The method of Laplace transforms is used to find the distribution function, mean, and variance of the number of renewals of a renewal process whose inter-arrival time distribution has a rational Laplace transform. Whe...The method of Laplace transforms is used to find the distribution function, mean, and variance of the number of renewals of a renewal process whose inter-arrival time distribution has a rational Laplace transform. Where the Laplace transform is not rational, we use the Padé approximation method. We apply our method to certain examples and the results are compared to those reported by other researchers.展开更多
The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack o...The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack of sanitation facilities.The project,targeting 14,082 households,started last year.展开更多
In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved D...In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.展开更多
In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-qualit...In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-quality urban development and continuously meet people’s growing aspirations for a better life.Wuhu,in central China’s Anhui Province,has consistently enhanced its urban functions and services to build a modern,people-oriented city that is innovative,livable,beautiful,resilient,and smart.展开更多
The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar ener...The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability.However,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours.This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat transfer.The CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of 10.These specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction efficiency.This finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar panels.Alternative cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.展开更多
Improving the quality of life for Earth's growing population is a complex task that requires the development of new technologies and materials. Perhaps the biggest challenge is access to clean and renewable energy...Improving the quality of life for Earth's growing population is a complex task that requires the development of new technologies and materials. Perhaps the biggest challenge is access to clean and renewable energy sources that can drive a sustainable future. Photovoltaics, today mainly represented by silicon-based solar cells, convert solar energy into electricity and is already an important component in the renewable energy portfolio.展开更多
The accelerating global energy transition,driven by climate imperatives and technological advancements,demands fundamen-tal transformations in power systems.Smart grids,characterized by cyber-physical integration,dist...The accelerating global energy transition,driven by climate imperatives and technological advancements,demands fundamen-tal transformations in power systems.Smart grids,characterized by cyber-physical integration,distributed renewable resources,and data-driven intelligence,have emerged as the backbone of this evolution.This convergence,however,introduces unprecedented complexities in resilience,security,stability,and market operation.This special issue presents five pivotal studies addressing these interconnected challenges,offering novel methodologies and insights to advance the efficiency,resilience,and sustainability of modern power systems.展开更多
Ocean Renewable Energy(ORE)systems—comprising wind,wave,tidal,and ocean thermal energy—are increasingly seen as viable alternatives to fossil fuels.However,their integration into the power grid is hindered by enviro...Ocean Renewable Energy(ORE)systems—comprising wind,wave,tidal,and ocean thermal energy—are increasingly seen as viable alternatives to fossil fuels.However,their integration into the power grid is hindered by environmental sensitivity,dynamic ocean conditions,and high maintenance demands.Artificial Intelligence(AI)offers promising solutions to these challenges by enabling intelligent,adaptive,and resilient energy systems.This review explores AI applications in ORE,focusing on three critical domains:optimization,forecasting,and control.Optimization techniques,including Genetic Algorithms(GA)and Swarm Intelligence(SI),are employed to enhance device efficiency,improve energy capture,optimize farm layouts,reduce environmental impacts,and lower installation costs.Forecasting uses Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)models to predict wave height,tidal flow,and energy output,aiding in grid integration and energy scheduling.In control systems,AI approaches like Reinforcement Learning(RL)and Fuzzy Logic ensure real-time responsiveness and predictive maintenance,improving system reliability in dynamic marine environments.Emerging technologies such as Edge AI enable decentralized computation for real-time decision-making,while Digital Twin frameworks simulate and predict system performance before deployment.Explainable AI(XAI)is also discussed to ensure transparent and trustworthy decision-making.Ethical and regulatory concerns are acknowledged to ensure responsible AI integration in ocean settings.Overall this review offers a comprehensive synthesis of how AI enhances the performance,efficiency,and scalability of ORE systems.It serves as a valuable resource for researchers,policymakers,and industry professionals seeking to advance clean,smart,and sustainable ocean energy solutions.展开更多
This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are inf...This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.展开更多
