Nanoscale confinement environments often affect the transport mechanisms of nanofluids.Understanding the dynamic behavior of molecules in two-dimensional(2D)confined channels is of great importance in the areas of sen...Nanoscale confinement environments often affect the transport mechanisms of nanofluids.Understanding the dynamic behavior of molecules in two-dimensional(2D)confined channels is of great importance in the areas of sensing,catalysis and energy storage.As a popular candidate for a new type of gas sensing material,MXenes have the problem of nonselectivity towards polar gases with slow responses,which severely limits their applications.Here,we report a study on regulating the confinement effect of 2D channels between MXene layers through annealing treatment and ion(Na^(+))intercalation for high-performance ammonia(NH_(3))sensing.Firstly,the annealing treatment accurately modulates the size of the 2D channels to effectively block the entry of large-size gas molecules and improve the selectivity for NH_(3).Ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)also confirms that the modulated channel size has a special"nano-pumping effect",which can accelerate the dynamic behavior of NH_(3) molecules in the 2D confined space.Moreover,the intercalation of Na+ions increases the adsorption capacity of NH_(3).Therefore,the"nano-pumping effect"and theintercalation of Na+ions effectively enhance the response speed and sensitivity of MXene to NH_(3),respectively.The experimental results show that the modified Ti_(3)C_(2) exhibits high sensitivity(0.17),rapid response(181 s),excellent selectivity and stability towards NH_(3).展开更多
This paper summarized the technical regulations for protected production of netted melon in Yantai City,primarily including technical measures such as the environmental requirements of the production area,cultivation ...This paper summarized the technical regulations for protected production of netted melon in Yantai City,primarily including technical measures such as the environmental requirements of the production area,cultivation techniques,pest and disease control,harvesting,packaging,storage,waste management,and production records for netted melon grown in facilities.The technical regulations aim to standardize the protected production of netted melon and enhance the level of standardized and normative production technology.展开更多
This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and...This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.展开更多
As global trade networks deepen and trade patterns evolve,supply chain dynamics have emerged as a critical driver of high-quality development-particularly as reflected in firms’capacity to export higher-quality produ...As global trade networks deepen and trade patterns evolve,supply chain dynamics have emerged as a critical driver of high-quality development-particularly as reflected in firms’capacity to export higher-quality products.Drawing on new-new trade theory,this study incorporates supply chain behavior-specifically,the use of intermediate goods-into the analytical framework for determining export product quality.Theoretically,it posits that technical regulations on the supply chain influence export quality through two key channels:improvements in the quality of intermediate inputs and changes in their associated costs.Empirically,the study exploits China’s imposition of technical barriers to trade(TBT)on intermediate goods imports as a quasi-natural experiment,applying a difference-in-differences approach to firm-level export data from 2000 to 2014.The results show that supply chain technical regulations lead to significant improvements in the quality of exported final products.Mechanistically,the regulations raise the quality of imported intermediates,which in turn drive upgrades in final outputs,while leaving import costs largely unchanged-since compliance expenses are absorbed by foreign exporters rather than passed on to Chinese firms.Further analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in these effects,depending on both the type of regulation and firm characteristics.These variations reflect differences in regulatory intensity and in firms’sensitivity to supply chain changes,adaptability,and capacity to convert input quality into product upgrades.Overall,the findings suggest that strengthening supply-side regulatory standards-when properly designed-represents a strategic lever for improving product quality and enhancing firms’international competitiveness,offering valuable insights for trade policy and global supply chain governance.展开更多
Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulati...Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulations of the United States,the European Union,Japan and China.Then,the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The Chinese pharmacovigilance legislation has such problems as nontransparent formulation process,poor dynamic adaptability,insufficient use of the attention mechanism,fragmentation of laws and regulations,and poor connection of laws and regulations,which should be optimized.It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on pharmacovigilance legislation to provide practical guidance for optimizing pharmacovigilance legislation with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Diabetic wounds(DWs)are a major complication of diabetes mellitus,characterized by a complex patho-physiological microenvironment that is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality.Conventional management strate...Diabetic wounds(DWs)are a major complication of diabetes mellitus,characterized by a complex patho-physiological