Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil na...Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.展开更多
New pollutants have become a significant concern in China's efforts toward ecological and environmental protection.Trichloromethane(TCM,CHCl_3),one of these new pollutants,is primarily released into soil and groun...New pollutants have become a significant concern in China's efforts toward ecological and environmental protection.Trichloromethane(TCM,CHCl_3),one of these new pollutants,is primarily released into soil and groundwater through various industrial activities.Over the past four decades,researchers have consistently focused on the remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater using microorganisms and iron-based materials,which hold significant potential for practical application.Understanding the remediation process and the factors influencing TCM degradation through these two methods is crucial for advancing both theoretical research and practical implementation.This review focuses on the degradation mechanisms of TCM in soil and groundwater by microorganisms and iron-based materials.It summarizes the active microorganisms and modified iron-based materials with high TCM degradation capabilities,discusses enhancement measures for both methods in the remediation process,and finally,outlines the challenges faced by these methods.The goal is to provide theoretical references for efficient remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater.展开更多
The contact between contaminant and washing solution is a fundamental factor that limits the contaminant removal efficiency of chemical washing.In this study,the magnetization technique was employed to improve the phy...The contact between contaminant and washing solution is a fundamental factor that limits the contaminant removal efficiency of chemical washing.In this study,the magnetization technique was employed to improve the physicochemical properties of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)solutions for the removal of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)from a contaminated clayey soil.Furthermore,EDTA concentration,magnetization strength,and magnetization time were varied as parameters for enhancing the contact between contaminant and washing solution to improve remediation efficiency.The results showed that after magnetization,the viscosities,surface tensions,and contact angles of EDTA solutions decreased,whereas the electrical conductivity and pH increased.In particular,the viscosities of high-concentration EDTA solutions increased with increasing magnetic field strength and magnetization time.The magnetized EDTA solutions increased the maximum removal rates of Cd and Pb by 64.46% and 35.49%,respectively,compared to the unmagnetized EDTA solutions.The results highlighted the efficient metal removal by magnetized washing solutions due to the better contact between the washing solutions and the contaminants.The magnetic-enhanced soil washing method was proven to be efficient,cost-effective,and easily implementable for enhancing heavy metal removal.This study provides a valuable reference for improving the efficiency of chemical washing for heavy metal-contaminated clayey soils.展开更多
Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remedi...Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in t...Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil.In this study,four magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))/polyaniline(PANI)nanocomposites,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.0)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.0)/PANI,and Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.5)/PANI,were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 g Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively,and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities.The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model,with Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^(-1) at 25℃.Then,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China(black,brown,cinnamon,and red),all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^(-1) after spiking.The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91%and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03%on average.In addition,soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation.Regarding the regeneration performance,a higher total Cd removal efficiency(27.89%–44.96%)was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.After two regeneration cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration,but its efficiency remained above 95%of or higher than those of virgin Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.The synthetic process of Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI was simple and cost-effective,and Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils,especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.展开更多
The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter.The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil deconta...The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter.The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil decontamination,and no need for excavation.During the last three decades,enhanced and hybrid EK systems were developed and tested for improving the efficiency of contaminants removal from soils.Chemically enhanced-EK processes exhibited excellent efficiency in removing contaminants by controlling the soil pH or the chemical reaction of contaminants.EK hybrid systems were tested to overcome environmental hurdles or technical drawbacks of decontamination technologies.Hybridization of the EK process with phytoremediation,bioremediation,or reactive filtermedia(RFM)improved the remediation process performance by capturing contaminants or facilitating biological agents’movement in the soil.Also,EK process coupling with solar energy was proposed to treat off-grid contaminated soils or reduce the EK energy requirements.This study reviews recent advancements in the enhancement and hybrid EK systems for soil remediation and the type of contaminants targeted by the process.The study also covered the impact of operating parameters,imperfect pollution separation,and differences in the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of soil/sediment on the EK performance.Finally,a comparison between various remediation processes was presented to highlight the pros and cons of these technologies.展开更多
