A concept of new two-constant of colorant, both （ R/St ） and （s/St）, is introduced based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. A new two-constant theory for color matching is presented. Basic equations used in matching to K...A concept of new two-constant of colorant, both （ R/St ） and （s/St）, is introduced based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. A new two-constant theory for color matching is presented. Basic equations used in matching to K/S values are given in matrix form based on the new two-constant theory. Algorithm for a least-squares match to K/S values of a sample is developed by use of the new two-constant theory. The algorithm is suitable for single-constant theory as well as two-constant theory. The experimental data show that calculating K/S values of disperse dyes based on new two- constant theory are accordant with the measuring ones. The recipes predicted by new two-constant theory arc closer to the actual recipes of the standard sample than the recipes predicted by single-constant theory. The sample according to the recipe predicted by new two-constant theory has smaller color difference against for the standard than the sample according to the recipe predicted by single-constant theory. The results show that the scattering of disperse dyes cannot be negligible, and that the recipes match to textiles colored by disperse dyes should be predicted by using of new two-constant theory.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous...Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue and degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue of patients with nucleus pulposus removal under lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were isolated and cultured by multiple enzyme digestion methods to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs/NPCs.Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were enrolled for 2 weeks.The venous blood was taken 50mL before the first dose and one hour after the last dose.Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by secondary centrifugation and cultured with different plasma.The experiment was divided into five groups:platelet-rich plasma group(PRP),platelet-poor plasma group(PPP),drug-rich platelet-rich plasma group(M-PRP)and drug-poor platelet plasma group(M-PPP),fetal bovine serum group(FBS).The morphological changes of the cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope.The changes of type I collagen activity were detected by immunofluorescence assay.The expression of CCOL1A1 gene was detected by RT-PCR two weeks after the intervention.Results:In this study,the results of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and PRP group intervention were shown.The results of the group intervention showed that the M-PRP group and the PRP group had clearer cell contours and better refractive index than the other groups,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in PRP group and M-PRP group was higher,but the staining intensity of single cells was significantly lower than that in FBS group.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of COL1A1 mRNA in PPP group,PRP group,M-PRP group and M-PPP group was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05),respectively:0.343±0.040,0.294±0.018,0.310±0.022,0.430±0.020.Conclusions:Kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes combined with platelet-rich plasma can decrease the activity and exhibit a tendency to inhibit the expression of type I collagen.展开更多
One of the elements of attraction in tourism sector is food and beverage. International food habits consist of national food habits in tourism. Preparing standard recipes for traditional food is required in point of t...One of the elements of attraction in tourism sector is food and beverage. International food habits consist of national food habits in tourism. Preparing standard recipes for traditional food is required in point of the sustainability of cultural food habits. Also, it is important in point of the tourism sector. Similar aspects of food from different cultures and differences can be an attraction factor. This paper explains the development of Turkish and Latvian cuisines through history. In this research, Turkish and Latvian traditional foods have been researched and standard recipes have been organized. As an example, Turkish and Latvian traditional foods have been compared with each other. This paper offers guidelines for developing traditional food recipes as gastronomic tourism product, which can be adapted throughout the region and can be an important element in sustainable tourism projects. In conclusion, some similarities and differences have been observed between them and have been evaluated in terms of the tourism product.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneo...Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue and degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue of patients with nucleus pulposus removal under lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were isolated and cultured by multiple enzyme digestion methods to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs/NPCs. Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were enrolled for 2 weeks.The venous blood was taken 50mL before the first dose and one hour after the last dose. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by secondary centrifugation and cultured with different plasma. The experiment was divided into five groups: platelet-rich plasma group (PRP), platelet-poor plasma group (PPP), drug-rich platelet-rich plasma group (M-PRP) and drug-poor platelet plasma group (M-PPP), fetal bovine serum group (FBS). The morphological changes of the cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope. The changes of type I collagen activity were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The expression of CCOL1A1 gene was detected by RT-PCR two weeks after the intervention.Results:In this study, the results of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and PRP group intervention were shown. The results of the group intervention showed that the M-PRP group and the PRP group had clearer cell contours and better refractive index than the other groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in PRP group and M-PRP group was higher, but the staining intensity of single cells was significantly lower than that in FBS group. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of COL1A1 mRNA in PPP group, PRP group, M-PRP group and M-PPP group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), respectively: 0.343±0.040, 0.294±0.018, 0.310±0.022, 0.430±0.020.Conclusion:Kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes combined with platelet-rich plasma can decrease the activity and exhibit a tendency to inhibit the expression of type I collagen.展开更多
This thesis research on nutritious balance of specific examples in Chinese recipes applying diversity indices and cluster analysis. Initially, based on data of the nutritional ingredients of food, such as proteins, fa...This thesis research on nutritious balance of specific examples in Chinese recipes applying diversity indices and cluster analysis. Initially, based on data of the nutritional ingredients of food, such as proteins, fat and vitamins, we categorize 1200 kinds of specific food using cluster analysis;then, according to a recipe given by a local restaurant, we calculate and compare the diversity indices based on the components of 25 single dishes in the recipe and analyze the nutritious balance of each dish.展开更多
The paper intends to explore the language futures of Chinese recipes from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar. Different from previous research made by others, it is written to explore the relationship betw...The paper intends to explore the language futures of Chinese recipes from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar. Different from previous research made by others, it is written to explore the relationship between the writer and the putative readers. The Mood structure, Modality, the Theme choices, cohesive devices,and transitivity are presented systematically. The embodiment of the functions of the main elements from Systemic Functional Grammar is presented. The major objectives are to discover the Systemic Functional characteristics and help enthusiasts write Chinese recipes in English explicitly. The study finds that to keep the texts concise and easy to follow, Chinese recipes are written with few mood structure. The research finds that Halliday doesn't count conjunction word or as a way of showing possibilities in category of Modality. Yet it is supposed to be put into this category as well.展开更多
