Progressing beyond the stowage and deployment of reflectors and designing for multiple deployed states result in reflector shape reconfiguration,thus allowing for new functions including radiation pattern reconfigurat...Progressing beyond the stowage and deployment of reflectors and designing for multiple deployed states result in reflector shape reconfiguration,thus allowing for new functions including radiation pattern reconfiguration,and is valuable for space applications such as satellite-based radar and communications.This paper introduces a concept for achieving the deployment and shape reconfiguration of a paraboloid reflector using a 7R-8R(revolute joint)truss network.By realizing reconfigurability mechanically,complex electronic systems such as phased arrays can be avoided,and adopting a single-degree-of-freedom(DOF)design further reduces the number of required actuators.The proposed reflector is axisymmetric and can be doubly curved.It comprises a flexible mesh surface supported by a rigid truss network constructed from 7R and 8R linkages.Approximation of multiple target surfaces is achieved by synthesizing the truss network dimensions using a multiobjective optimization approach.The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is used in conjunction with analytical dimension parameterization and forward kinematics computation to determine the optimal dimensions for the truss network.In the resulting designs,the reflector follows a single-DOF trajectory,on which it unfolds from a compact stowed bundle toward a deployed state approximating a doubly curved target surface,then onwards to additional deployed states approximating different target surfaces.Design studies are conducted to demonstrate the reflector’s ability to approximate different target surfaces and continuously transform between such surfaces.This study proposes a new method for reconfiguring reflector shape mechanically,thus uniquely reconfiguring the shape of a doubly curved surface and achieving both deployment and shape reconfiguration under a unified single-DOF motion.展开更多
This research presents a compact,high-gain millimeter-wave antenna tailored for reliable 5 G communication in high-speed railway environments.The proposed antenna supports dual-band operation at 28 GHz(n257/n258)and 3...This research presents a compact,high-gain millimeter-wave antenna tailored for reliable 5 G communication in high-speed railway environments.The proposed antenna supports dual-band operation at 28 GHz(n257/n258)and 38 GHz(n260),enabling robust Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)links required for next-generation railway systems.The radiator occupies only 12 mm×8mm on a Rogers 6010LM substrate(ε_(r)=10.2,h=0.64 mm).A Metallic Ground-Backing(MGB)reflector,positioned 9mm behind the patch—λ/4 at 28 GHz—enhances forward radiation,suppresses back-lobes,and ensures highly directional coverage along railway tracks.The antenna achieves measured peak gains of 7.96 dBi at 28 GHz and 8.20 dBi at 38 GHz,with excellent impedance matching and stable radiation patterns under mobility scenarios.Its unique combination of compact footprint,reflectoraided gain enhancement,and stable dual-band performance under dynamic conditions distinguishes it from conventional millimeter-wave solutions,making it a strong candidate for 5G-based high-speed railway communication modules and arrays.展开更多
Flexible top-emission organic light-emitting diodes(f-TEOLEDs)with a high aperture ratio can be used in next-generation wearable electronic applications.However,the advancement of f-TEOLEDs is being hindered by their ...Flexible top-emission organic light-emitting diodes(f-TEOLEDs)with a high aperture ratio can be used in next-generation wearable electronic applications.However,the advancement of f-TEOLEDs is being hindered by their low light extraction and poor mechanical stability.In this study,we introduce an omnidirectional reflector(ODR)consisting of an Ag/SiO_(2)/Ta_(2)O_(5)cylinder-embedded indium zinc oxide(IZO)mesh(c-mesh)structure that improves both the light extraction and mechanical flexibility of TEOLEDs using blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters.The proposed ODR achieved a remarkable reflectance of over 96%,particularly in the transverse-electric mode.Furthermore,the Ta_(2)O_(5)cylinders effectively compensated for the diverse void-induced depths in the IZO mesh,significantly reducing the leakage current between the electrode and the organic layers.In addition,the ODR electrodes exhibited outstanding mechanical stability.Moreover,even after being subjected to 2000 bending cycles over a 5 mm radius,the device luminance changed by less than 20%.Notably,the proposed f-TEOLEDs with Ag/SiO_(2)/c-mesh electrodes demonstrated superior performance,achieving a low turn-on voltage(2.6 V),high current efficiency(33 cd·A^(-1)),and power efficiency of 29.6 lm·W^(-1).Finally,the devices featured a narrow full width at half maximum of27 nm under first-order microcavity effects.展开更多
A silicon on reflector (SOR) substrate containing a thin crystal silicon layer and a buried Si/SiO 2 Bragg reflector is reported. The substrate, which is applied to optoelectronic devices, is fabricated by using Si...A silicon on reflector (SOR) substrate containing a thin crystal silicon layer and a buried Si/SiO 2 Bragg reflector is reported. The substrate, which is applied to optoelectronic devices, is fabricated by using Si based sol gel sticking and smart cut techniques. The reflectivity of the SOR substrate is close to unity at 1 3μm's wavelength under the normal incidence.展开更多
We propose a method for mOdeling azimuthal AVO responses from a fractured i reflector. The method calculates the integrated reflected wavetrains, and the wavetrains contain elastodynamic information including the con...We propose a method for mOdeling azimuthal AVO responses from a fractured i reflector. The method calculates the integrated reflected wavetrains, and the wavetrains contain elastodynamic information including the contrast in impedance and anelasticity i across interfaces, the intemal anisotropic propagation, the dispersion and attenuation along i the wave path, and tuning and interference. The results suggest that for large angles of incidence, the velocity dispersion and attenuation increase the amplitudes of PP waves from the top and decrease those from the bottom. For azimuthal responses at specific angles of incidence, the reflected wavetrains of PP waves tend to have longer duration with increasing azimuth. In contrast, model-converted PSV and PSH reflections show stable azimuthal features and are less affected by the reflector thickness. The amplitudes of PSV reflections increase with increasing azimuth; moreover, the waves have no reflection energy at 0° and 90° azimuth and maximum amplitude at 45° azimuth.展开更多
