Newspapers and magazines were primary media for Sino-Western cultural exchange in the early 19th century.The Chinese Repository,a monthly periodical founded by American missionary Elijah Bridgman in 1832,reported on C...Newspapers and magazines were primary media for Sino-Western cultural exchange in the early 19th century.The Chinese Repository,a monthly periodical founded by American missionary Elijah Bridgman in 1832,reported on Chinese social life as well as legal cases,system,and penalty.These reports served as a crucial window for the West to observe 19th-century Chinese criminal practices and significantly shaped Western perceptions of Chinese penal systems.Analysis of the periodical’s reports and reviews reveals a predominantly critical and negative Western view on China,arising from the collective Western impressions of China at the time and the identities and experiences of The Chinese Repository’s main contributors.The Western impressions of China formed during this period of time have had lasting negative impacts on Western legal demands towards China.Studies on the negative Western impressions of the Chinese view of legal penalty with a case study of The Chinese Repository offer valuable insights into the current Sino-Western legal cultural exchanges and dissemination.展开更多
High-level radioactive waste should be isolated from humans and society for over 100,000 years.Several factors should be considered for a geologically stable disposal site such as topography,faults,seismic activity,an...High-level radioactive waste should be isolated from humans and society for over 100,000 years.Several factors should be considered for a geologically stable disposal site such as topography,faults,seismic activity,and hydrological properties.Brittle structures within the bedrock,such as faults,act as potential flow pathways for radioactive isotopes as well as significantly influence bedrock stability in the context of future seismicity.However,studies on fault behavior and deformation in underground settings,which are key components for site characterization,are relatively scarce compared with those at the surface.This study was conducted within the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel(KURT),an experimental tunnel focused on comprehending the structural evolution and designing nuclear waste disposal sites.To conduct a comprehensive structural study aimed at reconstructing the structural evolution of the study area in space and time,a preliminary lineament analysis was conducted using a length-weighted lineament analysis.Furthermore,kinematic analysis was conducted based on a cross-cutting relationship to establish the deformation history and change of paleostress condition.We identified three distinct brittle deformation stages evolving from a strike-slip to an extensional regime associated with the change of the maximum horizontal stress from ENE–WSW through NW–SE to NNE–SSW.This study underscored that a detailed study combining remote sensing lineament analysis,field structural surveys,and paleostress analysis could integrate and improve previously proposed methods for the selection of deep geological repositories.展开更多
Fibrosis is a pathological outcome of a dysregulated repair response to injury,which can occur in any organ and have devastating effects on hundreds of millions of patients worldwide.However,challenges remain in delin...Fibrosis is a pathological outcome of a dysregulated repair response to injury,which can occur in any organ and have devastating effects on hundreds of millions of patients worldwide.However,challenges remain in delineating the complex and dynamic network regulating fibrosis,as well as translating this information into effective anti-fibrotic treatments.A comprehensive understanding of existing methodologies and the development of new research tools are essential for ensuring the transferability of findings from bench to bedside.In this review,we present a framework consisting of a large biospecimen repository that integrates diverse patient cohorts with corresponding clinical data,and a systematic research platform incorporating multiple layers of experimental strategies,primarily focused on skin fibrosis.We summarize current advancements and the applications of various tools for preclinical fibrosis research and examine the limitations of traditional methods used to simulate and investigate biomechanical signals in the fibrotic environment.Importantly,we highlight the strengths of research techniques and translational approaches of varying physiological relevance developed by us over the past decade.Collectively,we emphasize a trend toward more faithfully replicating the functional,structural,and biological complexity of fibrosis while providing high spatio-temporal control over soluble cues and intricate interactions.Our comprehensive overview of methodology paves the way for minimizing batch-to-batch variation and improving the reproducibility of experimental systems.展开更多
An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontol...An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontology and user ontology, and evaluated from its function and implementation; then the corresponding class diagram, resource description framework （RDF） schema and extensible markup language （XML） schema are given. Secondly, the metadata for online learning resource repository management is proposed based on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and the IEEE Learning Technologies Standards Committee Learning Object Metadata Working Group. Finally, the inference instance is shown, which proves the validity of ontology and metadata in online learning resource repository management.展开更多
