Nonreciprocal isolators enable unidirectional light propagation without back-reflection.Typical terahertz isolators require magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry.Herein,we propose a nonmagnetic isolator ...Nonreciprocal isolators enable unidirectional light propagation without back-reflection.Typical terahertz isolators require magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry.Herein,we propose a nonmagnetic isolator in the terahertz range based on nonreciprocal graphene plasmons operated in a reflection configuration.The bias voltage generates a drift current in graphene,which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and induces nonreciprocal reflection.The isolator device exhibited a high isolation exceeding 20 d B with an insertion loss of less than 3 d B.Moreover,the bandwidth wit isolation exceeding 20 d B can be broadened five times to 1.7 THz by tuning the carrier density.The indexes,including the isolation,insertion loss and bandwidth of the isolator,show a strong dependence on the drift velocity and mobility of graphene,as well as the air-gap thickness.Our study shows great potential in the burgeoning terahertz technology,where nonmagnetic and electrically tunable isolators are still lacking.展开更多
The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integra...The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.展开更多
On April 2,the United States announced the implementation of the so-called“reciprocal tariffs”plan.Combined with factors such as the OPEC+plan to increase production starting in May,this led to a continuous plunge i...On April 2,the United States announced the implementation of the so-called“reciprocal tariffs”plan.Combined with factors such as the OPEC+plan to increase production starting in May,this led to a continuous plunge in the benchmark oil prices of WTI and Brent over the subsequent three trading days.Despite the significant impact of the United States’“reciprocal tariffs”plan on the global political and economic landscape,the fundamental dynamics of supply and demand remain the decisive factors in the fluctuations of international oil prices.The current trend of international oil price fluctuations is still primarily driven by the supply side,with both supply and demand factors playing a role.Investment,costs,and resource constraints on the supply side do not allow for a significant increase in crude oil production,while“consumption rigidity”on the demand side does not permit a significant decrease in crude oil demand.As a result,International oil prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term,but a significant decline is unlikely to be sustained in the near to medium term.In this context,Chinese oil companies should focus on four key areas to ensure the security of national oil and gas supplies:first,promoting high-quality increases in domestic oil and gas reserves and production;second,steadily strengthening the acquisition of overseas oil and gas resources;third,continuously driving innovation in oil and gas exploration and development technologies;fourth,enhancing the capacity for domestic oil and gas reserves in an orderly manner.展开更多
The vectorial evolution of light polarization can reveal the microstructure and anisotropy of a medium beyond what can be obtained from measuring light intensity alone.However,polarization imaging in reflection geomet...The vectorial evolution of light polarization can reveal the microstructure and anisotropy of a medium beyond what can be obtained from measuring light intensity alone.However,polarization imaging in reflection geometry,which is ubiquitous and often preferred in diverse applications,has often suffered from poor and even incorrect characterization of anisotropic media.We present reciprocal polarization imaging of complex media in reflection geometry with the reciprocal polar decomposition of backscattering Mueller matrices enforcing reciprocity.We demonstrate that reciprocal polarization imaging of complex chiral and anisotropic media ac-curately quantifies their anisotropic properties in reflection geometry,whereas traditional approaches encounter difficulties and produce inferior and often erroneous results from the violation of reciprocity.In particular,reciprocal polarization imaging provides a consistent characterization of complex media of different thicknesses,accurately measures the optical activity and glucose concentration of turbid media in reflection,and discriminates between cancerous and normal tissue with even stronger contrast than forward measurement.Reciprocal polarization imaging promises broad applications of polarization optics ranging from remote sensing to bio-medicine in reflection geometries,especially in in vivo biomedical imaging,where reflection is the only feasible geometry.展开更多