Deployable high-frequency mesh reflector antennas for future communications and obser- vations are required to obtain high gain and high directivity. In order to support these new missions, reflectors with high surfac...Deployable high-frequency mesh reflector antennas for future communications and obser- vations are required to obtain high gain and high directivity. In order to support these new missions, reflectors with high surface accuracy are widely required. The form-finding analysis of deployable mesh reflector antennas becomes more vital which aims to determine the initial surface profile formed by the equilibrium prestress distribution in cables to satisfy the surface accuracy requirement. In this paper, two form-finding methods for mesh reflector antennas, both of which include two steps, are pro- posed. The first step is to investigate the prestress design only for the cable net structure as the circum- ferential nodes connected to the supporting truss are assumed fixed. The second step is to optimize the prestress distribution of the boundary cables connected directly to the supporting truss considering the elastic deformation of the antenna structure. Some numerical examples are carried out and the simulation results demonstrate the proposed form-finding methods can warrant the deformed antenna reflector surface matches the one by design and the cable tension forces fall in a specified range.展开更多
Large reflector antennas are widely used in radars, satellite communication, radio astronomy, and so on. The rapid developments in these fields have created demands for development of better performance and higher sur...Large reflector antennas are widely used in radars, satellite communication, radio astronomy, and so on. The rapid developments in these fields have created demands for development of better performance and higher surface accuracy. However, low accuracy and low effi- ciency are the common disadvantages for traditional panel alignment and adjustment. In order to improve the surface accuracy of large reflector antenna, a new method is pre- sented to determinate panel adjustment values from far field pattern. Based on the method of Physical Optics （PO）, the effect of panel facet displacement on radiation field value is derived. Then the linear system is constructed between panel adjustment vector and far field pattern. Using the method of Singular Value Decomposition （SVD）, the adjustment value for all panel adjustors are obtained by solving the linear equations. An experiment is conducted on a 3.7 m reflector antenna with 12 segmented panels. The results of simulation and test are similar, which shows that the presented method is feasible. Moreover, thediscussion about validation shows that the method can be used for many cases of reflector shape. The proposed research provides the instruction to adjust surface panels efficiently and accurately.展开更多
The main surface of a large Cassegrain antenna consists of a large number of panels. There are inevitably random and systematic errors which will degrade the antenna pattern and limit its applicability when working at...The main surface of a large Cassegrain antenna consists of a large number of panels. There are inevitably random and systematic errors which will degrade the antenna pattern and limit its applicability when working at high frequencies. Correcting the subreflector surface is difficult to describe by a global expansion effectively with a small amount of data. This paper presents a simple and clear way for correcting the subreflector surface of a large Cassegrain antenna for achieving such compensation. The advantage of the method is that the geometrical optics （GO） analysis is extremely simplified by the concept of equivalent prime-focus paraboloid, and corrected deformations of the subreflector surface are determined by simple formulas which represent the relationship between distortions of the subreflector surface and phase of the main surface current. The final shape of the subreflector surface is represented by a B-spline surface. To obtain a satisfactory antenna pattern with the simplest subreflector surface, the optimal number of B-spline patches are searched by particle swarm optimization （PSO）. The shaping process is verified by compensating a 22-m Cassegrain antenna whose main reflector has 96 panels. The results are satisfactory and demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the approach.展开更多
An integratable distributed Bragg reflector laser is fabricated by low energy ion implantation induced quantum well intermixing.A 4 6nm quasi continuous wavelength tuning range is achieved by controlling phase curr...An integratable distributed Bragg reflector laser is fabricated by low energy ion implantation induced quantum well intermixing.A 4 6nm quasi continuous wavelength tuning range is achieved by controlling phase current and grating current simultaneously,and side mode suppression ratio maintains over 30dB throughout the tuning range except a few mode jump points.展开更多
An offset elliptical reflector antenna suitable for satellite application was designed and investigated when it was fed by a rectangular horn partially filled.with a dielectric..The.reflector antenna exhibits high gai...An offset elliptical reflector antenna suitable for satellite application was designed and investigated when it was fed by a rectangular horn partially filled.with a dielectric..The.reflector antenna exhibits high gain, low cross polarization. low sidelines and an elliptical beam. Al- though this study has been carried out in view of possible satellite applications, it is clear that this. antenna. is also suitable for use in radar antennas.展开更多