Recently,one of the main challenges facing the smart grid is insufficient computing resources and intermittent energy supply for various distributed components(such as monitoring systems for renewable energy power sta...Recently,one of the main challenges facing the smart grid is insufficient computing resources and intermittent energy supply for various distributed components(such as monitoring systems for renewable energy power stations).To solve the problem,we propose an energy harvesting based task scheduling and resource management framework to provide robust and low-cost edge computing services for smart grid.First,we formulate an energy consumption minimization problem with regard to task offloading,time switching,and resource allocation for mobile devices,which can be decoupled and transformed into a typical knapsack problem.Then,solutions are derived by two different algorithms.Furthermore,we deploy renewable energy and energy storage units at edge servers to tackle intermittency and instability problems.Finally,we design an energy management algorithm based on sampling average approximation for edge computing servers to derive the optimal charging/discharging strategies,number of energy storage units,and renewable energy utilization.The simulation results show the efficiency and superiority of our proposed framework.展开更多
With the increasing integration of large-scale distributed energy resources into the grid,traditional distribution network optimization and dispatch methods struggle to address the challenges posed by both generation ...With the increasing integration of large-scale distributed energy resources into the grid,traditional distribution network optimization and dispatch methods struggle to address the challenges posed by both generation and load.Accounting for these issues,this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimization dispatch method for distribution networks.First,the probability box theory was employed to determine the uncertainty intervals of generation and load forecasts,based on which,the requirements for flexibility dispatch and capacity constraints of the grid were calculated and analyzed.Subsequently,a multi-timescale optimization framework was constructed,incorporating the generation and load forecast uncertainties.This framework included optimization models for dayahead scheduling,intra-day optimization,and real-time adjustments,aiming to meet flexibility needs across different timescales and improve the economic efficiency of the grid.Furthermore,an improved soft actor-critic algorithm was introduced to enhance the uncertainty exploration capability.Utilizing a centralized training and decentralized execution framework,a multi-agent SAC network model was developed to improve the decision-making efficiency of the agents.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method were validated using a modified IEEE-33 bus test system.展开更多
China has abundant renewable energy resources.With the establishment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have undergone tremendous development.Ho...China has abundant renewable energy resources.With the establishment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have undergone tremendous development.However,because of the randomness and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power,the large-scale development of renewable energy faces challenges with accommodation and transmission.At present,the bundling of wind–photovoltaic–thermal power with ultra-high voltage transmission projects is the main development approach for renewable energy bases in western and northern China.Nonetheless,solving the problems of high carbon dioxide emission,carbon dioxide capture,and the utilization of thermal power is still necessary.Based on power-to-hydrogen,powerto-methanol,and oxygen-enriched combustion power generation technologies,this article proposes a power-to-hydrogen-andmethanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow,which is expected to simultaneously solve the problems of renewable energy accommodation and low-carbon transformation of thermal power.Models with different ways of linking power to hydrogen and methanol are established,and an 8760-hour-time-series operation simulation is incorporated into the planning model.A case study is then conducted on renewable energy bases in the deserts of western and northern China.The results show that the power-to-hydrogen-and-methanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow can greatly reduce the demand for hydrogen storage and energy storage,reduce the cost of carbon capture,make full use of by-product oxygen and captured carbon dioxide,and produce high-value chemical raw materials,thus exhibiting significant economic advantages.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in hybrid wind-wave energy.With the focus on floating concepts,the possible configurations introduced in the literature are categorized and depicted,and the m...This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in hybrid wind-wave energy.With the focus on floating concepts,the possible configurations introduced in the literature are categorized and depicted,and the main conclusions obtained from the references are summarized.Moreover,offshore wind and wave resources are discussed in terms of complementarity and supplementarity,offering a new perspective to developing hybrid wind-wave energy systems that look for synergies not limited to maximizing power output.Then,the feasibility of the concepts under development is discussed in detail,with focus on technical feasibility,dynamic