BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common complication of previous surgeries and remain a persistent issue in clinical practice,posing a significant burden on healthcare systems despite advances in education and tech...BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common complication of previous surgeries and remain a persistent issue in clinical practice,posing a significant burden on healthcare systems despite advances in education and technology.Surgical techniques,primarily involving the use of mesh to cover the abdominal wall gap,are widely used as a standard intervention strategy.AIM To examine the regeneration of the aponeurosis defect in the anterior abdominal wall in rats using regenerative mimetic factors of the extracellular matrix[ReGeneraTing Agent(RGTA)],adipose tissue micrografts(ATM),and platelet rich plasma(PRP)as regenerative agents.METHODS Regenerative agents such as RGTA,ATM,and PRP are gaining popularity.ATM involves autologous adipose tissue cells with mesenchymal stem cell markers and a high percentage of stromal vascular fraction cells.RGTAs are heparan sulfate(HS)mimetics that replace degraded HSs in damaged tissue,enhancing the quality and speed of repair.PRP is a concentrated plasma preparation containing seven fundamental proteins responsible for tissue production.An acellular dermal matrix is a biological implant free of cellular or antigenic components,making it an excellent material for reconstructive surgery.Polyglactin is a synthetic,absorbable mesh that loses 50%of its strength after fourteen days,providing initial support for new tissue regeneration before being completely absorbed.RESULTS Rats will undergo a laparotomy with a precise 2 cm by 2 cm excision of the anterior abdominal wall fascia below the umbilicus.They will be divided into sixteen groups,each receiving different combinations of regenerative factor injections into the denervated area in both non-contaminated and contaminated environments.A collagenelastin matrix will be used to join the aponeurosis edges,with an absorbable polyglactin mesh anchored over it.Samples will be taken for macroscopic,histological,and immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue regeneration.CONCLUSION Our study aims to demonstrate how these factors promote cell proliferation and healing of the denervated anterior abdominal wall,potentially reducing the frequency and complications of incisional hernias.This approach could offer a more economical and efficient treatment option compared to current costly methods.展开更多
Due to the complex high-temperature characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel,the research on the long-term working process of parallel channel structure under variable working conditions,especially under high heat-mass rat...Due to the complex high-temperature characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel,the research on the long-term working process of parallel channel structure under variable working conditions,especially under high heat-mass ratio,has not been systematically carried out.In this paper,the heat transfer and flow characteristics of related high temperature fuels are studied by using typical engine parallel channel structure.Through numeri⁃cal simulation and systematic experimental verification,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of parallel chan⁃nels under typical working conditions are obtained,and the effectiveness of high-precision calculation method is preliminarily established.It is known that the stable time required for hot start of regenerative cooling engine is about 50 s,and the flow resistance of parallel channel structure first increases and then decreases with the in⁃crease of equivalence ratio(The following equivalence ratio is expressed byΦ),and there is a flow resistance peak in the range ofΦ=0.5~0.8.This is mainly caused by the coupling effect of high temperature physical proper⁃ties,flow rate and pressure of fuel in parallel channels.At the same time,the cooling and heat transfer character⁃istics of parallel channels under some conditions of high heat-mass ratio are obtained,and the main factors affect⁃ing the heat transfer of parallel channels such as improving surface roughness and strengthening heat transfer are mastered.In the experiment,whenΦis less than 0.9,the phenomenon of local heat transfer enhancement and deterioration can be obviously observed,and the temperature rise of local structures exceeds 200℃,which is the risk of structural damage.Therefore,the reliability of long-term parallel channel structure under the condition of high heat-mass ratio should be fully considered in structural design.展开更多
A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefo...A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration is a central focus of regenerative medicine,with applications in orthopedics and dentistry,particularly for treating bone defects caused by trauma,infection,or congenital anomalies.Synthet...BACKGROUND Bone regeneration is a central focus of regenerative medicine,with applications in orthopedics and dentistry,particularly for treating bone defects caused by trauma,infection,or congenital anomalies.Synthetic biomaterials,often combined with fibrin derivatives,offer promising solutions for bone healing and restoration.AIM To Explore the increasingly important role of the association of synthetic biomaterials with fibrin in bone regeneration.METHODS Search terms included:“synthetic biomaterials AND fibrin sealant”,“hydroxyapatite AND fibrin sealant”,“tricalcium phosphate AND fibrin sealant”,and“synthetic biomaterials AND platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)”,resulting in 67 articles.After rigorous screening,21 articles met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS The reviewed studies assessed biomaterials like hydroxyapatite(HA),β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP),and fibrin-based products.Key findings highlighted the enhanced osteoconductivity and biocompatibility of HA andβ-TCP,especially when combined with fibrin sealants.These composites show significant potential for improving cellular adhesion,promoting osteogenic differentiation,and accelerating bone regeneration.The antimicrobial properties and structural support for cell growth of certain biomaterials indicate a promising potential for clinical applic-ations.CONCLUSION This systematic review emphasizes the growing role of fibrin-based biomaterials in bone regeneration and urges continued research to improve their clinical use for complex bone defects.展开更多
