With growing concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution,low-cost,environmentally friendly,and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials have attracted significant attention.This paper reports on...With growing concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution,low-cost,environmentally friendly,and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials have attracted significant attention.This paper reports on the synthesis of porous Fe_(3)O_(4)/C composites that incorporate dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms via the carbothermal reduction method and optimization of waste ratio to enhance EWA performance.The Fe_(3)O_(4)/C composites with 10wt%soybean residues(Fe_(3)O_(4)/C-10),demonstrated the best EWA performance,achieving the minimum reflection loss of−56.4 dB and a bandwidth of 2.14 GHz at a thickness of 2.23 mm.This enhanced EWA performance is primarily attributable to improved impedance matching and the synergistic effect between dielectric and magnetic losses.Furthermore,radar cross-sectional simulations confirmed the practical feasibility of the porous Fe_(3)O_(4)/C composites.This study proposes a viable strategy for utilizing soybean residue and electrolytic manganese residue,highlighting their potential applications in EWA.展开更多
Rapidly improving infertile croplands and enhancing their soil organic carbon(SOC)pool necessitate substantial organic materials incorporation.Converting loose crop straw into granulated form facilitates uniform incor...Rapidly improving infertile croplands and enhancing their soil organic carbon(SOC)pool necessitate substantial organic materials incorporation.Converting loose crop straw into granulated form facilitates uniform incorporation within the plough soil layer.As an innovative soil amelioration approach,the efficiency and patterns of SOC accumulation remain unclear.Two field experiments were conducted in infertile subtropical upland and paddy soils with 0,30,60,and 90 Mg ha^(-1)granulated straw incorporation.After one year,SOC accumulation efficiency from straw input remained stable in upland(30.8–37.5%)with increasing amounts of straw incorporation,while declined from 60.0 to 38.3%in paddy.In both croplands,the contributions of lignin phenols to SOC increased with increasing straw incorporation,while the contributions from amino sugars remained constant at higher straw input levels.Subsequently,the ratios of lignin phenols to amino sugars increased with increasing straw incorporation,indicating faster plant residue accumulation compared to microbial necromass,as the granulation approach limited microbial involvement in straw transformation.Thus,single-time incorporation of substantial granulated straw presents an effective agricultural strategy for rapid amelioration of infertile croplands.展开更多
Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Her...Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.展开更多
A new manufactured soil product (Turba) was produced using acidified bauxite residue into which 10% green waste compost had been incorporated. A laboratory/greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine if sand co...A new manufactured soil product (Turba) was produced using acidified bauxite residue into which 10% green waste compost had been incorporated. A laboratory/greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine if sand could be used as an ingredient or an amendment for Turba. Sand was added at rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, 25, 50% and 75% (w/w) in two different ways 1) by incorporating it into the Turba during its manufacture (IN) or 2) by mixing it with Turba aggregates after their manufacture (OUT). Incorporation of sand into Turba aggregates (IN) decreased the percentage of sample present as large aggregates (2 - 4 mm dia.) after crushing and sieving (<4 mm) and also reduced the stability of 2 - 4 mm dia. formed aggregates (to dry/wet sieving) and are therefore not recommended. In a 16-week greenhouse study, ryegrass shoot yields were greater in Turba than in sand [and decreased with increasing sand additions (OUT)] while root dry matter showed the opposite trend. The greater grass growth in Turba than sand was attributed to incipit water stress in plants grown in sand and this may have promoted greater allocation of assimilates to roots resulting in a greater root-to-top mass ratio. The much lower macroporosity in Turba coupled with the solid cemented nature of Turba aggregates resulted in production of thinner roots and therefore greater root length than in sand. Turba (manufactured from bauxite residue and compost added at 10% w/w) is a suitable medium for plant growth and there is no advantage in incorporating sand into, or with, the Turba aggregates.展开更多
Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilizati...Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable world.In this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances assessment.Based on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were obtained.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of CTRCs.Results indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”mechanism.This work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.展开更多
An efficient process based on oxidizing roasting−direct reduction−smelting−electrorefining was developed to separate and recover Zn,In,Ga and Fe from a typical hazardous jarosite residue.Phase transformation and eleme...An efficient process based on oxidizing roasting−direct reduction−smelting−electrorefining was developed to separate and recover Zn,In,Ga and Fe from a typical hazardous jarosite residue.Phase transformation and element migration during each separating process were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),thermo-gravimetric−differential scanning calorimetry(TG−DSC),and scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM−EDS).The results show that the jarosite residue decomposed into hematite and zinc ferrite when oxidizing roasted at 1250℃ for 20 min.Then,Zn and In were volatilized and enriched into flue dust through the reductive roasting of oxidized pellets at 1200℃ for 60 min.Finally,Fe and Ga were separated by smelting−electrorefining of the reduced pellets to obtain high purity iron powder with 99.5%Fe and anode slime with 456 g/t Ga.Through the process,a total recovery of 97.42%Zn,87.86%In,90.70%Fe and 84.78%Ga can be achieved.展开更多
Cyclosporin A fermentation residue(CFR)is a type of organic waste generated during the production of cyclosporin A,which are abundant in nutrients including organic matter,phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium.Inappropria...Cyclosporin A fermentation residue(CFR)is a type of organic waste generated during the production of cyclosporin A,which are abundant in nutrients including organic matter,phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium.Inappropriate handling of CFR not only waste valuable bioresources,but may also lead to the cyclosporin A and associated resistance genes into the natural environment,posing a significant threat to ecological system and human health.Land application was an effective way to resource recovery of CFR after aerobic composting(CAC).This study investigated the impact of CAC on soil fertility and environmental safety.The results indicated that CAC could improve soil nutrient contents and enhance enzyme activities.CAC altered the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria,resulting in an increase in the abundance of relevant bacteria beneficial for organic matter decomposition and cyclosporin A degradation.The introduced cyclosporin A(71.69μg/kg)completely degraded within 20 days due to soil biodegradation.The significantly increased abundance of intIl,mdr3,pgp,TSR and pmra in the soil cultivation early stage were restored to the soil background level within 90 days,indicating a reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance.The results demonstrated that reasonable land application of CAC could improve soil fertility without antimicrobial resistance risk,which is helpful for evaluating the resource utilization value and environmental risks of antibiotic fermentation residue after aerobic composting.展开更多