After living in China for 33 years,Associate Professor Gu Qingyang of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy(LKYSPP)at the National University of Singapore(NUS)arrived in Singapore in 1994.Over the past 31 years,he ...After living in China for 33 years,Associate Professor Gu Qingyang of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy(LKYSPP)at the National University of Singapore(NUS)arrived in Singapore in 1994.Over the past 31 years,he has remained dedicated to building bridges—initially by systematically introducing Singapore’s development experience to China,and later by fostering mutual learning between the two countries.展开更多
Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environment...Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid batteries demonstrate enhanced capacity,superior redox reaction kinetics,and prolonged cycle life compared to their Zn-I_(2)and Zn-Mn counterparts,making them promising candidates for grid-s...Aqueous Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid batteries demonstrate enhanced capacity,superior redox reaction kinetics,and prolonged cycle life compared to their Zn-I_(2)and Zn-Mn counterparts,making them promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage.Nevertheless,challenges remain in developing multifunctional positive electrode materials and elucidating the mechanistic synergy governing iodine and manganese redox reactions.Herein,we present a high-performance free-standing electrode composed of birnessite(KMnO)nanosheet arrays in situ grown on carbon cloth(CC@KMnO)for constructing a Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid battery.Combined theoretical studies and in situ characterizations reveal that CC@KMnO enhances iodine species adsorption,lowers the Gibbs free energy change for iodine reduction,and significantly accelerates I^(-)/I_(3)^(-)/I_(5)^(-)redox kinetics while suppressing polyiodide shuttling and corrosion effects.Synchronously,the Zn I_(2)electrolyte facilitates the dissolution of residual and exfoliated KMnO,thereby improving manganese redox reaction kinetics,reversibility,and enhancing cycling stability.Leveraging this mutually reinforcing effect,the Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid battery achieves an impressive areal capacity of2.02 m Ah cm^(-2)and maintains long-term durability over 3600 cycles at 2 mA cm^(-2).This work provides valuable insights into designing efficient and durable hybrid energy storage systems.展开更多
Quantum nonreciprocity, such as nonreciprocal photon blockade, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique applications in quantum information processing. Its implementation primarily relies on rotating ...Quantum nonreciprocity, such as nonreciprocal photon blockade, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique applications in quantum information processing. Its implementation primarily relies on rotating nonlinear systems, based on the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an all-optical approach to achieve nonreciprocal photon blockade in an on-chip microring resonator coupled to a V-type Rb atom, which arises from the Zeeman splittings of the atomic hyperfine sublevels induced by the fictitious magnetic field of a circularly polarized control laser. The system manifests single-photon blockade or multi-photon tunneling when driven from opposite directions. This nonreciprocity results from the directional detunings between the countercirculating probe fields and the V-type atom, which does not require the mechanical rotation and facilitates integration. Our work opens up a new route to achieve on-chip integrable quantum nonreciprocity, enabling applications in chiral quantum technologies.展开更多
Let G be a connected graph of order n and m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I denote the number of reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvaluesof G in an interval I.For a given interval I,we mainly present several bounds on m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I ...Let G be a connected graph of order n and m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I denote the number of reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvaluesof G in an interval I.For a given interval I,we mainly present several bounds on m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I in terms of various structuralparameters of the graph G,including vertex-connectivity,independence number and pendant vertices.展开更多
Reciprocal oscillographic chronopotentiogram is such a curve that can converts incisions on "(dE/dt)-E" oscillogram into peaks on "(dt/dE)-E" curve. In order to increase the sensitivity, a new tech...Reciprocal oscillographic chronopotentiogram is such a curve that can converts incisions on "(dE/dt)-E" oscillogram into peaks on "(dt/dE)-E" curve. In order to increase the sensitivity, a new technique called feeding back current was added in new circuit of obtaining reciprocal oscillgraphic chronopotentiogram. It can make capacity current be subtracted easily. Using this method, we carry out studying on principle and titration of drug.展开更多