The wet oxidation of AlGaAs with high Al content in a distributed Bragg reflectors （DBR） is studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Some voids distribute along t...The wet oxidation of AlGaAs with high Al content in a distributed Bragg reflectors （DBR） is studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Some voids distribute along the oxide/GaAs interfaces due to the stress induced by the wet oxidation of the AlGaAs layers. These voids decrease the shrinkage of the Al2O3 layers to 8% instead of the theoretical 20% when compared to the unoxidized AlGaAs layers. With the extension of oxidation time, the reactants are more completely transported to the front interface and the products are more completely transported out along the porous interfaces. As a result,the oxide quality is better.展开更多
Passive inter-modulation （PIM） is a form of nonlinear distortion caused by the inherent nonlinearities of the passive devices and components in RF/microwave system. It will degenerate the performance of communicatio...Passive inter-modulation （PIM） is a form of nonlinear distortion caused by the inherent nonlinearities of the passive devices and components in RF/microwave system. It will degenerate the performance of communication system with broad-band channel and high-sensitivity receiver. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model to simulate this process in order to predict the level of PIM. This paper is aimed at constructing some plate models with one-dimensional and two-dimensional contact nonlinearity sections illuminated by two-tone waves, and calculating the scattered field at a fixed-point in space using time-domain physical optics method. By taking fast Fourier transform （FFT）, we get the spectrum of the scattered field and then analyze the generated PIM products. At the end of this paper, some numerical examples are presented to show the influence rules of the relative factors on PIM. The results indicate the variation of the level of PIM with the number of the nonlinear regions, the nonlinear spacing, and the incident power levels.展开更多
Passive intermodulation（PIM） has gradually become a serious electromagnetic interference due to the development of high-power and high-sensitivity RF/microwave communication systems, especially large deployable mesh...Passive intermodulation（PIM） has gradually become a serious electromagnetic interference due to the development of high-power and high-sensitivity RF/microwave communication systems, especially large deployable mesh reflector antennas. This paper proposes a field-circuit coupling method to analyze the PIM level of mesh reflectors. With the existence of many metal–metal（MM） contacts in mesh reflectors, the contact nonlinearity becomes the main reason for PIM generation. To analyze these potential PIM sources, an equivalent circuit model including nonlinear components is constructed to model a single MM contact so that the transient current through the MM contact point induced by incident electromagnetic waves can be calculated. Taking the electric current as a new electromagnetic wave source, the far-field scattering can be obtained by the use of electromagnetic numerical methods or the communication link method. Finally, a comparison between simulation and experimental results is illustrated to verify the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
Space-deployable mechanisms can be used as supporting structures for large-diameter antennas in space engineering.This study proposes a novel method for constructing the surface design of space reflector antennas base...Space-deployable mechanisms can be used as supporting structures for large-diameter antennas in space engineering.This study proposes a novel method for constructing the surface design of space reflector antennas based on polar scissor units.The concurrency and deployability equations of the space scissor unit with definite surface constraints are derived using the rod and vector methods.Constraint equations of the spatial transformation for space n-edge polar scissor units are summarized.A new closed-loop deployable structure,called the polar scissor deployable antenna(PSDA),is designed by combining planar polar scissor units with spatial polar scissor units.The overconstrained problem is solved by releasing the curve constraint that locates at the end-point of the planar scissor mechanism.Kinematics simulation and error analysis are performed.The results show that the PSDA can effectively fit the paraboloid of revolution.Finally,deployment experiments verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed design method,which provides a new idea for the construction of large space-reflector antennas.展开更多
Acoustic characteristics of a pulse detonation engine（PDE） with and without an ellipsoidal reflector are numerically and experimentally investigated. A two-dimensional（2 D） non-splitting unstructured triangular me...Acoustic characteristics of a pulse detonation engine（PDE） with and without an ellipsoidal reflector are numerically and experimentally investigated. A two-dimensional（2 D） non-splitting unstructured triangular mesh Euler solver based on the space-time conservation element and solution element（CE/SE） method is employed to simulate the flow field of a PDE.The numerical results clearly demonstrate the external flow field of the PDE. The effect of an ellipsoidal reflector on the flow field characteristic near the PDE exit is investigated. The formation process of reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock are reported in detail. An acoustic measurement system is established for the PDE acoustic testing. The experimental results show that the ellipsoidal reflector changes the sound waveform and directivity of PDE sound. The reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock result in two more positive pressure peaks in the sound waveform. The ellipsoidal reflector changes the directivity of PDE sound from 20 to 0. It is found that the peak sound pressure level（PSPL） and overall sound pressure level（OASPL） each obtain an increment when the PDE is installed with a reflector. The maximum relative increase ratio of PSPL and OASPL are obtained at the focus point F2, whose values are 6.1% and 6.84% respectively. The results of the duration of the PDE sound indicate that the reflecting and focusing wave generated by the reflector result in the increment of A duration and B duration before and near focus point F2. Results show that the ellipsoidal reflector has a great influence on the acoustic characteristic of PDE sound. The research is helpful for understanding the influence of an ellipsoidal reflector on the formation and propagation process of PDE sound.展开更多
