Mountainous areas are the priority for forest restoration in semiarid regions,with hillslopes serving as the basic units of mountains.Precipitation is the only water source in these regions,and the uneven distribution...Mountainous areas are the priority for forest restoration in semiarid regions,with hillslopes serving as the basic units of mountains.Precipitation is the only water source in these regions,and the uneven distribution of hillslope soil moisture replenishment after precipitation determines vegetation survival and growth.Therefore,in this study experiments were performed on a hillslope in the Liupan Mountains,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,to quantify the unevenness of soil moisture replenishment.Soil water content(SWC)in the 0–60 cm layer and precipitation were monitored throughout the growing season in 2020 and 2021.The results showed that(1)Annual soil moisture replenishment was the highest at the mid-slope position,with an average of 309.9 mm,especially under moderate and heavy rain grade conditions,reaching 38.7% and 30.8% of the total replenishment,respectively;(2)Vertical replenishment played a dominant role in the total replenishment,accounting for 82.8%;lateral replenishment played an important but lesser role,accounting for up to 17.2% of the total replenishment;(3)Based on a soil moisture replenishment model established in this study,the maximal replenishment occurred at 90 m from the top of the slope;(4)The dominant factors contributing to the soil moisture replenishment were rainfall amount and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks).These findings suggest that attention should be given to both vertical and lateral soil moisture replenishment,and the mid-slope position could be preferred for site selection to achieve precise and integrated forest-water management on hillslopes in semi-arid mountainous regions.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis presents considerable advantages in green hydrogen production.Nevertheless,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts in PEM water electrolysis currently encounter several ...Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis presents considerable advantages in green hydrogen production.Nevertheless,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts in PEM water electrolysis currently encounter several pressing challenges,including high noble metal loading,low mass activity,and inadequate durability,which impede their practical application and commercialization.Here we report a self-constructed layered catalyst for acidic OER by directly using an Ir–Ta-based metallic glass as the matrix,featuring a nanoporous IrO_(2) surface formed in situ on the amorphous IrTaO_(x) nanostructure during OER.This distinctive architecture significantly enhances the accessibility and utilization of Ir,achieving a high mass activity of 1.06 A mg_(Ir)^(−1) at a 300 mV overpotential,13.6 and 31.2 times greater than commercial Ir/C and IrO_(2),respectively.The catalyst also exhibits superb stability under industrial-relevant current densities in acid,indicating its potential for practical uses.Our analyses reveal that the coordinated nature of the surface-active Ir species is effectively modulated through electronic interaction between Ir and Ta,preventing them from rapidly evolving into high valence states and suppressing the lattice oxygen participation.Furthermore,the underlying IrTaO_(x) dynamically replenishes the depletion of surface-active sites through inward crystallization and selective dissolution,thereby ensuring the catalyst’s long-term durability.展开更多
This study presents a two-echelon inventory routing problem (2E-IRP) with an end-of-tour replenishment (ETR) policy whose distribution network consists of a supplier, several distribution centers (DCs) and several ret...This study presents a two-echelon inventory routing problem (2E-IRP) with an end-of-tour replenishment (ETR) policy whose distribution network consists of a supplier, several distribution centers (DCs) and several retailers on a multi-period planning horizon. A formulation of the problem based on vehicle indices is proposed in the form of a mixed integer linear program (MILP). The mathematical model of the problem is solved using a branch and cut (B&C) algorithm. The results of the tests are compared to the results of a branch and price (B&P) algorithm from the literature on 2E-IRP with a classical distribution policy. The results of the tests show that the B&C algorithm solves 197 out of 200 instances (98.5%). The comparison of the B&C and B&P results shows that 185 best solutions are obtained with the B&C algorithm on 197 instances (93.9%). Overall, the B&C algorithm achieves cost reductions ranging from 0.26% to 41.44% compared to the classic 2E-IRP results solved with the B&P algorithm, with an overall average reduction of 18.08%.展开更多
In order to let suppliers monitor customers＇ inventory levels and make supply decisions regarding order quantities and delivery time, an integrated continuous replenishment planning （CRP） strategy of fresh food ori...In order to let suppliers monitor customers＇ inventory levels and make supply decisions regarding order quantities and delivery time, an integrated continuous replenishment planning （CRP） strategy of fresh food oriented to retail industry is presented, which integrates the consolidation of shipment and inventory replenishment considering the deterioration of items to guarantee the quality safety of fresh food during the replenishment cycle. A vendor managed inventory （VMI） mathematical model to compute upper-level inventory and delivery cycle is built. Based on the real-time sales data exchange, it enables suppliers to make the decision of the optimal time and the quantities of replenishment for retailers during a delivery cycle, in order to replenish the consumers＇ stock initiatively and minimize the long-run average cost.展开更多
In order to let the supplier make more reasonable supply decisions,an integrated continuous replenishment policy for the vendor-managed inventory system is presented,which considers the quantity-based shipment consoli...In order to let the supplier make more reasonable supply decisions,an integrated continuous replenishment policy for the vendor-managed inventory system is presented,which considers the quantity-based shipment consolidation and stock replenishment with lead time.Then the system cost is analyzed and a mathematical model is built.Since the model is rather complex,the bounds of the optimal policy are first attained,then the problem is solved by a heuristic algorithm.Through experiments the relationship between the order lead time and the corresponding integrated policy is discussed,and the influence on the system cost is also analyzed.The results reveal that the lead time's influence on the system is more serious with the increase of the order lead time,the integrated policy with the order lead time is more reasonable and the optimal policy can minimize the total system cost.Finally,the parameter sensitivity of the model is analyzed.展开更多