Generalized reciprocal theorems of non-coupled and coupled systems, which are valid for two deformed bodies with different constitutive relations are established by generalizing the idea of Betti's reciprocal theo...Generalized reciprocal theorems of non-coupled and coupled systems, which are valid for two deformed bodies with different constitutive relations are established by generalizing the idea of Betti's reciprocal theorem. When the constitutive relations of the two deformed bodies are all alike and linear elastic the generalized reciprocal theorem of non-coupled systems just becomes Betti's. Meanwhile the generalized reciprocal theorems are applied to simulate calculations in elasticity.展开更多
We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morp...We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morphology by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis. Conventional lymphocyte karyotype analyses highlighted dif- ferent reciprocal balanced translocations： t（12; 13）, t（4;9）, t（X;8）, t（8; 10） and t（3; 16）. Semen analysis was performed by light and TEM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed directly on sperm nuclei using centromeric probes for chromosomes 18, X and Y. The carriers of the balanced reciprocal translocations considered in the present study showed a very similar pattern of sperm pathologies： diffused presence of apoptosis and immaturity. All patients showed meiotic segregation derangements, highlighted by the presence of sperm diploidies and sex chromosome disomies particularly related to the failure of the first meiotic division. However, an increased incidence of chromosome 18 aneuploidy was detected in spermatozoa from t（X;8） and t（8;10） carriers. We have also reported values from sex chromosomes such as t（X;8）, although the X chromosome was involved in translocation. Since patients with reciprocal translocations and spermatogenetic impairment are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the study of sperm parameters, and particularly of the level of aneuploidy rates, would provide better information for couples at risk and would contribute to the data in the literature for a better understanding of the effects of chromosomal rearrangement on the whole meiotic process and, in particular, on chromosomes not involved in translocation.展开更多
Reciprocal translocation is a chromosomal structural abnormal- ity that arises when two non-homologous chromosomes rearrange and attach with each other, an incidence that occurs in about 1/500 to 1/625 newborns （Mack...Reciprocal translocation is a chromosomal structural abnormal- ity that arises when two non-homologous chromosomes rearrange and attach with each other, an incidence that occurs in about 1/500 to 1/625 newborns （Mackie and Scriven, 2002）. This event typically does not lead to any significant loss of genetic material, thus recip- rocal translocation carriers do not exhibit any severe abnormal phenotypes （Scriven et al., 1998; Zhang et al., 2016）.展开更多
This paper discusses the approximation by reciprocals of polynomials with positive coefficients in Orlicz spaces and proved that if f（x） ∈ L^＊M[0, 1], changes its sign at most once in （0, 1）, then there exists ...This paper discusses the approximation by reciprocals of polynomials with positive coefficients in Orlicz spaces and proved that if f（x） ∈ L^＊M[0, 1], changes its sign at most once in （0, 1）, then there exists x0 ∈ （0, 1） and a polynomial Pn∈ Fin（＋） such that ｜｜f（x）-x-x0/Pn（x）｜｜M≤Cω（f,n-1/2）M, where Пn（＋） indicates the set of all polynomials of degree n with positive coefficients展开更多
The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway(MAPK signaling pathway) plays a significant role in multiple pathological behaviors and is most frequently dysregulated in more than 30% of human cancers.As key elements in this p...The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway(MAPK signaling pathway) plays a significant role in multiple pathological behaviors and is most frequently dysregulated in more than 30% of human cancers.As key elements in this pathway, MEK1/2 play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and the inhibition of apoptosis, which makes their inhibition an attractive antitumor strategy.Dozens of potent non-ATP-competitive allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitors have been developed that have produced substantial improvement in clinical outcomes over the past decade.However, the efficacy of these agents is limited, and response rates are variable in a wide range of tumors that harbor RAS and RAF mutations due to the development of resistance, which is derived mainly from the persistence of MAPK signaling and increased activation of the mutual feedback networks.Both intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors necessitates the synergistic targeting of both pathways to restore the therapeutic effects of a single agent.In this review, the significant role of the MAPK pathway in carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential are comprehensively examined with a focus on MEK inhibitors.Then, the activation of feedback networks accompanying MEK inhibition is briefly reviewed.Combination strategies that involve the simultaneous inhibition of the original and resistance pathways are highlighted and elaborately described on the basis of the latest research progress.Finally, the obstacles to the development of MEK-related combination systems are discussed in order to lay the groundwork for their clinical application as frontline treatments for individual patients with MAPK-hyperactivated malignancies.展开更多