Seismic studies of the crustal structure beneath the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） region in Central China have been limited by the sparse and uneven distribution of seismic stations.To in-crease the station coverage,...Seismic studies of the crustal structure beneath the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） region in Central China have been limited by the sparse and uneven distribution of seismic stations.To in-crease the station coverage,we made three deployments of a mobile seismologic array in the TGR re-gion during the three summers from 2008 to 2010.Here we present interpretations along a west-east profile through the central TGR region based on new seismic waveform data and a velocity model con-strained by regional earthquake data.Two strong mid-crustal reflection interfaces at depths around 10 and 20 km are seen under the TGR.The shallow reflector defines the bottom of the Zigui（秭归） basin.The new waveform data show that the amplitude of the Moho reflection is quite weak,and beneath the Moho,there is a strong reflector around 54-km depth.It is likely that in the TGR region,the Moho is a gradient rather than a sharp boundary.We speculate that the gradient Moho and the 54-km-deep re-flector in the upper mantle in the TGR region may be by-products of the Qinling（秦岭）-Dabie（大别） orogen.展开更多
We report a monolithic integrated dual-wavelength laser diode based on a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） composite resonant cavity. The device consists of three sections, a DBR grating section, a passive phase sec...We report a monolithic integrated dual-wavelength laser diode based on a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） composite resonant cavity. The device consists of three sections, a DBR grating section, a passive phase section, and an active gain section. The gain section facet is cleaved to work as a laser cavity mirror. The other laser mirror is the DBR grating, which also functions as a wavelength filter and can control the number of wavelengths involved in the laser action. The reflection bandwidth of the DBR grating is fabricated to have an appropriate value to make the device work at the dual-wavelength lasing state. We adopt the quantum well intermixing （QWI） technique to provide low-absorption loss grating and passive phase section in the fabrication process. By tuning the injection currents on the DBR and the gain sections, the device can generate 0.596 nm-spaced dual-wavelength lasing at room temperature.展开更多
The surface temperature of casting slab is an important parameter in the metallurgy field. Because the surface emissivity is uncertain and also unknown, it is difficult to measure the slab surface temperature accurate...The surface temperature of casting slab is an important parameter in the metallurgy field. Because the surface emissivity is uncertain and also unknown, it is difficult to measure the slab surface temperature accurately. A method based on preceded reflector and multi-wavelength was put forward to deal with the difficulty in surface temperature measurement of casting slab. On the premise of preceded reflector and non-preceded reflector, the method establishes the radiation energy equations and works out the emissivity and temperature in the equations. Also, the multilayer modeling of casting slab surface and multiple reflection-absorption process modeling were built by Monte Carlo method. The temperature measuring method had been applied in the continuous casting field. In order to verify the measured result, the thermal imaging method was adopted when the slab surface emissivity was set by repeated tests. Finally, the measured and verified temperature curves keep a same tendency and the error of the values is lower than 5℃. The comparison result shows that the method can measure temperature accurately.展开更多
Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas.Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process,the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates.This st...Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas.Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process,the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates.This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas,and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy.Firstly,the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted.Secondly,a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors.Thirdly,two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made.Finally,numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with the traditional method,the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy.Moreover,the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process,and thereby improves the deployment reliability.展开更多
The Al film reflectors can yield a high-reflectance over a broad wavelength region, and have been widely used in the spacecraft optical instruments for high quality optical applications. Under the irradiation of charg...The Al film reflectors can yield a high-reflectance over a broad wavelength region, and have been widely used in the spacecraft optical instruments for high quality optical applications. Under the irradiation of charged particles in the Earth radiation belt, the reflectors could be deteriorated. In order to reveal the deterioration mechanism, the change in optical constants of Al film reflector induced by proton radiation with 60 keV was studied in an environment of vacuum with heat sink. Experimental results showed that when the radiation damage primarily occurs in the Al reflecting film, the extinction coefficient k will gradually decrease with increasing radiation fluence, which results in the decrease of the energies of reflective light. Therefore, the proton radiation induced an obvious degradation of spectral reflectance in the wavelength region from 200 to 800nm on the Al film reflector.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52320105005,52035008)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prize(Grant No.XPLORER-2020-1035).