Geophysical inversion under different stabilizers has different descriptions of the target body boundary,especially in complex geological structures.In this paper,we present an extremum boundary inversion algorithm ba...Geophysical inversion under different stabilizers has different descriptions of the target body boundary,especially in complex geological structures.In this paper,we present an extremum boundary inversion algorithm based on different stabilizers for electrical interface recognition.Firstly,we use the smoothest and minimum-support stabilizing functional to study the applicability of adaptive regularization inversion algorithm.Then,an electrical interface recognition method based on different stabilizers is developed by introducing extremum boundary inversion algorithm.The testing shows that the adaptive regularization inversion method does work for different stabilizers and has a low dependence on the initial models.The ratio of the smooth and focusing upper and lower boundaries obtained using the extremum boundary inversion algorithm can clearly demarcate electrical interfaces.We apply the inversion algorithm to the magnetotelluric(MT)data collected from a preselected area of a high-level-waste clay-rock repository site in the Tamusu area.We recognized regional structures with smooth inversion and the local details with focusing inversion and determined the thickness of the target layer combined with the geological and drilling information,which meets the requirement for the site of the high-level waste clay-rock repository.展开更多
The non-linear relationship between parameters of rapidly solidified agingprocesses and mechancal and electrical properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy is available by using asupervised artificial neural network (ANN). A knowle...The non-linear relationship between parameters of rapidly solidified agingprocesses and mechancal and electrical properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy is available by using asupervised artificial neural network (ANN). A knowledge repository of rapidly solidified agingprocesses is established via sufficient data learning by the network. The predicted values of theneural network are in accordance with the tested data. So an effective measure for foreseeing andcontrolling the properties of the processing is provided.展开更多
In order to research whether it is suitable to set a geological disposal repository for high-level radioactive nuclear waste into one target granite body,two active source seismic profles were arranged near a small to...In order to research whether it is suitable to set a geological disposal repository for high-level radioactive nuclear waste into one target granite body,two active source seismic profles were arranged near a small town named Tamusu,Western China.The study area is with complex surface conditions,thus the seismic exploration encountered a variettraveltimey of technical difculties such as crossing obstacles,de-noising harmful scattered waves,and building complex near-surface velocity models.In order to address those problems,techniques including cross-obstacle seismic geometry design,angle-domain harmful scattered noise removal,and an acoustic wave equation-based inversion method jointly utilizing both the and waveform of frst arrival waves were adopted.The fnal seismic images clearly exhibit the target rock’s unconformable contact boundary and its top interface beneath the sedimentary and weathered layers.On this basis,it could be confrmed that the target rock is not thin or has been transported by geological process from somewhere else,but a native and massive rock.There are a few small size fractures whose space distribution could be revealed by seismic images within the rock.The fractures should be kept away.Based on current research,it could be considered that active source seismic exploration is demanded during the sitting process of the geological disposal repository for nuclear waste.The seismic acquisition and processing techniques proposed in the present paper would ofer a good reference value for similar researches in the future.展开更多
Small RNAs(sRNAs)are essential regulatory molecules,and there are three major sRNA classes in plants:microRNAs(miRNAs),phased small interfering RNAs(phased siRNAs or phasiRNAs),and heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs).Ex...Small RNAs(sRNAs)are essential regulatory molecules,and there are three major sRNA classes in plants:microRNAs(miRNAs),phased small interfering RNAs(phased siRNAs or phasiRNAs),and heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs).Excluding miRNAs,the other two classes are not well annotated or available in public databases for most sequenced plant genomes.We performed a comprehensive sRNA annotation of 143 plant species that have fully sequenced genomes and next-generation sequencing sRNA data publicly available.The results are available via an online repository called sRNAanno(www.plantsRNAs.org).Compared with other public plant sRNA databases,we obtained was much more miRNA annotations,which are more complete and reliable because of the consistent and highly stringent criteria used in our miRNA annotations.sRNAanno also provides free access to genomic information for>22,721 PHAS loci and>22 million hc-siRNA loci annotated from these 143 plant species.Both miRNA and PHAS loci can be easily browsed to view their main features,and a collection of archetypal trans-acting siRNA 3(TAS3)genes were annotated separately for quick access.To facilitate the ease of sRNA annotation,sRNAanno provides free service for sRNA annotations to the community.In summary,the sRNAanno database is a great resource to facilitate genomic and genetic research on plant small RNAs.展开更多
Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGR)to store nuclear wastes.This study investigates the individual and comb...Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGR)to store nuclear wastes.This study investigates the individual and combined effects of different chemical compositions of deep groundwaters(chemical factor)at potential repository sites in Canada(the Trenton and Guelph regions in Ontario),heat generated in DGRs(thermal factor),dry densities and mass ratios of bentonite and sand mixtures(physical factors)on the swelling behavior and ability of bentonite-based materials.In this study,swelling tests are conducted on B/S mixtures with different B/S mix ratios(20/80 to 70/30),compacted at different dry densities(ρd=1.6-2 g/cm^(3)),saturated with different types of water(distilled water and simulated deep groundwater of Trenton and Guelph)and exposed to different temperatures(20℃-80℃).Moreover,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)analyses are carried out to evaluate the morphological,microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the B/S mixtures.The test results indicate that the swelling potential of the B/S mixtures is significantly affected by these physical and chemical factors as well as the combined effects of the chemical and thermal factors.A significant decrease in the swelling capacity is observed when the B/S materials are exposed to the aforementioned groundwaters.A large decrease in the swelling capacity is observed for higher bentonite content in the mixtures.Moreover,higher temperatures intensify the chemically-induced reduction of the swelling capacity of the B/S barrier materials.This decrease in the swelling capacity is caused by the chemical and/or microstructural changes of the materials.The results from this research will help engineers to design and build EBSs for DGRs with similar groundwater and thermal conditions.展开更多
The research and development of high-level radioactive waste(HLW)repository is a long-term systematic engineering project.Normally,it involves such stages as foundation study,site selection and assessment,underground ...The research and development of high-level radioactive waste(HLW)repository is a long-term systematic engineering project.Normally,it involves such stages as foundation study,site selection and assessment,underground research laboratory testing, and the design,construction,operation,and close of the repository.The key issue in repository design展开更多
GitHub repository recommendation is a research hotspot in the field of open-source software. The current problemswith the repository recommendation systemare the insufficient utilization of open-source community infor...GitHub repository recommendation is a research hotspot in the field of open-source software. The current problemswith the repository recommendation systemare the insufficient utilization of open-source community informationand the fact that the scoring metrics used to calculate the matching degree between developers and repositoriesare developed manually and rely too much on human experience, leading to poor recommendation results. Toaddress these problems, we design a questionnaire to investigate which repository information developers focus onand propose a graph convolutional network-based repository recommendation system (GCNRec). First, to solveinsufficient information utilization in open-source communities, we construct a Developer-Repository networkusing four types of behavioral data that best reflect developers’ programming preferences and extract features ofdevelopers and repositories from the repository content that developers focus on. Then, we design a repositoryrecommendation model based on a multi-layer graph convolutional network to avoid the manual formulation ofscoringmetrics. Thismodel takes the Developer-Repository network, developer features and repository features asinputs, and recommends the top-k repositories that developers are most likely to be interested in by learning theirpreferences. We have verified the proposed GCNRec on the dataset, and by comparing it with other open-sourcerepository recommendation methods, GCNRec achieves higher precision and hit rate.展开更多
In order to archive and utilize the information from Chinese polar expeditions to the greatest extent, we design a novel knowledge repository, in which an automatic query model based on neural networks is proposed and...In order to archive and utilize the information from Chinese polar expeditions to the greatest extent, we design a novel knowledge repository, in which an automatic query model based on neural networks is proposed and a data call trigger is established to keep data consistent between polar data-sharing platforms. And in this repository, anybody can make contributions to the repository by creating or updating entries with version control and an authority control mechanism. In this paper, the data sources,data processes and network structure of this repository are described, and the keywords extraction and decision support operation are detailed. The analysis of this design＇s feasibility and applicability indicates that this knowledge repository is open, sole and authoritative for Chinese polar expeditions.展开更多
This paper presents the behavior simulation of high level radioactive waste repository in Beishan granite site which is the most potential one in China.Based on the results from site characterization in Beishan granit...This paper presents the behavior simulation of high level radioactive waste repository in Beishan granite site which is the most potential one in China.Based on the results from site characterization in Beishan granite site,the conceptual model of repository in this site is proposed and its calculation model is developed with software GoldSim.After verification,this calculation model is applied to simulate the展开更多