The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR),mineral phase transition,pozzolanic activity,and pore structure were studied....The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR),mineral phase transition,pozzolanic activity,and pore structure were studied.The experimental results show that the strength activity index(SAI)of 20%EMR mixed mortar at 28 days is 90.54%,95.40%,and 90.73%,respectively,after pretreatment with EMR at 800℃calcined for 3,5,and 8 min.This is mainly attributed to the high temperature decomposition of gypsum dihydrate to form activated calcium oxide.In addition,high temperature and mechanical force destroys the Si-O chemical bond and promotes the formation of calcium silicate gel structure.Due to the existence of a large number of gypsum phases in EMR mixed mortar,a large number of ettringite,C-S-H,aluminosilicate,C-A-S-H,and AFm are formed,which strongly verifies the volcanic activity of EMR.The leaching test shows that high temperature calcination has a significant effect on the stabilization of NH_(3)-N.However,the curing effect of Mn^(2+)is significant only in the calcination at 1000℃,but both Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N in the calcined EMR are higher than the emission standard.The encapsulation effect of EMR composite mortar provided by hydration products,and the buffering capacity of the Si-Al system for solidification of heavy metals and strong alkalis are conducive to the stability of Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N.After the EMR mixed mortar is aged for 3 days,Mn and NH_(3)-N are completely lower than the emission standard.In general,the EMR mixed mortar can meet the requirements for green building use.展开更多
Butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)is a key enzyme in the metabolism of cholinergic compounds.It has been recognized as a key biomarker for many diseases,including liver diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.However,classical met...Butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)is a key enzyme in the metabolism of cholinergic compounds.It has been recognized as a key biomarker for many diseases,including liver diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.However,classical methods for detecting BChE activity suffer from low sensitivity,cumbersome pre-treatment,and poor stability.Chemiluminescence is a promising new method for detecting and imaging the activity of BChE.It has several advantages over traditional methods,including low background interference,high sensitivity,and the absence of external illumination.In this study,we developed a novel BChE-activatable chemiluminescent probe(CL-BChE).It exhibited a significant chemiluminescence enhancement at 525nm upon incubation with BChE.It had a low limit of detection(6.25×10^(−3)U/mL)and was highly selective for BChE.CL-BChE was used to image BChE activity in living cells and tumor-bearing animal models.It was also successfully applied to detect pesticide residue,even under the interference of representative phytochromes and real vegetable samples.Given its high sensitivity,selectivity,and versatility,we believe that CL-BChE will be a promising tool for investigating BChE’s activity in biomedical research as well as other BChE-related scenarios.展开更多
To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy in...To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy including solid wastes and a functional microorganism on aggregate size distribution and its stability in bauxite residue were investigated during a 365-d simulation experiment.The results showed that the combined amelioration effectively reduced the saline alkalinity of bauxite residue,and markedly changed the contents of aggregate-associated chemical binding agents.Desulfurization gypsum and maize straw-Penicillium oxalicum(P.oxalicum)differentiated the formation of aggregates within different sizes.Maize straw-P.oxalicum stimulated the formation of water-stable macroaggregates with more durable erosion resistance by the wet-sieving and laser dynamic diffraction analysis.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that exchangeable polyvalent metal ions,pyrophosphate extractable Fe oxide,and organic carbon exhibited positive correlations with aggregate stability during the 365-d incubation.The findings in this study may provide data support and engineering practical reference for ecological restoration in the disposal areas.展开更多
The significant amount of ash content in agricultural biomass presents an enormous challenge for efficient conversion processes.In addressing this issue,various deashing treatments have been tested and established,inc...The significant amount of ash content in agricultural biomass presents an enormous challenge for efficient conversion processes.In addressing this issue,various deashing treatments have been tested and established,including simple leaching techniques,which can either be performed with or without the addition of chemical agents.These techniques hold promise for improving the deashing efficiency while potentially altering the structural and chemical composition of biomass,specifically lignin content,which is the key focus of this review.This review starts by exploring the presence of ash in agricultural residues and its impact on biomass properties.Next,this review examines deashing strategies aimed at reducing ash levels in biomass followed by analysis of the resulting changes in lignin physical and chemical properties as well as its thermal characteristics.The final part of this review is concluded by the discussion on the limitations of current approaches and the possible future directions to address the challenges covering the environmental impacts of the deashing treatments.A green process approach is emphasized as a sustainable solution with the aim to minimize negative environmental impacts associated with chemical usage during deashing.Finally,this review highlights the potential for ash recovery as a byproduct of the deashing processes,paving the way for an integrative,closed-loop approach within the biorefinery concept.展开更多