Synthesizing highly efficient,low-toxicity catalysts for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils is crucial.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n-ZVI)is widely used in the treatment of pollut...Synthesizing highly efficient,low-toxicity catalysts for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils is crucial.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n-ZVI)is widely used in the treatment of pollutants due to its high catalytic activity.However,n-ZVI is prone to aggregation and passivation.Therefore,to design an environmentally friendly,efficient,and practical catalyst material,this study designed a nanoscale zero-valent iron-loaded biochar(BC)polyacrylic acid(PAA)composite materials.Biochar and polyacrylic acid can prevent the ag-gregation of zero-valent iron and provide a large number of functional groups.The iron on the carrier is uniformly distributed,exposing active sites and activating persulfate to remove anthracene(ANT)pollutants from the soil.The BC/PAA/Fe0 system can achieve an anthracene degradation efficiency of 93.7%in soil,and the degradation efficiency of anthracene remains around 90%under both acidic and alkaline con-$$ditions.Free radical capture experiments indicate that the degradation of anthracene proceeds through the radical pathways SO4,$OH,O2 and the non-radical pathway 1O2.In addition,possible degradation pathways for anthracene have been proposed.Plant planting experiments have shown that the catalyst designed in this study has low toxicity and has excellent application prospects in thefield of soil remediation.展开更多
Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have ...Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have been applied for the remediation of chromiumcontaminated soils,with varying degrees of success depending on soil type and contaminant form.However,the removal rate of total chromium(Cr)and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))often fluctuates based on the chemical composition of the leaching agents,as well as the soil’s physicochemical properties,such as pH and Cr speciation stability.Therefore,this study investigates the effectiveness of 20 composite leaching systems,including deionized water,lime water,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,and sodium phosphate,through soil column leaching tests.The aim was to evaluate their impact on soil pH,total Cr,and Cr(Ⅵ)removal,and to examine the transformation of various Cr species during the leaching process.Results reveal that lime water and sodium phosphate were particularly effective in stabilizing Cr(Ⅵ)and neutralizing soil pH,while total Cr removal amount ranged from 197.4 mg/kg to 1671.6 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ)removal amount ranged from 113.2mg/kg to 316.8mg/kg.We also find that using 0.2 mol/L citric acid,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,and 1.2 mL/g lime solution adjusted soil pH to 7.37,with average removal efficiencies of 34.6%.for total Cr and 72.7%for Cr(Ⅵ).Overall,our results suggest that the combined use of lime water and sodium phosphate is an effective strategy for remediating chromium-contaminated soil,particularly for stabilizing unleached Cr and adjusting soil pH.展开更多
The global concern surrounding the advancement of methods for treating wastewater and polluted soil has markedly increased over time.While electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)and biotreatments are commo...The global concern surrounding the advancement of methods for treating wastewater and polluted soil has markedly increased over time.While electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)and biotreatments are commonly employed technologies for remediating wastewater and polluted soil,their widespread adoption is hindered by their limitations,which include high costs associated with EAOPs and prolonged remediation time of biotreatments.In the review,we provided an overviewof EAOP technology and biotreatment,emphasizing the critical aspects involved in building a combined system.This review systematically evaluates recent research that combines EAOPswith bioremediation for treating wastewater or contaminated soil as pretreatment or post-treatment process.Research findings suggest that the combined treatment method represents a promising and competitive technology that can overcome some of the limitations of individual treatments.Additionally,we discussed the potential applications of this technology in varying levels of wastewater and soil pollution,as well as the underlying combination mechanisms.展开更多
High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption.Therefore,this article provides a ...High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption.Therefore,this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs,and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green economy.Ca-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay,absorb water and replenish system heat.In contrast,non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin clay.The soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation processes.The transitionmetal oxides and alkalimetal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,petroleum and emerging contaminants.In this system,reactive oxygen species(•O_(2)^(-)and•OH)are generated fromthermal excitation without strong chemical oxidants.Moreover,multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal catalysis.Alternatively,the alkali,nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive conditions.Especially,photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.展开更多