feasibility and limitations of the methods employed.The hybrid configurations that surpassed the experimental validation phase are highlighted,and the experimental results are summarized.By compiling more than 40 floating wind turbine concepts,new relations are drawn between power,wind turbine dimensions,platforms’draft and displacement,which are further related to the payload allowance of the units to accommodate wave devices and onboard power take-off systems.Bearing in mind that it is a challenge to model the exact dynamics of hybrid floating wind-wave platforms,this paper elucidates the current research gaps,limitations and future trends in the field.Lastly,based on the overview and topics discussed,several major conclusions are drawn concerning hybrid synergies,dynamics and hydrodynamics of hybrid platforms,feasibility of concepts,among other regards.展开更多
Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell ...Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell industry has experienced unprecedented development. The full utilization of solar energy resources remains an urgent issue to be addressed.展开更多
Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intellig...Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intelligent processing on edge servers(ES).However,securely distributing encrypted data stored in the cloud to terminals that meet decryption requirements has become a prominent research topic.Additionally,managing attributes,including addition,deletion,and modification,is a crucial issue in the access control scheme for RES.To address these security concerns,a trust-based ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)device access control scheme is proposed for RES(TB-CP-ABE).This scheme effectivelymanages the distribution and control of encrypted data on the cloud through robust attribute key management.By introducing trust management mechanisms and outsourced decryption technology,the ES system can effectively assess and manage the trust worthiness of terminal devices,ensuring that only trusted devices can participate in data exchange and access sensitive information.Besides,the ES system dynamically evaluates trust scores to set decryption trust thresholds,thereby regulating device data access permissions and enhancing the system’s security.To validate the security of the proposed TB-CP-ABE against chosen plaintext attacks,a comprehensive formal security analysis is conducted using the widely accepted random oraclemodel under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent(q-BDHE)assumption.Finally,comparative analysis with other schemes demonstrates that the TB-CP-ABE scheme cuts energy/communication costs by 43%,and scaleswell with rising terminals,maintaining average latency below 50ms,ensuring real-time service feasibility.The proposed scheme not only provides newinsights for the secure management of RES but also lays a foundation for future secure energy solutions.展开更多
This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)syste...This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.展开更多
In 2024,China’s export volume reached RMB 25.45 trillion,a year-on-year increase of 7.1%,a new historical high.This marked a new level of competitiveness for Chinese enterprises in the global market.From the traded p...In 2024,China’s export volume reached RMB 25.45 trillion,a year-on-year increase of 7.1%,a new historical high.This marked a new level of competitiveness for Chinese enterprises in the global market.From the traded product going overseas to today’s brand and industrial chain going overseas,Chinese enterprises have entered a new stage of development when it comes to global expansion,especially in manufacturing fields such as renewable energy,electric vehicles,electronic products,home appliances,and machinery.展开更多
In this paper,through a methodology combining theoretical research and field investigation,the project of urban renewal at Xidan Renewal Site in Beijing was studied from the aspects of data analysis,investigation of p...In this paper,through a methodology combining theoretical research and field investigation,the project of urban renewal at Xidan Renewal Site in Beijing was studied from the aspects of data analysis,investigation of people’s behaviors,measurement of its scale,and architectural history.Besides,how urban renewal creates new urban vitality was demonstrated.It has certain guiding and reference significance for research on urban renewal.Remarkable results have been achieved,such as rationalizing the internal functions of old residential areas,improving circulation experience conditions,and promoting and recreating unique cultural features.It is a case of engineering innovation in urban renewal in the core areas of domestic cities.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,offers a promising solution to mitigate increasing CO_(2) emissions and establish a carbon-neutral cycle.Copper is a highly selective and ...Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,offers a promising solution to mitigate increasing CO_(2) emissions and establish a carbon-neutral cycle.Copper is a highly selective and active catalyst for CO_(2)RR but suffers from structural reconstruction challenges.Hybrid organic/inorganic materials address these issues by offering customizable compositions and interfaces.Recently,Buonsanti’s team developed hybrid Cu@AlOx nanocrystals with tunable alumina shells via a colloidal atomic layer deposition approach,achieving stable and selective methane production during CO_(2)RR.Mechanistic studies reveal that the alumina shell stabilizes oxidized copper species through Cu^(2+)-O-Al motifs coordinated with AlO_(4) Lewis acid sites,reducing copper dissolution and structural reconstruction.This study provides key insights into the mechanism underlying stabilization,highlighting the critical role of Lewis acidity in preserving the structural integrity of the catalyst.This highlight review aims to inspire the development of other high-performance and stable catalysts through colloidal atomic layer deposition strategies.展开更多
