Introduction: The composite SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo) is indicated for posterior restorations, with a single increment up to 5 mm due to reduced polymerization shrinkage, thus reducing working time. Aim: Evaluation of m...Introduction: The composite SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo) is indicated for posterior restorations, with a single increment up to 5 mm due to reduced polymerization shrinkage, thus reducing working time. Aim: Evaluation of marginal microleakage with SonicFillTM. Method and Materials: There were sectioned sixty noncarious human molars in the occluso-cervical direction. Class V cavities were prepared on each tooth with gingival margin walls in a standardized way. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: group 1—restored with SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo), group 2—restored with FiltekTM SupremeXTE (3M ESPE), group 3—the cavities were not restored;group 4—restored with SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo). In groups 1, 2 and 4 the enamel was conditioned with 37% orthophosphoric acid and applied the self-etch adhesive system Clear- fillTM SE BOND (Kuraray). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37?C for 7 days. After, the specimens, were immersed in a solution of 99mTc-Pertechnetate and the radioactivity was assessed with a gamma camera. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction at a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analyses. Results: There are significant differences between the positive and negative control groups and between these and experimental groups (p TM and FiltekTM SupremeXTE. Conclusion: The new composite SonicFillTM and FiltekTM SupremeXTE showed no difference concerning dye penetration. The Sonic- FillTM restorative system showed no influence in concerning microleakage.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the quality of the composite restorations. Material and Methods: A total of 246 composite restorations in 125 patients attending the Conservative Dentistry Clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Uni...Purpose: To evaluate the quality of the composite restorations. Material and Methods: A total of 246 composite restorations in 125 patients attending the Conservative Dentistry Clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum were examined. Both anterior and posterior composite restorations were included. California Dental Association Quality Evaluation System was used for the evaluation. Results: Fifty two percent of all restorations were found to be satisfactory, while the remaining 48% were not satisfactory. With regard to surface and colour criteria, colour mismatch within the range (34.8%) and slight surface roughness (26.6%) were the most common defects. The most frequent defects of the anatomical form were restoration overhang (26.8%). The majority of the restorations above 4 years old were of unacceptable anatomical form (66.7%), and their marginal integrity was less acceptable than more recent restorations (46.7%). Conclusions: Forty eight percent of the examined composite restorations needed to be replaced, and the unacceptable anatomic form was the main cause of failure of composite restorations.展开更多
Since the last two decades, restorative dentistry has been witnessing an increased acceptance of the use of the well-known all-ceramic materials for the fabrication of single dental restorations, such as inlays, onlay...Since the last two decades, restorative dentistry has been witnessing an increased acceptance of the use of the well-known all-ceramic materials for the fabrication of single dental restorations, such as inlays, onlays, crowns, anterior and posterior fixed partial dentures (PFPDs). These restorations certainly offer the potential for better biocompatibility coupled with superior aesthetic qualities, especially when compared with the conventional prostheses made from porcelain that is fused with metal ceramic restorations. However, brittleness and extreme sensitivity of all-ceramic materials to micro-like defects or cracks that are inherently present, or may grow, in their microstructure during different laboratory fabrication steps, during necessary clinical adjustments, or from post-placement chewing activity, remain major shortcomings of these dental restorations. In fact, many researchers are of the opinion that the improved mechanical properties can significantly improve the lifetime of all-ceramic restorations and result in enhanced reliability. Therefore, efforts of researchers, as well as manufacturers, have been directed towards the improvement of the mechanical properties in order to overcome such limitations. This article reviews the characterization of the most important mechanical properties that can delineate the behavior of all-ceramic dental materials upon loading. These include fracture mechanics, the brittle nature of ceramics, the relationship between microstructural features and fracture behavior, sources of cracks and flaws that may initiate a fracture and the effect of different fabrication procedures and/or clinical adjustments on the mechanical behavior of dental ceramics are also reviewed and discussed.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to ceramic brackets. Additionallly, a further aim of this study was to overcome...The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to ceramic brackets. Additionallly, a further aim of this study was to overcome the etching using hydrofluoric acid which is noxious and could seriously damage the corneas of the eyes. Two surface conditioning methods of four ceramic materials before bonding brackets were examined: in group 1 an air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide (4 seconds at a pressure of 2.5 bars) and subsequently a silane coupling agent (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) was applicated on one side of each ceramic specimen (10 per group). In group 2 one side of each sample (20 per group) was etched with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid for two minutes and was followed by a silane application (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). After this procedure the self-ligating ceramic brackets Clarity SL (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) brackets were bonded to the ceramic blocks and a thermocycling process started (5°C - 55°C, 6000 cycles). Then, shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. To determine statistical differences Oneway-ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test were performed. Hydrofluoric acid seems not to be justifiable anymore for preparing the surface of dental ceramic restorations before bracket bonding. Sandblasting with 25 μm aluminium trioxide and the use of orthophosphoric acid (37.0 per cent) seem to prepare the surface of ceramic restoration sufficiently before ceramic bracket bonding. The found level of shear bond strength values seems to be sufficient for bonding ceramic brackets to ceramic restorations.展开更多