Traditional in situ biogeochemical transformation suffers from competition among crucial microorganisms and inadequate formation of reactive minerals,thus leading to the accumulation of toxic intermediates.In this stu...Traditional in situ biogeochemical transformation suffers from competition among crucial microorganisms and inadequate formation of reactive minerals,thus leading to the accumulation of toxic intermediates.In this study,three regulation schemes were proposed to solve these problems from the perspective of engineering mode.Results showed intermittent injection mode effectively reduced the accumulation of toxic intermediates but the reduction rate of tetrachloroethylene was decreased.And periodical supplementation of carbon and sulfur sources accelerated the removal of tetrachloroethylene but failed to reduce the accumulation of toxic products.While,regular supplementation of sulfate effectively weakened the competition of methanogens and increased the iron sulfide proportion on the surface of the minerals,thus reducing the accumulation of toxicity.Based on the results,this study obtained an effective engineering approach for practical site application.In addition,the main forms of active minerals capable ofβ-eliminating contaminants during biogeochemical transformation were identified in this study,including FeS,FeS_(2),and Fe_(3)S_(4).Furthermore,the engineered regulatory mechanism of this study was summarized through the analysis of microbial community structure and mineral morphology.The amendment promotes the production of minerals and thus controls the transformation pathway of contaminants by altering the abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria and dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria.This mechanism can provide a basis for subsequent theoretical studies.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are promising for realizing wastewater remediation and electricity co-generation,which may significantly promote the formation of an environmentally friendly,clean energy society.Unfortunatel...Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are promising for realizing wastewater remediation and electricity co-generation,which may significantly promote the formation of an environmentally friendly,clean energy society.Unfortunately,most of the available MFCs show relatively low electricity generation.Anodes,the major component of MFCs,play the most critical role in electron transfer and organic decomposition,which directly determine the performance of MFCs.In the past decades,various carbonaceous materials and carbon-supported conductive composites have been extensively exploited to optimize the electron transfer on the anode due to their versatile properties,such as large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity.The development of anode materials with a particular structure and performance to satisfy field-scale long-term operation of MFCs remains a huge research challenge,which attracts great attention and urgently needs in-depth exploration of the material engineering of anodes for MFCs.In this review,recent advances in the development and optimization of anodes for MFCs are summarized,and applications of MFCs with advanced anodes in the remediation of different types of wastewater are discussed.Advances of anodes for promoting electron transfer,microbial attachment and organic decomposition are the main focuses.The superiorities of MFCs on different aspects of wastewater remediation are elucidated,along with perspectives on future research of MFCs,aiming to provide useful guidance in related fields.展开更多
Due to severe mass transfer limitations,contaminated soils with low-permeability limit the accessibility of amendments,resulting in less effective or even ineffective remediation.Enhancing the mass transfer properties...Due to severe mass transfer limitations,contaminated soils with low-permeability limit the accessibility of amendments,resulting in less effective or even ineffective remediation.Enhancing the mass transfer properties of low-permeability soils by hydraulic fracturing is a promising technique.A quasi-three-dimensional(quasi-3D)analytical model was presented that accounted for advection-diffusion-adsorption-degradation processes in the fracture-matrix system.The model combined the injection-extraction technique to investigate the enhanced transport of amendments in low-permeability contaminated soil by hydraulic fractures.Then,the injection strategy and controllable parameter optimization were comprehensively studied by analyzing the radial transport behavior of the amendment within hydraulic fractures.The results showed that higher injection volumetric rates accelerated the formation of a uniform line source within the fractures.Although the differences in the effective ratio of the amendment among different injection modes were not significant,considering the amendment utilization rate and cost reduction,the recommended injection strategy was the combination of continuous pulsing injection and periodic injection.展开更多
Soil contamination remains a global problem,and numerous studies have been published for investigating soil re-mediation.Thermal desorption remediation(TDR)can significantly reduce the contaminants in the soil within ...Soil contamination remains a global problem,and numerous studies have been published for investigating soil re-mediation.Thermal desorption remediation(TDR)can significantly reduce the contaminants in the soil within a short time and consequently has been used worldwide.However,the soil properties respond to TDR differently and are dependent on the experimental set-up.The causative mechanisms of these differences are yet to be fully elucidated.A statistical meta-analysis was thus undertaken to evaluate the TDR treatment effects on soil properties and plant per-formance.This review pointed out that soil clay was reduced by 54.2%,while soil sand content was enhanced by 15.2% after TDR.This might be due to the release of cementing agents from clay minerals that resulted in the formation of soil aggregates.Soil electrical conductivity enhanced by 69.5% after TDR,which might be due to the heating-induced loss of structural hydroxyl groups and the consequent liberation of ions.The treatment of TDR leads to the reduction of plant germination rate,length,and biomass by 19.4%,44.8%,and 20.2%,respectively,compared to that of control soil.This might be due to the residue of contaminants and the loss of soil fertility during the thermal process that inhibited plant germination and growth.Soil pH and sulfate content increased with heating temperature increased,while soil enzyme activities decreased with thermal temperature increased.Overall,the results suggested that TDR treatment has inhibited plant growth as well as ecological restoration.展开更多
