Background: The registered dietetic four-year degree educational structure has been intact since 1926. Master level nutrition programs exist in the U.S., but are not standardized or accredited unlike four-year degrees...Background: The registered dietetic four-year degree educational structure has been intact since 1926. Master level nutrition programs exist in the U.S., but are not standardized or accredited unlike four-year degrees. Academic requirements for nutrition graduate programs vary regionally across the nation. Objective: To 1) quantify and describe the availability of Master level nutrition programs regionally;and 2) examine the current M.A. and M.S. program requirements for a nutrition graduate degree in the U.S. Methods: Nutrition graduate programs (n = 201) were analyzed and compared by geographical region. Data were collected between August 2017 and May 2018. Inclusion criteria were defined as: nutrition graduate programs listed in the American Society of Nutrition (ASN) database that had a nutrition graduate program website. Descriptive statistical analysis measured evaluated variables. Results: A total of 201 nutrition graduate programs in the U.S. were identified. The title of the programs was categorized into 29 main themes. The most common nutrition graduate program title was a M.S. in Nutrition, 55 institutions (27.4%). A total of 181 institutions offered a M.S. with a required thesis, whereas 95 offered a M.S. with a non-thesis option, and only eight offered a M.A. Region 3-South offered the highest number of nutrition graduate programs (66), followed by region 2-Midwest with 49 programs, region 1-Northeast offered a total of 46 programs, and 37 programs were offered in region 4-West. Conclusion: In 2024, as part of the RD eligibility criteria, it will be required that students possess a master’s degree. To date, only one master’s program in the U.S. is accredited, which assures the student a measure of confidence of program rigor and accountability. Dietitians’ three major professional concerns: respect, recognition and rewards are predicated on rigorous educational programs that meet ACEND standards. It is unlikely that all U.S. master level programs will be accredited by 2024.展开更多
Enterovirus 71(EV71)infection is more likely to cause hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in children,which can lead to neurogenic complications and higher mortality.As a commonly used clinical medicine,Reduning injectio...Enterovirus 71(EV71)infection is more likely to cause hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in children,which can lead to neurogenic complications and higher mortality.As a commonly used clinical medicine,Reduning injection(RDN)helps to shorten the symptoms of patients with HFMD and facilitate the early recovery of children.However,the regulatory mechanism of RDN on the HFMD immune system disorder caused by EV71 remains to be discussed.This study collected detailed treatment data of56 children with HFMD who entered the affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during 2019.Retrospective analysis of clinical data showed that the symptoms of the RDN treatment group were improved compared with the untreated group.To explore its mechanism,the relevant detection indicators were detected by flow cytometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and realtime quantitative PCR.It was found that the number and function of innate immune(ILCs)and adaptive immunity(Th1,Th2 and secreted cytokines)were reduced,suggesting that RDN plays a role by regulating cellular immunity.The in vitro differentiation inhibition test further confirmed that RDN affected Th1 differentiation by inhibiting the expression of transcription factors on the basis of Th1 cell differentiation in vitro.展开更多
高血压是临床最常见的慢性病之一。大约5%～10%的高血压患者对药物治疗抵抗，即联合3种或3种以上不同种类降压药物（包括利尿剂），且达到最大或最高耐受剂量，血压仍＞140/90 mm Hg（1 mm Hg＝0.133 kPa）的患者，（其中，糖尿病患者＞...高血压是临床最常见的慢性病之一。大约5%～10%的高血压患者对药物治疗抵抗，即联合3种或3种以上不同种类降压药物（包括利尿剂），且达到最大或最高耐受剂量，血压仍＞140/90 mm Hg（1 mm Hg＝0.133 kPa）的患者，（其中，糖尿病患者＞130～139/80～85 mm Hg，慢性肾病患者＞130/80 mm Hg）被称为顽固性高血压[1]。顽固性高血压可以增加心血管事件风险，但在治疗选择上非常有限。目前，非侵入性治疗策略主要是建立在生活方式干预和药物治疗的基础之上。然而，肾动脉交感神经消融术（RDN）提供了一个以肾交感神经为靶点的新方法，2007年该技术进入临床，近5～6年来，已证实可以降低顽固性高血压患者交感神经活性、去甲肾上腺素溢出以及血压水平[2]。展开更多