In order to minimize the total cost of the retailer, an optimal replenishment cycle is studied by considering the deteriorating product, two-level trade credits, the limited storage capacity of their own warehouse and...In order to minimize the total cost of the retailer, an optimal replenishment cycle is studied by considering the deteriorating product, two-level trade credits, the limited storage capacity of their own warehouse and credit-linked order quantity simultaneously. A two-echelon supply chain model, which consists of a supplier and a retailer, is established. Then, the retailer＇s optimal replenishment cycle under all the cases are derived by using the optimization theory and method. On the basis of these, the effects of system parameters on the optimal replenishment cycle are examined by using the numerical studies. The results show that, when the retailer＇s trade credit period is longer （shorter） than the customer＇s trade credit period, the optimal replenishment cycle should he increased （decreased） as the retailer＇s trade credit period increases; if the minimum order quantity is high （low）, the optimal replenishment cycle should be increased （not changed） as the minimum order quantity increases.展开更多
To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode,this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs,unloadin...To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode,this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs,unloading costs,transport costs and the costs caused by unpunctual distribution.Based on discrete representation,the working day is divided into equal time intervals,and the truck distribution process is decomposed into a pair of tasks including driving,standby,rest,loading and unloading.Each truck must execute one task during a single interval,and the currently executing task is closely related to the preceding and subsequent tasks.By accounting for predictive time-varying sales at petrol stations,real-time road congestion and a series of operational constraints,the proposed model produces the optimal truck dispatch,namely,a detailed task assignment for all trucks during each time interval.The model is tested on a real-world case of a replenishment system comprising eight highway petrol stations,one depot,one garage and eight trucks to demonstrate its applicability and accuracy.展开更多
A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub...A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub is formulated from the angle of the manufacturer, and the optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal inventory levels is given. The result shows that liability period decides the share of the inventory cost between two sides in supply chain. With the increase of liability period, the service level has been quickly reduced even though the manufacturer's cost has been cut down by transferring the inventory cost to the supplier. As to the safety inventory, if the lower bound of components safety inventory increases, the supplier's cost will rise up more slowly than the liability period does, while the service levels increases as the safety inventory's lower bound is raised.展开更多
Various petrographic features and geochemical characteristics indicative of disequilibrium are preserved in plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic to andesitic lavas in East Junggar, northwest China. These characterist...Various petrographic features and geochemical characteristics indicative of disequilibrium are preserved in plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic to andesitic lavas in East Junggar, northwest China. These characteristics indicate that they crystallized in a magma chamber, which was replenished by less differentiated and high-temperature magmas. The petrographic and geochemical features of the plagioclase phenocrysts are interpreted to record responses to changes in temperature, composition and mechanical effect during magma replenishment. Distinct rare earth element(REE) patterns between cores and rims of the same plagioclase crystal suggest derivation from two end-member magmas. From core to rim, plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display sharp fluctuations of anorthite(An) content up to 20, which either correspond to reverse zoning associated with ovoidal cores and resorption surface(PI), or normal zoning with euhedral form and no resorption surface(P2). Plagioclase crystals with diverse textures and remarkably different An content coexist on the scale of a thin-section. Cores of these plagioclases in each sample display a bimodal distribution of An content. From core to rim in PI, concentrations o f FeOT and Sr increase remarkably as An content increases. During magma replenishment, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the andesitic magma, which were immersed into hotter and less differentiated magmas, were heated and resorbed to form ovoidal cores, and then were overgrown by a thin rim with much higher contents of An, FeO^T and Sr. However, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the basaltic magma were injected into cooler and more evolved magmas, and were remained as euhedral cores, which were later enclosed by oscillatory zoned rims with much lower contents of An, Sr and Ba.展开更多
Missing early aftershocks following relatively large or moderate earthquakes can cause significant bias in the analysis of seismic catalogs.In this paper,we systematically address the aftershock missing problem for fi...Missing early aftershocks following relatively large or moderate earthquakes can cause significant bias in the analysis of seismic catalogs.In this paper,we systematically address the aftershock missing problem for five earthquake sequences associated with moderate-size events that occurred inland Japan,by using a stochastic replenishing method.The method is based on the notion that if a point process(e.g.,earthquake sequence)with timeindependent marks(e.g.,magnitudes)is completely observed,it can be transformed into a homogeneous Poisson process by a bi-scale empirical transformation.We use the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)earthquake catalog to select the aftershock data and replenish the missing early events using the later complete part of each aftershock sequence.The time windows for each sequence span from 6 months before the mainshock to three months after.The semi-automatic spatial selection uses a clustering method for the epicentral selection of earthquakes.The results obtained for the original JMA catalog and replenished datasets are compared to get insight into the biases that the missing early aftershocks may cause on the Omori-Utsu law parameters’estimation,characterizing the aftershock decay with time from the mainshock.We have also compared the Omori-Utsu law parameter estimates for two datasets following the same mainshock;the first dataset is the replenished sequence,while the second dataset has been obtained by waveform-based analysis to detect early aftershocks that are not recorded in the JMA catalog.Our results demonstrate that the Omori-Utsu law parameters estimated for the replenished datasets are robust with respect to the threshold magnitude used for the analyzed datasets.Even when using aftershock time windows as short as three days,the replenished datasets provide stable Omori-Utsu law parameter estimations.The p-values for all the analyzed sequences are about 1.1 and c-values are significantly smaller compared to those of original datasets.Our findings prove that the replenishment method is a fast,reliable approach to address the missing aftershock problem.展开更多
