Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central com...Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.展开更多
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from...Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.展开更多
In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honey...In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.展开更多
We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-gener...We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.展开更多
Variable stiffness composites present a promising solution for mitigating impact loads via varying the fiber volume fraction layer-wise,thereby adjusting the panel's stiffness.Since each layer of the composite may...Variable stiffness composites present a promising solution for mitigating impact loads via varying the fiber volume fraction layer-wise,thereby adjusting the panel's stiffness.Since each layer of the composite may be affected by a different failure mode,the optimal fiber volume fraction to suppress damage initiation and evolution is different across the layers.This research examines how re-allocating the fibers layer-wise enhances the composites'impact resistance.In this study,constant stiffness panels with the same fiber volume fraction throughout the layers are compared to variable stiffness ones by varying volume fraction layer-wise.A method is established that utilizes numerical analysis coupled with optimization techniques to determine the optimal fiber volume fraction in both scenarios.Three different reinforcement fibers(Kevlar,carbon,and glass)embedded in epoxy resin were studied.Panels were manufactured and tested under various loading conditions to validate results.Kevlar reinforcement revealed the highest tensile toughness,followed by carbon and then glass fibers.Varying reinforcement volume fraction significantly influences failure modes.Higher fractions lead to matrix cracking and debonding,while lower fractions result in more fiber breakage.The optimal volume fraction for maximizing fiber breakage energy is around 45%,whereas it is about 90%for matrix cracking and debonding.A drop tower test was used to examine the composite structure's behavior under lowvelocity impact,confirming the superiority of Kevlar-reinforced composites with variable stiffness.Conversely,glass-reinforced composites with constant stiffness revealed the lowest performance with the highest deflection.Across all reinforcement materials,the variable stiffness structure consistently outperformed its constant stiffness counterpart.展开更多
The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal conten...The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases.Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers.Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer.Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also.Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates.Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.Genetic modification of exosomes is an effective way to deliver material capable of modulating cellular pathways involved in drug resistance.Furthermore,exosomes have been explored as carriers for metal-chelating agents.Integrating exosome-based therapies with traditional anticancer agents aims to exploit the natural targeting abilities of exosomes to enhance drug delivery.Despite the dynamic development of this field,many mechanisms of exosome action remain incompletely understood.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct further studies that will allow for a better understanding of their role in the process of resistance and will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies.展开更多
TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing Ti...TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.展开更多
Background:Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson(BCR::ABL1)fusion protein is essential in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML);however,the chronic-to-blast phase transformation remains elusive.We identified n...Background:Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson(BCR::ABL1)fusion protein is essential in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML);however,the chronic-to-blast phase transformation remains elusive.We identified novel kinesin light chain 2(KLC2)mutations in CML-myeloid blast phase patients.We aimed to examine the functional role of KLC2 mutations in leukemogenesis.Methods:To evaluate the biological role of KLC2 mutants(MT)in CML cells,we expressed KLC2-MT in different human CML cell lines harboring BCR::ABL1 and performed immunoblot,immunofluorescence,cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis;Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)-drug activities;and clonogenic assays for in vitro functional analyses.We co-expressed KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 in mouse bone marrow cells(BMCs)to evaluate their clonogenic and self-renewal abilities ex vivo.Furthermore,we examined tumorigenic activity and drug efficacy in the K562 xenograft model.Results:KLC2-MT overexpression in BCR::ABL1-positive K562 and KU812 CML cells promoted cell proliferation and clonogenic potential,decreased imatinib sensitivity,and reduced apoptosis.Serial colony replating assays revealed that KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 co-expression enhanced the self-renewal ability of mouse BMCs with immature morphology.In the K562 xenograft model,KLC2-MT enhanced tumorigenic potential and diminished imatinib efficacy.Further studies reported that KLC2-MT augmented signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)activation and nuclear accumulation in imatinib-treated CML cells.KLC2-WT and KLC2-MT interacted with mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(SMAD2);however,the latter impaired transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)–mediated SMAD2/3 activation while enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the biological and functional importance of KLC2 mutation in CML cells,potentially enabling the development of better treatment strategies for CML patients carrying KLC2 mutations and providing enhanced understanding of the disease progression.展开更多
Epoxy resin is widely used in electronic packaging due to its exceptional performance,particularly the low-temperature curable thiol/epoxy system,which effectively minimizes thermal damage to sensitive electronic comp...Epoxy resin is widely used in electronic packaging due to its exceptional performance,particularly the low-temperature curable thiol/epoxy system,which effectively minimizes thermal damage to sensitive electronic components.However,the majority of commercial thiol curing agents contain hydrolysable ester bonds and lack rigid structures,which induces most of thiol/epoxy systems still suffering from unsatisfactory heat resistance and hygrothermal resistance,significantly hindering their application in electronic packaging.In this study,we synthesized a tetrafunctional thiol compound,bis[3-(3-sulfanylpropyl)-4-(3-sulfanylpropoxy)phenyl]sulfone(TMBPS)with rigid and ester-free structures to replace traditional commercial thiol curing agents,pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate)(PETMP).Compared to the PETMP/epoxy system,the TMBPS/epoxy system exhibited superior comprehensive properties.The rigid structures of bisphenol S-type tetrathiol enhanced the heat resistance and mechanical properties of TMBPS/epoxy resin cured products,outperforming those of PETMP/epoxy resin cured products.Notably,the glass transition temperature of TMBPS/epoxy resin cured products was 74.2℃which was 11.8°C higher than that of PETMP cured products.Moreover,the ester-free structure in TMBPS contributed to its enhanced resistance to chemicals and hygrothermal conditions.After undergoing 1000 h of hightemperature and high-humidity aging,the tensile strength and adhesion strength of TMBPS-cured products were 73.33 MPa and 3.39 MPa,respectively exceeding 100%and 40%of their initial values,while PETMP-cured products exhibited a complete loss of both tensile strength and adhesion strength.This study provides a strategy for obtaining thermosetting polymers that can be cured at low temperatures and exhibit excellent comprehensive properties.展开更多
To improve the high-temperature service properties of coppery tuyere,Co06 coating with a Ni60A interlayer was prepared on copper by plasma cladding.Ni60A interlayer acted as a bridge to promote the element diffusion,t...To improve the high-temperature service properties of coppery tuyere,Co06 coating with a Ni60A interlayer was prepared on copper by plasma cladding.Ni60A interlayer acted as a bridge to promote the element diffusion,thus achieving metallurgical bonding.Due to the strengthening effect ofγ-Co,Cr_(23)C_(6)and Cr_(7)C_(3)phases,the wear resistance of Co06–Ni60A coating was much higher than that of copper substrate.As the temperature increased,the wear resistance of coating decreased first and then increased.The coating exhibited better wear resistance at 600℃ due to the oxidation wear mechanism.Compared with copper substrate and Ni60A,the oxidation resistance of Co06 was increased by 6.0 and 1.9 times,respectively.For melting loss resistance,Co06–Ni60A coating was superior to Ni60A single-layer coating,but the molten iron can still form a micro-metallurgical bonding with the coating surface.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile of Aedes(Ae.)albopictus against multiple insecticides and to delineate the frequency and pyrethroid-resistance association of knockdown resistance(kdr)mutations ...Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile of Aedes(Ae.)albopictus against multiple insecticides and to delineate the frequency and pyrethroid-resistance association of knockdown resistance(kdr)mutations V1016G,I1532T and F1534S in Ae.albopictus in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,China.Methods:From June to July 2024,a total of 1249 Ae.albopictus eggs and 4732 adults were collected from five towns in the Pudong New Area.These collected specimens were then reared to obtain the F1 generation including 10235 larvae at the late 3rd to early 4th instar stages,as well as 5800 non-blood-fed adults aged 3 to 5 days.Larval resistance was assessed via the immersion method,and adult resistance via the contact tube method.For the larval,0≤resistance ratio(RR)<3 indicates sensitivity;3≤RR<10 denotes low resistance;10≤RR<40 signifies moderate resistance;RR≥40 represents high resistance.While for adults,a mortality rate