To develop more efficient catalysts and discover new materials to work towards efficient solutions to the growing environmental problems,machine learning(ML)offers viable new ideas.Due to its ability to process large-...To develop more efficient catalysts and discover new materials to work towards efficient solutions to the growing environmental problems,machine learning(ML)offers viable new ideas.Due to its ability to process large-scale data and mine underlying patterns,ML has been widely used in the design and development of materials in recent years.The purpose of this manuscript is to summarize the research progress of ML to guide the development of materials in the environmental field and open new horizons for environmental pollution control.This manuscript firstly details the basic ML definitions and operational procedures.Secondly,it summarizes the main ways of applying ML in materials.Then it unfolds to introduce the specific application examples of ML in different materials.Finally,we summarize the shortcomings and research trends of ML in predicting material design.展开更多
Rare earth elements are highly applicable in photocatalysis due to their partially filled 4f orbitals,existing in electronic structures that facilitate the transfer of electrons during the reaction process.Among these...Rare earth elements are highly applicable in photocatalysis due to their partially filled 4f orbitals,existing in electronic structures that facilitate the transfer of electrons during the reaction process.Among these materials,CeO_(2)has a distinctive external electronic structure(4f^(1)5d^(1)6s^(2)),abundant oxygen vacancies,and strong conversion ability of Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+),which makes it an attractive candidate in the field of photocatalysis.To broaden its practical applications in the visible region,the drawbacks of a wide band gap and a slow Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)cycle have been addressed through the modification of CeO_(2),thereby accelerating light absorption and self-circulation,and enhancing photocatalytic activity.This paper presents a review of the preparation of modified CeO_(2)catalysts and their application in the conversion of cerium valence state in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water.Furthermore,this paper presents a summary of the most recent development and current challenges,as well as prospect for the application of modified CeO_(2)-based materials.展开更多
Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring.While traditional physical or chemical remediation techno...Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring.While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function,coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green,economic,and efficient remediation of contaminated sites.Hence,this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation,mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants.The rational design of materials structure,selective generation of reactive oxygen species,and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation.Meanwhile,current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants(i.e.,dechlorination,defluorination,-NO_(2) reduction)is introduced.Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites,several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view.This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.展开更多
Recently,S-scheme heterojunctions have gained considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation as their potential to achieve efficient spatial charge separation coupled with strong redox...Recently,S-scheme heterojunctions have gained considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation as their potential to achieve efficient spatial charge separation coupled with strong redox capacities.Herein,this review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the development of S-scheme-based photocatalysts for the purification of environmental contaminants.The review first covers the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental purification.Subsequently,an introduction to the background,mechanism,design principles,and characterization techniques of S-scheme heterojunctions is presented.Then,the review presents a comparison and summary of using various S-scheme photocatalysts for the removal of several target pollutants,such as bacteria,heavy metals,nitrogen oxides,antibiotics,and phenols.Additionally,the modification strategies of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are also provided.Finally,a brief discussion of the challenges and prospects associated with S-scheme photocatalytic systems is demonstrated.展开更多
Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identi...Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.展开更多
Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most promising strategies to deal with the environmental pollution and energy crisis.Among a variety of materi...Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most promising strategies to deal with the environmental pollution and energy crisis.Among a variety of materials developed as photocatalysts,the core-shell metal/covalent-organic framework(MOF or COF)photocatalysts have garnered significant attention due to their highly porous structure and the adjustability in both structure and functionality.The existing reviews on core-shell organic framework photocatalytic materials have mainly focused on core-shell MOF materials.However,there is still a lack of indepth reviews specifically addressing the photocatalytic performance of core-shell COFs and MOFs@COFs.Simultaneously,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review encompassing these three types of core-shell structures.Based on this,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and useful guidelines for the exploration of suitable core-shell organic framework photocatalysts towards appropriate photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental governance.Firstly,the classification,synthesis,formation mechanisms,and reasonable regulation of core-shell organic framework were summarized.Then,the photocatalytic applications of these three kinds of core-shell structures in different areas,such as H_(2)evolution,CO_(2)reduction,and pollutants degradation are emphasized.Finally,the main challenges and development prospects of core-shell organic framework photocatalysts were introduced.This review aims to provide insights into the development of a novel generation of efficient and stable core-shell organic framework materials for energy conversion and environmental remediation.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central PublicWelfare Scientific Research Institutes of China(No.2021-JY-37)the Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Joint Study(Phase I)(No.2022-YRUC-01-0202).