A practical stochastic location-inventory-delivery problem with multi-item joint replenishment is studied.Unlike the conventional location-inventory model with a continuous-review(r,Q)inventory policy,the periodic-rev...A practical stochastic location-inventory-delivery problem with multi-item joint replenishment is studied.Unlike the conventional location-inventory model with a continuous-review(r,Q)inventory policy,the periodic-review inventory policy is adopted with multi-item joint replenishment under stochastic demand,and the coordinated delivery cost is considered.The proposed model considers the integrated optimization of strategic,tactical,and operational decisions by simultaneously determining(a)the number and location of distribution centers(DCs)to be opened,(b)the assignment of retailers to DCs,(c)the frequency and cycle interval of replenishment and delivery,and(d)the safety stock level for each item.An intelligent algorithm based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)and adaptive differential evolution(ADE)is proposed to address this complex problem.Numerical experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage PSO-ADE algorithm.A sensitivity analysis is presented to reveal interesting insights that can guide managers in making reasonable decisions.展开更多
Motion responses of two ships advancing parallel in waves with hydrodynamic interactions are investigated in this paper. Within the framework of the frequency-domain potential flow theory, a semi-analytical higher-ord...Motion responses of two ships advancing parallel in waves with hydrodynamic interactions are investigated in this paper. Within the framework of the frequency-domain potential flow theory, a semi-analytical higher-order translating-pulsating source(HOTP) method is presented to solve the problems of coupled radiation and diffraction potential. The method employs nine-node bi-quadratic curvilinear elements to discretize the boundary integral equations(BIEs) constructed over the mean wetted surface of the two ship hulls. In order to eliminate the numerical oscillation, analytical quadrature formulas are derived and adopted to evaluate the integrals related to the Froudedependent part of the Green’s function along the horizontal direction in the BIEs. Based on the method, a numerical program is originally coded. Through the calculations of hydrodynamic responses of single ships, the numerical implementation is proved successful. Then the validated program is applied in the investigations on the hydrodynamic interactions of two identical Wigley Ⅲ hulls and the underway replenishment of a frigate and a supply ship in waves with and without stagger, respectively. The comparison between the present computed results with experimental data and numerical solutions of other methods shows that the semi-analytical HOTP method is of higher accuracy than the pulsating source Green’s function method with speed correction and better stability than the traditional HOTP method based on Gauss quadrature. In addition, for two ships with obviously different dimensions,the influence of hydrodynamic interactions on the smaller ship is found to be more noticeable than that on the larger ship, which leads to the differences between the motions of frigate with and without the presence of supply ship.展开更多
Fast fashion is a commercial pattern which provides fashionable clothes at affordable price.This mode needs rapid response supply chain to respond to varying fashion trends.New styles are introduced in every sale peri...Fast fashion is a commercial pattern which provides fashionable clothes at affordable price.This mode needs rapid response supply chain to respond to varying fashion trends.New styles are introduced in every sale period to cover fashion trends.In order to maximize profits,replenishment quantity of each style should be decided in every period.The purchasing and replenishing process over multiple periods based on uncertainty customer demand is modeled,which is formulated by a stochastic choice process.Heterogeneous consumers visit a store in a stochastic sequence and choosing dynamically from the available fashion styles(buy or not buy) according to a utility maximization criterion.The purchase process in a retail shop for multi-period is simulated.An algorithm which combines simulated anneal(SA) with gradient estimation is proposed to find the optimal replenishing strategy from the simulation program.展开更多
To encourage retailers to form cooperative alliances to jointly replenish inventory,considering that the supplier provides a flexible lead time and quantity discount to retailers,a model of average total cost per unit...To encourage retailers to form cooperative alliances to jointly replenish inventory,considering that the supplier provides a flexible lead time and quantity discount to retailers,a model of average total cost per unit time of periodic joint replenishment is constructed,and an approximate algorithm,which can satisfy the requirement of any given precision,is given.The cost allocation rule in the core of the joint replenishment game is designed based on the cooperative game theory.The numerical experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly solve the joint replenishment problem when the item number is not greater than 640.The retailer's cost saving rate is always greater than 0,and it increases with the increase in quantity discount and fixed cost after adopting the given cost allocation rule.With the increase in the safety stock level,the retailer's cost saving rate increases first and then decreases;and the retailer's cost saving rate increases with the increase in the size of the alliance,but it decreases as the number of product category increases.The proposed cost allocation rule can reduce the retailer's cost up to 20%,which is conducive to forming a cooperative coalition.展开更多
Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-trans...Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-transferring price and the floor area ratio(FAR) of residential land, which represented the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on the two dimensions of market regulation and fiscal replenishment, this paper also established an analytical framework for the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. The results showed that the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning decreased with the expansion of urban scale and that the weaker the market regulation and the stronger the land finance dependence, the weaker the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on this, this paper proposed that local governments should strengthen the scientificity and openness of regulatory detailed planning, institutionally resolve the predicament due to fiscal decentralization, and reduce the dependence on land transfer income.展开更多
We reported previously the idea to improve reflection-ability of a magnetic mirror by installing a cyclotron resonance space in the front part of the mirror. However, since the previous analysis was insufficient from ...We reported previously the idea to improve reflection-ability of a magnetic mirror by installing a cyclotron resonance space in the front part of the mirror. However, since the previous analysis was insufficient from the examination after that, we complement the following two things in this work: 1) A simpler procedure of design to make a supplemental magnetic mirror with the simplest magnetic configuration, compared with the procedure reported previously. 2) A peculiar characteristic arising only in reflection of a nonrelativistic charged particle (a deuteron ion).展开更多
