RECS1(responsive to centrifugal force and shear stress gene 1)是一血液剪切力应答蛋白.RECS1基因敲除的小鼠年老时易患主动脉囊性中层坏死并表现有大动脉扩张症,暗示RECS1可能参与调控血管的发育重塑.免疫组化分析发现,RECS1基因敲...RECS1(responsive to centrifugal force and shear stress gene 1)是一血液剪切力应答蛋白.RECS1基因敲除的小鼠年老时易患主动脉囊性中层坏死并表现有大动脉扩张症,暗示RECS1可能参与调控血管的发育重塑.免疫组化分析发现,RECS1基因敲除(RECS1 knockout,RECS1 KO)的小鼠主动脉基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)的表达水平明显提高,但RECS1的结构与功能及相关作用机理仍不清楚.研究发现,RECS1是肿瘤坏死因子受体2(tumor neucrosisfactor receptor 2,TNFR2)的结合蛋白质.报告基因检测实验表明,RECS1能特异地抑制TNFR2特异的激动性抗体或过量表达TNFR2诱导的核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)活化.NPLY模体缺失突变的RECS1不能结合TNFR2,并丧失对TNFR2介导NF-κB活化的抑制能力.稳定表达RECS1的MEFS细胞中,TNFR2特异的激动性抗体诱导的IκB(inhibitor of NF-κB)降解和NF-κB靶基因白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的表达均受到明显抑制.该研究揭示了RECS1通过与TNFR2的相互作用,负调控TNFR2介导肿瘤坏死因子信号传递的新功能及RECS1参与血管发育重塑调控的可能机制.展开更多
The expansion of renewable energy sources(RESs)in European Union countries has given rise to the development of Renewable Energy Communities(RECs),which aremade up of locally generated energy by these RESs controlled ...The expansion of renewable energy sources(RESs)in European Union countries has given rise to the development of Renewable Energy Communities(RECs),which aremade up of locally generated energy by these RESs controlled by individuals,businesses,enterprises,and public administrations.There are several advantages for creating these RECs and participating in them,which include social,environmental,and financial.Nonetheless,according to the Renewable Energy Directive(RED II),the idea of RECs has given opportunities for researchers to investigate the behavior from all aspects.These RECs are characterized by energy fluxes corresponding to self-consumption,energy sales,and energy sharing.Our work focuses on amathematical time-dependentmodel on an hourly basis that considers the optimization of photovoltaic-based RECs tomaximize profit based on the number of prosumers and consumers,as well as the impact of load profiles on the community’s technical and financial aspects usingMATLAB software.In this work,REC’s users can install their plant and become prosumers or vice versa,and users could change their consumption habits until the optimumconfiguration of REC is obtained.Moreover,this work also focuses on the financial analysis of the plant by comparing the Net Present Value(NPV)as a function of plant size,highlighting the advantage of creating a REC.Numerical results have been obtained investigating the case studies of RECs as per the Italian framework,which shows an optimal distribution of prosumers and consumers and an optimal load profile in which the maximum profitability is obtained.Optimization has been performed by considering different load profiles.Moreover,starting from the optimized configurations,an analysis based on the plant size is also made to maximize the NPV.This work has shown positive outcomes and would be helpful for the researchers and stakeholders while designing the RECs.展开更多
本论文通过固体核磁共振(NMR)谱及动力学参量的测量,并结合X-射线衍射技术和DSC测量等研究了两种典型高分子材料的相结构、链的运动以及相与相之间的关系.乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)是最主要的乙烯共聚物之一.研究发现,EVA的相组成非常复...本论文通过固体核磁共振(NMR)谱及动力学参量的测量,并结合X-射线衍射技术和DSC测量等研究了两种典型高分子材料的相结构、链的运动以及相与相之间的关系.乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)是最主要的乙烯共聚物之一.研究发现,EVA的相组成非常复杂,共有5个不同的组分.除了PE中所观察到的常规单斜晶相和刚性的正交晶相外,我们发现还存在第三个晶相分量-运动性较强的晶相(SOCP,可能是转动相).它不仅拥有自己的熔点,而且它的化学位移和分子运动性不同于刚性正交晶相(LOCP).另一方面,非晶相也由两种不同的分量组成:运动受限的各相异性的非晶界面相和高度可动的橡胶型的非晶相.我们进一步详细研究了EVA中的晶区链动力学和非晶区的低温冻结行为.实验发现,在正交晶相中,高分子链以180°flip-flop方式运动,同时伴随沿链方向的平移型跳跃运动,并引起正交晶相和非晶相之间的长程链扩散,通过NOE的测量证实了这种相间链扩散的存在,并进一步通过实验证实这种相间链扩散是一种受限扩散而不是自由扩散.同时非晶相的两个组分具有不同的低温冻结行为:当温度低于-弛豫转变温度时,橡胶型的非晶相中的长程分子运动被冻结,但仍存在分子的局域运动;而界面非晶在低温时冻结成一种有序取向结构,并用质子自旋扩散实验证实该有序结构与正交晶相相邻近.少量纳米级片层状粘土分散在聚合物中就可赋予材料许多优异的性能,我们用固体NMR技术对EVA/REC复合材料的结构和其中粘土的分散性质进行研究,发现上述复合材料中所形成的晶体类型不仅依赖于各组分的性质还依赖于所形成的复合材料的类型.偏氟乙烯/三氟乙烯共聚物(P(VDF-TrFE))是最主要的铁电高聚物之一.我们利用变温固体19F MAS NMR谱及弛豫数据的测量详细研究了电子辐照对P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物的分子结构、构型、运动性以及相变等的影响.发现,电子辐照不仅改变了分子链段的构型和运动性,同时也改变了局部分子化学结构.电子辐照促使铁电相向顺电相(或者非晶相)转变,与此同时诱发了富含-VDF和含-TrFE链段从全反式的构型到混合的反式-旁式构型的转变.电子辐照加剧顺电区域中的分子运动而在高温熔融态中(>100℃),分子的运动反而受限.展开更多
文摘RECS1(responsive to centrifugal force and shear stress gene 1)是一血液剪切力应答蛋白.RECS1基因敲除的小鼠年老时易患主动脉囊性中层坏死并表现有大动脉扩张症,暗示RECS1可能参与调控血管的发育重塑.免疫组化分析发现,RECS1基因敲除(RECS1 knockout,RECS1 KO)的小鼠主动脉基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)的表达水平明显提高,但RECS1的结构与功能及相关作用机理仍不清楚.研究发现,RECS1是肿瘤坏死因子受体2(tumor neucrosisfactor receptor 2,TNFR2)的结合蛋白质.报告基因检测实验表明,RECS1能特异地抑制TNFR2特异的激动性抗体或过量表达TNFR2诱导的核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)活化.NPLY模体缺失突变的RECS1不能结合TNFR2,并丧失对TNFR2介导NF-κB活化的抑制能力.稳定表达RECS1的MEFS细胞中,TNFR2特异的激动性抗体诱导的IκB(inhibitor of NF-κB)降解和NF-κB靶基因白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的表达均受到明显抑制.该研究揭示了RECS1通过与TNFR2的相互作用,负调控TNFR2介导肿瘤坏死因子信号传递的新功能及RECS1参与血管发育重塑调控的可能机制.