Here we present a study on the genetic effects of agronomic and seed quality traits in double haploid （DH） populations, which were developed by microspore culture from reciprocal F1 hybrids produced between cultivar...Here we present a study on the genetic effects of agronomic and seed quality traits in double haploid （DH） populations, which were developed by microspore culture from reciprocal F1 hybrids produced between cultivar Californium and DH W-15. Each of the populations consisted of 25 DH lines. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during three growing seasons. Field observations were recorded on seed yield and its structure： the number of branches and pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the 1 000-seed weight, the content of fat in the seeds, and three unsaturated fatty acids （oleic, linoleic, linolenic） in the seed oil. In order to investigate the influence of cross direction on the studied traits, parental effects were evaluated on the basis of differences between reciprocal DH populations. The maternal effect was revealed on the number of seeds per pod and the effect of the paternal form on linolenic acid content. The occurrence of transgression effects also depended on the direction of crossing and this was particularly noticeable in terms of the number of seeds per pod. The use of multivariate statistical methods allowed for the simultaneous characterization and grouping of tested lines in terms of several traits. Graphic images of the distribution of DH lines in the space of the two first canonical variates showed a great variation between the two reciprocal populations, both in terms of yield and its components, as well as fat and those unsaturated fatty acids.展开更多
Reid, Lancaster, Tuxpeno and Suwan are the most common maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms. Reid × Lancaster and Suwan × Tuxpeno are very important heterotic patterns in temperate areas and tropical areas, respec...Reid, Lancaster, Tuxpeno and Suwan are the most common maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms. Reid × Lancaster and Suwan × Tuxpeno are very important heterotic patterns in temperate areas and tropical areas, respectively. Broadening the genetic basis of maize has usually been conducted in inter-populations formed by crossing temperate and tropical germplasms. Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is a breeding procedure to improve the inter-populational cross of two base populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of reciprocal recurrent selection on grain yield in the TR (Tuxpeno-Reid) and SL (Suwan-Lancaster) maize populations. The populations and the inter-populational crosses of each selection cycle, as well as two commercial hybrids, were evaluated in four environments. The effect of mean grain yield on TR × SL inter-population crosses was 4.63% (or 0.365 Mg·ha-1) cycle-1. The grain yield of SL increased by 2.78% (or 0.20 Mg·ha-1) cycle-1, but the grain yield of TR essentially did not change. Most changes in other agronomic traits occurred in the desired direction. After 3 selection cycles, the ear tip-barrenness length decreased in TR × SL, TR and SL by 39.70%, 37.50% and 24.57%, respectively, which indicates that the increase in grain yield may be largely due to a decreasing ear tip-barrenness length. The mid-parent heterosis of grain yield of the inter-populational cross increased from 15.49% to 25.96% from C0 to C3. The mean grain yields of TRC3 × SLC3 were 100.01% and 103.88% of the mean grain yields of the commercial single-crosses GD8 and QD16, respectively. The results suggest that Tuxpeno-Reid × Suwan-Lancaster may be possible new heterotic patterns in the southern region of China.展开更多
Balanced reciprocal translocation is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities,with an incidence of approximately 1in every 500 newborns(Mackie Ogilvie and Scriven,2002).Most balanced reciprocal translocation ca...Balanced reciprocal translocation is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities,with an incidence of approximately 1in every 500 newborns(Mackie Ogilvie and Scriven,2002).Most balanced reciprocal translocation carriers have no observable phenotype because there is no loss or gain of genetic material(Ogilvie et al.,2001).However,the carriers have a risk of infertility.展开更多