文摘Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177239 and 41991330)the“14th Five Year Plan”of Independent Deployment Project of Nanjing Institute of Soil Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISSASIP2213)。
文摘New pollutants have become a significant concern in China's efforts toward ecological and environmental protection.Trichloromethane(TCM,CHCl_3),one of these new pollutants,is primarily released into soil and groundwater through various industrial activities.Over the past four decades,researchers have consistently focused on the remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater using microorganisms and iron-based materials,which hold significant potential for practical application.Understanding the remediation process and the factors influencing TCM degradation through these two methods is crucial for advancing both theoretical research and practical implementation.This review focuses on the degradation mechanisms of TCM in soil and groundwater by microorganisms and iron-based materials.It summarizes the active microorganisms and modified iron-based materials with high TCM degradation capabilities,discusses enhancement measures for both methods in the remediation process,and finally,outlines the challenges faced by these methods.The goal is to provide theoretical references for efficient remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42471155,U2004181,and 41371092)partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.LH2024D025)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry,China(No.SKLFSE201917)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(No.192102310503)the National Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province Office of Education,China(No.14B170007)。
文摘The contact between contaminant and washing solution is a fundamental factor that limits the contaminant removal efficiency of chemical washing.In this study,the magnetization technique was employed to improve the physicochemical properties of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)solutions for the removal of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)from a contaminated clayey soil.Furthermore,EDTA concentration,magnetization strength,and magnetization time were varied as parameters for enhancing the contact between contaminant and washing solution to improve remediation efficiency.The results showed that after magnetization,the viscosities,surface tensions,and contact angles of EDTA solutions decreased,whereas the electrical conductivity and pH increased.In particular,the viscosities of high-concentration EDTA solutions increased with increasing magnetic field strength and magnetization time.The magnetized EDTA solutions increased the maximum removal rates of Cd and Pb by 64.46% and 35.49%,respectively,compared to the unmagnetized EDTA solutions.The results highlighted the efficient metal removal by magnetized washing solutions due to the better contact between the washing solutions and the contaminants.The magnetic-enhanced soil washing method was proven to be efficient,cost-effective,and easily implementable for enhancing heavy metal removal.This study provides a valuable reference for improving the efficiency of chemical washing for heavy metal-contaminated clayey soils.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100184,and U22A20617).
文摘Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41807116)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Nos.2023J01418,2019J05035,and 2022N0024)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau(No.CMGBKY202301)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University and Fuzhou University,China(No.TF2023-3)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus,China(No.2023T014).
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil.In this study,four magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))/polyaniline(PANI)nanocomposites,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.0)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.0)/PANI,and Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.5)/PANI,were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 g Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively,and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities.The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model,with Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^(-1) at 25℃.Then,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China(black,brown,cinnamon,and red),all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^(-1) after spiking.The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91%and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03%on average.In addition,soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation.Regarding the regeneration performance,a higher total Cd removal efficiency(27.89%–44.96%)was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.After two regeneration cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration,but its efficiency remained above 95%of or higher than those of virgin Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.The synthetic process of Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI was simple and cost-effective,and Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils,especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.
文摘The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter.The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil decontamination,and no need for excavation.During the last three decades,enhanced and hybrid EK systems were developed and tested for improving the efficiency of contaminants removal from soils.Chemically enhanced-EK processes exhibited excellent efficiency in removing contaminants by controlling the soil pH or the chemical reaction of contaminants.EK hybrid systems were tested to overcome environmental hurdles or technical drawbacks of decontamination technologies.Hybridization of the EK process with phytoremediation,bioremediation,or reactive filtermedia(RFM)improved the remediation process performance by capturing contaminants or facilitating biological agents’movement in the soil.Also,EK process coupling with solar energy was proposed to treat off-grid contaminated soils or reduce the EK energy requirements.This study reviews recent advancements in the enhancement and hybrid EK systems for soil remediation and the type of contaminants targeted by the process.The study also covered the impact of operating parameters,imperfect pollution separation,and differences in the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of soil/sediment on the EK performance.Finally,a comparison between various remediation processes was presented to highlight the pros and cons of these technologies.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478267,22438009,U24A20535)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu province(BK20243002)+1 种基金Prospective Application Research Project of Suzhou(SYC2022042)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Synthesizing highly efficient,low-toxicity catalysts for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils is crucial.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n-ZVI)is widely used in the treatment of pollutants due to its high catalytic activity.However,n-ZVI is prone to aggregation and passivation.Therefore,to design an environmentally friendly,efficient,and practical catalyst material,this study designed a nanoscale zero-valent iron-loaded biochar(BC)polyacrylic acid(PAA)composite materials.Biochar and polyacrylic acid can prevent the ag-gregation of zero-valent iron and provide a large number of functional groups.The iron on the carrier is uniformly distributed,exposing active sites and activating persulfate to remove anthracene(ANT)pollutants from the soil.The BC/PAA/Fe0 system can achieve an anthracene degradation efficiency of 93.7%in soil,and the degradation efficiency of anthracene remains around 90%under both acidic and alkaline con-$$ditions.Free radical capture experiments indicate that the degradation of anthracene proceeds through the radical pathways SO4,$OH,O2 and the non-radical pathway 1O2.In addition,possible degradation pathways for anthracene have been proposed.Plant planting experiments have shown that the catalyst designed in this study has low toxicity and has excellent application prospects in thefield of soil remediation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707902)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752168)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Programfor Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2024ZB393)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42407126).