This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag(CS)to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect.The experimental results indicate that,u...This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag(CS)to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect.The experimental results indicate that,under suitable conditions,the NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)contents in EMR decrease notably with the increasing CS content,accompanied by an increase in pH value.Furthermore,the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)in EMR considerably decreases with the increasing liquid-to-solid ratio,eventually stabilizing.Similarly,the pH value first increases and then decreases,ultimately stabilizing.At a CS content of 12%and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7,the leaching concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)in EMR(127.7 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/L,respectively)fall below the standard detection limit(2 mg/L),with the pH measuring 8.26,meeting the conditions outlined in the GB 8978.NH_(4)^(+)is converted to NH_(3),while Mn^(2+)is transformed into solid precipitates such as Mn(OH)_(2),Mn_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2),Ca_(3)Mn_(2)O_(7),and Ca_(2)MnO_(4).The majority of manganese ions exist in trivalent or tetravalent states and remain stable over time.The cost of using CS as a reagent for treating 1 ton of EMR is merely$1.01.The high OH^(-)concentration provided by CS enables the effective removal of NH_(4)^(+)from EMR and the solidification of Mn^(2+)during thermal reactions.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of substituting corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indicators and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle.[Method]A tot...[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of substituting corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indicators and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle.[Method]A total of 80 Xinjiang Brown cattle,each 22 months old and with a similar body weight of(250±15)kg,were randomly assigned to four groups,with 20 cattle in each group,utilizing a single-factor experimental design.The total mixed diets for the experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were formulated by substituting corn pellets with 2.00%,4.00%,and 6.00%potato residue,respectively,while the diet in the control group was not substituted with potato residue.The duration of the test was 100 d,which comprised a pre-test period of 10 d and a formal test period of 90 d.During the test period,the average dry matter intake,average daily weight gain and feed-gain ratio were assessed at 30-day intervals,and body size indicators were measured on days 0 and 90.Rumen fluid samples were collected from the oral cavity on days 0,30,60,and 90 to assess rumen fermentation parameters.Additionally,jugular blood samples were obtained during the fasting period,and serum was separated for the analysis of total protein mass concentration,urea nitrogen,and glucose concentration.Furthermore,the economic benefits accrued during the test period were calculated.[Result]The dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the control group from days 31 to 60(P<0.05).In contrast,the differences in dry matter intake between experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).From days 61 to 90,the dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ remained significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).Throughout the entire experimental period,the average daily weight gain observed in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly greater than that recorded in the other groups(P<0.05).Additionally,the total weight gain over the entire period was significantly higher than that of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05)and markedly higher than that of both the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.01).The feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05).There were no statisticaly significant differences observed in body height,slope length,thoracic circumference,abdominal circumference,rumen pH,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,total volatile fatty acids,and ammoniacal nitrogen mass concentration among the groups(P>0.05).On the 90th day of the experiment,the serum urea nitrogen concentration in beef cattle from experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.05).Additionally,the profit margins in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were higher than those in the control group,and the profit margin in experimental group Ⅰ was the highest.[Conclusion]The substitution of corn pellets with potato residue has the potential to enhance the average daily weight gain and total weight gain throughout the entire period in beef cattle,while simultaneously reducing the feed-gain ratio.However,this substitution does not appear to have a significant impact on body size indicators,rumen fermentation parameters,or the concentrations of serum total protein and glucose in beef cattle.Furthermore,this approach may yield improved breeding profitability,with a recommended substitution ratio of 2.00%based on the conditions of this experiment.展开更多
This paper reviewed the toxicity,maximum residue limits(MRLs)and current residue status of commonly used plant growth regulators in vegetables,including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA...This paper reviewed the toxicity,maximum residue limits(MRLs)and current residue status of commonly used plant growth regulators in vegetables,including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA),ethephon,gibberellin,and paclobutrazol.Methods for reducing residues of plant growth regulators in vegetables were discussed,and recommendations and strategies for their application were proposed.展开更多
China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particular...China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particularly in the Northeast China(NEC),where low temperature complicates crop residue management.Here,we examined the effects of cropping pattern adjustment on variations of CRB patterns in NEC during 2001-2021,utilizing the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area dataset,the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS)active fire dataset,and the high-accuracy crop planting area maps.Our results revealed an overall upward trend of 805.96 km^(2)/yr in NEC CRB from 2001 to 2021.The corn CRB area accounted for more than 50%of the total CRB area in each CRB-intensive year(2013-2021),and the increasing corn CRB generally aligns with the growing corn cultivation fields.A seasonal shift in CRB was found around 2017,with intensive CRB activities transitioning from both autumn and spring to primarily spring,particularly in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration aligned spatially with the shift.Moreover,the CRBs in spring of 2020 and 2021 were more severe than the major burning seasons in previous years,likely due to the disruptions during COVID-19 lockdowns.In certain years,the explanatory power of spring CRB on PM2.5 concentration was comparable to that of other natural factors,such as precipitation.This study underscores the critical need for sustained and region-specific strategies to tackle the challenges posed by CRBs.展开更多
In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calc...In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calculations of the thermodynamic stability region show that 89.36%Zn,>99%Pb and>99%Cu of gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume can be sulfured to ZnS,PbS and Cu 2 S,under sufficient sulfur partial pressure,low oxygen partial pressure and 400-1000℃.Sulfidation roasting experiments show that the sulfidation rate of Cu,Pb and Zn reach 81.43%,88.25% and 92.31%,respectively,under the roasting conditions of material mass ratio of 30 g:10 g,carbon dosage of 3.75 g,roasting temperature of 800℃ for 3 h.E−pH plots show that ZnS,PbS and Cu_(2)S can be enriched in the leaching residue,under leaching conditions at 25℃,pH<4 and-0.4 V<φ(E)<0.04 V.The leaching experiments showed that the sulfide is retained in the leaching residue,while the leaching rates of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1.94%,2.05% and 1.51%,respectively,under the conditions of 25℃,C_(HCl) of 0.5 mol/L,L/S of 5 mL/g,stirring rate of 300 r/min,and stirring time of 30 min.This study provides a new approach for the synergistic disposal of gypsum residue and zinc containing fume.展开更多