of≥98%stands for sensitivity,80%≤mortality rate<98%indicates suspected resistance,and mortality rate<80%denotes a resistant population.A pooled sequencing strategy(8 sample pools)was used to detect genotype kdr mutations including V1016G,I1532T,F1534S in the voltage-gated sodium channel(VGSC)gene.Results:Ae.albopictus larvae displayed low resistance to fenthion(RR=5.85),temephos(RR=4.63)and β-cypermethrin(RR=3.20),but remained fully susceptible to propoxur(RR=0.33).Adults showed incipient resistance to β-cypermethrin(mortality:92.7%),lambda-cyhalothrin(mortality:96.8%)and permethrin(mortality:86.6%),while remained sensitive to propoxur(mortality:100%).For Ae.albopictus population in the Pudong New Area,pyrethroid tolerance was primarily driven by F1534S mutation,which was amplified when the mutation was paired with V1016G or I1532T.Conclusions:These findings highlight the need for integrated resistance monitoring and targeted insecticide rotation-such as prioritizing propoxur for Ae.albopictus larval and adult control-to mitigate resistance spread and preserve vector management efficacy.展开更多
Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,a...Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a key factor influencing the treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The antibiotic resistance spectrum of H.pylori varies in different regions.We investigated ...BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a key factor influencing the treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The antibiotic resistance spectrum of H.pylori varies in different regions.We investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and analyzed the factors related to such resistance to provide strategies for the accurate clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.AIM To understand the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and provide guidance for the clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.METHODS This study selected patients who underwent gastroscopy in five hospitals in Hunan Province from April 2022 to April 2023.The sensitivity of H.pylori to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline was detected using the Agar dilution method.RESULTS H.pylori strains from a total of 566 patients were isolated and identified.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline were 49.2%,37.8%,76.1%,2.3%,1.4%,and 0.7%,respectively.The resistance rates to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,and metronidazole were high in the four regions of Hunan Province,and the overall resistance rates in central Hunan Province were higher than those in other regions.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were significantly different among the different age groups(P<0.05),with the elderly group having a higher resistance rate than the young group.The resistance rate of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin was greater in patients with atrophic gastritis,and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was the lowest in patients with peptic ulcers.CONCLUSION The resistance rate of H.pylori to amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole is high in Hunan Province.Age,stomach disease,and H.pylori reinfection may affect the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease are chronic diseases linked to a growing pandemic that affects older adults and causes significant socio-economic burden.Epidemiological data supporting a close rel...Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease are chronic diseases linked to a growing pandemic that affects older adults and causes significant socio-economic burden.Epidemiological data supporting a close relationship between these two aging-related diseases have resulted in the investigation of shared pathophysiological molecular mechanisms.Impaired insulin signaling in the brain has gained increasing attention during the last decade and has been suggested to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease through the dysregulation of several pathological processes.The contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease,with emphasis on brain insulin resistance,is extensively discussed in this article and new therapeutic strategies targeting this pathological link are presented and reviewed.展开更多
Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylost...Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.展开更多
Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus,is a widespread foliar disease that has a substantial impact on maize yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China.Pydiflumetofen(Pyd),a new succinat...Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus,is a widespread foliar disease that has a substantial impact on maize yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China.Pydiflumetofen(Pyd),a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor(SDHI),has been found as a promising fungicide for the efficient control of SCLB,however,resistance of C.heterostrophus to Pyd has not been studied well.Here,five Pyd-resistant mutants were generated through fungicide adaptation.Sequence alignment analysis revealed that these mutants primarily mutated in ChSdhB and ChSdhD,with three genotypes:ChSdhB^(H277Y),ChSdhB^(I279T)and ChSdhD^(H133Y),exhibiting two distinct categories of resistance:high resistance(HR)and moderate resistance(MR),among which the resistance factors were 214.22 and 44.33-53.67,respectively.These mutants were more pathogenic than the wild-type parental strains,but there was a significant reduction in mycelial growth rate and sporulation in the resistant mutants,indicating a significant fitness cost associated with resistance to Pyd.In addition,this study revealed a positive cross-resistance between Pyd and another SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram.However,no cross-resistance was found between Pyd and other classes of fungicides,including prochloraz,fludioxonil,iprodione or pyraclostrobin.Homology modeling and molecular docking further confirmed that point mutations of ChSdhB^(H277Y),ChSdhB^(I279T),and ChSdhD^(H133Y)could reduce binding affinity between Pyd and its target subunits from-74.07,-74.07,-152.52 kcal mol^(-1)to-3.90,-4.95,-9.93 kcal mol^(-1),respectively.These findings not only provided valuable insights for managing SCLB caused by C.heterostrophus,but also enhanced our understanding of molecular mechanism underlying plant pathogen resistance to Pyd.展开更多
Lvhanliangyou 888 is a new hybrid rice combination jointly bred by the Institute of Rice Research of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Anhui Agricultural University.It was developed using Wan 28S as the femal...Lvhanliangyou 888 is a new hybrid rice combination jointly bred by the Institute of Rice Research of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Anhui Agricultural University.It was developed using Wan 28S as the female parent and Lvhui 888 as the male parent,and was approved by Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2023.Lvhanliangyou 888 possesses excellent characteristics such as high quality,drought resistance,heat resistance,disease resistance,and lodging resistance.It is suitable for promotion and cultivation as a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety in the single-season rice areas of Anhui Province.This paper describes the breeding process,characteristics,and key cultivation points of Lvhanliangyou 888.展开更多
Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic...Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.展开更多
Postgrouting at the pile tip enhances the performance of cast-in-place piles.To clarify the performance of tip and side resistances,this study analyzed static load test data from two test piles before and after grouti...Postgrouting at the pile tip enhances the performance of cast-in-place piles.To clarify the performance of tip and side resistances,this study analyzed static load test data from two test piles before and after grouting.Mechanisms underlying an improvement in tip resistance and the influence of postgrouting on side resistance were investigated via theoretical analysis.Finally,a design method for tip resistance control via settlement was proposed.Results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of piles increases after grouting compared to before,underscoring the importance of tip grouting in gravelly soils and its profound impact on load transmission in pile foundations.Postgrouting at the pile tip enhances the strength as well as initial stiffness of the bearing stratum,ultimately elevating the overall pile foundation-bearing capacity.Additionally,tip grouting helps in strengthening over-all side resistance,especially around the pile tip.The grouting procedure has an impact on the soil’s arching effect at the pile tip;the extent of the arching effect and an increase in horizontal tension close to the pile tip are positively correlated with the effectiveness of grouting reinforcement.The design method for tip resistance control via settlement based on measured data statistics was validated using engineering examples,and the method has a practical reference value.展开更多
基金supported by grants from NIH T32(DK007260,to WC)the Steno North American Fellowship awarded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0087108,to WC)+6 种基金STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202700,to HY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241004,to HY)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LR24C090001,to HY)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024SSYS0017,to HY)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-057,to HY)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00193,to HY)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT310-01,to HY)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
文摘Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374181)+1 种基金BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(Grant No.2024YCXZ017)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing institute of technology under Grant No.2022CX01025。
文摘In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220626)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078068)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of NIT(No.KCTD006)Jiangsu Marine Structure Service Performance Improvement Engineering Research CenterKey Laboratory of Jiangsu"Marine Floating Wind Power Technology and Equipment"。
文摘We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.