Around the world,there has been a notable shift toward the use of renewable energy technology due to the growing demand for energy and the ongoing depletion of conventional resources,such as fossil fuels.Following thi...Around the world,there has been a notable shift toward the use of renewable energy technology due to the growing demand for energy and the ongoing depletion of conventional resources,such as fossil fuels.Following this worldwide trend,Brunei’s government has initiated several strategic programs aimed at encouraging the establishment of energy from renewable sources in the nation’s energy mix.These initiatives are designed not only to support environmental sustainability but also to make energy from renewable sources increasingly competitive in comparison to more conventional energy sources like gas and oil,which have historically dominated Brunei’s energy market.The optimization of a hybrid energy system that combines diesel generators,solar photovoltaic(PV)panels,and the national power grid is the focus of this study.The objective is to identify the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable configuration that can reliably meet local energy demands.During optimization,several configuration was tried and tested,including only grid,PV and Grid and PV-generator.HOMER(Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources)software,a popular simulation tool that makes it possible to simulate and analyze hybrid energy systems,is utilized in the optimization process.Inside the HOMER Pro optimization,various system configuration is taken into account for the optimization.While simulating,it takes into account different combinations of components such as solar panels,wind turbines and batteries.Later on,it is being ranked by different factors such as net present cost(NPC),Cost of Energy(COE),etc.A comprehensive techno-economic research is carried out to evaluate various system configurations,considering key performance indicators such as total energy generation cost,operational expenditure,and greenhouse gas emissions.The results provide valuable insights into how renewable-based hybrid systems can reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic viability,supporting Brunei’s broader goals of energy diversification and sustainability.The study also emphasizes how such hybrid systems could be scaled for off-grid and rural populations in Brunei,where a dependable electricity supply is still a problem.Furthermore,sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of variations in solar irradiation,load demand,and fuel prices on the overall system performance.Policymakers and energy planners can use these insights to help them make data-driven decisions about future investments in infrastructure for renewable energy.展开更多
文摘The method of Laplace transforms is used to find the distribution function, mean, and variance of the number of renewals of a renewal process whose inter-arrival time distribution has a rational Laplace transform. Where the Laplace transform is not rational, we use the Padé approximation method. We apply our method to certain examples and the results are compared to those reported by other researchers.
文摘The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack of sanitation facilities.The project,targeting 14,082 households,started last year.
基金funded by the Institute of Smart Energy,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,under Grant No.HIT-ISE-2024-07.
文摘In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.
文摘In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-quality urban development and continuously meet people’s growing aspirations for a better life.Wuhu,in central China’s Anhui Province,has consistently enhanced its urban functions and services to build a modern,people-oriented city that is innovative,livable,beautiful,resilient,and smart.
文摘The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability.However,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours.This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat transfer.The CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of 10.These specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction efficiency.This finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar panels.Alternative cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China grant (62322407, 22279034, 52261145698, W2421103)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22ZR1418900, 24110714100)+1 种基金the Swedish Research Council (project grant no. 2020-04538)the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Link?ping University (Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiU no. 2009 00971)。
文摘Improving the quality of life for Earth's growing population is a complex task that requires the development of new technologies and materials. Perhaps the biggest challenge is access to clean and renewable energy sources that can drive a sustainable future. Photovoltaics, today mainly represented by silicon-based solar cells, convert solar energy into electricity and is already an important component in the renewable energy portfolio.