Adipose tissue has emerged as a rich and clinically relevant source of regenerative cells.It offers a minimally invasive,abundant,and autologous reservoir for therapeutic applications.Among its cellular components,the...Adipose tissue has emerged as a rich and clinically relevant source of regenerative cells.It offers a minimally invasive,abundant,and autologous reservoir for therapeutic applications.Among its cellular components,the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)and adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)have gained considerable attention due to their potent regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities.SVF is a heterogeneous mixture of cells,whereas ASCs constitute a more homogeneous mesenchymal stem cell-like population obtained through in vitro expansion.Together,these cell populations(SVF and ASCs)are described as“living drugs”,as they are viable and act as dynamic biological agents within the body.Unlike conventional medicines,living drugs exert therapeutic effects not only through direct differentiation but also via the secretion of bioactive molecules,including cytokines,growth factors,and extracellular vesicles.These secreted factors can modulate the surrounding microenvironment,enhance tissue repair,and regulate immune responses.Such paracrine mechanisms often play a more significant role than direct cell replacement,making living drugs versatile tools for regenerative medicine.This review provides a comprehensive overview of SVF and ASCs as living drugs.It discusses their cellular composition,mechanisms of action,methods of isolation,and the regenerative biomolecules they secrete.Furthermore,it explores current and emerging clinical applications,challenges,and future innovations.展开更多
In liquid rocket engines,regenerative cooling technology is essential for preserving structural integrity under extreme thermal loads.However,non-uniform coolant flow distribution within the cooling channels often lea...In liquid rocket engines,regenerative cooling technology is essential for preserving structural integrity under extreme thermal loads.However,non-uniform coolant flow distribution within the cooling channels often leads to localized overheating,posing serious risks to engine reliability and operational lifespan.This study employs a three-dimensional fluid–thermal coupled numerical model to systematically investigate the influence of geometric parameters-specifically the number of inlets,the number of channels,and inlet manifold configurations-on flow uniformity and thermal distribution in non-pyrolysis zones.Key findings reveal that increasing the number of inlets from one to three significantly enhances flow uniformity,reducing mass flow rate deviation from 1.2%to below 0.3%.However,further increasing the inlets to five yields only marginal improvements indicating diminishing(<0.1%),returns beyond three inlets.Additionally,temperature non-uniformity at the combustion chamber throat decreases by 37%-from 3050 K with 18 channels to 1915 K with 30 channels-highlighting the critical role of channel density in effective thermal regulation.Notably,while higher channel counts improve cooling efficiency,they also result in increased pressure losses of approximately 18%–22%,emphasizing the need to balance thermal performance against hydraulic resistance.An optimal configuration comprising 24 channels and three inlets was identified,providing minimal temperature gradients while maintaining acceptable pressure losses.The inlet manifold structure also plays a pivotal role in determining flow distribution.Configuration 3(Config-3),which features an enlarged manifold and reduced inlet velocity,achieves a 40%reduction in velocity fluctuations compared to Configuration 1(Config-1).This improvement leads to a more uniform mass flow distribution,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of less than 0.15%.Furthermore,this design effectively mitigates localized hot spots near the nozzle-where temperature gradients are most severe-achieving a reduction of approximately 1135 K.展开更多
The potential of regenerative medicine in the clinical space is vast,given its ability to repair and replace damaged tissues,restore lost functions due to age or disease,and transform personalized therapy.Traditional ...The potential of regenerative medicine in the clinical space is vast,given its ability to repair and replace damaged tissues,restore lost functions due to age or disease,and transform personalized therapy.Traditional regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have created specialized tissues using progenitor cells and various biological stimuli.To date,there are many US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved regenerative medicine therapies,such as those for wound healing and orthopedic injuries.Nonetheless,these therapies face challenges,including off-target effects,a lack of precision,and failure to target the disease or injury at its origin.In search of novel,precise,and efficient alternatives,the regenerative medicine landscape is shifting towards genome engineering technologies,particularly gene editing.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-based gene editing systems enable precise knock-ins,knockouts,transcriptional activation and repression,as well as specific base conversions.This advancement has allowed researchers to treat genetic and degenerative diseases,control cell fate for highly regulated tissue repair,and enhance tissue functions.In this review,we explore the progress and future prospects of CRISPR technologies in regenerative medicine,focusing on how gene editing has led to advanced therapeutic applications and served as a versatile research tool for understanding tissue development and disease progression.展开更多
Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)therapy is a promising regenerative medicine strategy derived from adipose tissue,containing a heterogeneous mix of cells,including adipose-derived stem,endothelial,and immune cells.Despi...Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)therapy is a promising regenerative medicine strategy derived from adipose tissue,containing a heterogeneous mix of cells,including adipose-derived stem,endothelial,and immune cells.Despite its potential in treating conditions like osteoarthritis,chronic wounds,and myo-cardial ischemia,significant challenges impede its clinical translation.Key obstacles include biological variability in SVF composition,unclear mechanisms of action,regulatory ambiguities,and the technical difficulty of ensuring stan-dardized and scalable isolation methods.Furthermore,patient-specific factors,ethical concerns,and the need for comprehensive efficacy assessment complicate clinical application.Addressing these challenges requires advancements in technology,regulatory flexibility,interdisciplinary collaboration,and person-alized therapeutic approaches.Innovations such as automated isolation systems,advanced biomaterials,and CRISPR-based gene editing are potential solutions to improve the therapeutic reliability of SVF.A structured roadmap,including preclinical research,regulatory approval,and post-market surveillance,is proposed to advance SVF therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice.Future directions should focus on large-scale clinical trials,biomarker development,real-world evidence generation,and standardization of protocols to enhance the safety,efficacy,and accessibility of SVF,ultimately realizing its potential as a versatile therapeutic in regenerative medicine.展开更多