基金funded by the American University of Sharjah.United Arab Emirates award number EN 9502-FRG19-M-E75。
文摘Variable stiffness composites present a promising solution for mitigating impact loads via varying the fiber volume fraction layer-wise,thereby adjusting the panel's stiffness.Since each layer of the composite may be affected by a different failure mode,the optimal fiber volume fraction to suppress damage initiation and evolution is different across the layers.This research examines how re-allocating the fibers layer-wise enhances the composites'impact resistance.In this study,constant stiffness panels with the same fiber volume fraction throughout the layers are compared to variable stiffness ones by varying volume fraction layer-wise.A method is established that utilizes numerical analysis coupled with optimization techniques to determine the optimal fiber volume fraction in both scenarios.Three different reinforcement fibers(Kevlar,carbon,and glass)embedded in epoxy resin were studied.Panels were manufactured and tested under various loading conditions to validate results.Kevlar reinforcement revealed the highest tensile toughness,followed by carbon and then glass fibers.Varying reinforcement volume fraction significantly influences failure modes.Higher fractions lead to matrix cracking and debonding,while lower fractions result in more fiber breakage.The optimal volume fraction for maximizing fiber breakage energy is around 45%,whereas it is about 90%for matrix cracking and debonding.A drop tower test was used to examine the composite structure's behavior under lowvelocity impact,confirming the superiority of Kevlar-reinforced composites with variable stiffness.Conversely,glass-reinforced composites with constant stiffness revealed the lowest performance with the highest deflection.Across all reinforcement materials,the variable stiffness structure consistently outperformed its constant stiffness counterpart.
文摘The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases.Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers.Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer.Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also.Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates.Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.Genetic modification of exosomes is an effective way to deliver material capable of modulating cellular pathways involved in drug resistance.Furthermore,exosomes have been explored as carriers for metal-chelating agents.Integrating exosome-based therapies with traditional anticancer agents aims to exploit the natural targeting abilities of exosomes to enhance drug delivery.Despite the dynamic development of this field,many mechanisms of exosome action remain incompletely understood.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct further studies that will allow for a better understanding of their role in the process of resistance and will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the Original Exploratory Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52450012)。
文摘TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST108-2314-B-182-006,MOST109-2314-B-182-071:Lee-Yung Shih)the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Taiwan(MOHW110-TDU-B-212-134011:Lee-Yung Shih)+3 种基金Chang Gung Memorial Hospital(CMRPG3D1524,OMRPG3E0031:Lee-Yung Shih)the Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(JP19H05656:Seishi Ogawa,22K16320:Yotaro Ochi)the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)(JP19cm0106501h0004,JP19ck0106250h0003:Seishi Ogawa)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan(MEXT)(hp200138,hp210167:Seishi Ogawa)。
文摘Background:Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson(BCR::ABL1)fusion protein is essential in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML);however,the chronic-to-blast phase transformation remains elusive.We identified novel kinesin light chain 2(KLC2)mutations in CML-myeloid blast phase patients.We aimed to examine the functional role of KLC2 mutations in leukemogenesis.Methods:To evaluate the biological role of KLC2 mutants(MT)in CML cells,we expressed KLC2-MT in different human CML cell lines harboring BCR::ABL1 and performed immunoblot,immunofluorescence,cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis;Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)-drug activities;and clonogenic assays for in vitro functional analyses.We co-expressed KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 in mouse bone marrow cells(BMCs)to evaluate their clonogenic and self-renewal abilities ex vivo.Furthermore,we examined tumorigenic activity and drug efficacy in the K562 xenograft model.Results:KLC2-MT overexpression in BCR::ABL1-positive K562 and KU812 CML cells promoted cell proliferation and clonogenic potential,decreased imatinib sensitivity,and reduced apoptosis.Serial colony replating assays revealed that KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 co-expression enhanced the self-renewal ability of mouse BMCs with immature morphology.In the K562 xenograft model,KLC2-MT enhanced tumorigenic potential and diminished imatinib efficacy.Further studies reported that KLC2-MT augmented signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)activation and nuclear accumulation in imatinib-treated CML cells.KLC2-WT and KLC2-MT interacted with mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(SMAD2);however,the latter impaired transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)–mediated SMAD2/3 activation while enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the biological and functional importance of KLC2 mutation in CML cells,potentially enabling the development of better treatment strategies for CML patients carrying KLC2 mutations and providing enhanced understanding of the disease progression.