文摘The accelerating global energy transition,driven by climate imperatives and technological advancements,demands fundamen-tal transformations in power systems.Smart grids,characterized by cyber-physical integration,distributed renewable resources,and data-driven intelligence,have emerged as the backbone of this evolution.This convergence,however,introduces unprecedented complexities in resilience,security,stability,and market operation.This special issue presents five pivotal studies addressing these interconnected challenges,offering novel methodologies and insights to advance the efficiency,resilience,and sustainability of modern power systems.
文摘Ocean Renewable Energy(ORE)systems—comprising wind,wave,tidal,and ocean thermal energy—are increasingly seen as viable alternatives to fossil fuels.However,their integration into the power grid is hindered by environmental sensitivity,dynamic ocean conditions,and high maintenance demands.Artificial Intelligence(AI)offers promising solutions to these challenges by enabling intelligent,adaptive,and resilient energy systems.This review explores AI applications in ORE,focusing on three critical domains:optimization,forecasting,and control.Optimization techniques,including Genetic Algorithms(GA)and Swarm Intelligence(SI),are employed to enhance device efficiency,improve energy capture,optimize farm layouts,reduce environmental impacts,and lower installation costs.Forecasting uses Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)models to predict wave height,tidal flow,and energy output,aiding in grid integration and energy scheduling.In control systems,AI approaches like Reinforcement Learning(RL)and Fuzzy Logic ensure real-time responsiveness and predictive maintenance,improving system reliability in dynamic marine environments.Emerging technologies such as Edge AI enable decentralized computation for real-time decision-making,while Digital Twin frameworks simulate and predict system performance before deployment.Explainable AI(XAI)is also discussed to ensure transparent and trustworthy decision-making.Ethical and regulatory concerns are acknowledged to ensure responsible AI integration in ocean settings.Overall this review offers a comprehensive synthesis of how AI enhances the performance,efficiency,and scalability of ORE systems.It serves as a valuable resource for researchers,policymakers,and industry professionals seeking to advance clean,smart,and sustainable ocean energy solutions.
基金funded under the Collaborative Research Initiative Grant Scheme(C-RIGS),grant number C-RIGS24-016-0022 from IIUM.
文摘This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61473066in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.F2021501020+2 种基金in part by the S&T Program of Qinhuangdao under Grant No.202401A195in part by the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under Grant No.QN2025008in part by the Innovation Capability Improvement Plan Project of Hebei Province under Grant No.22567637H
文摘Recently,one of the main challenges facing the smart grid is insufficient computing resources and intermittent energy supply for various distributed components(such as monitoring systems for renewable energy power stations).To solve the problem,we propose an energy harvesting based task scheduling and resource management framework to provide robust and low-cost edge computing services for smart grid.First,we formulate an energy consumption minimization problem with regard to task offloading,time switching,and resource allocation for mobile devices,which can be decoupled and transformed into a typical knapsack problem.Then,solutions are derived by two different algorithms.Furthermore,we deploy renewable energy and energy storage units at edge servers to tackle intermittency and instability problems.Finally,we design an energy management algorithm based on sampling average approximation for edge computing servers to derive the optimal charging/discharging strategies,number of energy storage units,and renewable energy utilization.The simulation results show the efficiency and superiority of our proposed framework.
基金funded by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project,grant number 20220203163SF.
文摘With the increasing integration of large-scale distributed energy resources into the grid,traditional distribution network optimization and dispatch methods struggle to address the challenges posed by both generation and load.Accounting for these issues,this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimization dispatch method for distribution networks.First,the probability box theory was employed to determine the uncertainty intervals of generation and load forecasts,based on which,the requirements for flexibility dispatch and capacity constraints of the grid were calculated and analyzed.Subsequently,a multi-timescale optimization framework was constructed,incorporating the generation and load forecast uncertainties.This framework included optimization models for dayahead scheduling,intra-day optimization,and real-time adjustments,aiming to meet flexibility needs across different timescales and improve the economic efficiency of the grid.Furthermore,an improved soft actor-critic algorithm was introduced to enhance the uncertainty exploration capability.Utilizing a centralized training and decentralized execution framework,a multi-agent SAC network model was developed to improve the decision-making efficiency of the agents.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method were validated using a modified IEEE-33 bus test system.