Temperature is critical to maintaining seed viability under long-term storage conditions. It has been common practice to use refrigeration systems to maintain required storage temperatures. A seed repository construct...Temperature is critical to maintaining seed viability under long-term storage conditions. It has been common practice to use refrigeration systems to maintain required storage temperatures. A seed repository constructed in permafrost in Yakutsk, Russia is the first seed storage facility that relies solely on natural cold. This paper describes the design and performance of the cooling system of the repository. An innovative aspect of the cooling system is that it utilizes the patterns of temperature wave propagation in permafrost. Predicted and measured ground temperatures for the first year of operation are presented and analyzed. Results indicate that convection air cooling systems can be used to control the temperature regime in underground facilities in permafrost.展开更多
The French National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management (Andra) conducted a site investiga- tions program within the project of a deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in the Meuse/ Haute-Marne region. The con...The French National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management (Andra) conducted a site investiga- tions program within the project of a deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in the Meuse/ Haute-Marne region. The construction of the tunnel of 5 Km length and the shafts of about 500 m depth to access the repository located in the clay host formation of Callovo-Oxfordian age, will lead to the perturbations of the groundwater flow fields. The prediction of the behaviour of these perturbations is needed to support: 1) the engineering and monitoring operations, and 2) the assessment of the consequences on groundwater resources. A variably-saturated flow model of a local multi-layered aquifer system is developed. It integrates the Oxfordian aquifer (limestone), the Kimmeridgianaquitard (marl) and the Barrois limestone aquifer including the karst conduits network. The variably-saturated flow Richard’s equation is solved with a finite element simulator. Prior to the simulation of the predictive repository impacts, a transient flow model is calibrated with respect to Underground Research Laboratory (URL) construction data. The results are analysed and evaluated by the use of performance measures.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund General Project titled“The Millard’s Review and the Study of Sino-American Legal Civilization Exchange in the First Half of the 20th Century”.
文摘Newspapers and magazines were primary media for Sino-Western cultural exchange in the early 19th century.The Chinese Repository,a monthly periodical founded by American missionary Elijah Bridgman in 1832,reported on Chinese social life as well as legal cases,system,and penalty.These reports served as a crucial window for the West to observe 19th-century Chinese criminal practices and significantly shaped Western perceptions of Chinese penal systems.Analysis of the periodical’s reports and reviews reveals a predominantly critical and negative Western view on China,arising from the collective Western impressions of China at the time and the identities and experiences of The Chinese Repository’s main contributors.The Western impressions of China formed during this period of time have had lasting negative impacts on Western legal demands towards China.Studies on the negative Western impressions of the Chinese view of legal penalty with a case study of The Chinese Repository offer valuable insights into the current Sino-Western legal cultural exchanges and dissemination.
基金supported by the Institute for Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel(iKSNF)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT,MSIT)(No.2021M2E1A1085200).
文摘High-level radioactive waste should be isolated from humans and society for over 100,000 years.Several factors should be considered for a geologically stable disposal site such as topography,faults,seismic activity,and hydrological properties.Brittle structures within the bedrock,such as faults,act as potential flow pathways for radioactive isotopes as well as significantly influence bedrock stability in the context of future seismicity.However,studies on fault behavior and deformation in underground settings,which are key components for site characterization,are relatively scarce compared with those at the surface.This study was conducted within the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel(KURT),an experimental tunnel focused on comprehending the structural evolution and designing nuclear waste disposal sites.To conduct a comprehensive structural study aimed at reconstructing the structural evolution of the study area in space and time,a preliminary lineament analysis was conducted using a length-weighted lineament analysis.Furthermore,kinematic analysis was conducted based on a cross-cutting relationship to establish the deformation history and change of paleostress condition.We identified three distinct brittle deformation stages evolving from a strike-slip to an extensional regime associated with the change of the maximum horizontal stress from ENE–WSW through NW–SE to NNE–SSW.This study underscored that a detailed study combining remote sensing lineament analysis,field structural surveys,and paleostress analysis could integrate and improve previously proposed methods for the selection of deep geological repositories.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.82472554 and 82202449)the Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(grant no.JYYQ006)the Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery(grant no.22MC1940300).