文摘Progressing beyond the stowage and deployment of reflectors and designing for multiple deployed states result in reflector shape reconfiguration,thus allowing for new functions including radiation pattern reconfiguration,and is valuable for space applications such as satellite-based radar and communications.This paper introduces a concept for achieving the deployment and shape reconfiguration of a paraboloid reflector using a 7R-8R(revolute joint)truss network.By realizing reconfigurability mechanically,complex electronic systems such as phased arrays can be avoided,and adopting a single-degree-of-freedom(DOF)design further reduces the number of required actuators.The proposed reflector is axisymmetric and can be doubly curved.It comprises a flexible mesh surface supported by a rigid truss network constructed from 7R and 8R linkages.Approximation of multiple target surfaces is achieved by synthesizing the truss network dimensions using a multiobjective optimization approach.The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is used in conjunction with analytical dimension parameterization and forward kinematics computation to determine the optimal dimensions for the truss network.In the resulting designs,the reflector follows a single-DOF trajectory,on which it unfolds from a compact stowed bundle toward a deployed state approximating a doubly curved target surface,then onwards to additional deployed states approximating different target surfaces.Design studies are conducted to demonstrate the reflector’s ability to approximate different target surfaces and continuously transform between such surfaces.This study proposes a new method for reconfiguring reflector shape mechanically,thus uniquely reconfiguring the shape of a doubly curved surface and achieving both deployment and shape reconfiguration under a unified single-DOF motion.
文摘This research presents a compact,high-gain millimeter-wave antenna tailored for reliable 5 G communication in high-speed railway environments.The proposed antenna supports dual-band operation at 28 GHz(n257/n258)and 38 GHz(n260),enabling robust Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)links required for next-generation railway systems.The radiator occupies only 12 mm×8mm on a Rogers 6010LM substrate(ε_(r)=10.2,h=0.64 mm).A Metallic Ground-Backing(MGB)reflector,positioned 9mm behind the patch—λ/4 at 28 GHz—enhances forward radiation,suppresses back-lobes,and ensures highly directional coverage along railway tracks.The antenna achieves measured peak gains of 7.96 dBi at 28 GHz and 8.20 dBi at 38 GHz,with excellent impedance matching and stable radiation patterns under mobility scenarios.Its unique combination of compact footprint,reflectoraided gain enhancement,and stable dual-band performance under dynamic conditions distinguishes it from conventional millimeter-wave solutions,making it a strong candidate for 5G-based high-speed railway communication modules and arrays.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,which was funded by the Korean Government(No.2016R1A3B1908249)。
文摘Flexible top-emission organic light-emitting diodes(f-TEOLEDs)with a high aperture ratio can be used in next-generation wearable electronic applications.However,the advancement of f-TEOLEDs is being hindered by their low light extraction and poor mechanical stability.In this study,we introduce an omnidirectional reflector(ODR)consisting of an Ag/SiO_(2)/Ta_(2)O_(5)cylinder-embedded indium zinc oxide(IZO)mesh(c-mesh)structure that improves both the light extraction and mechanical flexibility of TEOLEDs using blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters.The proposed ODR achieved a remarkable reflectance of over 96%,particularly in the transverse-electric mode.Furthermore,the Ta_(2)O_(5)cylinders effectively compensated for the diverse void-induced depths in the IZO mesh,significantly reducing the leakage current between the electrode and the organic layers.In addition,the ODR electrodes exhibited outstanding mechanical stability.Moreover,even after being subjected to 2000 bending cycles over a 5 mm radius,the device luminance changed by less than 20%.Notably,the proposed f-TEOLEDs with Ag/SiO_(2)/c-mesh electrodes demonstrated superior performance,achieving a low turn-on voltage(2.6 V),high current efficiency(33 cd·A^(-1)),and power efficiency of 29.6 lm·W^(-1).Finally,the devices featured a narrow full width at half maximum of27 nm under first-order microcavity effects.