In this paper the method of the reciprocal theorem (MRT) is extended to solve the steady state responses of rectangular plater under harmonic disturbing forces. A series of the closed solutions of rectangular plates w...In this paper the method of the reciprocal theorem (MRT) is extended to solve the steady state responses of rectangular plater under harmonic disturbing forces. A series of the closed solutions of rectangular plates with various boundary conditions are given and the tables and figures which have practical value are provided.MRT is a simple, convenient and general method for solving the steady stale responses of rectangular plates under various harmonic disturbing forces.The paper contains three parts: (I) rectangular plates with four damped edges and with three clamped edges; (II) rectangular plates with two adjacent clamped edges; (III) cantilever plates.We arc going to publish them one after another.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11934011 and 12274365)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402400 and 2022YFA1400043)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR24A040001)Open project of Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education)of Shanghai Jiao Tong University。
文摘Nonreciprocal isolators enable unidirectional light propagation without back-reflection.Typical terahertz isolators require magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry.Herein,we propose a nonmagnetic isolator in the terahertz range based on nonreciprocal graphene plasmons operated in a reflection configuration.The bias voltage generates a drift current in graphene,which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and induces nonreciprocal reflection.The isolator device exhibited a high isolation exceeding 20 d B with an insertion loss of less than 3 d B.Moreover,the bandwidth wit isolation exceeding 20 d B can be broadened five times to 1.7 THz by tuning the carrier density.The indexes,including the isolation,insertion loss and bandwidth of the isolator,show a strong dependence on the drift velocity and mobility of graphene,as well as the air-gap thickness.Our study shows great potential in the burgeoning terahertz technology,where nonmagnetic and electrically tunable isolators are still lacking.
文摘The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.
文摘On April 2,the United States announced the implementation of the so-called“reciprocal tariffs”plan.Combined with factors such as the OPEC+plan to increase production starting in May,this led to a continuous plunge in the benchmark oil prices of WTI and Brent over the subsequent three trading days.Despite the significant impact of the United States’“reciprocal tariffs”plan on the global political and economic landscape,the fundamental dynamics of supply and demand remain the decisive factors in the fluctuations of international oil prices.The current trend of international oil price fluctuations is still primarily driven by the supply side,with both supply and demand factors playing a role.Investment,costs,and resource constraints on the supply side do not allow for a significant increase in crude oil production,while“consumption rigidity”on the demand side does not permit a significant decrease in crude oil demand.As a result,International oil prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term,but a significant decline is unlikely to be sustained in the near to medium term.In this context,Chinese oil companies should focus on four key areas to ensure the security of national oil and gas supplies:first,promoting high-quality increases in domestic oil and gas reserves and production;second,steadily strengthening the acquisition of overseas oil and gas resources;third,continuously driving innovation in oil and gas exploration and development technologies;fourth,enhancing the capacity for domestic oil and gas reserves in an orderly manner.
基金upported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LZ16H180002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61905181)+1 种基金the Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.ZS2017022)the National Science Foundation of the U.S.(Grant No.1607664).
文摘The vectorial evolution of light polarization can reveal the microstructure and anisotropy of a medium beyond what can be obtained from measuring light intensity alone.However,polarization imaging in reflection geometry,which is ubiquitous and often preferred in diverse applications,has often suffered from poor and even incorrect characterization of anisotropic media.We present reciprocal polarization imaging of complex media in reflection geometry with the reciprocal polar decomposition of backscattering Mueller matrices enforcing reciprocity.We demonstrate that reciprocal polarization imaging of complex chiral and anisotropic media ac-curately quantifies their anisotropic properties in reflection geometry,whereas traditional approaches encounter difficulties and produce inferior and often erroneous results from the violation of reciprocity.In particular,reciprocal polarization imaging provides a consistent characterization of complex media of different thicknesses,accurately measures the optical activity and glucose concentration of turbid media in reflection,and discriminates between cancerous and normal tissue with even stronger contrast than forward measurement.Reciprocal polarization imaging promises broad applications of polarization optics ranging from remote sensing to bio-medicine in reflection geometries,especially in in vivo biomedical imaging,where reflection is the only feasible geometry.