The“Indus-Vedic”cultural heritage of India is well-known.Wild edible plants,sometimes known as weeds,are widely consumed in India’s varied areas.Wild edible plants and weeds are essential for tribes’survival,both ...The“Indus-Vedic”cultural heritage of India is well-known.Wild edible plants,sometimes known as weeds,are widely consumed in India’s varied areas.Wild edible plants and weeds are essential for tribes’survival,both as a source of food and as a source of money,such as timber.This study aims to identify wild vegetables collected for ethnomedical purposes and their recipes by the local people,as well as determine the local uses and names of these plants,with the goal of closing the gap in traditional knowledge regarding the utility of wild plant species and tapping the hidden potential resources for proper utilization,exploitation,and nutritive evaluation.A field research study was conducted two years 2020-2021.34 wild vegetable plant specimens were collected during this time.The names of the plants found in the area,as well as the parts that were used and how they were prepared,were examined and recorded.This type of extensive survey technique could assist aspiring scientists in learning about the health advantages of wild food plants and weeds,which can subsequently be combined to generate successful crop plants.Such a system will benefit in the mitigation of food shortages,the regeneration of infertile lands,and the enhancement of rural economies.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and ...Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan(Liver) and invigorating Pi(Spleen) recipes on this pathway. Methods: After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table(n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder(柴胡疏肝散, CHSG) group(3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group(9.6 g/kg), low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder(参苓白术散, SLBZ) group(10 g/kg), high-dose SLBZ(30 g/kg) group, and low-and highdose integrated recipe(L-IR, H-IR) groups. All rats in the model and treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD). The treatments were administrated by gastrogavage once daily and lasted for 26 weeks. The liver tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining. Levels of liver lipids, serum lipids and transaminases were measured. KCs were isolated from the livers of rats to evaluate the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins expressions of TLR4, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK by Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 in KCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After 26 weeks of HFD feeding, HE and oil red O staining showed that the NASH model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenesis and histopathological features. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as TC and TG levels in liver tissues, and significant decrease in serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those indices were significantly ameliorated in the H-IR group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in KCs were observed in the model group compared with the normal group(P<0.01). Significant decreases in TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were observed in the H-SLBZ, H-IR and L-IR groups compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The m RNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK and protein expressions of TLR4, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in KCs in the model group were significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.01), while those expression levels in the L-IR and H-IR groups were significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: Inflammation in KCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH in rats. The data demonstrated the importance of TLR4-p38 MAPK signaling pathway in KCs for the anti-inflammatory effect of soothing Gan and invigorating Pi recipes.展开更多
This article examines the circulation of medical recipes through vernacular literature and personal networks from the late Ming through the Qing.During this period,vernacular texts played a leading role in circulating...This article examines the circulation of medical recipes through vernacular literature and personal networks from the late Ming through the Qing.During this period,vernacular texts played a leading role in circulating practical instructions for everyday healing techniques,especially in the form of recipes.Recipes became a versatile textual form for recording and transmitting experience in quotidian practice.They moved among different genres of texts,providing information about healing,offering advice for entertainment,and delivering moral lessons.Literati sociability as well as philanthropic and religious comm Aments motivated people of varied social means to distribute vernacular texts bearing healing information to a broad audience.Recipes acquired legitimacy and authority by clearly marking their provenance and thus its relationship to particular social networks and,sometimes,a religious purpose as well.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hewei Jiangni recipe(和胃降逆方,HWJNR)for treating nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux(NERD)with cold-heat complex syndrome and to clarify its mechanism based on correla...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hewei Jiangni recipe(和胃降逆方,HWJNR)for treating nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux(NERD)with cold-heat complex syndrome and to clarify its mechanism based on correlation analyses of intestinal flora and metabolites.METHODS:Seventy-two patients with NERD and the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome of intermingled heat and cold were randomly assigned to either the TCM group or the Western Medicine group,each receiving 8 weeks of treatment.The primary outcome was the score of the gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire(GERD-Q).Additionally,10 healthy individuals were recruited.Mechanistic outcomes included correlation analyses of intestinal flora and metabolites in healthy individuals and NERD participants before and after treatment.RESULTS:After 8 weeks,the effectiveness rate was 90%in the TCM group and 86.67%in the Western Medicine group(P>0.05).Compared with omeprazole,the TCM group significantly improved quality of life and alleviated symptoms such as loss of appetite,fatigue,bowel sounds,and coldness in the hands and feet(P<0.05).Dysregulation of intestinal flora and metabolic pathways in NERD patients was restored to balance after TCM treatment,which appeared related to the TCM regulation of"cold and heat disorders."CONCLUSION:HWJNR was clinically as effective as omeprazole and demonstrated advantages in improving quality of life.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical components of Mudan Huaban recipe(牡丹化斑方,MHR)and evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism in melasma mice.METHODS:The chemical compositions of MHR were determined by the ultra...OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical components of Mudan Huaban recipe(牡丹化斑方,MHR)and evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism in melasma mice.METHODS:The chemical compositions of MHR were determined by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-exactive mass spectrometry method.Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ultraviolet B and progesterone for 21 d to induce melasma,and Fontana-Masson staining was used to assess the effects of MHR on melasma.Luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol,and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malonic dialdehyde content were detected by chemiluminescence.Tyrosinase and related proteins expressions were detected by Western blots and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:A total of 43 chemical components were identified in MHR,MHR significantly decreased the melanin particles of melasma mice.MHR treatment significantly reversed the high contents of LH and low activity of SOD in models.MHR significantly reduced the higher levels of tyrosinase,tyrosinase-related proteins-1(TRP-1),TRP-2,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(pCREB)/CREB in the skin of melasma mice.CONCLUSIONS:MHR protects against melasma via regulation of sex hormones,oxidative stress,and melanogenesis-related proteins,suggesting its possible use as a supplement and alternative drug therapy for melasma.展开更多
Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral enviro...Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral environmental burdens.In this investigation,a"gate-to-gate"Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was conducted to analyze the environmental performance of two major WWTPs in Arequipa:La Escalerilla(Plant A,activated sludge)and La Enlozada(Plant B,trickling filters).The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA and the ReCiPe Midpoint(H)2016 impact assessment method,with a functional unit defined as 1 m^(3)of treated effluent.Energy consumption emerges as the primary driver for the climate change(GWP100),fossil depletion(FDP),and human toxicity(HTPinf)impact categories,accounting for approximately 75% to 85% of the total effects.Plant A,which requires 0.59 kWh/m^(3)of electricity,achieves superior nutrient removal reflected in a freshwater eutrophication potential of 1.92×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3),and exhibits marginally higher CO_(2)-eq emissions(GWP100)(1.17×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)).Conversely,Plant B consumes only 0.34 kWh/m^(3),resulting in a slightly lower GWP100(1.14×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3))and a significantly greater reduction in fossil depletion potential(FDP)(2.56×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)vs.Plant A's 4.75×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)),although it exhibits an elevated eutrophication potential of 4.10×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3).Both plants meet discharge standards.This study shows that treatment technologies must balance efficiency and sustainability,with energy use being critical.As Peruvian LCA research is scarce,these results offer key insights for future policies.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of the Jianpi Yifei Tongluo recipe(健脾益肺通络方剂,JYTR)on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)within an animal model and to elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms.METHODS:...OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of the Jianpi Yifei Tongluo recipe(健脾益肺通络方剂,JYTR)on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)within an animal model and to elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms.METHODS:In this study,we utilized cigarette smoke(CS)exposure and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced models of COPD in rats to evaluate the effects of the JYTR on airway inflammation.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to various groups:control,model,budesonide,synbiotics,and low,medium,and high JYTR.Pulmonary function was gauged using an animal volumetric tracer.Pathological alterations in lung tissue were examined under a light microscope.To ascertain cytokine production,we conducted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests,and we employed Western blotting to measure the expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF4),arginase 1(Arg1),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor,alpha(IKB-α),and P65.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,rats in the COPD model group exhibited significantly compromised pulmonary function and severe inflammatory pathology in the lungs.Treatment with budesonide,synbiotics,and the JYTR markedly improved pulmonary function and diminished the production of inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6).These improvements were particularly notable in the budesonide group and the high-dose JYTR group.Additionally,the JYTR increased the expression of IRF4 and upregulated the protein expression of Arg1,while concurrently downregulating the protein expression of iNOS,phosphorylated IKB-α,and phosphorylated P65.CONCLUSION:Our current study reveals that JYTR can mitigate inflammatory lung injury,enhance lung function,and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by CS or LPS exposure in COPD model rats.The mechanism behind its anti-inflammatory effect likely involves the regulation of IRF4 expression and M2 polarization through the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective To investigate the active components and mechanisms by which Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe influences the transformation from cervical high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)-related cervicitis to cancer,utilizi...Objective To investigate the active components and mechanisms by which Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe influences the transformation from cervical high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)-related cervicitis to cancer,utilizing network pharmacology,Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)data,and molecular docking techniques.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),HERB,and the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ETCM)databases were used to screen out the active ingredients and related targets of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe.The GeneCards database for disease targets at different stages of HR-HPV-related cervicitis–cancer were searched.The String platform to construct a protein-protein interaction network and identify key targets was utilized.Enrichment analysis of intersecting genes was performed using the DAVID database.The GSE149763 dataset from the GEO to identify differential genes involved in the transformation from cervicitis to cervical cancer by comparing cervicitis with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and cervical cancer was utilized.R language to generate volcano plots,heat maps,and key target expression trend charts were employed.Molecular docking of key pathway targets and main compounds of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe for HR-HPV-related cervicitis–cancer was performed using AutoDock Vina.Results The study identified 185 main active ingredients of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe.The protein–protein interaction network indicates that the core targets for interfering with HR-HPV-related inflammation–cancer transformation include TNF,IL-6,IL-1β,CXCL8,IL-1α,IFN-γ,IL-10,CCL2,CCL5,and CXCL10.KEGG pathway analysis indicates that Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe primarily affects HR-HPV-related inflammation–cancer transformation via the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.GEO analysis identified the Toll-like receptor pathway as crucial across various stages of cervicitis–cancer lesions,with CXCL10 emerging as a key target.Molecular docking analysis revealed that the primary components of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe effectively bind to TLR4.Conclusion Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe can interfere with HR-HPV-related cervicitis–cancer transformation by acting on TLR4 through the Toll-like receptor pathway.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of Bushen Tongluo recipe(BSTLR, 补肾通络方) on rats with diabetic kidney disease(DKD) and to explore the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS:The rat model of DKD was establishe...OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of Bushen Tongluo recipe(BSTLR, 补肾通络方) on rats with diabetic kidney disease(DKD) and to explore the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS:The rat model of DKD was established, and rats were treated with different doses of BSTLR. Body weight and the levels of urinary protein, α1-microglobulin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Cystatin C, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and catalase were analyzed biochemically or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological damage to renal tissues was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect the expression levels of fibronectin, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, laminin, vimentin, collagen type Ⅳ in kidney tissues. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the expression levels of Nephrin, Desmin, Podocin, transforming growth factor-β1, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(Smad3), Notch1, jagged, hairy and enhancer of split 1(Hes1) in kidney tissues, and the expression levels of maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3) and mi R-145 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the binding of mi R-145 to MEG3. RESULTS:BSTLR increased the body weight of DKD rats, effectively ameliorated the renal function and pathological injury in DKD, regulated the balance of renal oxidative stress, inhibited the TGF/Notch signaling pathway, and affected the variations in the lnc RNA MEG3/mi R-145 axis. CONCLUSION:BSTLR improved oxidative stress homeostasis, inhibited the TGF/Notch signaling pathway, and regulated the lnc RNA MEG3/mi R-145 axis, effectively delaying the progression of DKD.