microenvironment that is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality.Conventional management strategies often fail to address the multifaceted nature of these wounds effectively.Recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of DW healing have spurred the development of a plethora of bioactive dressings designed to interact with and modulate the DW microenvironment.These innovations have culminated in the introduction of the“microenvironment-sensitive with on-demand management”paradigm aimed at delivering precision therapy responsive to dynamic changes within DW.Despite these advancements,the current literature lacks a comprehensive review that cate-gorizes and evaluates active,passive,and on-demand approaches that address the DW microenviron-ment.Herein,we describe the unique pathogenic mechanisms and microenvironmental characteristics that distinguish DW from normal acute wounds.This review provides an extensive overview of contem-porary active and passive management strategies incorporating on-demand management principles designed for DW microenvironments.Furthermore,it addresses the principal challenges faced in this therapeutic domain and outlines the potential innovations that can enhance the efficacy and specificity of bioactive dressings.The insights presented here aim to guide further research and development in the on-demand management of DW to improve patient outcomes by aligning personalized therapy modali-ties with the pathophysiological realities of DW.展开更多
According to the summary of many years of experiments, the application scope, basic demands, preparation before seeding, seeding demands, field management, mowing and harvesting, and other technical requirements of te...According to the summary of many years of experiments, the application scope, basic demands, preparation before seeding, seeding demands, field management, mowing and harvesting, and other technical requirements of technical regulations for planting of forage sweet sorghum were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, aiming to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of forage sweet sorghum.展开更多
According to many years of experimental summary, the technical demands, process control, seed test, seed quality and work record （ledger management） of cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds in Hebei Province w...According to many years of experimental summary, the technical demands, process control, seed test, seed quality and work record （ledger management） of cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds in Hebei Province were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds.展开更多
According to experiments in many years in Hebei Province, the research explored weed comprehensive control technology on millet fields in terms of application range, prevention rules, prevention object, agricultural c...According to experiments in many years in Hebei Province, the research explored weed comprehensive control technology on millet fields in terms of application range, prevention rules, prevention object, agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control and proposed specific methods and technological indices in order to provide technological references for comprehensive control on weeds of millet fields.展开更多
This paper uses the gravity model to examine the effect of environmental regulations on pork trade flows between different regions within China.We apply a linear programming tool to estimate pork trade flows from 2000...This paper uses the gravity model to examine the effect of environmental regulations on pork trade flows between different regions within China.We apply a linear programming tool to estimate pork trade flows from 2000 to 2008,and discuss the environmental acts on livestock pollution and income level to proxy environmental regulations.We use OLS regression and panel data with dummy variable in the cross-sectional GLS estimation.Our results indicate that the gap of environmental regulations between trade partners has a positive relationship with pork trade flows,and the difference in environmental regulations changes the traditional comparative advantage pattern to some extent.This paper provides convincing evidence for the pollution haven effect on livestock in China.展开更多
Occupational health and safety continues to be a major component of the built environment. The study investigates the effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry i...Occupational health and safety continues to be a major component of the built environment. The study investigates the effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry in Ghana and identifies the influencing factors. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among 49 stakeholders from four relevant groups—regulatory institutions, consultants, contractors, artisans and labourers. The findings of the study suggest that the existing occupational health and safety legal and regulatory framework is barely effective. Stakeholders were aware of the existence of some laws and regulations but mostly could not identify the specific laws and their relevant contents. Consequently, compliance is found to be irregular. The key recurring factors affecting effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations include: negligence and lack of priority for occupational health and safety, lack of training, lack of funds for occupational health and safety, lack of capacity of regulatory and supervisory institutions, and lack of occupational health and safety education within construction firms. The findings of the study are foundational in strategic interventions aimed at improving compliance with occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry of Ghana.