associated with increasing proportions of potentially beneficial bacteria and metabolites.Furthermore,BA shows a promising application prospect in improving the intestinal ecosystem and health of animals.
基金This study was supported by the "973" Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2001CB510310).
文摘To understand the prevalence and rehabilitation status of autism and mental retardation in China. Methods Screening test and clinical assessment were conducted for the diagnosis of autism and mental retardation. The assessment included investigation of the histories of medical conditions and development of these two disorders, utilization and needs for the rehabilitation service, and related intellectual and behavioral appraisal. Results Among the 7345 children investigated, the prevalence of autism disorder was 1.10 cases per 1000 children aged 2-6 years （95% CI=0.34 to 2.54）, and the prevalence of mental retardation was 10.76 cases per 1000 children （95% CI=8.40 to 13.12）. All the children suffering from autistic disorder were intellectually disabled, whereas 31.0% of the non-autism mental retardates had other disabilities. The medical conditions prior to birth and perinatal period were important potential factors for autism. Half of the autistic children and 84% of the children with non-autism mental retardation had never received any rehabilitative service. Conclusions The prevalence of autistic disorder in children aged 2-6 years in Tianjin is rather high. It is urgent to improve the status of the autistic and intelligently disabled young children in China. In order to upgrade the level of early diagnostic and improve the intervention to autism and mental retardation, public awareness and training courses should be heightened.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30770770,30971054,and81171290Science Foundation for the Youth of Shanxi,No.2011021036-1
文摘The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in major depressive disorder research. In the present study, we evaluated the depression symptoms of subjects with major depressive disorder, who were all from the North of China and of Hart Chinese origin, using the Hamilton Depression Scale. We examined the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the norepinephrine transporter, rs2242446 and rs5569, and the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder using quantitative trait testing with the UNPHASED program, rs5569 was associated with depressed mood, and the GG genotype may be a risk factor for this; rs2242446 was associated with work and interest, and the TT genotype may be a risk factor for loss of interest. Our findings suggest that rs2242446 and rs5569 in the norepinephrine transporter gene are associated with the retardation symptoms of depression in the Hart Chinese population.
基金Supported Dy the Science and Technology Bureau Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 99M04815G
文摘AIM：To investigate the intestine and body development of intrauterine growth retardation（IUGR）rats under early different protein diet and to analyze the correlation between leptin and intestine and body development．METHODS：An IUGR rat model was established by food restriction of pregnant female rats．Fifty-six neonatal IUGR rats and 24 neonatal normal rats were randomly divided into normal control group（Cgroup），IUGR model group （scgroup），low protein diet IUGR group（SL group），and high protein diet IUGR group（SH group）．Eight rats were killed per group at wk 0，4，and 12．Serum leptin，body weight（BW），body length（BL），intestinal weight（IW），intestinal length（IL），andintestinal disaccharidase（including lactase，maltase，and saccharase） were detected．RESULTS：BW（4．50±0．41g），BL（5．96±0．40cm），IW（0．05±0．01g），and IL（15.9±2．8cm）in neonatal IUGR rats were much lower than those in Cgroup（6．01±0．55g，6．26±0．44cm，0．10±0．02g，21.8±2．7cm，P〈0．05），while intestinal lactase and maltase activities were higher than those in Cgroup．SH group showed the fastest catch up growth and their BW，BL，IW，and IL reached the Cgroup level at wk 4．SC group showed relatively slower catch up growth than SH group，and their BW，BL，IW did not reach the Cgroup level at wk 4．SL group did not show intestine and body catch up growth．Intestinal maltase [344±33μmol／（min·q）]and saccharase activities[138±32μmol／（min·g）]in SL group were both markedly lower than nose in C group [751±102，258±271μmol／（min·g），P〈0．05]．There were no significant difierences in lactase activities at wk 4 and disaccharidase activities at wk 12 among all groups（P〈0．05）．The leptin level in SL group（0．58±0．12ng／mL） was the highest in all groups，and much lower in SH group（0．21±0．03ng／mL） than that in any other IUGR groups at wk 4（P〈0．05）．Leptin was negatively related to BW （r=-0．556，P=0．001），IW（r=-0．692，P=0．001） and IL（r=-0．738，P=0．000）at wk 4，while no correlation was found at wk 12．CONCLUSION：High protein diet is a reasonable early nutritional mode to IUGR rats in promoting intestine and body catch up growth．
文摘The fatigue crack growth rate (CGR) of ultra high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in distilled water at 18,35 and 55℃ were measured.It was confirmed that the temperature is strongly af- fected on the corrosion fatigue CGR of ultra high strength steel.An expression concerning the effects of Δ K and temperature on the CGR was proposed.The fact that the apparent activation energy (36.6 kJ/mol) resulted from regressive analysis of CGR data was similar to the activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in γ-Fe,strongly supporting the theory of hydrogen-assisted crack growth.The overload retardation effect was greatly reduced in cor- rosion fatigue crack growth,especially at lower frequency,e.g.,0.1 Hz.This phenomenon might be due to the increase of the SCC component of CGR after an overload.