Adhesive layer is an essential part of tooth colored restorations which play an important role in decreasing the microleakage between the tooth and restoration material after polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of t...Adhesive layer is an essential part of tooth colored restorations which play an important role in decreasing the microleakage between the tooth and restoration material after polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of deferent adhesive system of bonding agent on microleakage of nanocomposite resin in class II cavities. Two different types of adhesive systems: universal adhesive (ExciTE) and a newly developed adhesive (Nano-Bond) and one type of light-cured resin restorative material (nanocomposite resin) were used in this study. These adhesives were applied to prepared tooth cavities by either manufactures’ instructions or by an experimental method (single or double application). Nanocomposite resin was then placed and light-cured for 40 seconds. Teeth were subjected to 500 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C and were immersed in 3% methylene blue solution for 24 hours;microleakage was observed microscopically. The data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. For comparison between groups, Tukey’s post-hoc test was used. Nanoparticles reinforced adhesive system shows low microleakage in compare with universal adhesive system, and application of two adhesive layers also can decrease the microleakage. The ability of stress absorption by adhesive layer after polymerization shrinkage of restoration material will reduce the microleakage.展开更多
To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to t...To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients subjected to implant-supported single-tooth restorations in anterior maxillae were included. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the mucosal thickness： （i） group 1, 1.5 mm≤mucosal thickness≤3 mm; and （ii） group 2, 3 mm〈mucosal thickness≤4.5 mm. Assessments of interproximal papillae at the time of crown placement （baseline） and at 6-month postloading （follow-up） were made by two prosthodontists using papilla fill index （PFI）. The mean mucosal thickness was （2.49±0.31） mm （group 1） and （3.81±0.31） mm （group 2） for the two groups respectively. A significant difference in PFI between the groups was detected at the baseline （P〈O.O01）. PFI improvements over time occurred after 6-month follow-up irrespective of the groups. When compared to group 1, the likelihood to obtain papilla fill was significantly higher for group 2 with an odds ratio of 6.05 （P〈O.O01）. The interproximal papilla level around single-implant restorations could improve significantly over time after 6-month restoration according to PFI assessment. The thicker mucosa before implant placement implied a more favorable esthetic outcome in papilla alteration.展开更多
Image restoration is often solved by minimizing an energy function consisting of a data-fidelity term and a regularization term.A regularized convex term can usually preserve the image edges well in the restored image...Image restoration is often solved by minimizing an energy function consisting of a data-fidelity term and a regularization term.A regularized convex term can usually preserve the image edges well in the restored image.In this paper,we consider a class of convex and edge-preserving regularization functions,i.e.,multiplicative half-quadratic regularizations,and we use the Newton method to solve the correspondingly reduced systems of nonlinear equations.At each Newton iterate,the preconditioned conjugate gradient method,incorporated with a constraint preconditioner,is employed to solve the structured Newton equation that has a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix. The eigenvalue bounds of the preconditioned matrix are deliberately derived,which can be used to estimate the convergence speed of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method.We use experimental results to demonstrate that this new approach is efficient, and the effect of image restoration is reasonably well.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atraumatic restorative treatment(ART)may be appropriate for populations without accessibility and affordability.More data are required regarding the success rate of ART in anterior teeth.AIM To evaluate the...BACKGROUND Atraumatic restorative treatment(ART)may be appropriate for populations without accessibility and affordability.More data are required regarding the success rate of ART in anterior teeth.AIM To evaluate the clinical performance of restoring class III cavities in anterior teeth of permanent dentition using the ART approach.METHODS A longitudinal interventional field study was carried out at two rural primary health centers,Tumkur district,India.A total of 54 teeth in 39 patients were evaluated for the survival rate of class III restorations in permanent anterior teeth using the ART approach in children and adult populations.Evaluation of ART restoration was carried out using Frencken J criteria,the mean procedure time,patient acceptance and reported pain severity during the ART approach were evaluated using a visual analog scale.Calculation of the cost of ART was also performed.RESULTS The mean time taken to perform the ART procedure was 14.79±5.8 min with the majority of patients reporting only mild pain.At 6 mo follow-up,72.2%remained in a good state,but this reduced to 27%at 12 mo.The cumulative survival rate of the restorations was 94.4%at 6 mo and 80.9%at 12 mo follow-up.Estimation of the direct cost for a single class III restoration was 186.50 INR(2.64 USD).CONCLUSION ART may be a good comprehensive option for basic oral health care for underserved or inaccessible populations,and preventive care for patients.展开更多
Metal-ceramic restorations are widely used in dentistry with a high degree of general success. However, fracture of these restorations does occur and usually frustrates both the dentist and the patient. Objective: Thi...Metal-ceramic restorations are widely used in dentistry with a high degree of general success. However, fracture of these restorations does occur and usually frustrates both the dentist and the patient. Objective: This literature review discusses the factors that may lead to the fracture of these restorations whether they are tooth-supported or implant-supported with the aim of making dentists and technicians aware of these factors to avoid them. Factors reviewed include: technical factors, dentist-related factors, inherent material properties, direction, magnitude and frequency of applied loads, environmental factors, screw-retained implant-supported restorations, and posterior cantilevered prostheses. Material and Methods: A netbased search in “Pubmed” was performed and combined with a manual search. The search was limited to articles written in English. Conclusions: the published literature revealed that the factors predisposing to fracture of metal-ceramic restorations may be related to the technician, dentist, patient, environment, design of the restoration, or to inherent structure of ceramics and others. However, if the dentist and technician understand these factors and respect the physical characteristics of the materials, most of those are avoidable.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes increases periodontal disease risk and its complications, which are worsened with age or faulty restorations. <strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluate periodontal he...<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes increases periodontal disease risk and its complications, which are worsened with age or faulty restorations. <strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluate periodontal health among patients with diabetes treated with different dental restorations. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Najran University, KSA, from March 2018 to February 2020. It included 260 diabetics, treated with different dental restorations, divided into four groups, each comprising 65 patients aged 45 - 60 years: Group 1 (G1), no restorations (control group);Group 2 (G2), Class II amalgam restorations;Group 3 (G3), Class II composite resin restorations;and Group 4 (G4), three-unit posterior metal ceramic prostheses. The Ages of all restorations ranged from 8 to 10 years. All groups were assessed for the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI), Overhangs Rate (OR), Alveolar Bone Loss (ABL) (the latter two using panoramic X-ray). HbA1c and duration of participants were also assessed and compared. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean HbA1c results of the groups ranged from 8.1% to 9.5%, and their mean diabetes durations ranged from 7.2 to 12 years. All the groups showed worse periodontal scores, ranging from 2.45 - 2.95 for PI and 2.25 - 2.8 for GI. G2 had higher scores than G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G4 had the highest two recorded scores (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G2 had a higher rate of overhangs than G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.037). The mean ABL was 44% (SD 6.4) for G1, 56.0% (SD 6.7) for G2, 46.5% (SD 5.8) for G3, and 74.5% (SD 6.4) for G4. The lowest values were recorded in G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> = 0.987). The highest value was observed in G4, which was significantly higher than other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The worse periodontal parameters among subjects treated with either three-unit metal ceramic or Class II amalgam restorations indicated severe periodontal destruction. Untreated subjects and subjects treated with Class II composite resin had relatively better periodontal status.展开更多
Ecological restorations(ERs)have been widely implemented in recent decades to enhance ecosystem stability.However,the extent of their impacts on ecosystem stability and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understoo...Ecological restorations(ERs)have been widely implemented in recent decades to enhance ecosystem stability.However,the extent of their impacts on ecosystem stability and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood.This study developed a comprehensive framework for ecosystem stability assessment by integrating the temporal stability of ecosystem service(ES)provision,ecological resistance,and ecological resilience.Additionally,ER intensity was quantified using vegetation index trends,while the pathways and magnitudes of key factors driving ecosystem stability were identified by partial least squares structural equation modeling.Using the Jialing River Basin as a case study,our results revealed that forests exhibited the highest ecosystem stability due to their enhanced capacity to maintain temporal stability of ES provision and ecological resilience.However,farmlands demonstrated the strongest ecological resistance,followed by forests and grasslands.ER projects were primarily implemented in northern and southern farmland regions characterized by low ecological resilience.Pathway analysis identified that favorable climates significantly enhanced the temporal stability of ES provision,and rugged topography improved the ecological resistance.However,fragmented landscape patches disrupted stable ES provision by reducing ecological connectivity,and socioeconomic development diminished both resistance and resilience through land-use intensification.Notably,ERs improved ecological resilience,which in turn elevated overall ecosystem stability.Our results indicated that the proposed framework provides a systematic approach for comprehensive ecosystem stability evaluation and offers critical insights for developing region-specific ER strategies.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia,affecting over 50 million people worldwide.This figure is projected to nearly double every 20 years,reaching 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050(Alzhe...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia,affecting over 50 million people worldwide.This figure is projected to nearly double every 20 years,reaching 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050(Alzheimer’s Disease International).The apolipoproteinε4(APOE4)allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD(after age 65 years).Apolipoprotein E,a lipid transporter,exists in three variants:ε2,ε3,andε4.APOEε2(APOE2)is protective against AD,APOEε3(APOE3)is neutral,while APOE4 significantly increases the risk.Individuals with one copy of APOE4 have a 4-fold greater risk of developing AD,and those with two copies face an 8-fold risk compared to non-carriers.Even in cognitively normal individuals,APOE4 carriers exhibit brain metabolic and vascular deficits decades before amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles emerge-the hallmark pathologies of AD(Reiman et al.,2001,2005;Thambisetty et al.,2010).Notably,studies have demonstrated reduced glucose uptake,or hypometabolism,in brain regions vulnerable to AD in asymptomatic middle-aged APOE4 carriers,long before clinical symptoms arise(Reiman et al.,2001,2005).展开更多
Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability...Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.展开更多
Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system,transmitting visual signals to the brain.The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological change...Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system,transmitting visual signals to the brain.The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological changes in several retinal degenerative diseases,including glaucoma,ischemic optic neuropathy,diabetic neuropathy,and optic neuritis.In mammals,injured retinal ganglion cells lack regenerative capacity and undergo apoptotic cell death within a few days of injury.Additionally,these cells exhibit limited regenerative ability,ultimately contributing to vision impairment and potentially leading to blindness.Currently,the only effective clinical treatment for glaucoma is to prevent vision loss by lowering intraocular pressure through medications or surgery;however,this approach cannot halt the effect of retinal ganglion cell loss on visual function.This review comprehensively investigates the mechanisms underlying retinal ganglion cell degeneration in retinal degenerative diseases and further explores the current status and potential of cell replacement therapy for regenerating retinal ganglion cells.As our understanding of the complex processes involved in retinal ganglion cell degeneration deepens,we can explore new treatment strategies,such as cell transplantation,which may offer more effective ways to mitigate the effect of retinal degenerative diseases on vision.展开更多
The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurode...The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.展开更多