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to explore the 100-year changes in regulations for the Florence Nightingale Medal.Methods: We used the announcements of the Florence Nightingale Medal awards as the research object to analy...Objective: This study aimed to explore the 100-year changes in regulations for the Florence Nightingale Medal.Methods: We used the announcements of the Florence Nightingale Medal awards as the research object to analyze-via historical and inductive methods-the regulations for receiving the Florence Nightingale Medal.Results: In the award years, the greatest number of winners per award year was 71 and the lowest was 12. The medal was initially exclusively awarded to living people but evolved to include both living and deceased people. The recipients were balanced among all countries. The gender of the winners showed a changing trend from being limited to only females to including both males and females.There was also a shift from emphasis on only dedication of the recipient to equal emphasis on both dedication and innovation.Conclusions: The selection criteria for recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal evolved from consideration of those showing only dedication to equal consideration of both dedication and innovation.展开更多
Technology for safe firing area maps was introduced firstly,and then potential danger after the launching of shells by an antiaircraft gun and a rocket was analyzed.Finally,problems in the process of applying the regu...Technology for safe firing area maps was introduced firstly,and then potential danger after the launching of shells by an antiaircraft gun and a rocket was analyzed.Finally,problems in the process of applying the regulations and their solutions were discussed.The application of safe firing area maps can provide technical support for the efficient development of weather modification operation.展开更多
This paper introduces the development of Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） technology, the progress in CCS demonstration projects, and regulations and policies related to CCS. Barriers and limitations for the large-s...This paper introduces the development of Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） technology, the progress in CCS demonstration projects, and regulations and policies related to CCS. Barriers and limitations for the large-scale deployment of CCS are discussed. CCS and different technological solutions for emission reduction （e.g., energy conservation and renewable energy） are compared. The analysis shows that China should carefully evaluate the negative impacts of CCS deployment and needs to enhance the research and development input in CCS in order to master core technologies of CCS systems. Furthermore, CCS incentives should depend on actual CCS development. Based on the current situation, China may need to focus on retrofitting existing thermal power plants with CCS technology, so CCS can be promoted for future large-scale application.展开更多
According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fo...According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor （L.） Moench.展开更多
Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care sy...Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care system.However,the rising cost of Western drugs and the increasing number of people frequenting TCM has driven the government to search for cheaper options and to look into its safe practice.In 1992,the government mandated all TCM herbal products to be registered with the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau.All TCM products sold in Malaysia are now Good Manufacturing Practice certified.The government has also established a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division within the Ministry of Health.Between 2008 and 2014,a traditional and complementary medicine unit was set up in major hospitals in all states.TCM is one of the main services offered by the unit.In 2016,the government enacted the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act to regulate the TCM practice.Subsequently,a 10-vear blueprint has been drawn to support the development of all traditional and complementary medicines in Malaysia.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the regulatory development of TCM in Malaysia.展开更多
Riyadh city is the fastest growing city in Saudi Arabia. The rapid urban growth that happened recently in Riyadh was not based on the traditional urban planning principles, which have been established and applied for ...Riyadh city is the fastest growing city in Saudi Arabia. The rapid urban growth that happened recently in Riyadh was not based on the traditional urban planning principles, which have been established and applied for the city development process. The imported building regulations have created a new urban structures and street patterns. The contemporary urban form in Riyadh city is based mainly on traffic and economic consideration with the neglect of environmental dimensions. This research aims to examine the impacts of building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings in Riyadh city, with the ultimate goal of establishing planning guidelines that consider the environmental conditions of the city. The methodology adopted for achieving the aim of this study consists of two phases. First, the literature related to building regulations development in Riyadh, as of 2018, was reviewed. Second, buildings energy simulation was conducted to examine the thermal performance of the typical current status of residential building blocks in Riyadh city, and then several changes to building regulations were made to investigate their impacts on the thermal performance of buildings. The results showed that the impacts of Riyadh building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings differ across the evaluated cases. The ratio of building height to street width, urban block street orientation, and building orientation are the main factors affecting thermal performance of buildings within urban block. The study also concludes that adjusting the ratio of building height to the distance between buildings could have a significant impact in reducing cooling loads. This study will help policy makers, planners and designers to investigate the shortcoming in the current building regulations.展开更多