In general, a supplier/retailer frequently offer trade credit to stimulate their respective sales. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal supplier/retailer’s replenishment decisions under two le...In general, a supplier/retailer frequently offer trade credit to stimulate their respective sales. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal supplier/retailer’s replenishment decisions under two levels of trade credit policy within the economic order quantity (EOQ) framework. This paper deals with the supplier/retailer’s inventory replenishment problem under two levels of trade credit in one replenishment cycle. A different approach of two levels of trade credit is used, which give more freedom to the supplier/retailer in business. In addition, the easy-to-use procedure is developed to efficiently find the optimal cycle time for the retailer under minimizing annual total relevant cost. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate these results.展开更多
Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular and cellular damage,leading to disrupted bone homeostasis and reduced osteogenic potential.Mitochondrial dysfunction,a hallmark of aging,results in e...Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular and cellular damage,leading to disrupted bone homeostasis and reduced osteogenic potential.Mitochondrial dysfunction,a hallmark of aging,results in elevated reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential,which significantly impairs osteogenesis of osteoprogenitors cells.Inspired by the naturally occurring intercellular mitochondria transfer during tissue healing process,which activates and enhances cellular reparative functions,this study investigated whether mitochondria replenishment could restore osteogenic capacity of aged human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs)and promote bone defect repair.Our findings demonstrate that mitochondria replenishment effectively restores mitochondrial function,enhances osteogenic differentiation of aged hPDLSCs,as well as facilitates bone defect repair in vivo.Mechanistically,mitochondria supplementation upregulates the mitochondrial anchoring protein A-kinase anchoring protein 1(AKAP1)and activates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in mitochondria-receipient hPDLSCs.This study underscores the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial supplementation in reversing aging-related impairments in hPDLSCs and identifies the AKAP1-regulated cAMP/PKA pathway as a key mechanism.These findings offer a promising strategy for overcoming aging-associated challenges in bone regeneration.展开更多
Ecological water replenishment(EWR)is an important strategy for river restoration globally,but timely evaluation of its ecological effects at a large spatiotemporal scale to further adjust the EWR schemes is of great ...Ecological water replenishment(EWR)is an important strategy for river restoration globally,but timely evaluation of its ecological effects at a large spatiotemporal scale to further adjust the EWR schemes is of great challenge.Here,we examine the impact of EWR on microeukaryotic plankton communities in three distinct river ecosystems through environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding.The three ecosystems include a long-term cut-off river,a short-term connected river after EWR,and long-term connected rivers.We analyzed community stability by investigating species composition,stochastic and deterministic dynamics interplay,and ecological network robustness.We found that EWR markedly reduced the diversity and complexity of microeukaryotic plankton,altered their community dynamics,and lessened the variation within the community.Moreover,EWR disrupted the deterministic patterns of community organization,favoring dispersal constraints,and aligning with trends observed in naturally connected rivers.The shift from an isolated to a temporarily connected river appeared to transition community structuring mechanisms from deterministic to stochastic dominance,whereas,in permanently connected rivers,both forces concurrently influenced community assembly.The ecological network in temporarily connected rivers post-EWR demonstrated significantly greater stability and intricacy compared to other river systems.This shift markedly bolstered the resilience of the ecological network.The eDNA metabarcoding insights offer a novel understanding of ecosystem resilience under EWR interventions,which could be critical in assessing the effects of river restoration projects throughout their life cycle.展开更多
This paper addresses the issues of replenishment and pricing of vegetable commodities in fresh food supermarkets.By analyzing sales data and loss rate data,mathematical models are established to solve the following pr...This paper addresses the issues of replenishment and pricing of vegetable commodities in fresh food supermarkets.By analyzing sales data and loss rate data,mathematical models are established to solve the following problems.Spearman correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods are employed.Firstly,data preprocessing is conducted by excluding returned vegetable products from a certain supermarket’s distribution,and then integrating sales transaction details and wholesale price-related data.Secondly,monthly data is used to succinctly present the sales distribution patterns of various categories and individual items of vegetables through line charts.Finally,the models of Spearman correlation analysis and cluster analysis are respectively applied to illustrate the relationship between the sales volume of 6 major categories of vegetables and 251 individual items.Linear regression models,time series analysis,and XG-Boost regression analysis models are used.This paper requires replenishment plans to be made by category,analyzing the relationship between the total sales volume and cost-plus pricing of various vegetable categories.Firstly,a linear regression model is applied to fit historical sales volume and cost-plus pricing,resulting in a linear functional relationship,indicating that only the sales volume of tomatoes is negatively correlated with cost-plus pricing.Based on historical sales data,the daily replenishment total for each vegetable category within the next week is predicted.Predictive models and time series analysis are employed.Meanwhile,for pricing strategies,the XGBoost algorithm is utilized to provide reasonable pricing strategies.Based on the optimal solution,replenishment plans and pricing strategies for the next week are formulated to ensure the maximization of sales revenue objectives.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2021ZW002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1300404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2005)。