文摘The expansion of renewable energy sources(RESs)in European Union countries has given rise to the development of Renewable Energy Communities(RECs),which aremade up of locally generated energy by these RESs controlled by individuals,businesses,enterprises,and public administrations.There are several advantages for creating these RECs and participating in them,which include social,environmental,and financial.Nonetheless,according to the Renewable Energy Directive(RED II),the idea of RECs has given opportunities for researchers to investigate the behavior from all aspects.These RECs are characterized by energy fluxes corresponding to self-consumption,energy sales,and energy sharing.Our work focuses on amathematical time-dependentmodel on an hourly basis that considers the optimization of photovoltaic-based RECs tomaximize profit based on the number of prosumers and consumers,as well as the impact of load profiles on the community’s technical and financial aspects usingMATLAB software.In this work,REC’s users can install their plant and become prosumers or vice versa,and users could change their consumption habits until the optimumconfiguration of REC is obtained.Moreover,this work also focuses on the financial analysis of the plant by comparing the Net Present Value(NPV)as a function of plant size,highlighting the advantage of creating a REC.Numerical results have been obtained investigating the case studies of RECs as per the Italian framework,which shows an optimal distribution of prosumers and consumers and an optimal load profile in which the maximum profitability is obtained.Optimization has been performed by considering different load profiles.Moreover,starting from the optimized configurations,an analysis based on the plant size is also made to maximize the NPV.This work has shown positive outcomes and would be helpful for the researchers and stakeholders while designing the RECs.
文摘本论文通过固体核磁共振(NMR)谱及动力学参量的测量,并结合X-射线衍射技术和DSC测量等研究了两种典型高分子材料的相结构、链的运动以及相与相之间的关系.乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)是最主要的乙烯共聚物之一.研究发现,EVA的相组成非常复杂,共有5个不同的组分.除了PE中所观察到的常规单斜晶相和刚性的正交晶相外,我们发现还存在第三个晶相分量-运动性较强的晶相(SOCP,可能是转动相).它不仅拥有自己的熔点,而且它的化学位移和分子运动性不同于刚性正交晶相(LOCP).另一方面,非晶相也由两种不同的分量组成:运动受限的各相异性的非晶界面相和高度可动的橡胶型的非晶相.我们进一步详细研究了EVA中的晶区链动力学和非晶区的低温冻结行为.实验发现,在正交晶相中,高分子链以180°flip-flop方式运动,同时伴随沿链方向的平移型跳跃运动,并引起正交晶相和非晶相之间的长程链扩散,通过NOE的测量证实了这种相间链扩散的存在,并进一步通过实验证实这种相间链扩散是一种受限扩散而不是自由扩散.同时非晶相的两个组分具有不同的低温冻结行为:当温度低于-弛豫转变温度时,橡胶型的非晶相中的长程分子运动被冻结,但仍存在分子的局域运动;而界面非晶在低温时冻结成一种有序取向结构,并用质子自旋扩散实验证实该有序结构与正交晶相相邻近.少量纳米级片层状粘土分散在聚合物中就可赋予材料许多优异的性能,我们用固体NMR技术对EVA/REC复合材料的结构和其中粘土的分散性质进行研究,发现上述复合材料中所形成的晶体类型不仅依赖于各组分的性质还依赖于所形成的复合材料的类型.偏氟乙烯/三氟乙烯共聚物(P(VDF-TrFE))是最主要的铁电高聚物之一.我们利用变温固体19F MAS NMR谱及弛豫数据的测量详细研究了电子辐照对P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物的分子结构、构型、运动性以及相变等的影响.发现,电子辐照不仅改变了分子链段的构型和运动性,同时也改变了局部分子化学结构.电子辐照促使铁电相向顺电相(或者非晶相)转变,与此同时诱发了富含-VDF和含-TrFE链段从全反式的构型到混合的反式-旁式构型的转变.电子辐照加剧顺电区域中的分子运动而在高温熔融态中(>100℃),分子的运动反而受限.