基金supported by Natural Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province, China (No. ZS011-A25-060-Y)
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on intelligence quotient (IQ) in children with mental retardation (MR). Methods: One hundred children with MR were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a control group, 50 in each. There were 37 and 36 cases with complete data in the former and latter group respectively. Four-week treatment constituted a course, the comprehensive therapeutic effect of two groups was compared after 3 courses of treatment, and the influence of acupuncture on IQ was estimated. Results: The total effective rate in the acupuncture group was 78.4%, better than 30.56% in the control group, the difference being significant (P<0.01). Both groups were improved in IQ but the effect of the former group was better than that of the latter group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture can obviously improve IQ of children suffering from MR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272454)
文摘Background： The redox status of intra-uterine growth retardation（IUGR） piglets post-weaning has been poorly studied.Methods： Newborns from twenty-four sows were weighted, weaned at 21 d and fed a starter diet until sampling.Sampling was done at 14 d post-weaning. A piglet was defined as IUGR when its birth weight was 2 SD below the mean birth weight of the total population. At weaning, eighteen piglets with nearly equal body weight from each category（i.e. IUGR or normal birth weight（NBW） piglets） were selected and then allocated to two treatments,consisted of six replicates with each pen having three piglets.Results： Compared with NBW group, IUGR significantly decreased average daily gain（P 〈 0.001）, average daily feed intake（P = 0.003）, and feed efficiency（P 〈 0.001） of piglets during the first two weeks post-weaning. IUGR decreased the activities of total antioxidant capacity（P = 0.019）, total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD, P = 0.023）,and ceruloplasmin（P = 0.044） but increased the levels of malondialdehyde（P = 0.040） and protein carbonyl（P = 0.010） in plasma. Similarly, the decreased activities of T-SOD（P = 0.005）, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase（Cu/Zn-SOD, P = 0.002）, and catalase（P = 0.049） was observed in the liver of IUGR piglets than these of NBW piglets. IUGR decreased hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD activity（P = 0.023） per unit of Cu/Zn-SOD protein in piglets when compared with NBW piglets. In addition, IUGR piglets exhibited the decreases in accumulation of copper in both plasma（P = 0.001） and liver（P = 0.014）, as well as the concentrations of iron（P = 0.002） and zinc（P = 0.048） in liver. Compared with NBW, IUGR down-regulated m RNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD（P = 0.021） in the liver of piglets.Conclusions： The results indicated that IUGR impaired antioxidant capacity and resulted in oxidative damage in fully weaned piglets, which might be associated with the decreased levels of redox-active trace minerals. This study highlights the importance of redox status in IUGR offspring and provides a rationale for alleviating oxidative damage by dietary interventions aiming to supplement trace minerals and to restore redox balance in the future.
文摘Aim Fragile X mental retardation protein （FMRP） is an RNA-binding protein important for the control of translation and synaptic function. The mutation or silencing of FMRP causes Fragile X syndrome （FXS） , which leads to intellectual disability and social impairment. γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） is the major inhibitory neuro- transmitter of the mammalian central nervous system, and its metabotropic GABAB receptor has been implicated in various mental disorders. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been shown to improve FXS symptoms in a mouse model and in human patients, suggesting the role of GABAB receptor on FMRP regulation. Here we investi- gated the signaling events linking the GABAB receptor and FMRP. Methods Western blot was used in this study to detect protein expression and kinase phosphorylation in cerebellar granule neurons. For key molecules in signal- ling pathway, RNAi was used in MEFs to confirm the results in neurons. Results GABAB receptor activation up- regulated cAMP response element binding protein-dependent Fmrp expression in cultured mouse cerebellar granule neurons via two distinct mechanisms： the transactivation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and activation of protein kinase C. In addition, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAB receptor, CGP7930, stimulated Fmrp expression in neurons. Conclusion These results suggest a role for GABAB receptor in Fmrp regulation and a po- tential interest of GABAB receptor signaling in FXS improvement.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5152 2906,51479184,51609219)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Shandong Scientific Committee(No.JQ201512)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province
文摘The key concept of spectrum response estimation with commercial software,such as the SESAM software tool,typically includes two main steps:finding a suitable loading spectrum and computing the response amplitude operators(RAOs) subjected to a frequency-specified wave component.In this paper,we propose a nontraditional spectrum response estimation method that uses a numerical representation of the retardation functions.Based on estimated added mass and damping matrices of the structure,we decompose and replace the convolution terms with a series of poles and corresponding residues in the Laplace domain.Then,we estimate the power density corresponding to each frequency component using the improved periodogram method.The advantage of this approach is that the frequency-dependent motion equations in the time domain can be transformed into the Laplace domain without requiring Laplace-domain expressions for the added mass and damping.To validate the proposed method,we use a numerical semi-submerged pontoon from the SESAM.The numerical results show that the responses of the proposed method match well with those obtained from the traditional method.Furthermore,the estimated spectrum also matches well,which indicates its potential application to deep-water floating structures.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-36)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,Ministry of Education of China (IRT0555)