The novel dental ceramics can be fabricated at lower temperatures when sol-gel derived lithium disilicate glass ceramics(LDGC)was used as an additive for yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP)cer...The novel dental ceramics can be fabricated at lower temperatures when sol-gel derived lithium disilicate glass ceramics(LDGC)was used as an additive for yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP)ceramics.The effect of LDGC on the sintering,mechanical,and translucent properties of Y-TZP ceramics was investigated in the present study.The results showed that the LDGC additive effectively improved the densification of Y-TZP at 1100℃,which was much lower than the sintering temperature for pure Y-TZP.When sintered at 1100℃,the Y-TZP with 1 wt%LDGC reached a relative density of 95.45%,and prossessed a flexural strength of 482.4 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.94 MPa-m12.Moreover,its translucency was also improved.While,the addition of LDGC could result in an escape of yttrium atoms from the grain lattice of zirconia,which induced the tetragonal-monoclinic transformation of zirconia and abnormal growth of monoclinic grains.The escaped yttrium atoms diffused into the intergranular glass phase.The results indicated that the novel Y-TZP-LDGC ceramics has a great potential to be used for all-ceramic restorations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the...BACKGROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the high human–human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.However,there is no evidence about how SARSCoV-2 interacts with oral structures,particularly resin composites.AIM To evaluate the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with monomers present in resin composites using in silico analysis.METHODS Four SARS-CoV-2 proteins[i.e.main protease,3C-like protease,papain-like protease(PLpro),and glycoprotein spike]were selected along with salivary amylase as the positive control,and their binding affinity with bisphenol-A glycol dimethacrylate,bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate,triethylene glycol dimethacrylate,and urethane dimethacrylate was evaluated.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and visualised in Chimera UCSF 1.14.The best ligand–protein model was identified based on the binding energy(ΔG–kcal/moL).RESULTS Values for the binding energies ranged from-3.6 kcal/moL to-7.3 kcal/moL.The 3-monomer chain had the lowest binding energy(i.e.highest affinity)to PLpro and the glycoprotein spike.Non-polymerised monomers and polymerised chains interacted with SARS-CoV-2 proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.Those findings suggest an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and resin composites.CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 proteins show affinity to non-polymerised and polymerised resin composite chains.展开更多
Decades of species composition changes can lead to the eutrophication-driven loss of submerged macrophytes in shallow lakes.Investigating the mechanisms of these nature-and human driven changes is crucial for the rest...Decades of species composition changes can lead to the eutrophication-driven loss of submerged macrophytes in shallow lakes.Investigating the mechanisms of these nature-and human driven changes is crucial for the restoration and management of such lakes.To investigate the changes in aquatic macrophyte communities over the past two centuries,we analyzed macrofossils in sediments from a^(210)Pb-dated core obtained in Dongping Lake in the lower Huanghe(Yellow)River Basin,eastern China.Multiple factor analysis(MFA)revealed an association between macrophyte shifts and changes in various environmental stressors(invertebrates,grain size,geochemistry,and documented records),indicating that macrophyte community changes before 1960 were predominately driven by flood disturbances.Ever since,anthropogenic pollution and the construction of water conservancy projects have caused variations in hydrology and nutrients,leading to significant changes in the composition of macrophyte communities.Macrofossil data reveal a decline in diversity and pollution-intolerant species during the late 1980 s and the early 2000 s,which is indicative of eutrophication.We also found that the current environment of Dongping Lake exhibits a clear degeneration in emergent plants and a proliferation of macrophyte species associated with eutrophic conditions,which could be attributed to water level fluctuation and nutrient input due to the water supply from the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as well as climate warming.Our results provide valuable insights for assessing ecosystem health and the restoration and management of Dongping Lake and similar lakes in the Huanghe River region and elsewhere.展开更多
Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics,ameliorating physical structure,mitigating heavy metal toxicity,and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings ...Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics,ameliorating physical structure,mitigating heavy metal toxicity,and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings substrate to a soil-like substrate.The incorporation of biomass co-pyrolysis and plant colonization has been established to be a significant factor in soil substrate formation and soil pollutant remediation.Despite this,there is presently an absence of research efforts aimed at synergistically utilizing these two technologies to expedite the process of mining tailings soil substrate formation.The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of geochemical changes and rapid mineral weathering during the process of transforming tailings substrate into a soil-like substrate,under the combined effects of biomass co-smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization.The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization induces a high-temperature effect and biological effects,which enhance the physical and chemical properties of tailings,while simultaneously accelerating the rate of mineral weathering.Notable improvements include the amelioration of extreme pH levels,nutrient enrichment,the formation of aggregates,and an increase in enzyme activity,all of which collectively demonstrate the successful attainment of tailings substrate reconstruction.Evidence of the acceleratedweathering was verified by phase and surfacemorphology analysis using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Discovered corrosion and fragmentation on the surface ofminerals.The weathering resulted in corrosion and fragmentation of the surface of the treated mineral.This study confirms that co-smoldering pyrolysis of biomass,combined with plant colonization,can effectively promote the transformation of tailings into soil-like substrates.This method has can effectively address the key challenges that have previously hindered sustainable development of the mining industry and provides a novel approach for ecological restoration of tailings deposits.展开更多