文摘A silicon on reflector (SOR) substrate containing a thin crystal silicon layer and a buried Si/SiO 2 Bragg reflector is reported. The substrate, which is applied to optoelectronic devices, is fabricated by using Si based sol gel sticking and smart cut techniques. The reflectivity of the SOR substrate is close to unity at 1 3μm's wavelength under the normal incidence.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(under Grant Nos.41404090 and U1262208
文摘We propose a method for mOdeling azimuthal AVO responses from a fractured i reflector. The method calculates the integrated reflected wavetrains, and the wavetrains contain elastodynamic information including the contrast in impedance and anelasticity i across interfaces, the intemal anisotropic propagation, the dispersion and attenuation along i the wave path, and tuning and interference. The results suggest that for large angles of incidence, the velocity dispersion and attenuation increase the amplitudes of PP waves from the top and decrease those from the bottom. For azimuthal responses at specific angles of incidence, the reflected wavetrains of PP waves tend to have longer duration with increasing azimuth. In contrast, model-converted PSV and PSH reflections show stable azimuthal features and are less affected by the reflector thickness. The amplitudes of PSV reflections increase with increasing azimuth; moreover, the waves have no reflection energy at 0° and 90° azimuth and maximum amplitude at 45° azimuth.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51375360)
文摘Deployable high-frequency mesh reflector antennas for future communications and obser- vations are required to obtain high gain and high directivity. In order to support these new missions, reflectors with high surface accuracy are widely required. The form-finding analysis of deployable mesh reflector antennas becomes more vital which aims to determine the initial surface profile formed by the equilibrium prestress distribution in cables to satisfy the surface accuracy requirement. In this paper, two form-finding methods for mesh reflector antennas, both of which include two steps, are pro- posed. The first step is to investigate the prestress design only for the cable net structure as the circum- ferential nodes connected to the supporting truss are assumed fixed. The second step is to optimize the prestress distribution of the boundary cables connected directly to the supporting truss considering the elastic deformation of the antenna structure. Some numerical examples are carried out and the simulation results demonstrate the proposed form-finding methods can warrant the deformed antenna reflector surface matches the one by design and the cable tension forces fall in a specified range.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51490661,51490660,51205301)National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2015CB857100)Special Funding for Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2014KL012)
文摘Large reflector antennas are widely used in radars, satellite communication, radio astronomy, and so on. The rapid developments in these fields have created demands for development of better performance and higher surface accuracy. However, low accuracy and low effi- ciency are the common disadvantages for traditional panel alignment and adjustment. In order to improve the surface accuracy of large reflector antenna, a new method is pre- sented to determinate panel adjustment values from far field pattern. Based on the method of Physical Optics （PO）, the effect of panel facet displacement on radiation field value is derived. Then the linear system is constructed between panel adjustment vector and far field pattern. Using the method of Singular Value Decomposition （SVD）, the adjustment value for all panel adjustors are obtained by solving the linear equations. An experiment is conducted on a 3.7 m reflector antenna with 12 segmented panels. The results of simulation and test are similar, which shows that the presented method is feasible. Moreover, thediscussion about validation shows that the method can be used for many cases of reflector shape. The proposed research provides the instruction to adjust surface panels efficiently and accurately.
基金supported by the National 973 Program(No.2015CB857100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51522507 and 51475349)+3 种基金Youth Science and Technology Star Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2016KJXX-06)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(No.2016JQ5072)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Innovation Fund of Xidian University
文摘The main surface of a large Cassegrain antenna consists of a large number of panels. There are inevitably random and systematic errors which will degrade the antenna pattern and limit its applicability when working at high frequencies. Correcting the subreflector surface is difficult to describe by a global expansion effectively with a small amount of data. This paper presents a simple and clear way for correcting the subreflector surface of a large Cassegrain antenna for achieving such compensation. The advantage of the method is that the geometrical optics （GO） analysis is extremely simplified by the concept of equivalent prime-focus paraboloid, and corrected deformations of the subreflector surface are determined by simple formulas which represent the relationship between distortions of the subreflector surface and phase of the main surface current. The final shape of the subreflector surface is represented by a B-spline surface. To obtain a satisfactory antenna pattern with the simplest subreflector surface, the optimal number of B-spline patches are searched by particle swarm optimization （PSO）. The shaping process is verified by compensating a 22-m Cassegrain antenna whose main reflector has 96 panels. The results are satisfactory and demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the approach.