文摘Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have been applied for the remediation of chromiumcontaminated soils,with varying degrees of success depending on soil type and contaminant form.However,the removal rate of total chromium(Cr)and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))often fluctuates based on the chemical composition of the leaching agents,as well as the soil’s physicochemical properties,such as pH and Cr speciation stability.Therefore,this study investigates the effectiveness of 20 composite leaching systems,including deionized water,lime water,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,and sodium phosphate,through soil column leaching tests.The aim was to evaluate their impact on soil pH,total Cr,and Cr(Ⅵ)removal,and to examine the transformation of various Cr species during the leaching process.Results reveal that lime water and sodium phosphate were particularly effective in stabilizing Cr(Ⅵ)and neutralizing soil pH,while total Cr removal amount ranged from 197.4 mg/kg to 1671.6 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ)removal amount ranged from 113.2mg/kg to 316.8mg/kg.We also find that using 0.2 mol/L citric acid,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,and 1.2 mL/g lime solution adjusted soil pH to 7.37,with average removal efficiencies of 34.6%.for total Cr and 72.7%for Cr(Ⅵ).Overall,our results suggest that the combined use of lime water and sodium phosphate is an effective strategy for remediating chromium-contaminated soil,particularly for stabilizing unleached Cr and adjusting soil pH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51709103)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2018JJ3242 and 2021JJ30362)the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Plan of High Tech Industry in Hunan Province(No.2021GK4055).
文摘The global concern surrounding the advancement of methods for treating wastewater and polluted soil has markedly increased over time.While electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)and biotreatments are commonly employed technologies for remediating wastewater and polluted soil,their widespread adoption is hindered by their limitations,which include high costs associated with EAOPs and prolonged remediation time of biotreatments.In the review,we provided an overviewof EAOP technology and biotreatment,emphasizing the critical aspects involved in building a combined system.This review systematically evaluates recent research that combines EAOPswith bioremediation for treating wastewater or contaminated soil as pretreatment or post-treatment process.Research findings suggest that the combined treatment method represents a promising and competitive technology that can overcome some of the limitations of individual treatments.Additionally,we discussed the potential applications of this technology in varying levels of wastewater and soil pollution,as well as the underlying combination mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1802101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52170149).
文摘High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption.Therefore,this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs,and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green economy.Ca-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay,absorb water and replenish system heat.In contrast,non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin clay.The soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation processes.The transitionmetal oxides and alkalimetal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,petroleum and emerging contaminants.In this system,reactive oxygen species(•O_(2)^(-)and•OH)are generated fromthermal excitation without strong chemical oxidants.Moreover,multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal catalysis.Alternatively,the alkali,nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive conditions.Especially,photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277057).
文摘Traditional in situ biogeochemical transformation suffers from competition among crucial microorganisms and inadequate formation of reactive minerals,thus leading to the accumulation of toxic intermediates.In this study,three regulation schemes were proposed to solve these problems from the perspective of engineering mode.Results showed intermittent injection mode effectively reduced the accumulation of toxic intermediates but the reduction rate of tetrachloroethylene was decreased.And periodical supplementation of carbon and sulfur sources accelerated the removal of tetrachloroethylene but failed to reduce the accumulation of toxic products.While,regular supplementation of sulfate effectively weakened the competition of methanogens and increased the iron sulfide proportion on the surface of the minerals,thus reducing the accumulation of toxicity.Based on the results,this study obtained an effective engineering approach for practical site application.In addition,the main forms of active minerals capable ofβ-eliminating contaminants during biogeochemical transformation were identified in this study,including FeS,FeS_(2),and Fe_(3)S_(4).Furthermore,the engineered regulatory mechanism of this study was summarized through the analysis of microbial community structure and mineral morphology.The amendment promotes the production of minerals and thus controls the transformation pathway of contaminants by altering the abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria and dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria.This mechanism can provide a basis for subsequent theoretical studies.