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CU...Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS)combined with social isolation.Methods:Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,model group,fluoxetine group,Chaiqinwendan decoction group,and Fuhe decoction group.Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with a social isolation method was used to replicate the depression rat model.After 42 days of administration,a tail suspension test and high-performance liquid electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)were used to detect the behavioral changes and changes in the content of monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytrytamine(5-HT),and metabolites in different brain regions of rats in each group before and after treatment.Results:Compared with the model group,the epinephrine(E)content in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Compared with the model group,the 5-HT content of the prefrontal cortex in rats in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Furthermore,compared with the model group,the 5-HT content in the hippocampus of rats in the Fuhe decoction group was significantly increased(P<.05).Conclusion:Fuhe decoction can improve the depression-like behaviors of model rats,and its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase in 5-HT content in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe regulatory effect of Naoluoxintong formula(脑络欣通方,NLXT)and its split prescriptions on vascular regeneration of rats suffering from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(IR)syndrome of Qi deficiency wi...OBJECTIVE:To observe regulatory effect of Naoluoxintong formula(脑络欣通方,NLXT)and its split prescriptions on vascular regeneration of rats suffering from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(IR)syndrome of Qi deficiency with blood stasis(QDBS).METHODS:NLXT is the representative prescription of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo decoction(益气活血通络方),and NLXT is divided into Yiqi herbs(益气药)and Huoxue Tongluo herbs(活血通络药)according to their efficacies.One hundred and eight specific-pathogen-free,clean-grade,Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected to prepare the classical rat model with QDBS due to middle artery ischemia-reperfusion using the multi-factor compound simulation approach.The animals were classified into sham operation(S),model(M),Nimodping(NMDP),NLXT,YQ and HXTL groups,each having 18 rats.Cerebral ischemia was reperfused after 2 h,and 24 h later,they were administered traditional Chinese medicine treatment for 14 d twice a day.Angiogenesis changes after NLXT administration to middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion(MCAO/R)rats with QDBS were analyzed using the neurological deficit score and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Cerebral infarct area by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride was detected,and the ultrastructure of the blood vessel in the ischemic frontoparietal cortex was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Angiopoietin 1(Ang1),angiopoietin 2(Ang2),vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2),platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31),angiopoietin receptor 2(Tie2),and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)protein levels in the frontal and parietal cortex were quantified by immunofluorescence,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and Western blotting assays.RESULTS:Relative to the S group,VEGFA and VEGFR2 levels in the frontal and parietal cortex of group M were increased,and Ang1,Ang2,Tie2,CD31,and p38 MAPK levels remarkably increased(P<0.05);cerebral infarct area was significant and pathological morphology and ultrastructure damage was obvious.Relative to the group M,VEGFA,VEGFR2,CD31,Ang1,Ang2,and Tie2 expression of group NLXT and NMDP remarkably elevated(P<0.05)and infarct focus,pathological morphology and ultrastructure were significantly improved;VEGFA and VEGFR2 levels in the groups YQ and HXTL increased,and Ang1,Ang2,CD31,and Tie2 levels remarkably increased(P<0.05);p38 MAPK levels in the three treatment groups decreased(P<0.05).Relative to the group NLXT,the expression levels of p38 MAPK in group YQ and group HXTL were significantly increased,and the expression levels of other indicators were significantly decreased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:NLXT can promote the angiogenesis of the rat model of MCAO/R with QDBS by activating VEGFA and inhibiting P38 MAPK,and the effect is better than that of split prescription groups.展开更多
School gardens growing African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables(AILVs)(Amaranthus cruentus and Vigna unguiculata)were established in Kangundo and Kilalani primary schools in Machakos County,Kenya and children aged 6-10 yea...School gardens growing African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables(AILVs)(Amaranthus cruentus and Vigna unguiculata)were established in Kangundo and Kilalani primary schools in Machakos County,Kenya and children aged 6-10 years(Kangundo,N=66,Kilalani,N=46)that met the inclusion criteria participated as study subjects.There were two phases,I(13 weeks)and II(12 weeks)with 4 weeks in between to enable crossover of the school as either experimental or control.AILVs were grown in gardens of the experimental school.Study subjects in the experimental group were fed on the AILVs recipe with an accompaniment of a mixture of cooked maize and beans once a day,5 days a week per phase.The control group fed only on the accompaniment.Body Mass Index(BMI)was determined and a prescribed dose of deuterium oxide was administered and deuterium enrichment determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry for%Fat Free Mass(FFM)in children’s saliva at baseline and endline.Serum Zn and Fe levels were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at baseline and endline.Endline analysis in both phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed the%FFM,mean serum Fe and Zn were significantly higher(p<0.001)only for the experimental group.Food-based intervention through vegetable garden establishments has potential to eradicate malnutrition among school-going children in Kenya.Further,finding by previous studies that DDIM is more accurate in determining nutrition intervention outcomes in children than BMI is supported.展开更多
The use of medicines for infants and children is presenting one unique set of challenges, because children are the most vulnerable population in any society. In this study, we set out to present the characteristics an...The use of medicines for infants and children is presenting one unique set of challenges, because children are the most vulnerable population in any society. In this study, we set out to present the characteristics and classification of antibiotics recommended for children according to WHO, EMA and EBM. Also, the aim of this study was to analyze the most prescribed pediatric antibiotics in 2013 in Republic of Macedonia compared with standard treatments. Presented data was collected according to the number of prescribed recipes of pediatric dosage forms covered by the Fund of Republic of Macedonia. The obtained results showed that the most prescribed pediatric antibiotic is amoxicillin with clavulanic acid （875mg ＋ 125mg） in form of tablet, with 280 863 prescribed recipes which corresponds to the recommendations of EBM.展开更多
文摘A concept of new two-constant of colorant, both （ R/St ） and （s/St）, is introduced based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. A new two-constant theory for color matching is presented. Basic equations used in matching to K/S values are given in matrix form based on the new two-constant theory. Algorithm for a least-squares match to K/S values of a sample is developed by use of the new two-constant theory. The algorithm is suitable for single-constant theory as well as two-constant theory. The experimental data show that calculating K/S values of disperse dyes based on new two- constant theory are accordant with the measuring ones. The recipes predicted by new two-constant theory arc closer to the actual recipes of the standard sample than the recipes predicted by single-constant theory. The sample according to the recipe predicted by new two-constant theory has smaller color difference against for the standard than the sample according to the recipe predicted by single-constant theory. The results show that the scattering of disperse dyes cannot be negligible, and that the recipes match to textiles colored by disperse dyes should be predicted by using of new two-constant theory.