文摘Mountainous areas are the priority for forest restoration in semiarid regions,with hillslopes serving as the basic units of mountains.Precipitation is the only water source in these regions,and the uneven distribution of hillslope soil moisture replenishment after precipitation determines vegetation survival and growth.Therefore,in this study experiments were performed on a hillslope in the Liupan Mountains,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,to quantify the unevenness of soil moisture replenishment.Soil water content(SWC)in the 0–60 cm layer and precipitation were monitored throughout the growing season in 2020 and 2021.The results showed that(1)Annual soil moisture replenishment was the highest at the mid-slope position,with an average of 309.9 mm,especially under moderate and heavy rain grade conditions,reaching 38.7% and 30.8% of the total replenishment,respectively;(2)Vertical replenishment played a dominant role in the total replenishment,accounting for 82.8%;lateral replenishment played an important but lesser role,accounting for up to 17.2% of the total replenishment;(3)Based on a soil moisture replenishment model established in this study,the maximal replenishment occurred at 90 m from the top of the slope;(4)The dominant factors contributing to the soil moisture replenishment were rainfall amount and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks).These findings suggest that attention should be given to both vertical and lateral soil moisture replenishment,and the mid-slope position could be preferred for site selection to achieve precise and integrated forest-water management on hillslopes in semi-arid mountainous regions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101202,52071024)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.51921001)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3707103)the Gusu Leading Talents Program(No.ZXL2021206)the Basic Research Program of Taicang(No.TC2023JC29)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of China,GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,and State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials(No.2024-Z11).
文摘Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis presents considerable advantages in green hydrogen production.Nevertheless,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts in PEM water electrolysis currently encounter several pressing challenges,including high noble metal loading,low mass activity,and inadequate durability,which impede their practical application and commercialization.Here we report a self-constructed layered catalyst for acidic OER by directly using an Ir–Ta-based metallic glass as the matrix,featuring a nanoporous IrO_(2) surface formed in situ on the amorphous IrTaO_(x) nanostructure during OER.This distinctive architecture significantly enhances the accessibility and utilization of Ir,achieving a high mass activity of 1.06 A mg_(Ir)^(−1) at a 300 mV overpotential,13.6 and 31.2 times greater than commercial Ir/C and IrO_(2),respectively.The catalyst also exhibits superb stability under industrial-relevant current densities in acid,indicating its potential for practical uses.Our analyses reveal that the coordinated nature of the surface-active Ir species is effectively modulated through electronic interaction between Ir and Ta,preventing them from rapidly evolving into high valence states and suppressing the lattice oxygen participation.Furthermore,the underlying IrTaO_(x) dynamically replenishes the depletion of surface-active sites through inward crystallization and selective dissolution,thereby ensuring the catalyst’s long-term durability.
文摘This study presents a two-echelon inventory routing problem (2E-IRP) with an end-of-tour replenishment (ETR) policy whose distribution network consists of a supplier, several distribution centers (DCs) and several retailers on a multi-period planning horizon. A formulation of the problem based on vehicle indices is proposed in the form of a mixed integer linear program (MILP). The mathematical model of the problem is solved using a branch and cut (B&C) algorithm. The results of the tests are compared to the results of a branch and price (B&P) algorithm from the literature on 2E-IRP with a classical distribution policy. The results of the tests show that the B&C algorithm solves 197 out of 200 instances (98.5%). The comparison of the B&C and B&P results shows that 185 best solutions are obtained with the B&C algorithm on 197 instances (93.9%). Overall, the B&C algorithm achieves cost reductions ranging from 0.26% to 41.44% compared to the classic 2E-IRP results solved with the B&P algorithm, with an overall average reduction of 18.08%.
文摘In order to let suppliers monitor customers＇ inventory levels and make supply decisions regarding order quantities and delivery time, an integrated continuous replenishment planning （CRP） strategy of fresh food oriented to retail industry is presented, which integrates the consolidation of shipment and inventory replenishment considering the deterioration of items to guarantee the quality safety of fresh food during the replenishment cycle. A vendor managed inventory （VMI） mathematical model to compute upper-level inventory and delivery cycle is built. Based on the real-time sales data exchange, it enables suppliers to make the decision of the optimal time and the quantities of replenishment for retailers during a delivery cycle, in order to replenish the consumers＇ stock initiatively and minimize the long-run average cost.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11 th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘In order to let the supplier make more reasonable supply decisions,an integrated continuous replenishment policy for the vendor-managed inventory system is presented,which considers the quantity-based shipment consolidation and stock replenishment with lead time.Then the system cost is analyzed and a mathematical model is built.Since the model is rather complex,the bounds of the optimal policy are first attained,then the problem is solved by a heuristic algorithm.Through experiments the relationship between the order lead time and the corresponding integrated policy is discussed,and the influence on the system cost is also analyzed.The results reveal that the lead time's influence on the system is more serious with the increase of the order lead time,the integrated policy with the order lead time is more reasonable and the optimal policy can minimize the total system cost.Finally,the parameter sensitivity of the model is analyzed.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71371003,71001025,71390333)
文摘In order to minimize the total cost of the retailer, an optimal replenishment cycle is studied by considering the deteriorating product, two-level trade credits, the limited storage capacity of their own warehouse and credit-linked order quantity simultaneously. A two-echelon supply chain model, which consists of a supplier and a retailer, is established. Then, the retailer＇s optimal replenishment cycle under all the cases are derived by using the optimization theory and method. On the basis of these, the effects of system parameters on the optimal replenishment cycle are examined by using the numerical studies. The results show that, when the retailer＇s trade credit period is longer （shorter） than the customer＇s trade credit period, the optimal replenishment cycle should he increased （decreased） as the retailer＇s trade credit period increases; if the minimum order quantity is high （low）, the optimal replenishment cycle should be increased （not changed） as the minimum order quantity increases.