文摘Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are promising for realizing wastewater remediation and electricity co-generation,which may significantly promote the formation of an environmentally friendly,clean energy society.Unfortunately,most of the available MFCs show relatively low electricity generation.Anodes,the major component of MFCs,play the most critical role in electron transfer and organic decomposition,which directly determine the performance of MFCs.In the past decades,various carbonaceous materials and carbon-supported conductive composites have been extensively exploited to optimize the electron transfer on the anode due to their versatile properties,such as large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity.The development of anode materials with a particular structure and performance to satisfy field-scale long-term operation of MFCs remains a huge research challenge,which attracts great attention and urgently needs in-depth exploration of the material engineering of anodes for MFCs.In this review,recent advances in the development and optimization of anodes for MFCs are summarized,and applications of MFCs with advanced anodes in the remediation of different types of wastewater are discussed.Advances of anodes for promoting electron transfer,microbial attachment and organic decomposition are the main focuses.The superiorities of MFCs on different aspects of wastewater remediation are elucidated,along with perspectives on future research of MFCs,aiming to provide useful guidance in related fields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFC1808104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42227804 and 41931289).
文摘Due to severe mass transfer limitations,contaminated soils with low-permeability limit the accessibility of amendments,resulting in less effective or even ineffective remediation.Enhancing the mass transfer properties of low-permeability soils by hydraulic fracturing is a promising technique.A quasi-three-dimensional(quasi-3D)analytical model was presented that accounted for advection-diffusion-adsorption-degradation processes in the fracture-matrix system.The model combined the injection-extraction technique to investigate the enhanced transport of amendments in low-permeability contaminated soil by hydraulic fractures.Then,the injection strategy and controllable parameter optimization were comprehensively studied by analyzing the radial transport behavior of the amendment within hydraulic fractures.The results showed that higher injection volumetric rates accelerated the formation of a uniform line source within the fractures.Although the differences in the effective ratio of the amendment among different injection modes were not significant,considering the amendment utilization rate and cost reduction,the recommended injection strategy was the combination of continuous pulsing injection and periodic injection.
基金the financial sponsorship from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3905800)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021349)+5 种基金Guangdong Youth Talent Support Program(2021TQ06L121)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science in South China University of Technology(2022ZC01)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KCXFZ20211020163816023)financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan(No.2024040801020271)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.CKSF20241004/YT)the support from FINNCERES flagship and tenure track fund(91160169(TT/Bordoloi)。
文摘Soil contamination remains a global problem,and numerous studies have been published for investigating soil re-mediation.Thermal desorption remediation(TDR)can significantly reduce the contaminants in the soil within a short time and consequently has been used worldwide.However,the soil properties respond to TDR differently and are dependent on the experimental set-up.The causative mechanisms of these differences are yet to be fully elucidated.A statistical meta-analysis was thus undertaken to evaluate the TDR treatment effects on soil properties and plant per-formance.This review pointed out that soil clay was reduced by 54.2%,while soil sand content was enhanced by 15.2% after TDR.This might be due to the release of cementing agents from clay minerals that resulted in the formation of soil aggregates.Soil electrical conductivity enhanced by 69.5% after TDR,which might be due to the heating-induced loss of structural hydroxyl groups and the consequent liberation of ions.The treatment of TDR leads to the reduction of plant germination rate,length,and biomass by 19.4%,44.8%,and 20.2%,respectively,compared to that of control soil.This might be due to the residue of contaminants and the loss of soil fertility during the thermal process that inhibited plant germination and growth.Soil pH and sulfate content increased with heating temperature increased,while soil enzyme activities decreased with thermal temperature increased.Overall,the results suggested that TDR treatment has inhibited plant growth as well as ecological restoration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370083 and 52170088)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFTD0014)Key R&D Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.2023ZX02C01)for financial support。
文摘To develop more efficient catalysts and discover new materials to work towards efficient solutions to the growing environmental problems,machine learning(ML)offers viable new ideas.Due to its ability to process large-scale data and mine underlying patterns,ML has been widely used in the design and development of materials in recent years.The purpose of this manuscript is to summarize the research progress of ML to guide the development of materials in the environmental field and open new horizons for environmental pollution control.This manuscript firstly details the basic ML definitions and operational procedures.Secondly,it summarizes the main ways of applying ML in materials.Then it unfolds to introduce the specific application examples of ML in different materials.Finally,we summarize the shortcomings and research trends of ML in predicting material design.