To investigate the feasibility of applying electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)in cementitious materials,an approach combining high-temperature activation(200,400,600,800 and 1000℃)and mechanical grinding(5 min)was ad...To investigate the feasibility of applying electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)in cementitious materials,an approach combining high-temperature activation(200,400,600,800 and 1000℃)and mechanical grinding(5 min)was adopted to stimulate the EMR activity.We analyzed the effect of calcination temperature on the performance of EMR with the aid of X-ray diffraction(XRD),specific surface area test(BET)and pozzolanic activity test,explored the effects of EMR activation temperature and content(0%,10%,15% and 20%)on the setting time,soundness,drying shrinkage,compressive strength,hydration products of cement-EMR mixed slurry,and assessed the effect of cement hydration on the solidification of harmful NH_(4)^(+)-N and Mn^(2+) in EMR.The research results show that high-temperature calcination can lead to the dehydration,decomposition or crystalline phase transformation of the inert sulfate and other substances in EMR,mechanical grinding can improve its particle distribution,and the coupling of the two can effectively enhance the pozzolanic activity of EMR.The decomposition and recombination of aluminum-silica phase at 800℃ optimized the EMR activity,and the strength activity index(SAI)of EMR at 28 d reached up to 95%.Appropriate calcination temperature and EMR content can ensure the workability of the mixed slurry,and when the EMR calcination temperature was 400-1000℃,the setting time of the mixed slurry under different EMR contents satisfied the specification requirements.When the calcination temperature was 600-1000℃ and EMR content was less than 20%,the soundness of the mixed slurry satisfied the specification requirements.The compressive strength of the mixed slurry increased and then decreased with the increase of activated EMR content,when the EMR content was 10%,the compressive strength of all specimens was optimal and higher than the baseline group;when the activation temperature was 800℃,the C-S-H gel in the mixed slurry interconnected with the rod-like Aft and blocked Ca(OH)_(2),and the 28 d compressive strength was increased by 14%compared with that of the baseline group.The solidification rate of Mn^(2+) in EMR by cement hydration was higher than 99%,and that of NH_(4)^(+)-N was higher than 97%.The leaching toxicity after solidification can meet the requirements of toxic emission.The results of the study may provide theoretical basis for the feasibility of the application of EMR in cementitious materials.展开更多
The advanced oxidation system based on peracetic acid(PAA)has been proved to be a green and safe oxidation decontamination technology.Among them,the key challenge and complexity in current research lies in the directi...The advanced oxidation system based on peracetic acid(PAA)has been proved to be a green and safe oxidation decontamination technology.Among them,the key challenge and complexity in current research lies in the directional induction of PAA and its utilization for selective removal of refractory pollutants.This study prepared nitrogen-doped biochar(NBC)using compound pharmaceutical residues commonly found in traditional Chinese medicine as a precursor.A system based on NBC-activated PAA was constructed for sulfamethoxazole(SMX)degradation.The introduction of nitrogen significantly enhanced the degree of graphitization in NBC.The degradation system achieved 87.89%SMX degradation efficiency within 60 min.Furthermore,the formation of the intricate NBC-PAA*complex detected by in-situ Raman was of paramount importance as it facilitates enhanced electron transfer processes within the complex,thereby promoting PAA decomposition through electron loss.The formation of a new complex between SMX and NBC-PAA*facilitated the completion of electron transfer process within the complex.In summary,this study explored a novel approach for treating and disposing of solid waste from Chinese medicine residue by successfully inducing non-free radical degradation pathway using PAA system.It offers fresh insights and ideas in the fields of water treatment and solid waste management.展开更多
The effective reuse of iron phosphate residue(IPR)is the key issue in the recycling of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries.Therefore,in this study,the reduction leaching of IPR in H_(2)SO_(4)solution by adding iron powder as re...The effective reuse of iron phosphate residue(IPR)is the key issue in the recycling of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries.Therefore,in this study,the reduction leaching of IPR in H_(2)SO_(4)solution by adding iron powder as reducing agent was investigated and compared with direct leaching.The results show that the leaching rate of IPR reached 97%under the optimum reduction leaching conditions.Kinetic studies show that the activation energy for reduction leaching is 12.71 k J/mol,while that of direct leaching is 21.57 k J/mol.Moreover,the reduction leaching time is reduced by half and the acid consumption is reduced by 30% compared to direct leaching with the same leaching rate.This work provides a scientific guidance to the treatment of iron phosphate residue from the recycling of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries.展开更多
Cost-effective CO_(2) adsorbents are gaining increasing attention as viable solutions for mitigating climate change.In this study,composites were synthesized by electrochemically combining the post-gasification residu...Cost-effective CO_(2) adsorbents are gaining increasing attention as viable solutions for mitigating climate change.In this study,composites were synthesized by electrochemically combining the post-gasification residue of Macadamia nut shell with copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate(CuBTC).Among the different composites synthesized,the ratio of 1:1 between biochar and CuBTC(B 1:1)demonstrated the highest CO_(2) adsorption capacity.Under controlled laboratory conditions(0℃,1 bar,without the influence of ambient moisture or CO_(2) diffusion limitations),B 1:1 achieved a CO_(2) adsorption capacity of 9.8 mmol/g,while under industrial-like conditions(25℃,1 bar,taking into account the impact of ambient moisture and CO_(2) diffusion limitations within a bed of adsorbent),it reached 6.2 mmol/g.These values surpassed those reported for various advanced CO_(2) adsorbents investigated in previous studies.The superior performance of the B 1:1 composite can be attributed to the optimization of the number of active sites,porosity,and the preservation of the full physical and chemical surface properties of both parentmaterials.Furthermore,the composite exhibited a notable CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity and improved stability under moisture conditions.These favorable characteristics make B 1:1 a promising candidate for industrial applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52471221)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ7145)the National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone Hunan special project,China(No.2022sfq09).