基金This work was part of the Program of“Study on Optimization and Supply side Reliability of Oil Product Supply Chain Logistics System”funded under the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 51874325.The authors are grateful to all study participants.
文摘To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode,this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs,unloading costs,transport costs and the costs caused by unpunctual distribution.Based on discrete representation,the working day is divided into equal time intervals,and the truck distribution process is decomposed into a pair of tasks including driving,standby,rest,loading and unloading.Each truck must execute one task during a single interval,and the currently executing task is closely related to the preceding and subsequent tasks.By accounting for predictive time-varying sales at petrol stations,real-time road congestion and a series of operational constraints,the proposed model produces the optimal truck dispatch,namely,a detailed task assignment for all trucks during each time interval.The model is tested on a real-world case of a replenishment system comprising eight highway petrol stations,one depot,one garage and eight trucks to demonstrate its applicability and accuracy.
基金Projects(71102174,70971036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(9123028) supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China+3 种基金Project(20111101120019) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(11JGC106) supported by the Beijing Philosophy&Social Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(NCET-10-0048,NCET-10-0043) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of ChinaProject(2010YC1307) supported by the Excellent Young Teacher in Beijing Institute of Technology of China
文摘A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub is formulated from the angle of the manufacturer, and the optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal inventory levels is given. The result shows that liability period decides the share of the inventory cost between two sides in supply chain. With the increase of liability period, the service level has been quickly reduced even though the manufacturer's cost has been cut down by transferring the inventory cost to the supplier. As to the safety inventory, if the lower bound of components safety inventory increases, the supplier's cost will rise up more slowly than the liability period does, while the service levels increases as the safety inventory's lower bound is raised.
基金financial support by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41573030, 41503024)the Geological Survey Program from China Geological Survey (No. DD20190518)
文摘Various petrographic features and geochemical characteristics indicative of disequilibrium are preserved in plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic to andesitic lavas in East Junggar, northwest China. These characteristics indicate that they crystallized in a magma chamber, which was replenished by less differentiated and high-temperature magmas. The petrographic and geochemical features of the plagioclase phenocrysts are interpreted to record responses to changes in temperature, composition and mechanical effect during magma replenishment. Distinct rare earth element(REE) patterns between cores and rims of the same plagioclase crystal suggest derivation from two end-member magmas. From core to rim, plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display sharp fluctuations of anorthite(An) content up to 20, which either correspond to reverse zoning associated with ovoidal cores and resorption surface(PI), or normal zoning with euhedral form and no resorption surface(P2). Plagioclase crystals with diverse textures and remarkably different An content coexist on the scale of a thin-section. Cores of these plagioclases in each sample display a bimodal distribution of An content. From core to rim in PI, concentrations o f FeOT and Sr increase remarkably as An content increases. During magma replenishment, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the andesitic magma, which were immersed into hotter and less differentiated magmas, were heated and resorbed to form ovoidal cores, and then were overgrown by a thin rim with much higher contents of An, FeO^T and Sr. However, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the basaltic magma were injected into cooler and more evolved magmas, and were remained as euhedral cores, which were later enclosed by oscillatory zoned rims with much lower contents of An, Sr and Ba.
基金Bogdan Enescu is grateful to the Executive Agency for Higher Education,Research,Development and Innovation Funding(UEFISCDI),Romania,through the project PNIII-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1361,119 PCE/2021(AFROS)for support.Jiancang Zhuang was supported by MEXT Project for Seismology toward Research Innovation with Data of Earthquake(STAR-E)Grant Number JPJ010217.
文摘Missing early aftershocks following relatively large or moderate earthquakes can cause significant bias in the analysis of seismic catalogs.In this paper,we systematically address the aftershock missing problem for five earthquake sequences associated with moderate-size events that occurred inland Japan,by using a stochastic replenishing method.The method is based on the notion that if a point process(e.g.,earthquake sequence)with timeindependent marks(e.g.,magnitudes)is completely observed,it can be transformed into a homogeneous Poisson process by a bi-scale empirical transformation.We use the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)earthquake catalog to select the aftershock data and replenish the missing early events using the later complete part of each aftershock sequence.The time windows for each sequence span from 6 months before the mainshock to three months after.The semi-automatic spatial selection uses a clustering method for the epicentral selection of earthquakes.The results obtained for the original JMA catalog and replenished datasets are compared to get insight into the biases that the missing early aftershocks may cause on the Omori-Utsu law parameters’estimation,characterizing the aftershock decay with time from the mainshock.We have also compared the Omori-Utsu law parameter estimates for two datasets following the same mainshock;the first dataset is the replenished sequence,while the second dataset has been obtained by waveform-based analysis to detect early aftershocks that are not recorded in the JMA catalog.Our results demonstrate that the Omori-Utsu law parameters estimated for the replenished datasets are robust with respect to the threshold magnitude used for the analyzed datasets.Even when using aftershock time windows as short as three days,the replenished datasets provide stable Omori-Utsu law parameter estimations.The p-values for all the analyzed sequences are about 1.1 and c-values are significantly smaller compared to those of original datasets.Our findings prove that the replenishment method is a fast,reliable approach to address the missing aftershock problem.