文摘After living in China for 33 years,Associate Professor Gu Qingyang of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy(LKYSPP)at the National University of Singapore(NUS)arrived in Singapore in 1994.Over the past 31 years,he has remained dedicated to building bridges—initially by systematically introducing Singapore’s development experience to China,and later by fostering mutual learning between the two countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31861143023,31872252)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050201)。
文摘Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302177)the Key Science and Technology Project of Jinhua City(2024-1-004)the Self Designed Scientific Research of Zhejiang Normal University(2021ZS0604)。
文摘Aqueous Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid batteries demonstrate enhanced capacity,superior redox reaction kinetics,and prolonged cycle life compared to their Zn-I_(2)and Zn-Mn counterparts,making them promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage.Nevertheless,challenges remain in developing multifunctional positive electrode materials and elucidating the mechanistic synergy governing iodine and manganese redox reactions.Herein,we present a high-performance free-standing electrode composed of birnessite(KMnO)nanosheet arrays in situ grown on carbon cloth(CC@KMnO)for constructing a Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid battery.Combined theoretical studies and in situ characterizations reveal that CC@KMnO enhances iodine species adsorption,lowers the Gibbs free energy change for iodine reduction,and significantly accelerates I^(-)/I_(3)^(-)/I_(5)^(-)redox kinetics while suppressing polyiodide shuttling and corrosion effects.Synchronously,the Zn I_(2)electrolyte facilitates the dissolution of residual and exfoliated KMnO,thereby improving manganese redox reaction kinetics,reversibility,and enhancing cycling stability.Leveraging this mutually reinforcing effect,the Zn-I_(2)-Mn hybrid battery achieves an impressive areal capacity of2.02 m Ah cm^(-2)and maintains long-term durability over 3600 cycles at 2 mA cm^(-2).This work provides valuable insights into designing efficient and durable hybrid energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12305020 and 92365107)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2019YFA0308700)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Talents and Teams in Jiangsu (Grant No.JSSCTD202138)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2023M731613)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (Grant No.2023ZB708)。
文摘Quantum nonreciprocity, such as nonreciprocal photon blockade, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique applications in quantum information processing. Its implementation primarily relies on rotating nonlinear systems, based on the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an all-optical approach to achieve nonreciprocal photon blockade in an on-chip microring resonator coupled to a V-type Rb atom, which arises from the Zeeman splittings of the atomic hyperfine sublevels induced by the fictitious magnetic field of a circularly polarized control laser. The system manifests single-photon blockade or multi-photon tunneling when driven from opposite directions. This nonreciprocity results from the directional detunings between the countercirculating probe fields and the V-type atom, which does not require the mechanical rotation and facilitates integration. Our work opens up a new route to achieve on-chip integrable quantum nonreciprocity, enabling applications in chiral quantum technologies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China“Graph problems of topological parameters based on the spectra of graph matrices”(2021D01C069)the National Natural Science Foundation of the People's Republic of China“The investigation of spectral properties of graph operations and their related problems”(12161085)。
文摘Let G be a connected graph of order n and m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I denote the number of reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvaluesof G in an interval I.For a given interval I,we mainly present several bounds on m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I in terms of various structuralparameters of the graph G,including vertex-connectivity,independence number and pendant vertices.
文摘Reciprocal oscillographic chronopotentiogram is such a curve that can converts incisions on "(dE/dt)-E" oscillogram into peaks on "(dt/dE)-E" curve. In order to increase the sensitivity, a new technique called feeding back current was added in new circuit of obtaining reciprocal oscillgraphic chronopotentiogram. It can make capacity current be subtracted easily. Using this method, we carry out studying on principle and titration of drug.