文摘With growing concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution,low-cost,environmentally friendly,and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials have attracted significant attention.This paper reports on the synthesis of porous Fe_(3)O_(4)/C composites that incorporate dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms via the carbothermal reduction method and optimization of waste ratio to enhance EWA performance.The Fe_(3)O_(4)/C composites with 10wt%soybean residues(Fe_(3)O_(4)/C-10),demonstrated the best EWA performance,achieving the minimum reflection loss of−56.4 dB and a bandwidth of 2.14 GHz at a thickness of 2.23 mm.This enhanced EWA performance is primarily attributable to improved impedance matching and the synergistic effect between dielectric and magnetic losses.Furthermore,radar cross-sectional simulations confirmed the practical feasibility of the porous Fe_(3)O_(4)/C composites.This study proposes a viable strategy for utilizing soybean residue and electrolytic manganese residue,highlighting their potential applications in EWA.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1901203 and 2021YFD1901204)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0440404)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377348)the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,China(2024JJ2052)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(2025GXNSFAA069337)。
文摘Rapidly improving infertile croplands and enhancing their soil organic carbon(SOC)pool necessitate substantial organic materials incorporation.Converting loose crop straw into granulated form facilitates uniform incorporation within the plough soil layer.As an innovative soil amelioration approach,the efficiency and patterns of SOC accumulation remain unclear.Two field experiments were conducted in infertile subtropical upland and paddy soils with 0,30,60,and 90 Mg ha^(-1)granulated straw incorporation.After one year,SOC accumulation efficiency from straw input remained stable in upland(30.8–37.5%)with increasing amounts of straw incorporation,while declined from 60.0 to 38.3%in paddy.In both croplands,the contributions of lignin phenols to SOC increased with increasing straw incorporation,while the contributions from amino sugars remained constant at higher straw input levels.Subsequently,the ratios of lignin phenols to amino sugars increased with increasing straw incorporation,indicating faster plant residue accumulation compared to microbial necromass,as the granulation approach limited microbial involvement in straw transformation.Thus,single-time incorporation of substantial granulated straw presents an effective agricultural strategy for rapid amelioration of infertile croplands.
基金supported by the Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes (No.2019YSKY-027).
文摘Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.
文摘A new manufactured soil product (Turba) was produced using acidified bauxite residue into which 10% green waste compost had been incorporated. A laboratory/greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine if sand could be used as an ingredient or an amendment for Turba. Sand was added at rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, 25, 50% and 75% (w/w) in two different ways 1) by incorporating it into the Turba during its manufacture (IN) or 2) by mixing it with Turba aggregates after their manufacture (OUT). Incorporation of sand into Turba aggregates (IN) decreased the percentage of sample present as large aggregates (2 - 4 mm dia.) after crushing and sieving (<4 mm) and also reduced the stability of 2 - 4 mm dia. formed aggregates (to dry/wet sieving) and are therefore not recommended. In a 16-week greenhouse study, ryegrass shoot yields were greater in Turba than in sand [and decreased with increasing sand additions (OUT)] while root dry matter showed the opposite trend. The greater grass growth in Turba than sand was attributed to incipit water stress in plants grown in sand and this may have promoted greater allocation of assimilates to roots resulting in a greater root-to-top mass ratio. The much lower macroporosity in Turba coupled with the solid cemented nature of Turba aggregates resulted in production of thinner roots and therefore greater root length than in sand. Turba (manufactured from bauxite residue and compost added at 10% w/w) is a suitable medium for plant growth and there is no advantage in incorporating sand into, or with, the Turba aggregates.
基金financially supported by the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-049)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.20210302123167)。
文摘Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable world.In this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances assessment.Based on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were obtained.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of CTRCs.Results indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”mechanism.This work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.
基金Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China (No. 2022SK2075)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52004339)。
文摘An efficient process based on oxidizing roasting−direct reduction−smelting−electrorefining was developed to separate and recover Zn,In,Ga and Fe from a typical hazardous jarosite residue.Phase transformation and element migration during each separating process were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),thermo-gravimetric−differential scanning calorimetry(TG−DSC),and scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM−EDS).The results show that the jarosite residue decomposed into hematite and zinc ferrite when oxidizing roasted at 1250℃ for 20 min.Then,Zn and In were volatilized and enriched into flue dust through the reductive roasting of oxidized pellets at 1200℃ for 60 min.Finally,Fe and Ga were separated by smelting−electrorefining of the reduced pellets to obtain high purity iron powder with 99.5%Fe and anode slime with 456 g/t Ga.Through the process,a total recovery of 97.42%Zn,87.86%In,90.70%Fe and 84.78%Ga can be achieved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52170138)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD1900305)+3 种基金Qingdao Agricultural University Doctoral Start-Up Fund(No.6631122003)the Project of Talent IntroductionEducation Program of Youth Innovation Teams in Universities of Shandong Province(2021–05)Shandong Provincial College Youth Innovation Team Program(No.2023KJ169).