Conjunctival goblet cells are of great significance to the ocular surface.By secreting mucins-particularly MUC5AC-they play a pivotal role in stabilizing the tear film,safeguarding the cornea from environmental insult...Conjunctival goblet cells are of great significance to the ocular surface.By secreting mucins-particularly MUC5AC-they play a pivotal role in stabilizing the tear film,safeguarding the cornea from environmental insults,and preserving overall ocular homeostasis.Over the past decade,remarkable progress has been made in understanding the distinctive biological characteristics and regenerative potential of these specialized cells,opening novel avenues for treating various ocular surface disorders,ranging from dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis to more severe conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome.This review comprehensively examines the morphology,function,and regulation of conjunctival goblet cells.Advanced imaging modalities,such as transmission electron microscopy,have provided in-depth insights into their ultrastructure.Densely packed mucin granules and a specialized secretory apparatus have been uncovered,highlighting the cells’proficiency in producing and releasing MUC5AC.These structural characterizations have significantly enhanced our understanding of how goblet cells contribute to maintaining a stable and protective mucosal barrier,which is crucial for ocular surface integrity.The review further delves into the intricate signaling networks governing the differentiation and regeneration of these cells.Key pathways,including Notch,Wnt/β-catenin,and TGF-β,have emerged as essential regulators of cell fate decisions,ensuring that goblet cells maintain their specialized functions.Critical transcription factors,such as Klf4,Klf5,and SPDEF,have been identified as indispensable for driving the differentiation process and sustaining the mature phenotype of goblet cells.Additionally,the modulatory effects of inflammatory mediators-such as IL-6,IL-13,and TNF-α-and growth factors,such as EGF and FGF,are explored.These molecular insights offer a robust framework for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ocular surface diseases,wherein the dysregulation of these processes often results in diminished goblet cell numbers and impaired tear film stability.Innovative methodological approaches have provided a strong impetus to this field.The development of three-dimensional(3D)in vitro culture systems that replicate the native conjunctival microenvironment has enabled more physiologically relevant investigations of goblet cell biology.Moreover,the integration of stem cell technologies-including the use of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs)-has made it possible to generate goblet cell-like epithelia,thereby presenting promising strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.The application of artificial intelligence in optimizing drug screening and biomaterial scaffold design represents an exciting frontier that may accelerate the translation of these findings into effective clinical interventions.In conclusion,this review underscores the central role of conjunctival goblet cells in preserving ocular surface health and illuminates the transformative potential of emerging regenerative approaches.Continued research focused on deciphering the intricate molecular mechanisms governing goblet cell function and regeneration is essential for developing innovative,targeted therapies that can significantly improve the management of ocular surface diseases and enhance patient quality of life.展开更多
The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control...The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.展开更多
Regenerative braking was the process of converting the kinetic energy and potential energy, which were stored in the vehicle body when vehicle braked or went downhill, into electrical energy and storing it into batter...Regenerative braking was the process of converting the kinetic energy and potential energy, which were stored in the vehicle body when vehicle braked or went downhill, into electrical energy and storing it into battery. The problem on how to distribute braking forces of front wheel and rear wheel for electric vehicles with four-wheel drive was more complex than that for electric vehicles with front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive. In this work, the frictional braking forces distribution curve of front wheel and rear wheel is determined by optimizing the braking force distribution curve of hydraulic proportional-adjustable valve, and then the safety brake range is obtained correspondingly. A new braking force distribution strategy based on regenerative braking strength continuity is proposed to solve the braking force distribution problem for electric vehicles with four-wheel drive. Highway fuel economy test(HWFET) driving condition is used to provide the speed signals, the braking force equations of front wheel and rear wheel are expressed with linear equations. The feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of the new braking force distribution strategy based on regenerative braking strength continuity are verified by regenerative braking strength simulation curve and braking force distribution simulation curves of front wheel and rear wheel. The proposed strategy is simple in structure, easy to be implemented and worthy being spread.展开更多
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension is a poorly understood condition characterized by portal hypertension in the absence of conventional hepatic cirrhosis and described in association with blood coagulation disorders, m...Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension is a poorly understood condition characterized by portal hypertension in the absence of conventional hepatic cirrhosis and described in association with blood coagulation disorders, myeloproliferative and immunological diseases and with exposure to toxic drugs. Very recently, precise classification criteria have been proposed in order to define four distinct subcategories. The present case highlights how the clinical presentation, the confounding results from imaging studies, and the difficulties in the histological evaluation often render cases of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension a real diagnostic challenge. It also underscores the classification problems which can be faced once this diagnosis is performed. Indeed, the different subcategories proposed result from the prevalent subtypes in a spectrum of hepatic regenerative responses to a variety of injuries determining microcirculatory dis-turbances. More flexibility in classification should derive from this etiopathogenic background.展开更多
An applicable method to control regenerative cutting chatter automatically based on the optimal regulation of spindle speed is introduced. The optimal value of the phase shift angle of the regenerative chatter signal ...An applicable method to control regenerative cutting chatter automatically based on the optimal regulation of spindle speed is introduced. The optimal value of the phase shift angle of the regenerative chatter signal between the two successive cuts is 270°. The cutting process can be adjusted from the unstable region to stable one whenever regenerative chatter occurs if the phase shift angle is kept 270° by the optimal regulation of spindle speed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental results prove that the optimal regulation of spindle speed can effectively control regenerative cutting chatter. In addition, a reliablelly optimal control system of reliable spindle speed is presented. There is no need for system identification of the machine tool, and it is easy to put this regenerative chatter control method into practice, so the method has excellent application prospect.展开更多