文摘Generalized reciprocal theorems of non-coupled and coupled systems, which are valid for two deformed bodies with different constitutive relations are established by generalizing the idea of Betti's reciprocal theorem. When the constitutive relations of the two deformed bodies are all alike and linear elastic the generalized reciprocal theorem of non-coupled systems just becomes Betti's. Meanwhile the generalized reciprocal theorems are applied to simulate calculations in elasticity.
文摘We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morphology by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis. Conventional lymphocyte karyotype analyses highlighted dif- ferent reciprocal balanced translocations： t（12; 13）, t（4;9）, t（X;8）, t（8; 10） and t（3; 16）. Semen analysis was performed by light and TEM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed directly on sperm nuclei using centromeric probes for chromosomes 18, X and Y. The carriers of the balanced reciprocal translocations considered in the present study showed a very similar pattern of sperm pathologies： diffused presence of apoptosis and immaturity. All patients showed meiotic segregation derangements, highlighted by the presence of sperm diploidies and sex chromosome disomies particularly related to the failure of the first meiotic division. However, an increased incidence of chromosome 18 aneuploidy was detected in spermatozoa from t（X;8） and t（8;10） carriers. We have also reported values from sex chromosomes such as t（X;8）, although the X chromosome was involved in translocation. Since patients with reciprocal translocations and spermatogenetic impairment are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the study of sperm parameters, and particularly of the level of aneuploidy rates, would provide better information for couples at risk and would contribute to the data in the literature for a better understanding of the effects of chromosomal rearrangement on the whole meiotic process and, in particular, on chromosomes not involved in translocation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31522034)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC0900103)the National High Technology Research and Development Program Grant (2015AA020407)
文摘Reciprocal translocation is a chromosomal structural abnormal- ity that arises when two non-homologous chromosomes rearrange and attach with each other, an incidence that occurs in about 1/500 to 1/625 newborns （Mackie and Scriven, 2002）. This event typically does not lead to any significant loss of genetic material, thus recip- rocal translocation carriers do not exhibit any severe abnormal phenotypes （Scriven et al., 1998; Zhang et al., 2016）.
基金Supported by Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundations of China (200408020108).
文摘This paper discusses the approximation by reciprocals of polynomials with positive coefficients in Orlicz spaces and proved that if f（x） ∈ L^＊M[0, 1], changes its sign at most once in （0, 1）, then there exists x0 ∈ （0, 1） and a polynomial Pn∈ Fin（＋） such that ｜｜f（x）-x-x0/Pn（x）｜｜M≤Cω（f,n-1/2）M, where Пn（＋） indicates the set of all polynomials of degree n with positive coefficients
基金funded by the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Province (Grant No.SD1827)Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Medical University (Grant No.XD1824) to Y.Li+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81872147, 81572588)Guangdong Provincial Special Fund of Science Innovation Strategy (Grant No.180918104960680) to Y.Cui
文摘The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway(MAPK signaling pathway) plays a significant role in multiple pathological behaviors and is most frequently dysregulated in more than 30% of human cancers.As key elements in this pathway, MEK1/2 play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and the inhibition of apoptosis, which makes their inhibition an attractive antitumor strategy.Dozens of potent non-ATP-competitive allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitors have been developed that have produced substantial improvement in clinical outcomes over the past decade.However, the efficacy of these agents is limited, and response rates are variable in a wide range of tumors that harbor RAS and RAF mutations due to the development of resistance, which is derived mainly from the persistence of MAPK signaling and increased activation of the mutual feedback networks.Both intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors necessitates the synergistic targeting of both pathways to restore the therapeutic effects of a single agent.In this review, the significant role of the MAPK pathway in carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential are comprehensively examined with a focus on MEK inhibitors.Then, the activation of feedback networks accompanying MEK inhibition is briefly reviewed.Combination strategies that involve the simultaneous inhibition of the original and resistance pathways are highlighted and elaborately described on the basis of the latest research progress.Finally, the obstacles to the development of MEK-related combination systems are discussed in order to lay the groundwork for their clinical application as frontline treatments for individual patients with MAPK-hyperactivated malignancies.