基金the support of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM,No.20dz1203600)the Experimental Center of Materials Science and Engineering in Tongji University。
文摘Epoxy resin is widely used in electronic packaging due to its exceptional performance,particularly the low-temperature curable thiol/epoxy system,which effectively minimizes thermal damage to sensitive electronic components.However,the majority of commercial thiol curing agents contain hydrolysable ester bonds and lack rigid structures,which induces most of thiol/epoxy systems still suffering from unsatisfactory heat resistance and hygrothermal resistance,significantly hindering their application in electronic packaging.In this study,we synthesized a tetrafunctional thiol compound,bis[3-(3-sulfanylpropyl)-4-(3-sulfanylpropoxy)phenyl]sulfone(TMBPS)with rigid and ester-free structures to replace traditional commercial thiol curing agents,pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate)(PETMP).Compared to the PETMP/epoxy system,the TMBPS/epoxy system exhibited superior comprehensive properties.The rigid structures of bisphenol S-type tetrathiol enhanced the heat resistance and mechanical properties of TMBPS/epoxy resin cured products,outperforming those of PETMP/epoxy resin cured products.Notably,the glass transition temperature of TMBPS/epoxy resin cured products was 74.2℃which was 11.8°C higher than that of PETMP cured products.Moreover,the ester-free structure in TMBPS contributed to its enhanced resistance to chemicals and hygrothermal conditions.After undergoing 1000 h of hightemperature and high-humidity aging,the tensile strength and adhesion strength of TMBPS-cured products were 73.33 MPa and 3.39 MPa,respectively exceeding 100%and 40%of their initial values,while PETMP-cured products exhibited a complete loss of both tensile strength and adhesion strength.This study provides a strategy for obtaining thermosetting polymers that can be cured at low temperatures and exhibit excellent comprehensive properties.
基金supported by the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant Nos.GXXT-2023-025 and GXXT-2023-026)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant Nos.2008085ME149,2308085QE132 and 2308065ME171)Anhui University Scientific Research Project(Grant Nos.2022AH040247,2023AH051660,2023AH051670 and 2023AH051671).
文摘To improve the high-temperature service properties of coppery tuyere,Co06 coating with a Ni60A interlayer was prepared on copper by plasma cladding.Ni60A interlayer acted as a bridge to promote the element diffusion,thus achieving metallurgical bonding.Due to the strengthening effect ofγ-Co,Cr_(23)C_(6)and Cr_(7)C_(3)phases,the wear resistance of Co06–Ni60A coating was much higher than that of copper substrate.As the temperature increased,the wear resistance of coating decreased first and then increased.The coating exhibited better wear resistance at 600℃ due to the oxidation wear mechanism.Compared with copper substrate and Ni60A,the oxidation resistance of Co06 was increased by 6.0 and 1.9 times,respectively.For melting loss resistance,Co06–Ni60A coating was superior to Ni60A single-layer coating,but the molten iron can still form a micro-metallurgical bonding with the coating surface.