A greater focus of environmental protection is directed toward environmental regulations in China. This paper focuses on environmental regulations and their impact on textile industry. The academic circle does not rea...A greater focus of environmental protection is directed toward environmental regulations in China. This paper focuses on environmental regulations and their impact on textile industry. The academic circle does not reach a consensus on the relationship between environmental regulations and international competitiveness. Some hold the view that environmental regulations lower international competitiveness while others think that environmental regulations improve both environment and economic performance. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of textile industry in China. This study starts with theories relative to this subject; the second part, based on the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on competitiveness, analyzes the environmental impact on textile from the perspective of cost and market. The conceptual exploration comes to the conclusion that environmental regulations make a negative impact on the international competitiveness on the cost side and improve it by means ofinnovation and product differentiation on market side; the third part gives time series evidence to examine the impact. In this part the Pearson Correlation Analysis is conducted based on the data of China's textile industry of the period from 1991 to 2005. It turns out to prove that the negative environmental impact on cost side exceeds the positive environmental impact on market side, namely, environmental regulations deteriorate the international competitiveness in textile industry as a whole during the inspected period.展开更多
Introduction Excessive narrowing of airways is the most important pathological feature of asthma,but its mechanism remains puzzling.One certain thing is that the contraction of airway smooth muscle(ASM)ultimately caus...Introduction Excessive narrowing of airways is the most important pathological feature of asthma,but its mechanism remains puzzling.One certain thing is that the contraction of airway smooth muscle(ASM)ultimately causes airway narrowing,thus both structural and functional alterations of airway smooth muscle(ASM)are thought as common final pathway responsible for the bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR),the hall mark of asthma.Many chemical and physical factors such as air pollutants,inflammatory agents,mechanical and geometrical properties of the microenvironment could influence structure and/or function of ASM cells.In addition,some re-展开更多
This paper summarized the regulations related to dishwasher detergents from four perspectives:cleaning performance,rinsing performance,energy and water consumption during usage,environmental and biological safety.Fina...This paper summarized the regulations related to dishwasher detergents from four perspectives:cleaning performance,rinsing performance,energy and water consumption during usage,environmental and biological safety.Finally,the trend of detergents for auto-dishwasher has been summarized.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52422505 and 12274124)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52321002).
文摘Nanoscale confinement environments often affect the transport mechanisms of nanofluids.Understanding the dynamic behavior of molecules in two-dimensional(2D)confined channels is of great importance in the areas of sensing,catalysis and energy storage.As a popular candidate for a new type of gas sensing material,MXenes have the problem of nonselectivity towards polar gases with slow responses,which severely limits their applications.Here,we report a study on regulating the confinement effect of 2D channels between MXene layers through annealing treatment and ion(Na^(+))intercalation for high-performance ammonia(NH_(3))sensing.Firstly,the annealing treatment accurately modulates the size of the 2D channels to effectively block the entry of large-size gas molecules and improve the selectivity for NH_(3).Ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)also confirms that the modulated channel size has a special"nano-pumping effect",which can accelerate the dynamic behavior of NH_(3) molecules in the 2D confined space.Moreover,the intercalation of Na+ions increases the adsorption capacity of NH_(3).Therefore,the"nano-pumping effect"and theintercalation of Na+ions effectively enhance the response speed and sensitivity of MXene to NH_(3),respectively.The experimental results show that the modified Ti_(3)C_(2) exhibits high sensitivity(0.17),rapid response(181 s),excellent selectivity and stability towards NH_(3).
基金Supported by The Teaching Reform Research Project of Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University(202302Ks)Yantai Local Standard Revision Program(DB 3706/T 73-2021).