文摘An integratable distributed Bragg reflector laser is fabricated by low energy ion implantation induced quantum well intermixing.A 4 6nm quasi continuous wavelength tuning range is achieved by controlling phase current and grating current simultaneously,and side mode suppression ratio maintains over 30dB throughout the tuning range except a few mode jump points.
文摘An offset elliptical reflector antenna suitable for satellite application was designed and investigated when it was fed by a rectangular horn partially filled.with a dielectric..The.reflector antenna exhibits high gain, low cross polarization. low sidelines and an elliptical beam. Al- though this study has been carried out in view of possible satellite applications, it is clear that this. antenna. is also suitable for use in radar antennas.
文摘The wet oxidation of AlGaAs with high Al content in a distributed Bragg reflectors （DBR） is studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Some voids distribute along the oxide/GaAs interfaces due to the stress induced by the wet oxidation of the AlGaAs layers. These voids decrease the shrinkage of the Al2O3 layers to 8% instead of the theoretical 20% when compared to the unoxidized AlGaAs layers. With the extension of oxidation time, the reactants are more completely transported to the front interface and the products are more completely transported out along the porous interfaces. As a result,the oxide quality is better.
文摘Passive inter-modulation （PIM） is a form of nonlinear distortion caused by the inherent nonlinearities of the passive devices and components in RF/microwave system. It will degenerate the performance of communication system with broad-band channel and high-sensitivity receiver. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model to simulate this process in order to predict the level of PIM. This paper is aimed at constructing some plate models with one-dimensional and two-dimensional contact nonlinearity sections illuminated by two-tone waves, and calculating the scattered field at a fixed-point in space using time-domain physical optics method. By taking fast Fourier transform （FFT）, we get the spectrum of the scattered field and then analyze the generated PIM products. At the end of this paper, some numerical examples are presented to show the influence rules of the relative factors on PIM. The results indicate the variation of the level of PIM with the number of the nonlinear regions, the nonlinear spacing, and the incident power levels.
文摘Passive intermodulation（PIM） has gradually become a serious electromagnetic interference due to the development of high-power and high-sensitivity RF/microwave communication systems, especially large deployable mesh reflector antennas. This paper proposes a field-circuit coupling method to analyze the PIM level of mesh reflectors. With the existence of many metal–metal（MM） contacts in mesh reflectors, the contact nonlinearity becomes the main reason for PIM generation. To analyze these potential PIM sources, an equivalent circuit model including nonlinear components is constructed to model a single MM contact so that the transient current through the MM contact point induced by incident electromagnetic waves can be calculated. Taking the electric current as a new electromagnetic wave source, the far-field scattering can be obtained by the use of electromagnetic numerical methods or the communication link method. Finally, a comparison between simulation and experimental results is illustrated to verify the validity of the proposed method.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1304600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51775541)+1 种基金CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of China(Grant No.JCTD-2018-11)Hundred-Talent Program(Chinese Academy of Sciences)(Grant No.Y8A3210304).