基金supported by The Young Medical Talents Training Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(Grant No.PWRq2022-25)Funded by Research Grant for Health Science and Technology of Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine(Grant No.YJY-2024-06)+2 种基金The Academic Leaders Training Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(Grant No.PWRd2023-12)Shanghai's Three-year Ac tion Plan to Strengthen the Construction of Public Health System(2023-2025)Key Disciplines(Grant No.GW Ⅵ-11.1-02)The sixth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(Grant No.GW Ⅵ-11.1-13).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile of Aedes(Ae.)albopictus against multiple insecticides and to delineate the frequency and pyrethroid-resistance association of knockdown resistance(kdr)mutations V1016G,I1532T and F1534S in Ae.albopictus in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,China.Methods:From June to July 2024,a total of 1249 Ae.albopictus eggs and 4732 adults were collected from five towns in the Pudong New Area.These collected specimens were then reared to obtain the F1 generation including 10235 larvae at the late 3rd to early 4th instar stages,as well as 5800 non-blood-fed adults aged 3 to 5 days.Larval resistance was assessed via the immersion method,and adult resistance via the contact tube method.For the larval,0≤resistance ratio(RR)<3 indicates sensitivity;3≤RR<10 denotes low resistance;10≤RR<40 signifies moderate resistance;RR≥40 represents high resistance.While for adults,a mortality rate of≥98%stands for sensitivity,80%≤mortality rate<98%indicates suspected resistance,and mortality rate<80%denotes a resistant population.A pooled sequencing strategy(8 sample pools)was used to detect genotype kdr mutations including V1016G,I1532T,F1534S in the voltage-gated sodium channel(VGSC)gene.Results:Ae.albopictus larvae displayed low resistance to fenthion(RR=5.85),temephos(RR=4.63)and β-cypermethrin(RR=3.20),but remained fully susceptible to propoxur(RR=0.33).Adults showed incipient resistance to β-cypermethrin(mortality:92.7%),lambda-cyhalothrin(mortality:96.8%)and permethrin(mortality:86.6%),while remained sensitive to propoxur(mortality:100%).For Ae.albopictus population in the Pudong New Area,pyrethroid tolerance was primarily driven by F1534S mutation,which was amplified when the mutation was paired with V1016G or I1532T.Conclusions:These findings highlight the need for integrated resistance monitoring and targeted insecticide rotation-such as prioritizing propoxur for Ae.albopictus larval and adult control-to mitigate resistance spread and preserve vector management efficacy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071126)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(22JCQNJC01240)+2 种基金Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(226Z1009G)Special Funds for Science and Technology Innovation in Hebei(2022X19)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085ME135)。
文摘Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270594the Independent Exploration and Innovation Project of Central South University,No.2024ZZTS0966.
文摘BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a key factor influencing the treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The antibiotic resistance spectrum of H.pylori varies in different regions.We investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and analyzed the factors related to such resistance to provide strategies for the accurate clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.AIM To understand the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and provide guidance for the clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.METHODS This study selected patients who underwent gastroscopy in five hospitals in Hunan Province from April 2022 to April 2023.The sensitivity of H.pylori to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline was detected using the Agar dilution method.RESULTS H.pylori strains from a total of 566 patients were isolated and identified.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline were 49.2%,37.8%,76.1%,2.3%,1.4%,and 0.7%,respectively.The resistance rates to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,and metronidazole were high in the four regions of Hunan Province,and the overall resistance rates in central Hunan Province were higher than those in other regions.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were significantly different among the different age groups(P<0.05),with the elderly group having a higher resistance rate than the young group.The resistance rate of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin was greater in patients with atrophic gastritis,and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was the lowest in patients with peptic ulcers.CONCLUSION The resistance rate of H.pylori to amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole is high in Hunan Province.Age,stomach disease,and H.pylori reinfection may affect the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori.
基金support from Region Stockholm,ALF-project(FoUI-960041)Open Access funding is provided by Karolinska Institute(both to IM)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease are chronic diseases linked to a growing pandemic that affects older adults and causes significant socio-economic burden.Epidemiological data supporting a close relationship between these two aging-related diseases have resulted in the investigation of shared pathophysiological molecular mechanisms.Impaired insulin signaling in the brain has gained increasing attention during the last decade and has been suggested to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease through the dysregulation of several pathological processes.The contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease,with emphasis on brain insulin resistance,is extensively discussed in this article and new therapeutic strategies targeting this pathological link are presented and reviewed.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program(No:LGN21C140001).