基金the financial support provided by the Major Program of Xiangjiang Laboratory(No.23XJ01006).
文摘China has abundant renewable energy resources.With the establishment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have undergone tremendous development.However,because of the randomness and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power,the large-scale development of renewable energy faces challenges with accommodation and transmission.At present,the bundling of wind–photovoltaic–thermal power with ultra-high voltage transmission projects is the main development approach for renewable energy bases in western and northern China.Nonetheless,solving the problems of high carbon dioxide emission,carbon dioxide capture,and the utilization of thermal power is still necessary.Based on power-to-hydrogen,powerto-methanol,and oxygen-enriched combustion power generation technologies,this article proposes a power-to-hydrogen-andmethanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow,which is expected to simultaneously solve the problems of renewable energy accommodation and low-carbon transformation of thermal power.Models with different ways of linking power to hydrogen and methanol are established,and an 8760-hour-time-series operation simulation is incorporated into the planning model.A case study is then conducted on renewable energy bases in the deserts of western and northern China.The results show that the power-to-hydrogen-and-methanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow can greatly reduce the demand for hydrogen storage and energy storage,reduce the cost of carbon capture,make full use of by-product oxygen and captured carbon dioxide,and produce high-value chemical raw materials,thus exhibiting significant economic advantages.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-FCT)it contributes to the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(Grant No.UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020)funded the first author for his PhD Scholarship(Grant No.SFRH/BD/145602/2019).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in hybrid wind-wave energy.With the focus on floating concepts,the possible configurations introduced in the literature are categorized and depicted,and the main conclusions obtained from the references are summarized.Moreover,offshore wind and wave resources are discussed in terms of complementarity and supplementarity,offering a new perspective to developing hybrid wind-wave energy systems that look for synergies not limited to maximizing power output.Then,the feasibility of the concepts under development is discussed in detail,with focus on technical feasibility,dynamic feasibility and limitations of the methods employed.The hybrid configurations that surpassed the experimental validation phase are highlighted,and the experimental results are summarized.By compiling more than 40 floating wind turbine concepts,new relations are drawn between power,wind turbine dimensions,platforms’draft and displacement,which are further related to the payload allowance of the units to accommodate wave devices and onboard power take-off systems.Bearing in mind that it is a challenge to model the exact dynamics of hybrid floating wind-wave platforms,this paper elucidates the current research gaps,limitations and future trends in the field.Lastly,based on the overview and topics discussed,several major conclusions are drawn concerning hybrid synergies,dynamics and hydrodynamics of hybrid platforms,feasibility of concepts,among other regards.
文摘Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell industry has experienced unprecedented development. The full utilization of solar energy resources remains an urgent issue to be addressed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China,Grant number 5700-202223189A-1-1-ZN.
文摘Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intelligent processing on edge servers(ES).However,securely distributing encrypted data stored in the cloud to terminals that meet decryption requirements has become a prominent research topic.Additionally,managing attributes,including addition,deletion,and modification,is a crucial issue in the access control scheme for RES.To address these security concerns,a trust-based ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)device access control scheme is proposed for RES(TB-CP-ABE).This scheme effectivelymanages the distribution and control of encrypted data on the cloud through robust attribute key management.By introducing trust management mechanisms and outsourced decryption technology,the ES system can effectively assess and manage the trust worthiness of terminal devices,ensuring that only trusted devices can participate in data exchange and access sensitive information.Besides,the ES system dynamically evaluates trust scores to set decryption trust thresholds,thereby regulating device data access permissions and enhancing the system’s security.To validate the security of the proposed TB-CP-ABE against chosen plaintext attacks,a comprehensive formal security analysis is conducted using the widely accepted random oraclemodel under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent(q-BDHE)assumption.Finally,comparative analysis with other schemes demonstrates that the TB-CP-ABE scheme cuts energy/communication costs by 43%,and scaleswell with rising terminals,maintaining average latency below 50ms,ensuring real-time service feasibility.The proposed scheme not only provides newinsights for the secure management of RES but also lays a foundation for future secure energy solutions.