Objective:From molecular,cell and systemic clinical treatment three levels,this report revealed the mechanism of wound healing,the basic theory and the importance of clinical practice for the Burn Regenerative Therapy...Objective:From molecular,cell and systemic clinical treatment three levels,this report revealed the mechanism of wound healing,the basic theory and the importance of clinical practice for the Burn Regenerative Therapy with MEBT/MEBO(BRT&MEBT/MEBO).Method:This report analyzed the importance and clinical curative effect for standardized appliance of BRT&MEBT/MEBO from two key points:1)Liquefaction of necrotic tissue from burn wound;2)Skin regeneration in situ.Result:There are three necessary conditions for skin physiologically repair and regeneration of burn wound:1)The formation of moist physiological environment on burn wound;2)The material foundation of life regenerative substances and histology for keratin-19 stem cells’regeneration in situ;3)Standardized procedures and appliance of BRT&MEBT/MEBO,which is the guarantee of burn wound healing physiologically.Conclusion:The theory of"Potential Regenerative Cell"and the technique of"Stem cell in situ regeneration"are the basic theory and clinical treatment for BRT.Full-thickness burn skin can be healed physiologically and the skin tissues and organs can be regenerated ONLY by standardized procedures and timely appliance of BRT&MEBT/MEBO.展开更多
Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials ...Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials can fill cavities, deliver curative drugs, and provide adsorption sites for transplanted or host cells. Some regenerative biomaterials can also inhibit apoptosis, inflammation and glial scar formation, or further promote neurogenesis, axonal growth and angiogenesis. This review summarized a variety of biomaterial scaffolds made of natural, synthetic, and combined materials applied to spinal cord injury repair. Although these biomaterial scaffolds have shown a certain therapeutic effect in spinal cord injury repair, there are still many problems to be resolved, such as product standards and material safety and effectiveness.展开更多
Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads,hybrid electric vehicle's motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system(ABS)fimction.When the ABS control is terminated,the mo...Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads,hybrid electric vehicle's motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system(ABS)fimction.When the ABS control is terminated,the motor regenerative braking is readmitted.Aiming at avoiding permanent cycles from hydraulic anti-lock braking to motor regenerative braking,a novel electro-mechanical hybrid anti-lock braking system using fuzzy logic is designed.Different from the traditional single control structure,this system has a two-layered hierarchical structure,The first layer is responsible for harmonious adjustment or interaction between regenerative system and anti-lock braking system.The second layer is responsible for braking torque distribution and adjustment.The closed-loop simulation model is built.Control strategy and method for coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking are developed.Simulation braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads with fuzzy logic control and real vehicle braking field test are presented.The results from simulating analysis and experiment show braking performance of the vehicle is perfect,harmonious coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking function,significant amount of braking energy can be recovered and the proposed control strategy and method are effective.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent stem cells with marked potential for regenerative medicine because of their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative abilities.The therapeutic effects of MSCs are based in ...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent stem cells with marked potential for regenerative medicine because of their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative abilities.The therapeutic effects of MSCs are based in part on their secretion of biologically active factors in extracellular vesicles known as exosomes.Exosomes have a diameter of 30-100 nm and mediate intercellular communication and material exchange.MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos)have potential for cell-free therapy for diseases of,for instance,the kidney,liver,heart,nervous system,and musculoskeletal system.Hence,MSC-Exos are an alternative to MSCbased therapy for regenerative medicine.We review MSC-Exos and their therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases and injuries.展开更多
An appropriate cell microenvironment is key to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Revealing the factors that influence the cell microenvironment is a fundamental research topic in the fields of cell biology,...An appropriate cell microenvironment is key to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Revealing the factors that influence the cell microenvironment is a fundamental research topic in the fields of cell biology,biomaterials,tissue engineering,and regenerative medicine.The cell microenvironment consists of not only its surrounding cells and soluble factors,but also its extracellular matrix(ECM)or nearby external biomaterials in tissue engineering and regeneration.This review focuses on six aspects of bioma-terial-related cell microenvironments:①chemical composition of materials,②material dimensions and architecture,③material-controlled cell geometry,④effects of material charges on cells,⑤matrix stiff-ness and biomechanical microenvironment,and⑥surface modification of materials.The present chal-lenges in tissue engineering are also mentioned,and eight perspectives are predicted.展开更多
Spinal cord injury results in the permanent loss of function, causing enormous personal, social and economic problems. Even though neural regeneration has been proven to be a natural mech- anism, central nervous syste...Spinal cord injury results in the permanent loss of function, causing enormous personal, social and economic problems. Even though neural regeneration has been proven to be a natural mech- anism, central nervous system repair mechanisms are ineffective due to the imbalance of the inhibitory and excitatory factors implicated in neuroregeneration. Therefore, there is growing re- search interest on discovering a novel therapeutic strategy for effective spinal cord injury repair. To this direction, cell-based delivery strategies, biomolecule delivery strategies as well as scaf- fold-based therapeutic strategies have been developed with a tendency to seek for the answer to a combinatorial approach of all the above. Here we review the recent advances on regenerativel neural engineering therapies for spinal cord injury, aiming at providing an insight to the most promising repair strategies, in order to facilitate future research conduction.展开更多