文摘This paper summarized the technical regulations for protected production of netted melon in Yantai City,primarily including technical measures such as the environmental requirements of the production area,cultivation techniques,pest and disease control,harvesting,packaging,storage,waste management,and production records for netted melon grown in facilities.The technical regulations aim to standardize the protected production of netted melon and enhance the level of standardized and normative production technology.
基金Tianjin Education Commission Research Program,Humanities and Social Sciences,(Project No.:2022SK064)Innovation Training Program at Tianjin Normal University in 2024,“Research on the Function of Rural Norms in Source Governance of Disputes from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization”(Project No.:202410065027)。
文摘This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.
基金supported by a major project from the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,“Research on Open Development and High-Quality Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta Region”(Grant No.22JJD790035).
文摘As global trade networks deepen and trade patterns evolve,supply chain dynamics have emerged as a critical driver of high-quality development-particularly as reflected in firms’capacity to export higher-quality products.Drawing on new-new trade theory,this study incorporates supply chain behavior-specifically,the use of intermediate goods-into the analytical framework for determining export product quality.Theoretically,it posits that technical regulations on the supply chain influence export quality through two key channels:improvements in the quality of intermediate inputs and changes in their associated costs.Empirically,the study exploits China’s imposition of technical barriers to trade(TBT)on intermediate goods imports as a quasi-natural experiment,applying a difference-in-differences approach to firm-level export data from 2000 to 2014.The results show that supply chain technical regulations lead to significant improvements in the quality of exported final products.Mechanistically,the regulations raise the quality of imported intermediates,which in turn drive upgrades in final outputs,while leaving import costs largely unchanged-since compliance expenses are absorbed by foreign exporters rather than passed on to Chinese firms.Further analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in these effects,depending on both the type of regulation and firm characteristics.These variations reflect differences in regulatory intensity and in firms’sensitivity to supply chain changes,adaptability,and capacity to convert input quality into product upgrades.Overall,the findings suggest that strengthening supply-side regulatory standards-when properly designed-represents a strategic lever for improving product quality and enhancing firms’international competitiveness,offering valuable insights for trade policy and global supply chain governance.
文摘Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulations of the United States,the European Union,Japan and China.Then,the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The Chinese pharmacovigilance legislation has such problems as nontransparent formulation process,poor dynamic adaptability,insufficient use of the attention mechanism,fragmentation of laws and regulations,and poor connection of laws and regulations,which should be optimized.It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on pharmacovigilance legislation to provide practical guidance for optimizing pharmacovigilance legislation with Chinese characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22408078,82401057,32101170)the Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Excellence Funding Program-Special Support(ZJ2024004).
文摘Diabetic wounds(DWs)are a major complication of diabetes mellitus,characterized by a complex patho-physiological microenvironment that is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality.Conventional management strategies often fail to address the multifaceted nature of these wounds effectively.Recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of DW healing have spurred the development of a plethora of bioactive dressings designed to interact with and modulate the DW microenvironment.These innovations have culminated in the introduction of the“microenvironment-sensitive with on-demand management”paradigm aimed at delivering precision therapy responsive to dynamic changes within DW.Despite these advancements,the current literature lacks a comprehensive review that cate-gorizes and evaluates active,passive,and on-demand approaches that address the DW microenviron-ment.Herein,we describe the unique pathogenic mechanisms and microenvironmental characteristics that distinguish DW from normal acute wounds.This review provides an extensive overview of contem-porary active and passive management strategies incorporating on-demand management principles designed for DW microenvironments.Furthermore,it addresses the principal challenges faced in this therapeutic domain and outlines the potential innovations that can enhance the efficacy and specificity of bioactive dressings.The insights presented here aim to guide further research and development in the on-demand management of DW to improve patient outcomes by aligning personalized therapy modali-ties with the pathophysiological realities of DW.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)~~
文摘According to the summary of many years of experiments, the application scope, basic demands, preparation before seeding, seeding demands, field management, mowing and harvesting, and other technical requirements of technical regulations for planting of forage sweet sorghum were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, aiming to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of forage sweet sorghum.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)~~
文摘According to many years of experimental summary, the technical demands, process control, seed test, seed quality and work record （ledger management） of cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds in Hebei Province were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)Hebei Province Key Technology Research and Development Program(09250307D)~~
文摘According to experiments in many years in Hebei Province, the research explored weed comprehensive control technology on millet fields in terms of application range, prevention rules, prevention object, agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control and proposed specific methods and technological indices in order to provide technological references for comprehensive control on weeds of millet fields.