Facial recognition systems have become increasingly significant in public security efforts. They play a crucial role in apprehending criminals and locating missing children and elderly individuals. Nevertheless, in pr...Facial recognition systems have become increasingly significant in public security efforts. They play a crucial role in apprehending criminals and locating missing children and elderly individuals. Nevertheless, in practical applications, around 30% to 50% of images are obstructed to varied extents, for as by the presence of masks, glasses, or hats. Repairing the masked facial images will enhance face recognition accuracy by 10% to 20%. Simultaneously, market research indicates a rising demand for efficient facial recognition technology within the security and surveillance sectors, with projections suggesting that the global facial recognition market would exceed US$3 billion by 2025. Therefore, finding a prompt and efficient solution to fix the masked face and enhance its accuracy has become a pressing issue that has to be resolved. Currently, the generative adversarial network has shown excellent performance in the field of image restoration, with high precision and good quality of restoration results, but it consumes a lot of computing resources. Based on this, this paper proposes a model architecture that uses the U-Net network to replace the generator in the generative adversarial network, and replaces all traditional convolutional layers with Depthwise Separable Convolutional (DWSC) to make the entire network lightweight. Ultimately, We utilise the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) value to assess the efficacy of the developed model. We select samples with occlusion levels ranging from 10%–15% and 20%–30%, yielding PSNR values of 35.51 and 30.33, respectively. In contrast, the PSNR values of the three predominant algorithms in image restoration—PM, ShiftNet, and PICNet—are all below 30, demonstrating the superiority of the model presented in this paper. However, the model presented in this work possesses certain drawbacks. This work employs solely black rectangles to replicate real-life occlusions. Future study should utilise tangible objects, like as sunglasses and masks, to directly imitate occlusions, so enhancing the accuracy of the restoration effect. The model presented in this study can be further expanded from image restoration to video restoration to investigate the potential for dynamic occlusion repair.展开更多
文摘Introduction: The composite SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo) is indicated for posterior restorations, with a single increment up to 5 mm due to reduced polymerization shrinkage, thus reducing working time. Aim: Evaluation of marginal microleakage with SonicFillTM. Method and Materials: There were sectioned sixty noncarious human molars in the occluso-cervical direction. Class V cavities were prepared on each tooth with gingival margin walls in a standardized way. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: group 1—restored with SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo), group 2—restored with FiltekTM SupremeXTE (3M ESPE), group 3—the cavities were not restored;group 4—restored with SonicFillTM (Kerr/Kavo). In groups 1, 2 and 4 the enamel was conditioned with 37% orthophosphoric acid and applied the self-etch adhesive system Clear- fillTM SE BOND (Kuraray). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37?C for 7 days. After, the specimens, were immersed in a solution of 99mTc-Pertechnetate and the radioactivity was assessed with a gamma camera. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction at a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analyses. Results: There are significant differences between the positive and negative control groups and between these and experimental groups (p TM and FiltekTM SupremeXTE. Conclusion: The new composite SonicFillTM and FiltekTM SupremeXTE showed no difference concerning dye penetration. The Sonic- FillTM restorative system showed no influence in concerning microleakage.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the quality of the composite restorations. Material and Methods: A total of 246 composite restorations in 125 patients attending the Conservative Dentistry Clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum were examined. Both anterior and posterior composite restorations were included. California Dental Association Quality Evaluation System was used for the evaluation. Results: Fifty two percent of all restorations were found to be satisfactory, while the remaining 48% were not satisfactory. With regard to surface and colour criteria, colour mismatch within the range (34.8%) and slight surface roughness (26.6%) were the most common defects. The most frequent defects of the anatomical form were restoration overhang (26.8%). The majority of the restorations above 4 years old were of unacceptable anatomical form (66.7%), and their marginal integrity was less acceptable than more recent restorations (46.7%). Conclusions: Forty eight percent of the examined composite restorations needed to be replaced, and the unacceptable anatomic form was the main cause of failure of composite restorations.
文摘Since the last two decades, restorative dentistry has been witnessing an increased acceptance of the use of the well-known all-ceramic materials for the fabrication of single dental restorations, such as inlays, onlays, crowns, anterior and posterior fixed partial dentures (PFPDs). These restorations certainly offer the potential for better biocompatibility coupled with superior aesthetic qualities, especially when compared with the conventional prostheses made from porcelain that is fused with metal ceramic restorations. However, brittleness and extreme sensitivity of all-ceramic materials to micro-like defects or cracks that are inherently present, or may grow, in their microstructure during different laboratory fabrication steps, during necessary clinical adjustments, or from post-placement chewing activity, remain major shortcomings of these dental restorations. In fact, many researchers are of the opinion that the improved mechanical properties can significantly improve the lifetime of all-ceramic restorations and result in enhanced reliability. Therefore, efforts of researchers, as well as manufacturers, have been directed towards the improvement of the mechanical properties in order to overcome such limitations. This article reviews the characterization of the most important mechanical properties that can delineate the behavior of all-ceramic dental materials upon loading. These include fracture mechanics, the brittle nature of ceramics, the relationship between microstructural features and fracture behavior, sources of cracks and flaws that may initiate a fracture and the effect of different fabrication procedures and/or clinical adjustments on the mechanical behavior of dental ceramics are also reviewed and discussed.
文摘The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to ceramic brackets. Additionallly, a further aim of this study was to overcome the etching using hydrofluoric acid which is noxious and could seriously damage the corneas of the eyes. Two surface conditioning methods of four ceramic materials before bonding brackets were examined: in group 1 an air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide (4 seconds at a pressure of 2.5 bars) and subsequently a silane coupling agent (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) was applicated on one side of each ceramic specimen (10 per group). In group 2 one side of each sample (20 per group) was etched with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid for two minutes and was followed by a silane application (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). After this procedure the self-ligating ceramic brackets Clarity SL (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) brackets were bonded to the ceramic blocks and a thermocycling process started (5°C - 55°C, 6000 cycles). Then, shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. To determine statistical differences Oneway-ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test were performed. Hydrofluoric acid seems not to be justifiable anymore for preparing the surface of dental ceramic restorations before bracket bonding. Sandblasting with 25 μm aluminium trioxide and the use of orthophosphoric acid (37.0 per cent) seem to prepare the surface of ceramic restoration sufficiently before ceramic bracket bonding. The found level of shear bond strength values seems to be sufficient for bonding ceramic brackets to ceramic restorations.