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH)is a rare liver condition characterized by a widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules.NRH may lead to the development of non-cirrh...Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH)is a rare liver condition characterized by a widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules.NRH may lead to the development of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.There are no published systematic population studies on NRH and our current knowledge is limited to case reports and case series.NRH may develop via autoimmune,hematological,infectious,neoplastic,or drug-related causes.The disease is usually asymptomatic,slowly or nonprogressive unless complications of portal hypertension develop.Accurate diagnosis is made by histopathology,which demonstrates diffuse micronodular transformation without fibrous septa.Lack of perinuclear collagen tissue distinguishes NRH from typical regenerative nodules in the cirrhotic liver.While the initial treatment is to address the underlying disease,ultimately the therapy is directed to the management of portal hypertension.The prognosis of NRH depends on both the severity of the underlying illness and the prevention of secondary complications of portal hypertension.In this review we detail the epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of NRH.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common complication of previous surgeries and remain a persistent issue in clinical practice,posing a significant burden on healthcare systems despite advances in education and technology.Surgical techniques,primarily involving the use of mesh to cover the abdominal wall gap,are widely used as a standard intervention strategy.AIM To examine the regeneration of the aponeurosis defect in the anterior abdominal wall in rats using regenerative mimetic factors of the extracellular matrix[ReGeneraTing Agent(RGTA)],adipose tissue micrografts(ATM),and platelet rich plasma(PRP)as regenerative agents.METHODS Regenerative agents such as RGTA,ATM,and PRP are gaining popularity.ATM involves autologous adipose tissue cells with mesenchymal stem cell markers and a high percentage of stromal vascular fraction cells.RGTAs are heparan sulfate(HS)mimetics that replace degraded HSs in damaged tissue,enhancing the quality and speed of repair.PRP is a concentrated plasma preparation containing seven fundamental proteins responsible for tissue production.An acellular dermal matrix is a biological implant free of cellular or antigenic components,making it an excellent material for reconstructive surgery.Polyglactin is a synthetic,absorbable mesh that loses 50%of its strength after fourteen days,providing initial support for new tissue regeneration before being completely absorbed.RESULTS Rats will undergo a laparotomy with a precise 2 cm by 2 cm excision of the anterior abdominal wall fascia below the umbilicus.They will be divided into sixteen groups,each receiving different combinations of regenerative factor injections into the denervated area in both non-contaminated and contaminated environments.A collagenelastin matrix will be used to join the aponeurosis edges,with an absorbable polyglactin mesh anchored over it.Samples will be taken for macroscopic,histological,and immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue regeneration.CONCLUSION Our study aims to demonstrate how these factors promote cell proliferation and healing of the denervated anterior abdominal wall,potentially reducing the frequency and complications of incisional hernias.This approach could offer a more economical and efficient treatment option compared to current costly methods.
文摘Due to the complex high-temperature characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel,the research on the long-term working process of parallel channel structure under variable working conditions,especially under high heat-mass ratio,has not been systematically carried out.In this paper,the heat transfer and flow characteristics of related high temperature fuels are studied by using typical engine parallel channel structure.Through numeri⁃cal simulation and systematic experimental verification,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of parallel chan⁃nels under typical working conditions are obtained,and the effectiveness of high-precision calculation method is preliminarily established.It is known that the stable time required for hot start of regenerative cooling engine is about 50 s,and the flow resistance of parallel channel structure first increases and then decreases with the in⁃crease of equivalence ratio(The following equivalence ratio is expressed byΦ),and there is a flow resistance peak in the range ofΦ=0.5~0.8.This is mainly caused by the coupling effect of high temperature physical proper⁃ties,flow rate and pressure of fuel in parallel channels.At the same time,the cooling and heat transfer character⁃istics of parallel channels under some conditions of high heat-mass ratio are obtained,and the main factors affect⁃ing the heat transfer of parallel channels such as improving surface roughness and strengthening heat transfer are mastered.In the experiment,whenΦis less than 0.9,the phenomenon of local heat transfer enhancement and deterioration can be obviously observed,and the temperature rise of local structures exceeds 200℃,which is the risk of structural damage.Therefore,the reliability of long-term parallel channel structure under the condition of high heat-mass ratio should be fully considered in structural design.
基金support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under grant HICOE-2023-005.
文摘A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.
文摘BACKGROUND Bone regeneration is a central focus of regenerative medicine,with applications in orthopedics and dentistry,particularly for treating bone defects caused by trauma,infection,or congenital anomalies.Synthetic biomaterials,often combined with fibrin derivatives,offer promising solutions for bone healing and restoration.AIM To Explore the increasingly important role of the association of synthetic biomaterials with fibrin in bone regeneration.METHODS Search terms included:“synthetic biomaterials AND fibrin sealant”,“hydroxyapatite AND fibrin sealant”,“tricalcium phosphate AND fibrin sealant”,and“synthetic biomaterials AND platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)”,resulting in 67 articles.After rigorous screening,21 articles met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS The reviewed studies assessed biomaterials like hydroxyapatite(HA),β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP),and fibrin-based products.Key findings highlighted the enhanced osteoconductivity and biocompatibility of HA andβ-TCP,especially when combined with fibrin sealants.These composites show significant potential for improving cellular adhesion,promoting osteogenic differentiation,and accelerating bone regeneration.The antimicrobial properties and structural support for cell growth of certain biomaterials indicate a promising potential for clinical applic-ations.CONCLUSION This systematic review emphasizes the growing role of fibrin-based biomaterials in bone regeneration and urges continued research to improve their clinical use for complex bone defects.