基金Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3504100,2021YFB3500600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208170)+4 种基金Basic Scientific Research Expenses Program of Universities directly under Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(JY20220286)Cooperation Foundation for the Chunhui Plan Program of Ministry of Education of China(202200554)Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Opticelectric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,MOE(M2024-7)Open Project Program of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental RemediatiSon(PSMER2023008)the Open Foundation of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control(SEMPC2023004)。
文摘Rare earth elements are highly applicable in photocatalysis due to their partially filled 4f orbitals,existing in electronic structures that facilitate the transfer of electrons during the reaction process.Among these materials,CeO_(2)has a distinctive external electronic structure(4f^(1)5d^(1)6s^(2)),abundant oxygen vacancies,and strong conversion ability of Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+),which makes it an attractive candidate in the field of photocatalysis.To broaden its practical applications in the visible region,the drawbacks of a wide band gap and a slow Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)cycle have been addressed through the modification of CeO_(2),thereby accelerating light absorption and self-circulation,and enhancing photocatalytic activity.This paper presents a review of the preparation of modified CeO_(2)catalysts and their application in the conversion of cerium valence state in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water.Furthermore,this paper presents a summary of the most recent development and current challenges,as well as prospect for the application of modified CeO_(2)-based materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1202700)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C03011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21836003)。
文摘Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring.While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function,coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green,economic,and efficient remediation of contaminated sites.Hence,this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation,mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants.The rational design of materials structure,selective generation of reactive oxygen species,and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation.Meanwhile,current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants(i.e.,dechlorination,defluorination,-NO_(2) reduction)is introduced.Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites,several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view.This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975110 and 52102362)Taishan Youth Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909102)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021QB022,ZR2021ME012,and ZR2022QE036)State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles(Qingdao University).
文摘Recently,S-scheme heterojunctions have gained considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation as their potential to achieve efficient spatial charge separation coupled with strong redox capacities.Herein,this review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the development of S-scheme-based photocatalysts for the purification of environmental contaminants.The review first covers the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental purification.Subsequently,an introduction to the background,mechanism,design principles,and characterization techniques of S-scheme heterojunctions is presented.Then,the review presents a comparison and summary of using various S-scheme photocatalysts for the removal of several target pollutants,such as bacteria,heavy metals,nitrogen oxides,antibiotics,and phenols.Additionally,the modification strategies of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are also provided.Finally,a brief discussion of the challenges and prospects associated with S-scheme photocatalytic systems is demonstrated.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41907175)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory(WSRCR-2023-01)the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20230459).
文摘Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161145409,21976116)SAFEA of China("Belt and Road”Innovative Talent Exchange Foreign Expert Project#2023041004L)(High-end Foreign Expert Project#G2023041021L)the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation of Germany(GroupLinkage Program)。
文摘Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most promising strategies to deal with the environmental pollution and energy crisis.Among a variety of materials developed as photocatalysts,the core-shell metal/covalent-organic framework(MOF or COF)photocatalysts have garnered significant attention due to their highly porous structure and the adjustability in both structure and functionality.The existing reviews on core-shell organic framework photocatalytic materials have mainly focused on core-shell MOF materials.However,there is still a lack of indepth reviews specifically addressing the photocatalytic performance of core-shell COFs and MOFs@COFs.Simultaneously,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review encompassing these three types of core-shell structures.Based on this,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and useful guidelines for the exploration of suitable core-shell organic framework photocatalysts towards appropriate photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental governance.Firstly,the classification,synthesis,formation mechanisms,and reasonable regulation of core-shell organic framework were summarized.Then,the photocatalytic applications of these three kinds of core-shell structures in different areas,such as H_(2)evolution,CO_(2)reduction,and pollutants degradation are emphasized.Finally,the main challenges and development prospects of core-shell organic framework photocatalysts were introduced.This review aims to provide insights into the development of a novel generation of efficient and stable core-shell organic framework materials for energy conversion and environmental remediation.