文摘Adhesive layer is an essential part of tooth colored restorations which play an important role in decreasing the microleakage between the tooth and restoration material after polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of deferent adhesive system of bonding agent on microleakage of nanocomposite resin in class II cavities. Two different types of adhesive systems: universal adhesive (ExciTE) and a newly developed adhesive (Nano-Bond) and one type of light-cured resin restorative material (nanocomposite resin) were used in this study. These adhesives were applied to prepared tooth cavities by either manufactures’ instructions or by an experimental method (single or double application). Nanocomposite resin was then placed and light-cured for 40 seconds. Teeth were subjected to 500 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C and were immersed in 3% methylene blue solution for 24 hours;microleakage was observed microscopically. The data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. For comparison between groups, Tukey’s post-hoc test was used. Nanoparticles reinforced adhesive system shows low microleakage in compare with universal adhesive system, and application of two adhesive layers also can decrease the microleakage. The ability of stress absorption by adhesive layer after polymerization shrinkage of restoration material will reduce the microleakage.
基金supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (09411955000 and 1052nm04500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070842)National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB933604)
文摘To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients subjected to implant-supported single-tooth restorations in anterior maxillae were included. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the mucosal thickness： （i） group 1, 1.5 mm≤mucosal thickness≤3 mm; and （ii） group 2, 3 mm〈mucosal thickness≤4.5 mm. Assessments of interproximal papillae at the time of crown placement （baseline） and at 6-month postloading （follow-up） were made by two prosthodontists using papilla fill index （PFI）. The mean mucosal thickness was （2.49±0.31） mm （group 1） and （3.81±0.31） mm （group 2） for the two groups respectively. A significant difference in PFI between the groups was detected at the baseline （P〈O.O01）. PFI improvements over time occurred after 6-month follow-up irrespective of the groups. When compared to group 1, the likelihood to obtain papilla fill was significantly higher for group 2 with an odds ratio of 6.05 （P〈O.O01）. The interproximal papilla level around single-implant restorations could improve significantly over time after 6-month restoration according to PFI assessment. The thicker mucosa before implant placement implied a more favorable esthetic outcome in papilla alteration.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (No.2005CB321702)the National Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation(No. 10525102)the Specialized Research Grant for High Educational Doctoral Program(Nos. 20090211120011 and LZULL200909),Hong Kong RGC grants and HKBU FRGs
文摘Image restoration is often solved by minimizing an energy function consisting of a data-fidelity term and a regularization term.A regularized convex term can usually preserve the image edges well in the restored image.In this paper,we consider a class of convex and edge-preserving regularization functions,i.e.,multiplicative half-quadratic regularizations,and we use the Newton method to solve the correspondingly reduced systems of nonlinear equations.At each Newton iterate,the preconditioned conjugate gradient method,incorporated with a constraint preconditioner,is employed to solve the structured Newton equation that has a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix. The eigenvalue bounds of the preconditioned matrix are deliberately derived,which can be used to estimate the convergence speed of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method.We use experimental results to demonstrate that this new approach is efficient, and the effect of image restoration is reasonably well.
基金Supported by the deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs.
文摘BACKGROUND Atraumatic restorative treatment(ART)may be appropriate for populations without accessibility and affordability.More data are required regarding the success rate of ART in anterior teeth.AIM To evaluate the clinical performance of restoring class III cavities in anterior teeth of permanent dentition using the ART approach.METHODS A longitudinal interventional field study was carried out at two rural primary health centers,Tumkur district,India.A total of 54 teeth in 39 patients were evaluated for the survival rate of class III restorations in permanent anterior teeth using the ART approach in children and adult populations.Evaluation of ART restoration was carried out using Frencken J criteria,the mean procedure time,patient acceptance and reported pain severity during the ART approach were evaluated using a visual analog scale.Calculation of the cost of ART was also performed.RESULTS The mean time taken to perform the ART procedure was 14.79±5.8 min with the majority of patients reporting only mild pain.At 6 mo follow-up,72.2%remained in a good state,but this reduced to 27%at 12 mo.The cumulative survival rate of the restorations was 94.4%at 6 mo and 80.9%at 12 mo follow-up.Estimation of the direct cost for a single class III restoration was 186.50 INR(2.64 USD).CONCLUSION ART may be a good comprehensive option for basic oral health care for underserved or inaccessible populations,and preventive care for patients.
文摘Metal-ceramic restorations are widely used in dentistry with a high degree of general success. However, fracture of these restorations does occur and usually frustrates both the dentist and the patient. Objective: This literature review discusses the factors that may lead to the fracture of these restorations whether they are tooth-supported or implant-supported with the aim of making dentists and technicians aware of these factors to avoid them. Factors reviewed include: technical factors, dentist-related factors, inherent material properties, direction, magnitude and frequency of applied loads, environmental factors, screw-retained implant-supported restorations, and posterior cantilevered prostheses. Material and Methods: A netbased search in “Pubmed” was performed and combined with a manual search. The search was limited to articles written in English. Conclusions: the published literature revealed that the factors predisposing to fracture of metal-ceramic restorations may be related to the technician, dentist, patient, environment, design of the restoration, or to inherent structure of ceramics and others. However, if the dentist and technician understand these factors and respect the physical characteristics of the materials, most of those are avoidable.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes increases periodontal disease risk and its complications, which are worsened with age or faulty restorations. <strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluate periodontal health among patients with diabetes treated with different dental restorations. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Najran University, KSA, from March 2018 to February 2020. It included 260 diabetics, treated with different dental restorations, divided into four groups, each comprising 65 patients aged 45 - 60 years: Group 1 (G1), no restorations (control group);Group 2 (G2), Class II amalgam restorations;Group 3 (G3), Class II composite resin restorations;and Group 4 (G4), three-unit posterior metal ceramic prostheses. The Ages of all restorations ranged from 8 to 10 years. All groups were assessed for the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI), Overhangs Rate (OR), Alveolar Bone Loss (ABL) (the latter two using panoramic X-ray). HbA1c and duration of participants were also assessed and compared. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean HbA1c results of the groups ranged from 8.1% to 9.5%, and their mean diabetes durations ranged from 7.2 to 12 years. All the groups showed worse periodontal scores, ranging from 2.45 - 2.95 for PI and 2.25 - 2.8 for GI. G2 had higher scores than G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G4 had the highest two recorded scores (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G2 had a higher rate of overhangs than G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.037). The mean ABL was 44% (SD 6.4) for G1, 56.0% (SD 6.7) for G2, 46.5% (SD 5.8) for G3, and 74.5% (SD 6.4) for G4. The lowest values were recorded in G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> = 0.987). The highest value was observed in G4, which was significantly higher than other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The worse periodontal parameters among subjects treated with either three-unit metal ceramic or Class II amalgam restorations indicated severe periodontal destruction. Untreated subjects and subjects treated with Class II composite resin had relatively better periodontal status.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grants No.2022YFF1303204 and 2024YFF1307902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271099)。
文摘Ecological restorations(ERs)have been widely implemented in recent decades to enhance ecosystem stability.However,the extent of their impacts on ecosystem stability and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood.This study developed a comprehensive framework for ecosystem stability assessment by integrating the temporal stability of ecosystem service(ES)provision,ecological resistance,and ecological resilience.Additionally,ER intensity was quantified using vegetation index trends,while the pathways and magnitudes of key factors driving ecosystem stability were identified by partial least squares structural equation modeling.Using the Jialing River Basin as a case study,our results revealed that forests exhibited the highest ecosystem stability due to their enhanced capacity to maintain temporal stability of ES provision and ecological resilience.However,farmlands demonstrated the strongest ecological resistance,followed by forests and grasslands.ER projects were primarily implemented in northern and southern farmland regions characterized by low ecological resilience.Pathway analysis identified that favorable climates significantly enhanced the temporal stability of ES provision,and rugged topography improved the ecological resistance.However,fragmented landscape patches disrupted stable ES provision by reducing ecological connectivity,and socioeconomic development diminished both resistance and resilience through land-use intensification.Notably,ERs improved ecological resilience,which in turn elevated overall ecosystem stability.Our results indicated that the proposed framework provides a systematic approach for comprehensive ecosystem stability evaluation and offers critical insights for developing region-specific ER strategies.
基金supported by National Institute on Aging(NIH-NIA)R01AG054459(to ALL).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia,affecting over 50 million people worldwide.This figure is projected to nearly double every 20 years,reaching 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050(Alzheimer’s Disease International).The apolipoproteinε4(APOE4)allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD(after age 65 years).Apolipoprotein E,a lipid transporter,exists in three variants:ε2,ε3,andε4.APOEε2(APOE2)is protective against AD,APOEε3(APOE3)is neutral,while APOE4 significantly increases the risk.Individuals with one copy of APOE4 have a 4-fold greater risk of developing AD,and those with two copies face an 8-fold risk compared to non-carriers.Even in cognitively normal individuals,APOE4 carriers exhibit brain metabolic and vascular deficits decades before amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles emerge-the hallmark pathologies of AD(Reiman et al.,2001,2005;Thambisetty et al.,2010).Notably,studies have demonstrated reduced glucose uptake,or hypometabolism,in brain regions vulnerable to AD in asymptomatic middle-aged APOE4 carriers,long before clinical symptoms arise(Reiman et al.,2001,2005).
文摘Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFA0111200the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.U23A20436,82371047+3 种基金Key Research Project in Shanxi Province,No.202302130501008Shanxi Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.202103021221008Key Research and Development Program in Shanxi Province,No.202204051001023Shanxi Medical University Doctor’s Startup Fund Project,No.SD22028(all to YG)。
文摘Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system,transmitting visual signals to the brain.The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological changes in several retinal degenerative diseases,including glaucoma,ischemic optic neuropathy,diabetic neuropathy,and optic neuritis.In mammals,injured retinal ganglion cells lack regenerative capacity and undergo apoptotic cell death within a few days of injury.Additionally,these cells exhibit limited regenerative ability,ultimately contributing to vision impairment and potentially leading to blindness.Currently,the only effective clinical treatment for glaucoma is to prevent vision loss by lowering intraocular pressure through medications or surgery;however,this approach cannot halt the effect of retinal ganglion cell loss on visual function.This review comprehensively investigates the mechanisms underlying retinal ganglion cell degeneration in retinal degenerative diseases and further explores the current status and potential of cell replacement therapy for regenerating retinal ganglion cells.As our understanding of the complex processes involved in retinal ganglion cell degeneration deepens,we can explore new treatment strategies,such as cell transplantation,which may offer more effective ways to mitigate the effect of retinal degenerative diseases on vision.
文摘The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.
基金supported by the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.17441904100).