文摘Here we present a study on the genetic effects of agronomic and seed quality traits in double haploid （DH） populations, which were developed by microspore culture from reciprocal F1 hybrids produced between cultivar Californium and DH W-15. Each of the populations consisted of 25 DH lines. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during three growing seasons. Field observations were recorded on seed yield and its structure： the number of branches and pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the 1 000-seed weight, the content of fat in the seeds, and three unsaturated fatty acids （oleic, linoleic, linolenic） in the seed oil. In order to investigate the influence of cross direction on the studied traits, parental effects were evaluated on the basis of differences between reciprocal DH populations. The maternal effect was revealed on the number of seeds per pod and the effect of the paternal form on linolenic acid content. The occurrence of transgression effects also depended on the direction of crossing and this was particularly noticeable in terms of the number of seeds per pod. The use of multivariate statistical methods allowed for the simultaneous characterization and grouping of tested lines in terms of several traits. Graphic images of the distribution of DH lines in the space of the two first canonical variates showed a great variation between the two reciprocal populations, both in terms of yield and its components, as well as fat and those unsaturated fatty acids.
文摘Reid, Lancaster, Tuxpeno and Suwan are the most common maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms. Reid × Lancaster and Suwan × Tuxpeno are very important heterotic patterns in temperate areas and tropical areas, respectively. Broadening the genetic basis of maize has usually been conducted in inter-populations formed by crossing temperate and tropical germplasms. Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is a breeding procedure to improve the inter-populational cross of two base populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of reciprocal recurrent selection on grain yield in the TR (Tuxpeno-Reid) and SL (Suwan-Lancaster) maize populations. The populations and the inter-populational crosses of each selection cycle, as well as two commercial hybrids, were evaluated in four environments. The effect of mean grain yield on TR × SL inter-population crosses was 4.63% (or 0.365 Mg·ha-1) cycle-1. The grain yield of SL increased by 2.78% (or 0.20 Mg·ha-1) cycle-1, but the grain yield of TR essentially did not change. Most changes in other agronomic traits occurred in the desired direction. After 3 selection cycles, the ear tip-barrenness length decreased in TR × SL, TR and SL by 39.70%, 37.50% and 24.57%, respectively, which indicates that the increase in grain yield may be largely due to a decreasing ear tip-barrenness length. The mid-parent heterosis of grain yield of the inter-populational cross increased from 15.49% to 25.96% from C0 to C3. The mean grain yields of TRC3 × SLC3 were 100.01% and 103.88% of the mean grain yields of the commercial single-crosses GD8 and QD16, respectively. The results suggest that Tuxpeno-Reid × Suwan-Lancaster may be possible new heterotic patterns in the southern region of China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1004900 and 2018YFC1003100)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018PH006 and ZR2018MC014)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2017G006035)
文摘Balanced reciprocal translocation is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities,with an incidence of approximately 1in every 500 newborns(Mackie Ogilvie and Scriven,2002).Most balanced reciprocal translocation carriers have no observable phenotype because there is no loss or gain of genetic material(Ogilvie et al.,2001).However,the carriers have a risk of infertility.
文摘In this paper the method of the reciprocal theorem (MRT) is extended to solve the steady state responses of rectangular plater under harmonic disturbing forces. A series of the closed solutions of rectangular plates with various boundary conditions are given and the tables and figures which have practical value are provided.MRT is a simple, convenient and general method for solving the steady stale responses of rectangular plates under various harmonic disturbing forces.The paper contains three parts: (I) rectangular plates with four damped edges and with three clamped edges; (II) rectangular plates with two adjacent clamped edges; (III) cantilever plates.We arc going to publish them one after another.