基金Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81674005,81904230,81804120,81302992)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes(ZZ10-015)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project(7164313)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M611125,2016M591364).
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue and degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue of patients with nucleus pulposus removal under lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were isolated and cultured by multiple enzyme digestion methods to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs/NPCs.Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were enrolled for 2 weeks.The venous blood was taken 50mL before the first dose and one hour after the last dose.Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by secondary centrifugation and cultured with different plasma.The experiment was divided into five groups:platelet-rich plasma group(PRP),platelet-poor plasma group(PPP),drug-rich platelet-rich plasma group(M-PRP)and drug-poor platelet plasma group(M-PPP),fetal bovine serum group(FBS).The morphological changes of the cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope.The changes of type I collagen activity were detected by immunofluorescence assay.The expression of CCOL1A1 gene was detected by RT-PCR two weeks after the intervention.Results:In this study,the results of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and PRP group intervention were shown.The results of the group intervention showed that the M-PRP group and the PRP group had clearer cell contours and better refractive index than the other groups,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in PRP group and M-PRP group was higher,but the staining intensity of single cells was significantly lower than that in FBS group.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of COL1A1 mRNA in PPP group,PRP group,M-PRP group and M-PPP group was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05),respectively:0.343±0.040,0.294±0.018,0.310±0.022,0.430±0.020.Conclusions:Kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes combined with platelet-rich plasma can decrease the activity and exhibit a tendency to inhibit the expression of type I collagen.
文摘One of the elements of attraction in tourism sector is food and beverage. International food habits consist of national food habits in tourism. Preparing standard recipes for traditional food is required in point of the sustainability of cultural food habits. Also, it is important in point of the tourism sector. Similar aspects of food from different cultures and differences can be an attraction factor. This paper explains the development of Turkish and Latvian cuisines through history. In this research, Turkish and Latvian traditional foods have been researched and standard recipes have been organized. As an example, Turkish and Latvian traditional foods have been compared with each other. This paper offers guidelines for developing traditional food recipes as gastronomic tourism product, which can be adapted throughout the region and can be an important element in sustainable tourism projects. In conclusion, some similarities and differences have been observed between them and have been evaluated in terms of the tourism product.
基金Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81674005,81904230,81804120,81302992)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes(ZZ10-015)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project(No.7164313)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M611125,No.2016M591364).
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue and degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue of patients with nucleus pulposus removal under lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were isolated and cultured by multiple enzyme digestion methods to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs/NPCs. Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were enrolled for 2 weeks.The venous blood was taken 50mL before the first dose and one hour after the last dose. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by secondary centrifugation and cultured with different plasma. The experiment was divided into five groups: platelet-rich plasma group (PRP), platelet-poor plasma group (PPP), drug-rich platelet-rich plasma group (M-PRP) and drug-poor platelet plasma group (M-PPP), fetal bovine serum group (FBS). The morphological changes of the cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope. The changes of type I collagen activity were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The expression of CCOL1A1 gene was detected by RT-PCR two weeks after the intervention.Results:In this study, the results of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and PRP group intervention were shown. The results of the group intervention showed that the M-PRP group and the PRP group had clearer cell contours and better refractive index than the other groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in PRP group and M-PRP group was higher, but the staining intensity of single cells was significantly lower than that in FBS group. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of COL1A1 mRNA in PPP group, PRP group, M-PRP group and M-PPP group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), respectively: 0.343±0.040, 0.294±0.018, 0.310±0.022, 0.430±0.020.Conclusion:Kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes combined with platelet-rich plasma can decrease the activity and exhibit a tendency to inhibit the expression of type I collagen.
文摘This thesis research on nutritious balance of specific examples in Chinese recipes applying diversity indices and cluster analysis. Initially, based on data of the nutritional ingredients of food, such as proteins, fat and vitamins, we categorize 1200 kinds of specific food using cluster analysis;then, according to a recipe given by a local restaurant, we calculate and compare the diversity indices based on the components of 25 single dishes in the recipe and analyze the nutritious balance of each dish.
文摘The paper intends to explore the language futures of Chinese recipes from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar. Different from previous research made by others, it is written to explore the relationship between the writer and the putative readers. The Mood structure, Modality, the Theme choices, cohesive devices,and transitivity are presented systematically. The embodiment of the functions of the main elements from Systemic Functional Grammar is presented. The major objectives are to discover the Systemic Functional characteristics and help enthusiasts write Chinese recipes in English explicitly. The study finds that to keep the texts concise and easy to follow, Chinese recipes are written with few mood structure. The research finds that Halliday doesn't count conjunction word or as a way of showing possibilities in category of Modality. Yet it is supposed to be put into this category as well.