文摘Fibrosis is a pathological outcome of a dysregulated repair response to injury,which can occur in any organ and have devastating effects on hundreds of millions of patients worldwide.However,challenges remain in delineating the complex and dynamic network regulating fibrosis,as well as translating this information into effective anti-fibrotic treatments.A comprehensive understanding of existing methodologies and the development of new research tools are essential for ensuring the transferability of findings from bench to bedside.In this review,we present a framework consisting of a large biospecimen repository that integrates diverse patient cohorts with corresponding clinical data,and a systematic research platform incorporating multiple layers of experimental strategies,primarily focused on skin fibrosis.We summarize current advancements and the applications of various tools for preclinical fibrosis research and examine the limitations of traditional methods used to simulate and investigate biomechanical signals in the fibrotic environment.Importantly,we highlight the strengths of research techniques and translational approaches of varying physiological relevance developed by us over the past decade.Collectively,we emphasize a trend toward more faithfully replicating the functional,structural,and biological complexity of fibrosis while providing high spatio-temporal control over soluble cues and intricate interactions.Our comprehensive overview of methodology paves the way for minimizing batch-to-batch variation and improving the reproducibility of experimental systems.
基金The Advanced University Action Plan of the Minis-try of Education of China (2004XD-03).
文摘An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontology and user ontology, and evaluated from its function and implementation; then the corresponding class diagram, resource description framework （RDF） schema and extensible markup language （XML） schema are given. Secondly, the metadata for online learning resource repository management is proposed based on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and the IEEE Learning Technologies Standards Committee Learning Object Metadata Working Group. Finally, the inference instance is shown, which proves the validity of ontology and metadata in online learning resource repository management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41604104,41674077 and 41404057)PRC High-level Radioactive Waste Geological Disposal Project([2014] No.1578)+2 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology(Tongji University)(MGK1704)Jiangxi Province Youth Science Fund(No.20171BAB213031)Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Doctors of East China University of Technology(DHBK201403)
文摘Geophysical inversion under different stabilizers has different descriptions of the target body boundary,especially in complex geological structures.In this paper,we present an extremum boundary inversion algorithm based on different stabilizers for electrical interface recognition.Firstly,we use the smoothest and minimum-support stabilizing functional to study the applicability of adaptive regularization inversion algorithm.Then,an electrical interface recognition method based on different stabilizers is developed by introducing extremum boundary inversion algorithm.The testing shows that the adaptive regularization inversion method does work for different stabilizers and has a low dependence on the initial models.The ratio of the smooth and focusing upper and lower boundaries obtained using the extremum boundary inversion algorithm can clearly demarcate electrical interfaces.We apply the inversion algorithm to the magnetotelluric(MT)data collected from a preselected area of a high-level-waste clay-rock repository site in the Tamusu area.We recognized regional structures with smooth inversion and the local details with focusing inversion and determined the thickness of the target layer combined with the geological and drilling information,which meets the requirement for the site of the high-level waste clay-rock repository.
基金This project is financially suported by the State"863 Plan"(No.2002AA331112)
文摘The non-linear relationship between parameters of rapidly solidified agingprocesses and mechancal and electrical properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy is available by using asupervised artificial neural network (ANN). A knowledge repository of rapidly solidified agingprocesses is established via sufficient data learning by the network. The predicted values of theneural network are in accordance with the tested data. So an effective measure for foreseeing andcontrolling the properties of the processing is provided.
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1503200)the Nuclear Waste Geological Disposal Project([2013]727)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41790463 and 41730425)the Spark Program of Earthquake Sciences of CEA(XH18063Y)the Special Fund of GEC of CEA(YFGEC2017003,SFGEC2014006).