文摘Cyclosporin A fermentation residue(CFR)is a type of organic waste generated during the production of cyclosporin A,which are abundant in nutrients including organic matter,phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium.Inappropriate handling of CFR not only waste valuable bioresources,but may also lead to the cyclosporin A and associated resistance genes into the natural environment,posing a significant threat to ecological system and human health.Land application was an effective way to resource recovery of CFR after aerobic composting(CAC).This study investigated the impact of CAC on soil fertility and environmental safety.The results indicated that CAC could improve soil nutrient contents and enhance enzyme activities.CAC altered the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria,resulting in an increase in the abundance of relevant bacteria beneficial for organic matter decomposition and cyclosporin A degradation.The introduced cyclosporin A(71.69μg/kg)completely degraded within 20 days due to soil biodegradation.The significantly increased abundance of intIl,mdr3,pgp,TSR and pmra in the soil cultivation early stage were restored to the soil background level within 90 days,indicating a reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance.The results demonstrated that reasonable land application of CAC could improve soil fertility without antimicrobial resistance risk,which is helpful for evaluating the resource utilization value and environmental risks of antibiotic fermentation residue after aerobic composting.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52178216)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Programme(No.23JRRA813)。
文摘The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR),mineral phase transition,pozzolanic activity,and pore structure were studied.The experimental results show that the strength activity index(SAI)of 20%EMR mixed mortar at 28 days is 90.54%,95.40%,and 90.73%,respectively,after pretreatment with EMR at 800℃calcined for 3,5,and 8 min.This is mainly attributed to the high temperature decomposition of gypsum dihydrate to form activated calcium oxide.In addition,high temperature and mechanical force destroys the Si-O chemical bond and promotes the formation of calcium silicate gel structure.Due to the existence of a large number of gypsum phases in EMR mixed mortar,a large number of ettringite,C-S-H,aluminosilicate,C-A-S-H,and AFm are formed,which strongly verifies the volcanic activity of EMR.The leaching test shows that high temperature calcination has a significant effect on the stabilization of NH_(3)-N.However,the curing effect of Mn^(2+)is significant only in the calcination at 1000℃,but both Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N in the calcined EMR are higher than the emission standard.The encapsulation effect of EMR composite mortar provided by hydration products,and the buffering capacity of the Si-Al system for solidification of heavy metals and strong alkalis are conducive to the stability of Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N.After the EMR mixed mortar is aged for 3 days,Mn and NH_(3)-N are completely lower than the emission standard.In general,the EMR mixed mortar can meet the requirements for green building use.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,and M-0696)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052 and 2022JJ40656)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(No.2023ZZTS0609)。
文摘Butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)is a key enzyme in the metabolism of cholinergic compounds.It has been recognized as a key biomarker for many diseases,including liver diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.However,classical methods for detecting BChE activity suffer from low sensitivity,cumbersome pre-treatment,and poor stability.Chemiluminescence is a promising new method for detecting and imaging the activity of BChE.It has several advantages over traditional methods,including low background interference,high sensitivity,and the absence of external illumination.In this study,we developed a novel BChE-activatable chemiluminescent probe(CL-BChE).It exhibited a significant chemiluminescence enhancement at 525nm upon incubation with BChE.It had a low limit of detection(6.25×10^(−3)U/mL)and was highly selective for BChE.CL-BChE was used to image BChE activity in living cells and tumor-bearing animal models.It was also successfully applied to detect pesticide residue,even under the interference of representative phytochromes and real vegetable samples.Given its high sensitivity,selectivity,and versatility,we believe that CL-BChE will be a promising tool for investigating BChE’s activity in biomedical research as well as other BChE-related scenarios.
基金Projects(42177391,42477437)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024RC3041)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023CXQD064)supported by the Innovation-Driven Research Programme of Central South University,ChinaProject(242102321124)supported by the Henan Provincal Science and Technology Research Project,China。
文摘To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy including solid wastes and a functional microorganism on aggregate size distribution and its stability in bauxite residue were investigated during a 365-d simulation experiment.The results showed that the combined amelioration effectively reduced the saline alkalinity of bauxite residue,and markedly changed the contents of aggregate-associated chemical binding agents.Desulfurization gypsum and maize straw-Penicillium oxalicum(P.oxalicum)differentiated the formation of aggregates within different sizes.Maize straw-P.oxalicum stimulated the formation of water-stable macroaggregates with more durable erosion resistance by the wet-sieving and laser dynamic diffraction analysis.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that exchangeable polyvalent metal ions,pyrophosphate extractable Fe oxide,and organic carbon exhibited positive correlations with aggregate stability during the 365-d incubation.The findings in this study may provide data support and engineering practical reference for ecological restoration in the disposal areas.
基金funded by the joint research collaboration of the Research Organization of Nanotechnology and Material,National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)(Grant number:8/HK/II/2024)with the title Organosolv Lignin-Based Hydrogels from Sugarcane Leaves and Their Potential as Wound Dressings with Widya Fatriasari as the Principal Investigatorthe Degree by Research(DBR)program of BRIN with scheme number:20/III.10/HK/2024 and scholarship number 4637/II.5.4/SI.06.01/7/2024 for Eko Budi Santoso。
文摘The significant amount of ash content in agricultural biomass presents an enormous challenge for efficient conversion processes.In addressing this issue,various deashing treatments have been tested and established,including simple leaching techniques,which can either be performed with or without the addition of chemical agents.These techniques hold promise for improving the deashing efficiency while potentially altering the structural and chemical composition of biomass,specifically lignin content,which is the key focus of this review.This review starts by exploring the presence of ash in agricultural residues and its impact on biomass properties.Next,this review examines deashing strategies aimed at reducing ash levels in biomass followed by analysis of the resulting changes in lignin physical and chemical properties as well as its thermal characteristics.The final part of this review is concluded by the discussion on the limitations of current approaches and the possible future directions to address the challenges covering the environmental impacts of the deashing treatments.A green process approach is emphasized as a sustainable solution with the aim to minimize negative environmental impacts associated with chemical usage during deashing.Finally,this review highlights the potential for ash recovery as a byproduct of the deashing processes,paving the way for an integrative,closed-loop approach within the biorefinery concept.