文摘The“Indus-Vedic”cultural heritage of India is well-known.Wild edible plants,sometimes known as weeds,are widely consumed in India’s varied areas.Wild edible plants and weeds are essential for tribes’survival,both as a source of food and as a source of money,such as timber.This study aims to identify wild vegetables collected for ethnomedical purposes and their recipes by the local people,as well as determine the local uses and names of these plants,with the goal of closing the gap in traditional knowledge regarding the utility of wild plant species and tapping the hidden potential resources for proper utilization,exploitation,and nutritive evaluation.A field research study was conducted two years 2020-2021.34 wild vegetable plant specimens were collected during this time.The names of the plants found in the area,as well as the parts that were used and how they were prepared,were examined and recorded.This type of extensive survey technique could assist aspiring scientists in learning about the health advantages of wild food plants and weeds,which can subsequently be combined to generate successful crop plants.Such a system will benefit in the mitigation of food shortages,the regeneration of infertile lands,and the enhancement of rural economies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973694)
文摘Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan(Liver) and invigorating Pi(Spleen) recipes on this pathway. Methods: After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table(n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder(柴胡疏肝散, CHSG) group(3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group(9.6 g/kg), low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder(参苓白术散, SLBZ) group(10 g/kg), high-dose SLBZ(30 g/kg) group, and low-and highdose integrated recipe(L-IR, H-IR) groups. All rats in the model and treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD). The treatments were administrated by gastrogavage once daily and lasted for 26 weeks. The liver tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining. Levels of liver lipids, serum lipids and transaminases were measured. KCs were isolated from the livers of rats to evaluate the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins expressions of TLR4, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK by Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 in KCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After 26 weeks of HFD feeding, HE and oil red O staining showed that the NASH model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenesis and histopathological features. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as TC and TG levels in liver tissues, and significant decrease in serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those indices were significantly ameliorated in the H-IR group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in KCs were observed in the model group compared with the normal group(P<0.01). Significant decreases in TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were observed in the H-SLBZ, H-IR and L-IR groups compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The m RNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK and protein expressions of TLR4, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in KCs in the model group were significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.01), while those expression levels in the L-IR and H-IR groups were significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: Inflammation in KCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH in rats. The data demonstrated the importance of TLR4-p38 MAPK signaling pathway in KCs for the anti-inflammatory effect of soothing Gan and invigorating Pi recipes.
文摘This article examines the circulation of medical recipes through vernacular literature and personal networks from the late Ming through the Qing.During this period,vernacular texts played a leading role in circulating practical instructions for everyday healing techniques,especially in the form of recipes.Recipes became a versatile textual form for recording and transmitting experience in quotidian practice.They moved among different genres of texts,providing information about healing,offering advice for entertainment,and delivering moral lessons.Literati sociability as well as philanthropic and religious comm Aments motivated people of varied social means to distribute vernacular texts bearing healing information to a broad audience.Recipes acquired legitimacy and authority by clearly marking their provenance and thus its relationship to particular social networks and,sometimes,a religious purpose as well.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities:Research on the Mechanism of Hewei Jiangni Recipe on Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Based on the Correlation Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites (No. 2020-JYB-ZDGG-128)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of "Hewei Jiangni Fang" Intervention in Nonerosive Reflux Disease Esophageal Hypersensitivity from the Perspective of Mas-related Gene X2/Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Pathway Regulation of Mast Cell/Dorsal Root Ganglion Communication Based on the "Xinkai-Kujiang" Method (No. 82374401)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hewei Jiangni recipe(和胃降逆方,HWJNR)for treating nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux(NERD)with cold-heat complex syndrome and to clarify its mechanism based on correlation analyses of intestinal flora and metabolites.METHODS:Seventy-two patients with NERD and the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome of intermingled heat and cold were randomly assigned to either the TCM group or the Western Medicine group,each receiving 8 weeks of treatment.The primary outcome was the score of the gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire(GERD-Q).Additionally,10 healthy individuals were recruited.Mechanistic outcomes included correlation analyses of intestinal flora and metabolites in healthy individuals and NERD participants before and after treatment.RESULTS:After 8 weeks,the effectiveness rate was 90%in the TCM group and 86.67%in the Western Medicine group(P>0.05).Compared with omeprazole,the TCM group significantly improved quality of life and alleviated symptoms such as loss of appetite,fatigue,bowel sounds,and coldness in the hands and feet(P<0.05).Dysregulation of intestinal flora and metabolic pathways in NERD patients was restored to balance after TCM treatment,which appeared related to the TCM regulation of"cold and heat disorders."CONCLUSION:HWJNR was clinically as effective as omeprazole and demonstrated advantages in improving quality of life.
基金Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Transversal Project:"Internal and External"Product and Technology Development for Herbal Acne and Blemish Removal(No.2019110031001241)the Youth Project Under the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Revealing the Scientific Connotation of Tongfu Chinese Herb Rhubarb in Treating Ischemic Stroke from the Perspective of"Intestinal Tryptophan Metabolism and Central Microglia Polarisation"(No.82104440)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical components of Mudan Huaban recipe(牡丹化斑方,MHR)and evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism in melasma mice.METHODS:The chemical compositions of MHR were determined by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-exactive mass spectrometry method.Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ultraviolet B and progesterone for 21 d to induce melasma,and Fontana-Masson staining was used to assess the effects of MHR on melasma.Luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol,and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malonic dialdehyde content were detected by chemiluminescence.Tyrosinase and related proteins expressions were detected by Western blots and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:A total of 43 chemical components were identified in MHR,MHR significantly decreased the melanin particles of melasma mice.MHR treatment significantly reversed the high contents of LH and low activity of SOD in models.MHR significantly reduced the higher levels of tyrosinase,tyrosinase-related proteins-1(TRP-1),TRP-2,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(pCREB)/CREB in the skin of melasma mice.CONCLUSIONS:MHR protects against melasma via regulation of sex hormones,oxidative stress,and melanogenesis-related proteins,suggesting its possible use as a supplement and alternative drug therapy for melasma.
基金supported by Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa grant number[TP IB-09-2020-UNSA].