基金supported by Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education[12YJCZH275]
文摘This paper uses the gravity model to examine the effect of environmental regulations on pork trade flows between different regions within China.We apply a linear programming tool to estimate pork trade flows from 2000 to 2008,and discuss the environmental acts on livestock pollution and income level to proxy environmental regulations.We use OLS regression and panel data with dummy variable in the cross-sectional GLS estimation.Our results indicate that the gap of environmental regulations between trade partners has a positive relationship with pork trade flows,and the difference in environmental regulations changes the traditional comparative advantage pattern to some extent.This paper provides convincing evidence for the pollution haven effect on livestock in China.
文摘Occupational health and safety continues to be a major component of the built environment. The study investigates the effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry in Ghana and identifies the influencing factors. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among 49 stakeholders from four relevant groups—regulatory institutions, consultants, contractors, artisans and labourers. The findings of the study suggest that the existing occupational health and safety legal and regulatory framework is barely effective. Stakeholders were aware of the existence of some laws and regulations but mostly could not identify the specific laws and their relevant contents. Consequently, compliance is found to be irregular. The key recurring factors affecting effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations include: negligence and lack of priority for occupational health and safety, lack of training, lack of funds for occupational health and safety, lack of capacity of regulatory and supervisory institutions, and lack of occupational health and safety education within construction firms. The findings of the study are foundational in strategic interventions aimed at improving compliance with occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry of Ghana.
基金supported by the Special Fund of Key Discipline Construction(the characteristic subject of Nursing course)of Shanxi Province in China
文摘Objective: This study aimed to explore the 100-year changes in regulations for the Florence Nightingale Medal.Methods: We used the announcements of the Florence Nightingale Medal awards as the research object to analyze-via historical and inductive methods-the regulations for receiving the Florence Nightingale Medal.Results: In the award years, the greatest number of winners per award year was 71 and the lowest was 12. The medal was initially exclusively awarded to living people but evolved to include both living and deceased people. The recipients were balanced among all countries. The gender of the winners showed a changing trend from being limited to only females to including both males and females.There was also a shift from emphasis on only dedication of the recipient to equal emphasis on both dedication and innovation.Conclusions: The selection criteria for recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal evolved from consideration of those showing only dedication to equal consideration of both dedication and innovation.
基金Supported by Project for Research on Meteorological Science and Technology of Weifang Meteorological Bureau(2016wfqxkt04)
文摘Technology for safe firing area maps was introduced firstly,and then potential danger after the launching of shells by an antiaircraft gun and a rocket was analyzed.Finally,problems in the process of applying the regulations and their solutions were discussed.The application of safe firing area maps can provide technical support for the efficient development of weather modification operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China under Grant No.70825001 and 70941039
文摘This paper introduces the development of Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） technology, the progress in CCS demonstration projects, and regulations and policies related to CCS. Barriers and limitations for the large-scale deployment of CCS are discussed. CCS and different technological solutions for emission reduction （e.g., energy conservation and renewable energy） are compared. The analysis shows that China should carefully evaluate the negative impacts of CCS deployment and needs to enhance the research and development input in CCS in order to master core technologies of CCS systems. Furthermore, CCS incentives should depend on actual CCS development. Based on the current situation, China may need to focus on retrofitting existing thermal power plants with CCS technology, so CCS can be promoted for future large-scale application.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)~~
文摘According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor （L.） Moench.