基金partially supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:20&ZD126).
文摘A practical stochastic location-inventory-delivery problem with multi-item joint replenishment is studied.Unlike the conventional location-inventory model with a continuous-review(r,Q)inventory policy,the periodic-review inventory policy is adopted with multi-item joint replenishment under stochastic demand,and the coordinated delivery cost is considered.The proposed model considers the integrated optimization of strategic,tactical,and operational decisions by simultaneously determining(a)the number and location of distribution centers(DCs)to be opened,(b)the assignment of retailers to DCs,(c)the frequency and cycle interval of replenishment and delivery,and(d)the safety stock level for each item.An intelligent algorithm based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)and adaptive differential evolution(ADE)is proposed to address this complex problem.Numerical experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage PSO-ADE algorithm.A sensitivity analysis is presented to reveal interesting insights that can guide managers in making reasonable decisions.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52101357)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.21KJB580012)the Scientific Research Start-up Fund of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology.
文摘Motion responses of two ships advancing parallel in waves with hydrodynamic interactions are investigated in this paper. Within the framework of the frequency-domain potential flow theory, a semi-analytical higher-order translating-pulsating source(HOTP) method is presented to solve the problems of coupled radiation and diffraction potential. The method employs nine-node bi-quadratic curvilinear elements to discretize the boundary integral equations(BIEs) constructed over the mean wetted surface of the two ship hulls. In order to eliminate the numerical oscillation, analytical quadrature formulas are derived and adopted to evaluate the integrals related to the Froudedependent part of the Green’s function along the horizontal direction in the BIEs. Based on the method, a numerical program is originally coded. Through the calculations of hydrodynamic responses of single ships, the numerical implementation is proved successful. Then the validated program is applied in the investigations on the hydrodynamic interactions of two identical Wigley Ⅲ hulls and the underway replenishment of a frigate and a supply ship in waves with and without stagger, respectively. The comparison between the present computed results with experimental data and numerical solutions of other methods shows that the semi-analytical HOTP method is of higher accuracy than the pulsating source Green’s function method with speed correction and better stability than the traditional HOTP method based on Gauss quadrature. In addition, for two ships with obviously different dimensions,the influence of hydrodynamic interactions on the smaller ship is found to be more noticeable than that on the larger ship, which leads to the differences between the motions of frigate with and without the presence of supply ship.
基金The Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61134009)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.16ZR1401200)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232015D3-24)
文摘Fast fashion is a commercial pattern which provides fashionable clothes at affordable price.This mode needs rapid response supply chain to respond to varying fashion trends.New styles are introduced in every sale period to cover fashion trends.In order to maximize profits,replenishment quantity of each style should be decided in every period.The purchasing and replenishing process over multiple periods based on uncertainty customer demand is modeled,which is formulated by a stochastic choice process.Heterogeneous consumers visit a store in a stochastic sequence and choosing dynamically from the available fashion styles(buy or not buy) according to a utility maximization criterion.The purchase process in a retail shop for multi-period is simulated.An algorithm which combines simulated anneal(SA) with gradient estimation is proposed to find the optimal replenishing strategy from the simulation program.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71531004).
文摘To encourage retailers to form cooperative alliances to jointly replenish inventory,considering that the supplier provides a flexible lead time and quantity discount to retailers,a model of average total cost per unit time of periodic joint replenishment is constructed,and an approximate algorithm,which can satisfy the requirement of any given precision,is given.The cost allocation rule in the core of the joint replenishment game is designed based on the cooperative game theory.The numerical experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly solve the joint replenishment problem when the item number is not greater than 640.The retailer's cost saving rate is always greater than 0,and it increases with the increase in quantity discount and fixed cost after adopting the given cost allocation rule.With the increase in the safety stock level,the retailer's cost saving rate increases first and then decreases;and the retailer's cost saving rate increases with the increase in the size of the alliance,but it decreases as the number of product category increases.The proposed cost allocation rule can reduce the retailer's cost up to 20%,which is conducive to forming a cooperative coalition.
文摘Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-transferring price and the floor area ratio(FAR) of residential land, which represented the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on the two dimensions of market regulation and fiscal replenishment, this paper also established an analytical framework for the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. The results showed that the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning decreased with the expansion of urban scale and that the weaker the market regulation and the stronger the land finance dependence, the weaker the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on this, this paper proposed that local governments should strengthen the scientificity and openness of regulatory detailed planning, institutionally resolve the predicament due to fiscal decentralization, and reduce the dependence on land transfer income.