文摘Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral environmental burdens.In this investigation,a"gate-to-gate"Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was conducted to analyze the environmental performance of two major WWTPs in Arequipa:La Escalerilla(Plant A,activated sludge)and La Enlozada(Plant B,trickling filters).The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA and the ReCiPe Midpoint(H)2016 impact assessment method,with a functional unit defined as 1 m^(3)of treated effluent.Energy consumption emerges as the primary driver for the climate change(GWP100),fossil depletion(FDP),and human toxicity(HTPinf)impact categories,accounting for approximately 75% to 85% of the total effects.Plant A,which requires 0.59 kWh/m^(3)of electricity,achieves superior nutrient removal reflected in a freshwater eutrophication potential of 1.92×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3),and exhibits marginally higher CO_(2)-eq emissions(GWP100)(1.17×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)).Conversely,Plant B consumes only 0.34 kWh/m^(3),resulting in a slightly lower GWP100(1.14×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3))and a significantly greater reduction in fossil depletion potential(FDP)(2.56×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)vs.Plant A's 4.75×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)),although it exhibits an elevated eutrophication potential of 4.10×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3).Both plants meet discharge standards.This study shows that treatment technologies must balance efficiency and sustainability,with energy use being critical.As Peruvian LCA research is scarce,these results offer key insights for future policies.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China to Intestinal Microflora-Mediated Regulation of Breast Regression Protein 39/chitinase-3-like Protein 1 Signaling pathway in the Intervention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Invigorating Spleen Supplementing Lung and Relaxing Collaterals Method (No. 81804074)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of the Jianpi Yifei Tongluo recipe(健脾益肺通络方剂,JYTR)on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)within an animal model and to elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms.METHODS:In this study,we utilized cigarette smoke(CS)exposure and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced models of COPD in rats to evaluate the effects of the JYTR on airway inflammation.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to various groups:control,model,budesonide,synbiotics,and low,medium,and high JYTR.Pulmonary function was gauged using an animal volumetric tracer.Pathological alterations in lung tissue were examined under a light microscope.To ascertain cytokine production,we conducted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests,and we employed Western blotting to measure the expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF4),arginase 1(Arg1),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor,alpha(IKB-α),and P65.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,rats in the COPD model group exhibited significantly compromised pulmonary function and severe inflammatory pathology in the lungs.Treatment with budesonide,synbiotics,and the JYTR markedly improved pulmonary function and diminished the production of inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6).These improvements were particularly notable in the budesonide group and the high-dose JYTR group.Additionally,the JYTR increased the expression of IRF4 and upregulated the protein expression of Arg1,while concurrently downregulating the protein expression of iNOS,phosphorylated IKB-α,and phosphorylated P65.CONCLUSION:Our current study reveals that JYTR can mitigate inflammatory lung injury,enhance lung function,and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by CS or LPS exposure in COPD model rats.The mechanism behind its anti-inflammatory effect likely involves the regulation of IRF4 expression and M2 polarization through the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway.
基金supported by National Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Development Demonstration Pilot Project-Zhongshan Chinese Medicine Hospital Chinese Medicine Research Project(YN2024B005).
文摘Objective To investigate the active components and mechanisms by which Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe influences the transformation from cervical high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)-related cervicitis to cancer,utilizing network pharmacology,Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)data,and molecular docking techniques.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),HERB,and the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ETCM)databases were used to screen out the active ingredients and related targets of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe.The GeneCards database for disease targets at different stages of HR-HPV-related cervicitis–cancer were searched.The String platform to construct a protein-protein interaction network and identify key targets was utilized.Enrichment analysis of intersecting genes was performed using the DAVID database.The GSE149763 dataset from the GEO to identify differential genes involved in the transformation from cervicitis to cervical cancer by comparing cervicitis with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and cervical cancer was utilized.R language to generate volcano plots,heat maps,and key target expression trend charts were employed.Molecular docking of key pathway targets and main compounds of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe for HR-HPV-related cervicitis–cancer was performed using AutoDock Vina.Results The study identified 185 main active ingredients of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe.The protein–protein interaction network indicates that the core targets for interfering with HR-HPV-related inflammation–cancer transformation include TNF,IL-6,IL-1β,CXCL8,IL-1α,IFN-γ,IL-10,CCL2,CCL5,and CXCL10.KEGG pathway analysis indicates that Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe primarily affects HR-HPV-related inflammation–cancer transformation via the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.GEO analysis identified the Toll-like receptor pathway as crucial across various stages of cervicitis–cancer lesions,with CXCL10 emerging as a key target.Molecular docking analysis revealed that the primary components of Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe effectively bind to TLR4.Conclusion Qingre Zaoshi Jiedu Recipe can interfere with HR-HPV-related cervicitis–cancer transformation by acting on TLR4 through the Toll-like receptor pathway.
文摘OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of Bushen Tongluo recipe(BSTLR, 补肾通络方) on rats with diabetic kidney disease(DKD) and to explore the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS:The rat model of DKD was established, and rats were treated with different doses of BSTLR. Body weight and the levels of urinary protein, α1-microglobulin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Cystatin C, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and catalase were analyzed biochemically or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological damage to renal tissues was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect the expression levels of fibronectin, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, laminin, vimentin, collagen type Ⅳ in kidney tissues. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the expression levels of Nephrin, Desmin, Podocin, transforming growth factor-β1, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(Smad3), Notch1, jagged, hairy and enhancer of split 1(Hes1) in kidney tissues, and the expression levels of maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3) and mi R-145 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the binding of mi R-145 to MEG3. RESULTS:BSTLR increased the body weight of DKD rats, effectively ameliorated the renal function and pathological injury in DKD, regulated the balance of renal oxidative stress, inhibited the TGF/Notch signaling pathway, and affected the variations in the lnc RNA MEG3/mi R-145 axis. CONCLUSION:BSTLR improved oxidative stress homeostasis, inhibited the TGF/Notch signaling pathway, and regulated the lnc RNA MEG3/mi R-145 axis, effectively delaying the progression of DKD.