文摘Space-deployable mechanisms can be used as supporting structures for large-diameter antennas in space engineering.This study proposes a novel method for constructing the surface design of space reflector antennas based on polar scissor units.The concurrency and deployability equations of the space scissor unit with definite surface constraints are derived using the rod and vector methods.Constraint equations of the spatial transformation for space n-edge polar scissor units are summarized.A new closed-loop deployable structure,called the polar scissor deployable antenna(PSDA),is designed by combining planar polar scissor units with spatial polar scissor units.The overconstrained problem is solved by releasing the curve constraint that locates at the end-point of the planar scissor mechanism.Kinematics simulation and error analysis are performed.The results show that the PSDA can effectively fit the paraboloid of revolution.Finally,deployment experiments verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed design method,which provides a new idea for the construction of large space-reflector antennas.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11372141 and 11472138)the National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China(Grant No.61426040201162604002)
文摘Acoustic characteristics of a pulse detonation engine（PDE） with and without an ellipsoidal reflector are numerically and experimentally investigated. A two-dimensional（2 D） non-splitting unstructured triangular mesh Euler solver based on the space-time conservation element and solution element（CE/SE） method is employed to simulate the flow field of a PDE.The numerical results clearly demonstrate the external flow field of the PDE. The effect of an ellipsoidal reflector on the flow field characteristic near the PDE exit is investigated. The formation process of reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock are reported in detail. An acoustic measurement system is established for the PDE acoustic testing. The experimental results show that the ellipsoidal reflector changes the sound waveform and directivity of PDE sound. The reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock result in two more positive pressure peaks in the sound waveform. The ellipsoidal reflector changes the directivity of PDE sound from 20 to 0. It is found that the peak sound pressure level（PSPL） and overall sound pressure level（OASPL） each obtain an increment when the PDE is installed with a reflector. The maximum relative increase ratio of PSPL and OASPL are obtained at the focus point F2, whose values are 6.1% and 6.84% respectively. The results of the duration of the PDE sound indicate that the reflecting and focusing wave generated by the reflector result in the increment of A duration and B duration before and near focus point F2. Results show that the ellipsoidal reflector has a great influence on the acoustic characteristic of PDE sound. The research is helpful for understanding the influence of an ellipsoidal reflector on the formation and propagation process of PDE sound.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730317), and China Scholarship Council
文摘Seismic studies of the crustal structure beneath the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） region in Central China have been limited by the sparse and uneven distribution of seismic stations.To in-crease the station coverage,we made three deployments of a mobile seismologic array in the TGR re-gion during the three summers from 2008 to 2010.Here we present interpretations along a west-east profile through the central TGR region based on new seismic waveform data and a velocity model con-strained by regional earthquake data.Two strong mid-crustal reflection interfaces at depths around 10 and 20 km are seen under the TGR.The shallow reflector defines the bottom of the Zigui（秭归） basin.The new waveform data show that the amplitude of the Moho reflection is quite weak,and beneath the Moho,there is a strong reflector around 54-km depth.It is likely that in the TGR region,the Moho is a gradient rather than a sharp boundary.We speculate that the gradient Moho and the 54-km-deep re-flector in the upper mantle in the TGR region may be by-products of the Qinling（秦岭）-Dabie（大别） orogen.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60736036 and 61021003)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB301702)
文摘We report a monolithic integrated dual-wavelength laser diode based on a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） composite resonant cavity. The device consists of three sections, a DBR grating section, a passive phase section, and an active gain section. The gain section facet is cleaved to work as a laser cavity mirror. The other laser mirror is the DBR grating, which also functions as a wavelength filter and can control the number of wavelengths involved in the laser action. The reflection bandwidth of the DBR grating is fabricated to have an appropriate value to make the device work at the dual-wavelength lasing state. We adopt the quantum well intermixing （QWI） technique to provide low-absorption loss grating and passive phase section in the fabrication process. By tuning the injection currents on the DBR and the gain sections, the device can generate 0.596 nm-spaced dual-wavelength lasing at room temperature.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61004135)
文摘The surface temperature of casting slab is an important parameter in the metallurgy field. Because the surface emissivity is uncertain and also unknown, it is difficult to measure the slab surface temperature accurately. A method based on preceded reflector and multi-wavelength was put forward to deal with the difficulty in surface temperature measurement of casting slab. On the premise of preceded reflector and non-preceded reflector, the method establishes the radiation energy equations and works out the emissivity and temperature in the equations. Also, the multilayer modeling of casting slab surface and multiple reflection-absorption process modeling were built by Monte Carlo method. The temperature measuring method had been applied in the continuous casting field. In order to verify the measured result, the thermal imaging method was adopted when the slab surface emissivity was set by repeated tests. Finally, the measured and verified temperature curves keep a same tendency and the error of the values is lower than 5℃. The comparison result shows that the method can measure temperature accurately.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.52022075,U1937202,&52175246)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.QTZX2188&QTZX2173)。
文摘Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas.Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process,the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates.This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas,and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy.Firstly,the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted.Secondly,a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors.Thirdly,two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made.Finally,numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with the traditional method,the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy.Moreover,the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process,and thereby improves the deployment reliability.
文摘The Al film reflectors can yield a high-reflectance over a broad wavelength region, and have been widely used in the spacecraft optical instruments for high quality optical applications. Under the irradiation of charged particles in the Earth radiation belt, the reflectors could be deteriorated. In order to reveal the deterioration mechanism, the change in optical constants of Al film reflector induced by proton radiation with 60 keV was studied in an environment of vacuum with heat sink. Experimental results showed that when the radiation damage primarily occurs in the Al reflecting film, the extinction coefficient k will gradually decrease with increasing radiation fluence, which results in the decrease of the energies of reflective light. Therefore, the proton radiation induced an obvious degradation of spectral reflectance in the wavelength region from 200 to 800nm on the Al film reflector.