文摘To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with folic acid on growth performance, hepatic protein metabolism and serum biochemical indices of early-weaned intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR） piglets, 24 male （Durocx （LandracexYorkshire）） weaned （14-d-old） IUGR piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates of 1 piglet per replicate. The piglets in each treatment were fed basal diet supplementation with either 0 （control）, 5 and 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid. The trial lasted for 21 d. Dietary folic acid supplementation reduced average daily feed intake （ADFI） （P〈0.05）. In addition, the average daily gain （ADG） in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group was significantly decreased （P〈0.01） and the ratio of feed：gain （F/G） increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Serum folic acid concentration increased （P〈0.01） with increasing folic acid inclusion, however, serum homocysteine concentration decreased significantly （P〈0.01）. Enhanced serum urine nitrogen （SUN） and diminished serum total protein （TP） as well as liver TP content were observed in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group （/＇〈0.05）. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expressions of insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1） and mammalian target of rapamycin （m-TOR） in liver were respectively tended to reduce （P=0.06） and significantly downregulated （P〈0.05） in 10 mg kg1 group, in compared with 5 mg kg1 group. However, when compared with control group, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on the mRNA abundance of IGF- 1 and m-TOR. The results indicated that supplementation with 10 mg kg-I folic acid impaired growth performance and hepatic protein metabolism of early-weaned IUGR piglets while 5 mg kg-~ folic acid enriched diet exerted limited positive effects.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31902197 and 31802094)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20180531)。
文摘Background:Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and autophagy are implicated in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation;however,their roles in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)-induced colon inflammation are unclear.This study explored the protective effects of natural stilbene pterostilbene on colon inflammation using the IUGR piglets and the tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)-treated human colonic epithelial cells(Caco-2)by targeting ER stress and autophagy.Results:Both the IUGR colon and the TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells exhibited inflammatory responses,ER stress,and impaired autophagic flux(P<0.05).The ER stress inducer tunicamycin and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine further augmented inflammatory responses and apoptosis in the TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells(P<0.05).Conversely,pterostilbene inhibited ER stress and restored autophagic flux in the IUGR colon and the TNF-α-treated cells(P<0.05).Pterostilbene also prevented the release of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65,reduced intestinal permeability and cell apoptosis,and facilitated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins in the IUGR colon and the TNF-α-treated cells(P<0.05).Importantly,treatment with tunicamycin or autophagosome-lysosome binding inhibitor chloroquine blocked the positive effects of pterostilbene on inflammatory response,cell apoptosis,and intestinal barrier function in the TNF-α-exposed Caco-2 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pterostilbene mitigates ER stress and promotes autophagic flux,thereby improving colon inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the IUGR piglets and the TNF-α-treated Caco-2 cells.
基金Project supported by the Research Project for Basic&Forefront Technology of Henan Province,China(Grant No.132300410301)the Key Research Project for Science and Technology of the Education Department of Henan Province,China(Grant No.13B430181)
文摘In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption （EIA） is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metamaterial consisting of a short metal strip （which acts as a bright resonator） and a long metal strip （acting as a dark resonator）, which has been reported to support the electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT） effect. The transition from EIA to EIT can be clearly observed in the absorbance spectra via varying the vertical spacing between two resonant oscillators. With the help of the coupled two-oscillator model, the phase shift between the bright and dark resonance modes is calculated by fitting the simulated absorbance spectra, which reveals the physical mechanisms behind constructive and destructive interference effects in EIT/EIA metamaterials.
基金supported by Public Welfare Special Research of National Environmental Protection of China (No. 201309004)
文摘In this paper, with K＋, Ca2＋ and Fe3＋ as the objects of study, retardation of soil-bentonite （SB） barrier materials for metal ions with different valences is investigated, and the adsorption mechanism, migration patterns and permeation behavior are explored so as to provide a theoretical basis for their application. The results show that the adsorption process for metal ions with different valences by SB barrier materials is fast, and the higher the valence, the greater the adsorption capacity. The fitting of the adsorption process conforms to pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption equation, which explains that chemical adsorption is the dominating state and that the SB surface has certain heterogeneity. The permeability coefficient of K＋, Ca2＋ and Fe3＋ in SB each has a maximum and the higher the valence, the sooner the maximum appears. Also the higher the valence, the more obvious the effect on SB retardation performance; and the sooner the ion breaks through the barrier wall completely, that is, the wall＇s retardation performance for higher valent ions may decline.
文摘128 children of mental retardation were diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic stand-ards proposed by WHO in 1985. The patients were treated compositely with acupuncture, auriculo-acupoint pellet pressure and herbal plasters on acupoints, bringing about improved mental developments in intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptation behaviour (SAB), as evidenced by recognized intelligence tests for children.