文摘Adipose tissue has emerged as a rich and clinically relevant source of regenerative cells.It offers a minimally invasive,abundant,and autologous reservoir for therapeutic applications.Among its cellular components,the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)and adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)have gained considerable attention due to their potent regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities.SVF is a heterogeneous mixture of cells,whereas ASCs constitute a more homogeneous mesenchymal stem cell-like population obtained through in vitro expansion.Together,these cell populations(SVF and ASCs)are described as“living drugs”,as they are viable and act as dynamic biological agents within the body.Unlike conventional medicines,living drugs exert therapeutic effects not only through direct differentiation but also via the secretion of bioactive molecules,including cytokines,growth factors,and extracellular vesicles.These secreted factors can modulate the surrounding microenvironment,enhance tissue repair,and regulate immune responses.Such paracrine mechanisms often play a more significant role than direct cell replacement,making living drugs versatile tools for regenerative medicine.This review provides a comprehensive overview of SVF and ASCs as living drugs.It discusses their cellular composition,mechanisms of action,methods of isolation,and the regenerative biomolecules they secrete.Furthermore,it explores current and emerging clinical applications,challenges,and future innovations.
基金supported by the Key project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant Number:22A0485)The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant Number:2024JJ5293)The Key project of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Grant Number:23ZZ08).
文摘In liquid rocket engines,regenerative cooling technology is essential for preserving structural integrity under extreme thermal loads.However,non-uniform coolant flow distribution within the cooling channels often leads to localized overheating,posing serious risks to engine reliability and operational lifespan.This study employs a three-dimensional fluid–thermal coupled numerical model to systematically investigate the influence of geometric parameters-specifically the number of inlets,the number of channels,and inlet manifold configurations-on flow uniformity and thermal distribution in non-pyrolysis zones.Key findings reveal that increasing the number of inlets from one to three significantly enhances flow uniformity,reducing mass flow rate deviation from 1.2%to below 0.3%.However,further increasing the inlets to five yields only marginal improvements indicating diminishing(<0.1%),returns beyond three inlets.Additionally,temperature non-uniformity at the combustion chamber throat decreases by 37%-from 3050 K with 18 channels to 1915 K with 30 channels-highlighting the critical role of channel density in effective thermal regulation.Notably,while higher channel counts improve cooling efficiency,they also result in increased pressure losses of approximately 18%–22%,emphasizing the need to balance thermal performance against hydraulic resistance.An optimal configuration comprising 24 channels and three inlets was identified,providing minimal temperature gradients while maintaining acceptable pressure losses.The inlet manifold structure also plays a pivotal role in determining flow distribution.Configuration 3(Config-3),which features an enlarged manifold and reduced inlet velocity,achieves a 40%reduction in velocity fluctuations compared to Configuration 1(Config-1).This improvement leads to a more uniform mass flow distribution,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of less than 0.15%.Furthermore,this design effectively mitigates localized hot spots near the nozzle-where temperature gradients are most severe-achieving a reduction of approximately 1135 K.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(UH3NS115598).
文摘The potential of regenerative medicine in the clinical space is vast,given its ability to repair and replace damaged tissues,restore lost functions due to age or disease,and transform personalized therapy.Traditional regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have created specialized tissues using progenitor cells and various biological stimuli.To date,there are many US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved regenerative medicine therapies,such as those for wound healing and orthopedic injuries.Nonetheless,these therapies face challenges,including off-target effects,a lack of precision,and failure to target the disease or injury at its origin.In search of novel,precise,and efficient alternatives,the regenerative medicine landscape is shifting towards genome engineering technologies,particularly gene editing.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-based gene editing systems enable precise knock-ins,knockouts,transcriptional activation and repression,as well as specific base conversions.This advancement has allowed researchers to treat genetic and degenerative diseases,control cell fate for highly regulated tissue repair,and enhance tissue functions.In this review,we explore the progress and future prospects of CRISPR technologies in regenerative medicine,focusing on how gene editing has led to advanced therapeutic applications and served as a versatile research tool for understanding tissue development and disease progression.
文摘Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)therapy is a promising regenerative medicine strategy derived from adipose tissue,containing a heterogeneous mix of cells,including adipose-derived stem,endothelial,and immune cells.Despite its potential in treating conditions like osteoarthritis,chronic wounds,and myo-cardial ischemia,significant challenges impede its clinical translation.Key obstacles include biological variability in SVF composition,unclear mechanisms of action,regulatory ambiguities,and the technical difficulty of ensuring stan-dardized and scalable isolation methods.Furthermore,patient-specific factors,ethical concerns,and the need for comprehensive efficacy assessment complicate clinical application.Addressing these challenges requires advancements in technology,regulatory flexibility,interdisciplinary collaboration,and person-alized therapeutic approaches.Innovations such as automated isolation systems,advanced biomaterials,and CRISPR-based gene editing are potential solutions to improve the therapeutic reliability of SVF.A structured roadmap,including preclinical research,regulatory approval,and post-market surveillance,is proposed to advance SVF therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice.Future directions should focus on large-scale clinical trials,biomarker development,real-world evidence generation,and standardization of protocols to enhance the safety,efficacy,and accessibility of SVF,ultimately realizing its potential as a versatile therapeutic in regenerative medicine.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970771)Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2020D027).