文摘In order to research whether it is suitable to set a geological disposal repository for high-level radioactive nuclear waste into one target granite body,two active source seismic profles were arranged near a small town named Tamusu,Western China.The study area is with complex surface conditions,thus the seismic exploration encountered a variettraveltimey of technical difculties such as crossing obstacles,de-noising harmful scattered waves,and building complex near-surface velocity models.In order to address those problems,techniques including cross-obstacle seismic geometry design,angle-domain harmful scattered noise removal,and an acoustic wave equation-based inversion method jointly utilizing both the and waveform of frst arrival waves were adopted.The fnal seismic images clearly exhibit the target rock’s unconformable contact boundary and its top interface beneath the sedimentary and weathered layers.On this basis,it could be confrmed that the target rock is not thin or has been transported by geological process from somewhere else,but a native and massive rock.There are a few small size fractures whose space distribution could be revealed by seismic images within the rock.The fractures should be kept away.Based on current research,it could be considered that active source seismic exploration is demanded during the sitting process of the geological disposal repository for nuclear waste.The seismic acquisition and processing techniques proposed in the present paper would ofer a good reference value for similar researches in the future.
基金the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China(2018YFD1000104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#31872063)+4 种基金the Special Support Program of Guangdong Province(2019TX05N193)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Key Project(201804020063)the Innovation Team Project of the Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2016KCXTD011)the Key Areas of Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2018B020202011)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2016ZT06S172)。
文摘Small RNAs(sRNAs)are essential regulatory molecules,and there are three major sRNA classes in plants:microRNAs(miRNAs),phased small interfering RNAs(phased siRNAs or phasiRNAs),and heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs).Excluding miRNAs,the other two classes are not well annotated or available in public databases for most sequenced plant genomes.We performed a comprehensive sRNA annotation of 143 plant species that have fully sequenced genomes and next-generation sequencing sRNA data publicly available.The results are available via an online repository called sRNAanno(www.plantsRNAs.org).Compared with other public plant sRNA databases,we obtained was much more miRNA annotations,which are more complete and reliable because of the consistent and highly stringent criteria used in our miRNA annotations.sRNAanno also provides free access to genomic information for>22,721 PHAS loci and>22 million hc-siRNA loci annotated from these 143 plant species.Both miRNA and PHAS loci can be easily browsed to view their main features,and a collection of archetypal trans-acting siRNA 3(TAS3)genes were annotated separately for quick access.To facilitate the ease of sRNA annotation,sRNAanno provides free service for sRNA annotations to the community.In summary,the sRNAanno database is a great resource to facilitate genomic and genetic research on plant small RNAs.
基金the funding support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
文摘Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGR)to store nuclear wastes.This study investigates the individual and combined effects of different chemical compositions of deep groundwaters(chemical factor)at potential repository sites in Canada(the Trenton and Guelph regions in Ontario),heat generated in DGRs(thermal factor),dry densities and mass ratios of bentonite and sand mixtures(physical factors)on the swelling behavior and ability of bentonite-based materials.In this study,swelling tests are conducted on B/S mixtures with different B/S mix ratios(20/80 to 70/30),compacted at different dry densities(ρd=1.6-2 g/cm^(3)),saturated with different types of water(distilled water and simulated deep groundwater of Trenton and Guelph)and exposed to different temperatures(20℃-80℃).Moreover,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)analyses are carried out to evaluate the morphological,microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the B/S mixtures.The test results indicate that the swelling potential of the B/S mixtures is significantly affected by these physical and chemical factors as well as the combined effects of the chemical and thermal factors.A significant decrease in the swelling capacity is observed when the B/S materials are exposed to the aforementioned groundwaters.A large decrease in the swelling capacity is observed for higher bentonite content in the mixtures.Moreover,higher temperatures intensify the chemically-induced reduction of the swelling capacity of the B/S barrier materials.This decrease in the swelling capacity is caused by the chemical and/or microstructural changes of the materials.The results from this research will help engineers to design and build EBSs for DGRs with similar groundwater and thermal conditions.