文摘Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care system.However,the rising cost of Western drugs and the increasing number of people frequenting TCM has driven the government to search for cheaper options and to look into its safe practice.In 1992,the government mandated all TCM herbal products to be registered with the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau.All TCM products sold in Malaysia are now Good Manufacturing Practice certified.The government has also established a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division within the Ministry of Health.Between 2008 and 2014,a traditional and complementary medicine unit was set up in major hospitals in all states.TCM is one of the main services offered by the unit.In 2016,the government enacted the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act to regulate the TCM practice.Subsequently,a 10-vear blueprint has been drawn to support the development of all traditional and complementary medicines in Malaysia.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the regulatory development of TCM in Malaysia.
文摘Riyadh city is the fastest growing city in Saudi Arabia. The rapid urban growth that happened recently in Riyadh was not based on the traditional urban planning principles, which have been established and applied for the city development process. The imported building regulations have created a new urban structures and street patterns. The contemporary urban form in Riyadh city is based mainly on traffic and economic consideration with the neglect of environmental dimensions. This research aims to examine the impacts of building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings in Riyadh city, with the ultimate goal of establishing planning guidelines that consider the environmental conditions of the city. The methodology adopted for achieving the aim of this study consists of two phases. First, the literature related to building regulations development in Riyadh, as of 2018, was reviewed. Second, buildings energy simulation was conducted to examine the thermal performance of the typical current status of residential building blocks in Riyadh city, and then several changes to building regulations were made to investigate their impacts on the thermal performance of buildings. The results showed that the impacts of Riyadh building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings differ across the evaluated cases. The ratio of building height to street width, urban block street orientation, and building orientation are the main factors affecting thermal performance of buildings within urban block. The study also concludes that adjusting the ratio of building height to the distance between buildings could have a significant impact in reducing cooling loads. This study will help policy makers, planners and designers to investigate the shortcoming in the current building regulations.
文摘A greater focus of environmental protection is directed toward environmental regulations in China. This paper focuses on environmental regulations and their impact on textile industry. The academic circle does not reach a consensus on the relationship between environmental regulations and international competitiveness. Some hold the view that environmental regulations lower international competitiveness while others think that environmental regulations improve both environment and economic performance. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of textile industry in China. This study starts with theories relative to this subject; the second part, based on the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on competitiveness, analyzes the environmental impact on textile from the perspective of cost and market. The conceptual exploration comes to the conclusion that environmental regulations make a negative impact on the international competitiveness on the cost side and improve it by means ofinnovation and product differentiation on market side; the third part gives time series evidence to examine the impact. In this part the Pearson Correlation Analysis is conducted based on the data of China's textile industry of the period from 1991 to 2005. It turns out to prove that the negative environmental impact on cost side exceeds the positive environmental impact on market side, namely, environmental regulations deteriorate the international competitiveness in textile industry as a whole during the inspected period.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 11172340)Training Program for Hundreds of Distinguished Leading Scientists of Chongqing+3 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.CSTC2010BA5001,CSTC2012jjA0588)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.CQDXWL-2012-123)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20120191120032)Sharing Fund of Chongqing University's LargeScale Equipment(Grant No.2010063057,2011063048,2011063049)
文摘Introduction Excessive narrowing of airways is the most important pathological feature of asthma,but its mechanism remains puzzling.One certain thing is that the contraction of airway smooth muscle(ASM)ultimately causes airway narrowing,thus both structural and functional alterations of airway smooth muscle(ASM)are thought as common final pathway responsible for the bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR),the hall mark of asthma.Many chemical and physical factors such as air pollutants,inflammatory agents,mechanical and geometrical properties of the microenvironment could influence structure and/or function of ASM cells.In addition,some re-
文摘This paper summarized the regulations related to dishwasher detergents from four perspectives:cleaning performance,rinsing performance,energy and water consumption during usage,environmental and biological safety.Finally,the trend of detergents for auto-dishwasher has been summarized.