文摘Conjunctival goblet cells are of great significance to the ocular surface.By secreting mucins-particularly MUC5AC-they play a pivotal role in stabilizing the tear film,safeguarding the cornea from environmental insults,and preserving overall ocular homeostasis.Over the past decade,remarkable progress has been made in understanding the distinctive biological characteristics and regenerative potential of these specialized cells,opening novel avenues for treating various ocular surface disorders,ranging from dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis to more severe conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome.This review comprehensively examines the morphology,function,and regulation of conjunctival goblet cells.Advanced imaging modalities,such as transmission electron microscopy,have provided in-depth insights into their ultrastructure.Densely packed mucin granules and a specialized secretory apparatus have been uncovered,highlighting the cells’proficiency in producing and releasing MUC5AC.These structural characterizations have significantly enhanced our understanding of how goblet cells contribute to maintaining a stable and protective mucosal barrier,which is crucial for ocular surface integrity.The review further delves into the intricate signaling networks governing the differentiation and regeneration of these cells.Key pathways,including Notch,Wnt/β-catenin,and TGF-β,have emerged as essential regulators of cell fate decisions,ensuring that goblet cells maintain their specialized functions.Critical transcription factors,such as Klf4,Klf5,and SPDEF,have been identified as indispensable for driving the differentiation process and sustaining the mature phenotype of goblet cells.Additionally,the modulatory effects of inflammatory mediators-such as IL-6,IL-13,and TNF-α-and growth factors,such as EGF and FGF,are explored.These molecular insights offer a robust framework for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ocular surface diseases,wherein the dysregulation of these processes often results in diminished goblet cell numbers and impaired tear film stability.Innovative methodological approaches have provided a strong impetus to this field.The development of three-dimensional(3D)in vitro culture systems that replicate the native conjunctival microenvironment has enabled more physiologically relevant investigations of goblet cell biology.Moreover,the integration of stem cell technologies-including the use of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs)-has made it possible to generate goblet cell-like epithelia,thereby presenting promising strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.The application of artificial intelligence in optimizing drug screening and biomaterial scaffold design represents an exciting frontier that may accelerate the translation of these findings into effective clinical interventions.In conclusion,this review underscores the central role of conjunctival goblet cells in preserving ocular surface health and illuminates the transformative potential of emerging regenerative approaches.Continued research focused on deciphering the intricate molecular mechanisms governing goblet cell function and regeneration is essential for developing innovative,targeted therapies that can significantly improve the management of ocular surface diseases and enhance patient quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52107126 and52077179)the Key Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project(No.2023YFB2303901)the funding of Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.NEEC-2022-B11).
文摘The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.
基金Project(JS-102)supported by the National Key Science and Technological Program of China for Electric VehiclesProject supported by Jilin University "985 Project" Engineering Bionic Technology Innovation Platform,China
文摘Regenerative braking was the process of converting the kinetic energy and potential energy, which were stored in the vehicle body when vehicle braked or went downhill, into electrical energy and storing it into battery. The problem on how to distribute braking forces of front wheel and rear wheel for electric vehicles with four-wheel drive was more complex than that for electric vehicles with front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive. In this work, the frictional braking forces distribution curve of front wheel and rear wheel is determined by optimizing the braking force distribution curve of hydraulic proportional-adjustable valve, and then the safety brake range is obtained correspondingly. A new braking force distribution strategy based on regenerative braking strength continuity is proposed to solve the braking force distribution problem for electric vehicles with four-wheel drive. Highway fuel economy test(HWFET) driving condition is used to provide the speed signals, the braking force equations of front wheel and rear wheel are expressed with linear equations. The feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of the new braking force distribution strategy based on regenerative braking strength continuity are verified by regenerative braking strength simulation curve and braking force distribution simulation curves of front wheel and rear wheel. The proposed strategy is simple in structure, easy to be implemented and worthy being spread.
文摘Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension is a poorly understood condition characterized by portal hypertension in the absence of conventional hepatic cirrhosis and described in association with blood coagulation disorders, myeloproliferative and immunological diseases and with exposure to toxic drugs. Very recently, precise classification criteria have been proposed in order to define four distinct subcategories. The present case highlights how the clinical presentation, the confounding results from imaging studies, and the difficulties in the histological evaluation often render cases of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension a real diagnostic challenge. It also underscores the classification problems which can be faced once this diagnosis is performed. Indeed, the different subcategories proposed result from the prevalent subtypes in a spectrum of hepatic regenerative responses to a variety of injuries determining microcirculatory dis-turbances. More flexibility in classification should derive from this etiopathogenic background.
文摘An applicable method to control regenerative cutting chatter automatically based on the optimal regulation of spindle speed is introduced. The optimal value of the phase shift angle of the regenerative chatter signal between the two successive cuts is 270°. The cutting process can be adjusted from the unstable region to stable one whenever regenerative chatter occurs if the phase shift angle is kept 270° by the optimal regulation of spindle speed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental results prove that the optimal regulation of spindle speed can effectively control regenerative cutting chatter. In addition, a reliablelly optimal control system of reliable spindle speed is presented. There is no need for system identification of the machine tool, and it is easy to put this regenerative chatter control method into practice, so the method has excellent application prospect.