文摘We reported previously the idea to improve reflection-ability of a magnetic mirror by installing a cyclotron resonance space in the front part of the mirror. However, since the previous analysis was insufficient from the examination after that, we complement the following two things in this work: 1) A simpler procedure of design to make a supplemental magnetic mirror with the simplest magnetic configuration, compared with the procedure reported previously. 2) A peculiar characteristic arising only in reflection of a nonrelativistic charged particle (a deuteron ion).
文摘In general, a supplier/retailer frequently offer trade credit to stimulate their respective sales. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal supplier/retailer’s replenishment decisions under two levels of trade credit policy within the economic order quantity (EOQ) framework. This paper deals with the supplier/retailer’s inventory replenishment problem under two levels of trade credit in one replenishment cycle. A different approach of two levels of trade credit is used, which give more freedom to the supplier/retailer in business. In addition, the easy-to-use procedure is developed to efficiently find the optimal cycle time for the retailer under minimizing annual total relevant cost. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate these results.
基金financially supported by the Hubei Natural Science Foundation(No.2025AFB554(S.Q.G.))the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82230030(Y.L.))+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1210400(Y.L.))Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L234017(Y.L.))Key R&D Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.2020BCG01001(Y.L.))First-Class Discipline Team of Kunming Medical University(No.2024XKTDTS08(Y.L.)),and Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(No.SHSMU-ZLCX20212402(Y.L.)).
文摘Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular and cellular damage,leading to disrupted bone homeostasis and reduced osteogenic potential.Mitochondrial dysfunction,a hallmark of aging,results in elevated reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential,which significantly impairs osteogenesis of osteoprogenitors cells.Inspired by the naturally occurring intercellular mitochondria transfer during tissue healing process,which activates and enhances cellular reparative functions,this study investigated whether mitochondria replenishment could restore osteogenic capacity of aged human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs)and promote bone defect repair.Our findings demonstrate that mitochondria replenishment effectively restores mitochondrial function,enhances osteogenic differentiation of aged hPDLSCs,as well as facilitates bone defect repair in vivo.Mechanistically,mitochondria supplementation upregulates the mitochondrial anchoring protein A-kinase anchoring protein 1(AKAP1)and activates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in mitochondria-receipient hPDLSCs.This study underscores the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial supplementation in reversing aging-related impairments in hPDLSCs and identifies the AKAP1-regulated cAMP/PKA pathway as a key mechanism.These findings offer a promising strategy for overcoming aging-associated challenges in bone regeneration.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3201005,2021YFC3201000,and 2022YFC2601301)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of China(2022YSKY-41)+1 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(U1906223)The authors thank Yong Du in Yongding River Investment Co.Ltd for providing Fig.S2.Dr James Walter Voordeckers is acknowledged for assistance in English language modification.
文摘Ecological water replenishment(EWR)is an important strategy for river restoration globally,but timely evaluation of its ecological effects at a large spatiotemporal scale to further adjust the EWR schemes is of great challenge.Here,we examine the impact of EWR on microeukaryotic plankton communities in three distinct river ecosystems through environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding.The three ecosystems include a long-term cut-off river,a short-term connected river after EWR,and long-term connected rivers.We analyzed community stability by investigating species composition,stochastic and deterministic dynamics interplay,and ecological network robustness.We found that EWR markedly reduced the diversity and complexity of microeukaryotic plankton,altered their community dynamics,and lessened the variation within the community.Moreover,EWR disrupted the deterministic patterns of community organization,favoring dispersal constraints,and aligning with trends observed in naturally connected rivers.The shift from an isolated to a temporarily connected river appeared to transition community structuring mechanisms from deterministic to stochastic dominance,whereas,in permanently connected rivers,both forces concurrently influenced community assembly.The ecological network in temporarily connected rivers post-EWR demonstrated significantly greater stability and intricacy compared to other river systems.This shift markedly bolstered the resilience of the ecological network.The eDNA metabarcoding insights offer a novel understanding of ecosystem resilience under EWR interventions,which could be critical in assessing the effects of river restoration projects throughout their life cycle.
文摘This paper addresses the issues of replenishment and pricing of vegetable commodities in fresh food supermarkets.By analyzing sales data and loss rate data,mathematical models are established to solve the following problems.Spearman correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods are employed.Firstly,data preprocessing is conducted by excluding returned vegetable products from a certain supermarket’s distribution,and then integrating sales transaction details and wholesale price-related data.Secondly,monthly data is used to succinctly present the sales distribution patterns of various categories and individual items of vegetables through line charts.Finally,the models of Spearman correlation analysis and cluster analysis are respectively applied to illustrate the relationship between the sales volume of 6 major categories of vegetables and 251 individual items.Linear regression models,time series analysis,and XG-Boost regression analysis models are used.This paper requires replenishment plans to be made by category,analyzing the relationship between the total sales volume and cost-plus pricing of various vegetable categories.Firstly,a linear regression model is applied to fit historical sales volume and cost-plus pricing,resulting in a linear functional relationship,indicating that only the sales volume of tomatoes is negatively correlated with cost-plus pricing.Based on historical sales data,the daily replenishment total for each vegetable category within the next week is predicted.Predictive models and time series analysis are employed.Meanwhile,for pricing strategies,the XGBoost algorithm is utilized to provide reasonable pricing strategies.Based on the optimal solution,replenishment plans and pricing strategies for the next week are formulated to ensure the maximization of sales revenue objectives.