基金Funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Guike AB23026071 and Guike AB24010020)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(Guike AD24010062)the Guangxi Beibu Gulf Engineering Research Center for Green Marine Materials。
文摘This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag(CS)to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect.The experimental results indicate that,under suitable conditions,the NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)contents in EMR decrease notably with the increasing CS content,accompanied by an increase in pH value.Furthermore,the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)in EMR considerably decreases with the increasing liquid-to-solid ratio,eventually stabilizing.Similarly,the pH value first increases and then decreases,ultimately stabilizing.At a CS content of 12%and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7,the leaching concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)in EMR(127.7 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/L,respectively)fall below the standard detection limit(2 mg/L),with the pH measuring 8.26,meeting the conditions outlined in the GB 8978.NH_(4)^(+)is converted to NH_(3),while Mn^(2+)is transformed into solid precipitates such as Mn(OH)_(2),Mn_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2),Ca_(3)Mn_(2)O_(7),and Ca_(2)MnO_(4).The majority of manganese ions exist in trivalent or tetravalent states and remain stable over time.The cost of using CS as a reagent for treating 1 ton of EMR is merely$1.01.The high OH^(-)concentration provided by CS enables the effective removal of NH_(4)^(+)from EMR and the solidification of Mn^(2+)during thermal reactions.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Key Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01D10)China Agricultural Industry Research System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2024(XJARS-12-05)Project of Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Yili Prefecture.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of substituting corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indicators and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle.[Method]A total of 80 Xinjiang Brown cattle,each 22 months old and with a similar body weight of(250±15)kg,were randomly assigned to four groups,with 20 cattle in each group,utilizing a single-factor experimental design.The total mixed diets for the experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were formulated by substituting corn pellets with 2.00%,4.00%,and 6.00%potato residue,respectively,while the diet in the control group was not substituted with potato residue.The duration of the test was 100 d,which comprised a pre-test period of 10 d and a formal test period of 90 d.During the test period,the average dry matter intake,average daily weight gain and feed-gain ratio were assessed at 30-day intervals,and body size indicators were measured on days 0 and 90.Rumen fluid samples were collected from the oral cavity on days 0,30,60,and 90 to assess rumen fermentation parameters.Additionally,jugular blood samples were obtained during the fasting period,and serum was separated for the analysis of total protein mass concentration,urea nitrogen,and glucose concentration.Furthermore,the economic benefits accrued during the test period were calculated.[Result]The dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the control group from days 31 to 60(P<0.05).In contrast,the differences in dry matter intake between experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).From days 61 to 90,the dry matter intake in experimental group Ⅰ remained significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).Throughout the entire experimental period,the average daily weight gain observed in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly greater than that recorded in the other groups(P<0.05).Additionally,the total weight gain over the entire period was significantly higher than that of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05)and markedly higher than that of both the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.01).The feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05).There were no statisticaly significant differences observed in body height,slope length,thoracic circumference,abdominal circumference,rumen pH,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,total volatile fatty acids,and ammoniacal nitrogen mass concentration among the groups(P>0.05).On the 90th day of the experiment,the serum urea nitrogen concentration in beef cattle from experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in the control group and experimental group Ⅲ(P<0.05).Additionally,the profit margins in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were higher than those in the control group,and the profit margin in experimental group Ⅰ was the highest.[Conclusion]The substitution of corn pellets with potato residue has the potential to enhance the average daily weight gain and total weight gain throughout the entire period in beef cattle,while simultaneously reducing the feed-gain ratio.However,this substitution does not appear to have a significant impact on body size indicators,rumen fermentation parameters,or the concentrations of serum total protein and glucose in beef cattle.Furthermore,this approach may yield improved breeding profitability,with a recommended substitution ratio of 2.00%based on the conditions of this experiment.
文摘This paper reviewed the toxicity,maximum residue limits(MRLs)and current residue status of commonly used plant growth regulators in vegetables,including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA),ethephon,gibberellin,and paclobutrazol.Methods for reducing residues of plant growth regulators in vegetables were discussed,and recommendations and strategies for their application were proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1500200)the funding project of Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geologi-cal Survey(Grant No.QCJJ2022-9)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Pro-gram of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28060100)the Youth Interdisciplinary Team Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(JCTD-2021-04)the Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CAS-WX2021PY-0109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41971078,42271375,72221002,42001378).
文摘China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particularly in the Northeast China(NEC),where low temperature complicates crop residue management.Here,we examined the effects of cropping pattern adjustment on variations of CRB patterns in NEC during 2001-2021,utilizing the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area dataset,the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS)active fire dataset,and the high-accuracy crop planting area maps.Our results revealed an overall upward trend of 805.96 km^(2)/yr in NEC CRB from 2001 to 2021.The corn CRB area accounted for more than 50%of the total CRB area in each CRB-intensive year(2013-2021),and the increasing corn CRB generally aligns with the growing corn cultivation fields.A seasonal shift in CRB was found around 2017,with intensive CRB activities transitioning from both autumn and spring to primarily spring,particularly in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration aligned spatially with the shift.Moreover,the CRBs in spring of 2020 and 2021 were more severe than the major burning seasons in previous years,likely due to the disruptions during COVID-19 lockdowns.In certain years,the explanatory power of spring CRB on PM2.5 concentration was comparable to that of other natural factors,such as precipitation.This study underscores the critical need for sustained and region-specific strategies to tackle the challenges posed by CRBs.
基金Projects(52174269,52374293)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022RC1123)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calculations of the thermodynamic stability region show that 89.36%Zn,>99%Pb and>99%Cu of gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume can be sulfured to ZnS,PbS and Cu 2 S,under sufficient sulfur partial pressure,low oxygen partial pressure and 400-1000℃.Sulfidation roasting experiments show that the sulfidation rate of Cu,Pb and Zn reach 81.43%,88.25% and 92.31%,respectively,under the roasting conditions of material mass ratio of 30 g:10 g,carbon dosage of 3.75 g,roasting temperature of 800℃ for 3 h.E−pH plots show that ZnS,PbS and Cu_(2)S can be enriched in the leaching residue,under leaching conditions at 25℃,pH<4 and-0.4 V<φ(E)<0.04 V.The leaching experiments showed that the sulfide is retained in the leaching residue,while the leaching rates of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1.94%,2.05% and 1.51%,respectively,under the conditions of 25℃,C_(HCl) of 0.5 mol/L,L/S of 5 mL/g,stirring rate of 300 r/min,and stirring time of 30 min.This study provides a new approach for the synergistic disposal of gypsum residue and zinc containing fume.