文摘Objective:From molecular,cell and systemic clinical treatment three levels,this report revealed the mechanism of wound healing,the basic theory and the importance of clinical practice for the Burn Regenerative Therapy with MEBT/MEBO(BRT&MEBT/MEBO).Method:This report analyzed the importance and clinical curative effect for standardized appliance of BRT&MEBT/MEBO from two key points:1)Liquefaction of necrotic tissue from burn wound;2)Skin regeneration in situ.Result:There are three necessary conditions for skin physiologically repair and regeneration of burn wound:1)The formation of moist physiological environment on burn wound;2)The material foundation of life regenerative substances and histology for keratin-19 stem cells’regeneration in situ;3)Standardized procedures and appliance of BRT&MEBT/MEBO,which is the guarantee of burn wound healing physiologically.Conclusion:The theory of"Potential Regenerative Cell"and the technique of"Stem cell in situ regeneration"are the basic theory and clinical treatment for BRT.Full-thickness burn skin can be healed physiologically and the skin tissues and organs can be regenerated ONLY by standardized procedures and timely appliance of BRT&MEBT/MEBO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571213(to BW),No.81800583(to YYX)the 13~(th) Six Talent Peaks Project(C type)of Jiangsu Province of China(to BW)+1 种基金the Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation of Nanjing of China,No.QRX17006(to BW)the Medical Science and Innovation Platform of Nanjing of China,No.ZDX16005(to BW)
文摘Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials can fill cavities, deliver curative drugs, and provide adsorption sites for transplanted or host cells. Some regenerative biomaterials can also inhibit apoptosis, inflammation and glial scar formation, or further promote neurogenesis, axonal growth and angiogenesis. This review summarized a variety of biomaterial scaffolds made of natural, synthetic, and combined materials applied to spinal cord injury repair. Although these biomaterial scaffolds have shown a certain therapeutic effect in spinal cord injury repair, there are still many problems to be resolved, such as product standards and material safety and effectiveness.
基金supported by National Development and Reform Commission of China(Grant No.2005934)
文摘Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads,hybrid electric vehicle's motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system(ABS)fimction.When the ABS control is terminated,the motor regenerative braking is readmitted.Aiming at avoiding permanent cycles from hydraulic anti-lock braking to motor regenerative braking,a novel electro-mechanical hybrid anti-lock braking system using fuzzy logic is designed.Different from the traditional single control structure,this system has a two-layered hierarchical structure,The first layer is responsible for harmonious adjustment or interaction between regenerative system and anti-lock braking system.The second layer is responsible for braking torque distribution and adjustment.The closed-loop simulation model is built.Control strategy and method for coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking are developed.Simulation braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads with fuzzy logic control and real vehicle braking field test are presented.The results from simulating analysis and experiment show braking performance of the vehicle is perfect,harmonious coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking function,significant amount of braking energy can be recovered and the proposed control strategy and method are effective.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent stem cells with marked potential for regenerative medicine because of their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative abilities.The therapeutic effects of MSCs are based in part on their secretion of biologically active factors in extracellular vesicles known as exosomes.Exosomes have a diameter of 30-100 nm and mediate intercellular communication and material exchange.MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos)have potential for cell-free therapy for diseases of,for instance,the kidney,liver,heart,nervous system,and musculoskeletal system.Hence,MSC-Exos are an alternative to MSCbased therapy for regenerative medicine.We review MSC-Exos and their therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases and injuries.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21961160721 and 52130302)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1100300)
文摘An appropriate cell microenvironment is key to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Revealing the factors that influence the cell microenvironment is a fundamental research topic in the fields of cell biology,biomaterials,tissue engineering,and regenerative medicine.The cell microenvironment consists of not only its surrounding cells and soluble factors,but also its extracellular matrix(ECM)or nearby external biomaterials in tissue engineering and regeneration.This review focuses on six aspects of bioma-terial-related cell microenvironments:①chemical composition of materials,②material dimensions and architecture,③material-controlled cell geometry,④effects of material charges on cells,⑤matrix stiff-ness and biomechanical microenvironment,and⑥surface modification of materials.The present chal-lenges in tissue engineering are also mentioned,and eight perspectives are predicted.
基金funded by the Program "IKY(Greek State Scholarships Foundation)Scholarships" from funds of the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning"the European Social Fund(ESF)of the National Strategic Reference Framework(NSRF),2007-2013+2 种基金funded by Scholarships from the A.G.Leventis Foundationa Scholarship from John S.Latsis Public Benefit Foundationa special Scholarship from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Thessaly(Greece)
文摘Spinal cord injury results in the permanent loss of function, causing enormous personal, social and economic problems. Even though neural regeneration has been proven to be a natural mech- anism, central nervous system repair mechanisms are ineffective due to the imbalance of the inhibitory and excitatory factors implicated in neuroregeneration. Therefore, there is growing re- search interest on discovering a novel therapeutic strategy for effective spinal cord injury repair. To this direction, cell-based delivery strategies, biomolecule delivery strategies as well as scaf- fold-based therapeutic strategies have been developed with a tendency to seek for the answer to a combinatorial approach of all the above. Here we review the recent advances on regenerativel neural engineering therapies for spinal cord injury, aiming at providing an insight to the most promising repair strategies, in order to facilitate future research conduction.
文摘Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH)is a rare liver condition characterized by a widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules.NRH may lead to the development of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.There are no published systematic population studies on NRH and our current knowledge is limited to case reports and case series.NRH may develop via autoimmune,hematological,infectious,neoplastic,or drug-related causes.The disease is usually asymptomatic,slowly or nonprogressive unless complications of portal hypertension develop.Accurate diagnosis is made by histopathology,which demonstrates diffuse micronodular transformation without fibrous septa.Lack of perinuclear collagen tissue distinguishes NRH from typical regenerative nodules in the cirrhotic liver.While the initial treatment is to address the underlying disease,ultimately the therapy is directed to the management of portal hypertension.The prognosis of NRH depends on both the severity of the underlying illness and the prevention of secondary complications of portal hypertension.In this review we detail the epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of NRH.