基金the Foundation of new teachers of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019-JYB-XJSJJ-001)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS)combined with social isolation.Methods:Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,model group,fluoxetine group,Chaiqinwendan decoction group,and Fuhe decoction group.Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with a social isolation method was used to replicate the depression rat model.After 42 days of administration,a tail suspension test and high-performance liquid electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)were used to detect the behavioral changes and changes in the content of monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytrytamine(5-HT),and metabolites in different brain regions of rats in each group before and after treatment.Results:Compared with the model group,the epinephrine(E)content in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Compared with the model group,the 5-HT content of the prefrontal cortex in rats in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Furthermore,compared with the model group,the 5-HT content in the hippocampus of rats in the Fuhe decoction group was significantly increased(P<.05).Conclusion:Fuhe decoction can improve the depression-like behaviors of model rats,and its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase in 5-HT content in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.
基金Second Round Construction Project of state administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic School Inheritance Studio[Letter of Human Teaching(2019)No.62 from State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine],the 13th Batch of"Innovation Team for Prevention and Treatment of Encephalopathy by Combination of Acupuncture and Medicine"Project of 115 Industry Innovation Team in Anhui Province[Anhui Talent Office(2020)No.4]Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,studied the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Method on Vascular Regeneration in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia and its Mechanism Based on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1Α/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway(KJ2022A0547)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe regulatory effect of Naoluoxintong formula(脑络欣通方,NLXT)and its split prescriptions on vascular regeneration of rats suffering from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(IR)syndrome of Qi deficiency with blood stasis(QDBS).METHODS:NLXT is the representative prescription of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo decoction(益气活血通络方),and NLXT is divided into Yiqi herbs(益气药)and Huoxue Tongluo herbs(活血通络药)according to their efficacies.One hundred and eight specific-pathogen-free,clean-grade,Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected to prepare the classical rat model with QDBS due to middle artery ischemia-reperfusion using the multi-factor compound simulation approach.The animals were classified into sham operation(S),model(M),Nimodping(NMDP),NLXT,YQ and HXTL groups,each having 18 rats.Cerebral ischemia was reperfused after 2 h,and 24 h later,they were administered traditional Chinese medicine treatment for 14 d twice a day.Angiogenesis changes after NLXT administration to middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion(MCAO/R)rats with QDBS were analyzed using the neurological deficit score and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Cerebral infarct area by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride was detected,and the ultrastructure of the blood vessel in the ischemic frontoparietal cortex was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Angiopoietin 1(Ang1),angiopoietin 2(Ang2),vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2),platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31),angiopoietin receptor 2(Tie2),and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)protein levels in the frontal and parietal cortex were quantified by immunofluorescence,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and Western blotting assays.RESULTS:Relative to the S group,VEGFA and VEGFR2 levels in the frontal and parietal cortex of group M were increased,and Ang1,Ang2,Tie2,CD31,and p38 MAPK levels remarkably increased(P<0.05);cerebral infarct area was significant and pathological morphology and ultrastructure damage was obvious.Relative to the group M,VEGFA,VEGFR2,CD31,Ang1,Ang2,and Tie2 expression of group NLXT and NMDP remarkably elevated(P<0.05)and infarct focus,pathological morphology and ultrastructure were significantly improved;VEGFA and VEGFR2 levels in the groups YQ and HXTL increased,and Ang1,Ang2,CD31,and Tie2 levels remarkably increased(P<0.05);p38 MAPK levels in the three treatment groups decreased(P<0.05).Relative to the group NLXT,the expression levels of p38 MAPK in group YQ and group HXTL were significantly increased,and the expression levels of other indicators were significantly decreased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:NLXT can promote the angiogenesis of the rat model of MCAO/R with QDBS by activating VEGFA and inhibiting P38 MAPK,and the effect is better than that of split prescription groups.
文摘School gardens growing African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables(AILVs)(Amaranthus cruentus and Vigna unguiculata)were established in Kangundo and Kilalani primary schools in Machakos County,Kenya and children aged 6-10 years(Kangundo,N=66,Kilalani,N=46)that met the inclusion criteria participated as study subjects.There were two phases,I(13 weeks)and II(12 weeks)with 4 weeks in between to enable crossover of the school as either experimental or control.AILVs were grown in gardens of the experimental school.Study subjects in the experimental group were fed on the AILVs recipe with an accompaniment of a mixture of cooked maize and beans once a day,5 days a week per phase.The control group fed only on the accompaniment.Body Mass Index(BMI)was determined and a prescribed dose of deuterium oxide was administered and deuterium enrichment determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry for%Fat Free Mass(FFM)in children’s saliva at baseline and endline.Serum Zn and Fe levels were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at baseline and endline.Endline analysis in both phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed the%FFM,mean serum Fe and Zn were significantly higher(p<0.001)only for the experimental group.Food-based intervention through vegetable garden establishments has potential to eradicate malnutrition among school-going children in Kenya.Further,finding by previous studies that DDIM is more accurate in determining nutrition intervention outcomes in children than BMI is supported.
文摘The use of medicines for infants and children is presenting one unique set of challenges, because children are the most vulnerable population in any society. In this study, we set out to present the characteristics and classification of antibiotics recommended for children according to WHO, EMA and EBM. Also, the aim of this study was to analyze the most prescribed pediatric antibiotics in 2013 in Republic of Macedonia compared with standard treatments. Presented data was collected according to the number of prescribed recipes of pediatric dosage forms covered by the Fund of Republic of Macedonia. The obtained results showed that the most prescribed pediatric antibiotic is amoxicillin with clavulanic acid （875mg ＋ 125mg） in form of tablet, with 280 863 prescribed recipes which corresponds to the recommendations of EBM.