基金Funded by the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(No.25CXGA070)。
文摘To investigate the feasibility of applying electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)in cementitious materials,an approach combining high-temperature activation(200,400,600,800 and 1000℃)and mechanical grinding(5 min)was adopted to stimulate the EMR activity.We analyzed the effect of calcination temperature on the performance of EMR with the aid of X-ray diffraction(XRD),specific surface area test(BET)and pozzolanic activity test,explored the effects of EMR activation temperature and content(0%,10%,15% and 20%)on the setting time,soundness,drying shrinkage,compressive strength,hydration products of cement-EMR mixed slurry,and assessed the effect of cement hydration on the solidification of harmful NH_(4)^(+)-N and Mn^(2+) in EMR.The research results show that high-temperature calcination can lead to the dehydration,decomposition or crystalline phase transformation of the inert sulfate and other substances in EMR,mechanical grinding can improve its particle distribution,and the coupling of the two can effectively enhance the pozzolanic activity of EMR.The decomposition and recombination of aluminum-silica phase at 800℃ optimized the EMR activity,and the strength activity index(SAI)of EMR at 28 d reached up to 95%.Appropriate calcination temperature and EMR content can ensure the workability of the mixed slurry,and when the EMR calcination temperature was 400-1000℃,the setting time of the mixed slurry under different EMR contents satisfied the specification requirements.When the calcination temperature was 600-1000℃ and EMR content was less than 20%,the soundness of the mixed slurry satisfied the specification requirements.The compressive strength of the mixed slurry increased and then decreased with the increase of activated EMR content,when the EMR content was 10%,the compressive strength of all specimens was optimal and higher than the baseline group;when the activation temperature was 800℃,the C-S-H gel in the mixed slurry interconnected with the rod-like Aft and blocked Ca(OH)_(2),and the 28 d compressive strength was increased by 14%compared with that of the baseline group.The solidification rate of Mn^(2+) in EMR by cement hydration was higher than 99%,and that of NH_(4)^(+)-N was higher than 97%.The leaching toxicity after solidification can meet the requirements of toxic emission.The results of the study may provide theoretical basis for the feasibility of the application of EMR in cementitious materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200049)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022TQ0089)+2 种基金the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.LBH-Z22181)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(No.2024TS28)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The advanced oxidation system based on peracetic acid(PAA)has been proved to be a green and safe oxidation decontamination technology.Among them,the key challenge and complexity in current research lies in the directional induction of PAA and its utilization for selective removal of refractory pollutants.This study prepared nitrogen-doped biochar(NBC)using compound pharmaceutical residues commonly found in traditional Chinese medicine as a precursor.A system based on NBC-activated PAA was constructed for sulfamethoxazole(SMX)degradation.The introduction of nitrogen significantly enhanced the degree of graphitization in NBC.The degradation system achieved 87.89%SMX degradation efficiency within 60 min.Furthermore,the formation of the intricate NBC-PAA*complex detected by in-situ Raman was of paramount importance as it facilitates enhanced electron transfer processes within the complex,thereby promoting PAA decomposition through electron loss.The formation of a new complex between SMX and NBC-PAA*facilitated the completion of electron transfer process within the complex.In summary,this study explored a novel approach for treating and disposing of solid waste from Chinese medicine residue by successfully inducing non-free radical degradation pathway using PAA system.It offers fresh insights and ideas in the fields of water treatment and solid waste management.
基金financial support from the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2022JJ10074)。
文摘The effective reuse of iron phosphate residue(IPR)is the key issue in the recycling of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries.Therefore,in this study,the reduction leaching of IPR in H_(2)SO_(4)solution by adding iron powder as reducing agent was investigated and compared with direct leaching.The results show that the leaching rate of IPR reached 97%under the optimum reduction leaching conditions.Kinetic studies show that the activation energy for reduction leaching is 12.71 k J/mol,while that of direct leaching is 21.57 k J/mol.Moreover,the reduction leaching time is reduced by half and the acid consumption is reduced by 30% compared to direct leaching with the same leaching rate.This work provides a scientific guidance to the treatment of iron phosphate residue from the recycling of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries.
基金funded by the University of Science and Technology of Hanoi for the emerging research group“Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development” (SEED).
文摘Cost-effective CO_(2) adsorbents are gaining increasing attention as viable solutions for mitigating climate change.In this study,composites were synthesized by electrochemically combining the post-gasification residue of Macadamia nut shell with copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate(CuBTC).Among the different composites synthesized,the ratio of 1:1 between biochar and CuBTC(B 1:1)demonstrated the highest CO_(2) adsorption capacity.Under controlled laboratory conditions(0℃,1 bar,without the influence of ambient moisture or CO_(2) diffusion limitations),B 1:1 achieved a CO_(2) adsorption capacity of 9.8 mmol/g,while under industrial-like conditions(25℃,1 bar,taking into account the impact of ambient moisture and CO_(2) diffusion limitations within a bed of adsorbent),it reached 6.2 mmol/g.These values surpassed those reported for various advanced CO_(2) adsorbents investigated in previous studies.The superior performance of the B 1:1 composite can be attributed to the optimization of the number of active sites,porosity,and the preservation of the full physical and chemical surface properties of both parentmaterials.Furthermore,the composite exhibited a notable CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity and improved stability under moisture conditions.These favorable characteristics make B 1:1 a promising candidate for industrial applications.