文摘This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.
文摘In 2024,China’s export volume reached RMB 25.45 trillion,a year-on-year increase of 7.1%,a new historical high.This marked a new level of competitiveness for Chinese enterprises in the global market.From the traded product going overseas to today’s brand and industrial chain going overseas,Chinese enterprises have entered a new stage of development when it comes to global expansion,especially in manufacturing fields such as renewable energy,electric vehicles,electronic products,home appliances,and machinery.
基金Sponsored by the General Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(25BGL309).
文摘In this paper,through a methodology combining theoretical research and field investigation,the project of urban renewal at Xidan Renewal Site in Beijing was studied from the aspects of data analysis,investigation of people’s behaviors,measurement of its scale,and architectural history.Besides,how urban renewal creates new urban vitality was demonstrated.It has certain guiding and reference significance for research on urban renewal.Remarkable results have been achieved,such as rationalizing the internal functions of old residential areas,improving circulation experience conditions,and promoting and recreating unique cultural features.It is a case of engineering innovation in urban renewal in the core areas of domestic cities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101289)Hundred Talents Programs in Chinese Academy of Science,and the Ningbo S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Program(No.2022Z205).
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,offers a promising solution to mitigate increasing CO_(2) emissions and establish a carbon-neutral cycle.Copper is a highly selective and active catalyst for CO_(2)RR but suffers from structural reconstruction challenges.Hybrid organic/inorganic materials address these issues by offering customizable compositions and interfaces.Recently,Buonsanti’s team developed hybrid Cu@AlOx nanocrystals with tunable alumina shells via a colloidal atomic layer deposition approach,achieving stable and selective methane production during CO_(2)RR.Mechanistic studies reveal that the alumina shell stabilizes oxidized copper species through Cu^(2+)-O-Al motifs coordinated with AlO_(4) Lewis acid sites,reducing copper dissolution and structural reconstruction.This study provides key insights into the mechanism underlying stabilization,highlighting the critical role of Lewis acidity in preserving the structural integrity of the catalyst.This highlight review aims to inspire the development of other high-performance and stable catalysts through colloidal atomic layer deposition strategies.
基金funded through Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia—project number“NBU-FFR-2025-3623-06”.
文摘Around the world,there has been a notable shift toward the use of renewable energy technology due to the growing demand for energy and the ongoing depletion of conventional resources,such as fossil fuels.Following this worldwide trend,Brunei’s government has initiated several strategic programs aimed at encouraging the establishment of energy from renewable sources in the nation’s energy mix.These initiatives are designed not only to support environmental sustainability but also to make energy from renewable sources increasingly competitive in comparison to more conventional energy sources like gas and oil,which have historically dominated Brunei’s energy market.The optimization of a hybrid energy system that combines diesel generators,solar photovoltaic(PV)panels,and the national power grid is the focus of this study.The objective is to identify the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable configuration that can reliably meet local energy demands.During optimization,several configuration was tried and tested,including only grid,PV and Grid and PV-generator.HOMER(Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources)software,a popular simulation tool that makes it possible to simulate and analyze hybrid energy systems,is utilized in the optimization process.Inside the HOMER Pro optimization,various system configuration is taken into account for the optimization.While simulating,it takes into account different combinations of components such as solar panels,wind turbines and batteries.Later on,it is being ranked by different factors such as net present cost(NPC),Cost of Energy(COE),etc.A comprehensive techno-economic research is carried out to evaluate various system configurations,considering key performance indicators such as total energy generation cost,operational expenditure,and greenhouse gas emissions.The results provide valuable insights into how renewable-based hybrid systems can reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic viability,supporting Brunei’s broader goals of energy diversification and sustainability.The study also emphasizes how such hybrid systems could be scaled for off-grid and rural populations in Brunei,where a dependable electricity supply is still a problem.Furthermore,sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of variations in solar irradiation,load demand,and fuel prices on the overall system performance.Policymakers and energy planners can use these insights to help them make data-driven decisions about future investments in infrastructure for renewable energy.