文摘The research and development of high-level radioactive waste(HLW)repository is a long-term systematic engineering project.Normally,it involves such stages as foundation study,site selection and assessment,underground research laboratory testing, and the design,construction,operation,and close of the repository.The key issue in repository design
基金supported by Special Funds for the Construction of an Innovative Province of Hunan,No.2020GK2028.
文摘GitHub repository recommendation is a research hotspot in the field of open-source software. The current problemswith the repository recommendation systemare the insufficient utilization of open-source community informationand the fact that the scoring metrics used to calculate the matching degree between developers and repositoriesare developed manually and rely too much on human experience, leading to poor recommendation results. Toaddress these problems, we design a questionnaire to investigate which repository information developers focus onand propose a graph convolutional network-based repository recommendation system (GCNRec). First, to solveinsufficient information utilization in open-source communities, we construct a Developer-Repository networkusing four types of behavioral data that best reflect developers’ programming preferences and extract features ofdevelopers and repositories from the repository content that developers focus on. Then, we design a repositoryrecommendation model based on a multi-layer graph convolutional network to avoid the manual formulation ofscoringmetrics. Thismodel takes the Developer-Repository network, developer features and repository features asinputs, and recommends the top-k repositories that developers are most likely to be interested in by learning theirpreferences. We have verified the proposed GCNRec on the dataset, and by comparing it with other open-sourcerepository recommendation methods, GCNRec achieves higher precision and hit rate.
基金Supported by the Basic Condition Platform of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology-Data Sharing Infrastructure of Earth System Science(2005DKA32300)the Youth Innovation Fund of the State Oceanic Administration(2012621)+2 种基金China Polar Science Strategy Research Fund Project(20120106)the State Oceanic Administration Polar Science Key Lab Open Research Fund(KP201110)Key Laboratory of Digital Ocean,SOA(KLD0201 408)
文摘In order to archive and utilize the information from Chinese polar expeditions to the greatest extent, we design a novel knowledge repository, in which an automatic query model based on neural networks is proposed and a data call trigger is established to keep data consistent between polar data-sharing platforms. And in this repository, anybody can make contributions to the repository by creating or updating entries with version control and an authority control mechanism. In this paper, the data sources,data processes and network structure of this repository are described, and the keywords extraction and decision support operation are detailed. The analysis of this design＇s feasibility and applicability indicates that this knowledge repository is open, sole and authoritative for Chinese polar expeditions.
文摘This paper presents the behavior simulation of high level radioactive waste repository in Beishan granite site which is the most potential one in China.Based on the results from site characterization in Beishan granite site,the conceptual model of repository in this site is proposed and its calculation model is developed with software GoldSim.After verification,this calculation model is applied to simulate the
文摘Temperature is critical to maintaining seed viability under long-term storage conditions. It has been common practice to use refrigeration systems to maintain required storage temperatures. A seed repository constructed in permafrost in Yakutsk, Russia is the first seed storage facility that relies solely on natural cold. This paper describes the design and performance of the cooling system of the repository. An innovative aspect of the cooling system is that it utilizes the patterns of temperature wave propagation in permafrost. Predicted and measured ground temperatures for the first year of operation are presented and analyzed. Results indicate that convection air cooling systems can be used to control the temperature regime in underground facilities in permafrost.
文摘The French National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management (Andra) conducted a site investiga- tions program within the project of a deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in the Meuse/ Haute-Marne region. The construction of the tunnel of 5 Km length and the shafts of about 500 m depth to access the repository located in the clay host formation of Callovo-Oxfordian age, will lead to the perturbations of the groundwater flow fields. The prediction of the behaviour of these perturbations is needed to support: 1) the engineering and monitoring operations, and 2) the assessment of the consequences on groundwater resources. A variably-saturated flow model of a local multi-layered aquifer system is developed. It integrates the Oxfordian aquifer (limestone), the Kimmeridgianaquitard (marl) and the Barrois limestone aquifer including the karst conduits network. The variably-saturated flow Richard’s equation is solved with a finite element simulator. Prior to the simulation of the predictive repository impacts, a transient flow model is calibrated with respect to Underground Research Laboratory (URL) construction data. The results are analysed and evaluated by the use of performance measures.