文摘Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1401504)the Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pesticide Resistance Management on Grain and Vegetable Pests,China(PKLPRMGVP202402)+3 种基金the Programs for the Scientific Research Activities of Academic and Technical Leaders of Anhui Province,China(2020D251)the Development Fund for Talent Personnel of Anhui Agricultural University,China(rc342006)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province,China(GXXT-2021-059)Anhui Province Agricultural Eco-Environmental Protection and Quality Safety Industry Technology System,China。
文摘Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus,is a widespread foliar disease that has a substantial impact on maize yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China.Pydiflumetofen(Pyd),a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor(SDHI),has been found as a promising fungicide for the efficient control of SCLB,however,resistance of C.heterostrophus to Pyd has not been studied well.Here,five Pyd-resistant mutants were generated through fungicide adaptation.Sequence alignment analysis revealed that these mutants primarily mutated in ChSdhB and ChSdhD,with three genotypes:ChSdhB^(H277Y),ChSdhB^(I279T)and ChSdhD^(H133Y),exhibiting two distinct categories of resistance:high resistance(HR)and moderate resistance(MR),among which the resistance factors were 214.22 and 44.33-53.67,respectively.These mutants were more pathogenic than the wild-type parental strains,but there was a significant reduction in mycelial growth rate and sporulation in the resistant mutants,indicating a significant fitness cost associated with resistance to Pyd.In addition,this study revealed a positive cross-resistance between Pyd and another SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram.However,no cross-resistance was found between Pyd and other classes of fungicides,including prochloraz,fludioxonil,iprodione or pyraclostrobin.Homology modeling and molecular docking further confirmed that point mutations of ChSdhB^(H277Y),ChSdhB^(I279T),and ChSdhD^(H133Y)could reduce binding affinity between Pyd and its target subunits from-74.07,-74.07,-152.52 kcal mol^(-1)to-3.90,-4.95,-9.93 kcal mol^(-1),respectively.These findings not only provided valuable insights for managing SCLB caused by C.heterostrophus,but also enhanced our understanding of molecular mechanism underlying plant pathogen resistance to Pyd.
基金Supported by Sub-project of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300301-05)The Young Talent Program of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(QNYC-202109QNYC-202208).
文摘Lvhanliangyou 888 is a new hybrid rice combination jointly bred by the Institute of Rice Research of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Anhui Agricultural University.It was developed using Wan 28S as the female parent and Lvhui 888 as the male parent,and was approved by Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2023.Lvhanliangyou 888 possesses excellent characteristics such as high quality,drought resistance,heat resistance,disease resistance,and lodging resistance.It is suitable for promotion and cultivation as a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety in the single-season rice areas of Anhui Province.This paper describes the breeding process,characteristics,and key cultivation points of Lvhanliangyou 888.
文摘Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52008100,52178317)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200400)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723534)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.23KJA560005).
文摘Postgrouting at the pile tip enhances the performance of cast-in-place piles.To clarify the performance of tip and side resistances,this study analyzed static load test data from two test piles before and after grouting.Mechanisms underlying an improvement in tip resistance and the influence of postgrouting on side resistance were investigated via theoretical analysis.Finally,a design method for tip resistance control via settlement was proposed.Results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of piles increases after grouting compared to before,underscoring the importance of tip grouting in gravelly soils and its profound impact on load transmission in pile foundations.Postgrouting at the pile tip enhances the strength as well as initial stiffness of the bearing stratum,ultimately elevating the overall pile foundation-bearing capacity.Additionally,tip grouting helps in strengthening over-all side resistance,especially around the pile tip.The grouting procedure has an impact on the soil’s arching effect at the pile tip;the extent of the arching effect and an increase in horizontal tension close to the pile tip are positively correlated with the effectiveness of grouting reinforcement.The design method for tip resistance control via settlement based on measured data statistics was validated using engineering examples,and the method has a practical reference value.