文摘The novel dental ceramics can be fabricated at lower temperatures when sol-gel derived lithium disilicate glass ceramics(LDGC)was used as an additive for yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP)ceramics.The effect of LDGC on the sintering,mechanical,and translucent properties of Y-TZP ceramics was investigated in the present study.The results showed that the LDGC additive effectively improved the densification of Y-TZP at 1100℃,which was much lower than the sintering temperature for pure Y-TZP.When sintered at 1100℃,the Y-TZP with 1 wt%LDGC reached a relative density of 95.45%,and prossessed a flexural strength of 482.4 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.94 MPa-m12.Moreover,its translucency was also improved.While,the addition of LDGC could result in an escape of yttrium atoms from the grain lattice of zirconia,which induced the tetragonal-monoclinic transformation of zirconia and abnormal growth of monoclinic grains.The escaped yttrium atoms diffused into the intergranular glass phase.The results indicated that the novel Y-TZP-LDGC ceramics has a great potential to be used for all-ceramic restorations.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the high human–human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.However,there is no evidence about how SARSCoV-2 interacts with oral structures,particularly resin composites.AIM To evaluate the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with monomers present in resin composites using in silico analysis.METHODS Four SARS-CoV-2 proteins[i.e.main protease,3C-like protease,papain-like protease(PLpro),and glycoprotein spike]were selected along with salivary amylase as the positive control,and their binding affinity with bisphenol-A glycol dimethacrylate,bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate,triethylene glycol dimethacrylate,and urethane dimethacrylate was evaluated.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and visualised in Chimera UCSF 1.14.The best ligand–protein model was identified based on the binding energy(ΔG–kcal/moL).RESULTS Values for the binding energies ranged from-3.6 kcal/moL to-7.3 kcal/moL.The 3-monomer chain had the lowest binding energy(i.e.highest affinity)to PLpro and the glycoprotein spike.Non-polymerised monomers and polymerised chains interacted with SARS-CoV-2 proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.Those findings suggest an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and resin composites.CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 proteins show affinity to non-polymerised and polymerised resin composite chains.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42007397,41871073)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QD002)。
文摘Decades of species composition changes can lead to the eutrophication-driven loss of submerged macrophytes in shallow lakes.Investigating the mechanisms of these nature-and human driven changes is crucial for the restoration and management of such lakes.To investigate the changes in aquatic macrophyte communities over the past two centuries,we analyzed macrofossils in sediments from a^(210)Pb-dated core obtained in Dongping Lake in the lower Huanghe(Yellow)River Basin,eastern China.Multiple factor analysis(MFA)revealed an association between macrophyte shifts and changes in various environmental stressors(invertebrates,grain size,geochemistry,and documented records),indicating that macrophyte community changes before 1960 were predominately driven by flood disturbances.Ever since,anthropogenic pollution and the construction of water conservancy projects have caused variations in hydrology and nutrients,leading to significant changes in the composition of macrophyte communities.Macrofossil data reveal a decline in diversity and pollution-intolerant species during the late 1980 s and the early 2000 s,which is indicative of eutrophication.We also found that the current environment of Dongping Lake exhibits a clear degeneration in emergent plants and a proliferation of macrophyte species associated with eutrophic conditions,which could be attributed to water level fluctuation and nutrient input due to the water supply from the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as well as climate warming.Our results provide valuable insights for assessing ecosystem health and the restoration and management of Dongping Lake and similar lakes in the Huanghe River region and elsewhere.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52060011).
文摘Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics,ameliorating physical structure,mitigating heavy metal toxicity,and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings substrate to a soil-like substrate.The incorporation of biomass co-pyrolysis and plant colonization has been established to be a significant factor in soil substrate formation and soil pollutant remediation.Despite this,there is presently an absence of research efforts aimed at synergistically utilizing these two technologies to expedite the process of mining tailings soil substrate formation.The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of geochemical changes and rapid mineral weathering during the process of transforming tailings substrate into a soil-like substrate,under the combined effects of biomass co-smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization.The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization induces a high-temperature effect and biological effects,which enhance the physical and chemical properties of tailings,while simultaneously accelerating the rate of mineral weathering.Notable improvements include the amelioration of extreme pH levels,nutrient enrichment,the formation of aggregates,and an increase in enzyme activity,all of which collectively demonstrate the successful attainment of tailings substrate reconstruction.Evidence of the acceleratedweathering was verified by phase and surfacemorphology analysis using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Discovered corrosion and fragmentation on the surface ofminerals.The weathering resulted in corrosion and fragmentation of the surface of the treated mineral.This study confirms that co-smoldering pyrolysis of biomass,combined with plant colonization,can effectively promote the transformation of tailings into soil-like substrates.This method has can effectively address the key challenges that have previously hindered sustainable development of the mining industry and provides a novel approach for ecological restoration of tailings deposits.
基金supported by the Double First-Class Innovation Research Project for People’s Public Security University of China(No.2023SYL07).
文摘Facial recognition systems have become increasingly significant in public security efforts. They play a crucial role in apprehending criminals and locating missing children and elderly individuals. Nevertheless, in practical applications, around 30% to 50% of images are obstructed to varied extents, for as by the presence of masks, glasses, or hats. Repairing the masked facial images will enhance face recognition accuracy by 10% to 20%. Simultaneously, market research indicates a rising demand for efficient facial recognition technology within the security and surveillance sectors, with projections suggesting that the global facial recognition market would exceed US$3 billion by 2025. Therefore, finding a prompt and efficient solution to fix the masked face and enhance its accuracy has become a pressing issue that has to be resolved. Currently, the generative adversarial network has shown excellent performance in the field of image restoration, with high precision and good quality of restoration results, but it consumes a lot of computing resources. Based on this, this paper proposes a model architecture that uses the U-Net network to replace the generator in the generative adversarial network, and replaces all traditional convolutional layers with Depthwise Separable Convolutional (DWSC) to make the entire network lightweight. Ultimately, We utilise the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) value to assess the efficacy of the developed model. We select samples with occlusion levels ranging from 10%–15% and 20%–30%, yielding PSNR values of 35.51 and 30.33, respectively. In contrast, the PSNR values of the three predominant algorithms in image restoration—PM, ShiftNet, and PICNet—are all below 30, demonstrating the superiority of the model presented in this paper. However, the model presented in this work possesses certain drawbacks. This work employs solely black rectangles to replicate real-life occlusions. Future study should utilise tangible objects, like as sunglasses and masks, to directly imitate occlusions, so enhancing the accuracy of the restoration effect. The model presented in this study can be further expanded from image restoration to video restoration to investigate the potential for dynamic occlusion repair.