文摘Background: The registered dietetic four-year degree educational structure has been intact since 1926. Master level nutrition programs exist in the U.S., but are not standardized or accredited unlike four-year degrees. Academic requirements for nutrition graduate programs vary regionally across the nation. Objective: To 1) quantify and describe the availability of Master level nutrition programs regionally;and 2) examine the current M.A. and M.S. program requirements for a nutrition graduate degree in the U.S. Methods: Nutrition graduate programs (n = 201) were analyzed and compared by geographical region. Data were collected between August 2017 and May 2018. Inclusion criteria were defined as: nutrition graduate programs listed in the American Society of Nutrition (ASN) database that had a nutrition graduate program website. Descriptive statistical analysis measured evaluated variables. Results: A total of 201 nutrition graduate programs in the U.S. were identified. The title of the programs was categorized into 29 main themes. The most common nutrition graduate program title was a M.S. in Nutrition, 55 institutions (27.4%). A total of 181 institutions offered a M.S. with a required thesis, whereas 95 offered a M.S. with a non-thesis option, and only eight offered a M.A. Region 3-South offered the highest number of nutrition graduate programs (66), followed by region 2-Midwest with 49 programs, region 1-Northeast offered a total of 46 programs, and 37 programs were offered in region 4-West. Conclusion: In 2024, as part of the RD eligibility criteria, it will be required that students possess a master’s degree. To date, only one master’s program in the U.S. is accredited, which assures the student a measure of confidence of program rigor and accountability. Dietitians’ three major professional concerns: respect, recognition and rewards are predicated on rigorous educational programs that meet ACEND standards. It is unlikely that all U.S. master level programs will be accredited by 2024.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973221 and 81603647)the Innovation Team of the“Double-First Class”Disciplines(No.CPU2018GF08)+2 种基金the Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation of Nanjing Medical University(No.2017NJMUZD055)High-Level Talents in Six Industries in Jiangsu(No.SWYY010)Young and Middle-aged Academic Leader for Universities of Qinglan Project of Jiangsu(No.1170040009)。
文摘Enterovirus 71(EV71)infection is more likely to cause hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in children,which can lead to neurogenic complications and higher mortality.As a commonly used clinical medicine,Reduning injection(RDN)helps to shorten the symptoms of patients with HFMD and facilitate the early recovery of children.However,the regulatory mechanism of RDN on the HFMD immune system disorder caused by EV71 remains to be discussed.This study collected detailed treatment data of56 children with HFMD who entered the affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during 2019.Retrospective analysis of clinical data showed that the symptoms of the RDN treatment group were improved compared with the untreated group.To explore its mechanism,the relevant detection indicators were detected by flow cytometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and realtime quantitative PCR.It was found that the number and function of innate immune(ILCs)and adaptive immunity(Th1,Th2 and secreted cytokines)were reduced,suggesting that RDN plays a role by regulating cellular immunity.The in vitro differentiation inhibition test further confirmed that RDN affected Th1 differentiation by inhibiting the expression of transcription factors on the basis of Th1 cell differentiation in vitro.
文摘高血压是临床最常见的慢性病之一。大约5%～10%的高血压患者对药物治疗抵抗，即联合3种或3种以上不同种类降压药物（包括利尿剂），且达到最大或最高耐受剂量，血压仍＞140/90 mm Hg（1 mm Hg＝0.133 kPa）的患者，（其中，糖尿病患者＞130～139/80～85 mm Hg，慢性肾病患者＞130/80 mm Hg）被称为顽固性高血压[1]。顽固性高血压可以增加心血管事件风险，但在治疗选择上非常有限。目前，非侵入性治疗策略主要是建立在生活方式干预和药物治疗的基础之上。然而，肾动脉交感神经消融术（RDN）提供了一个以肾交感神经为靶点的新方法，2007年该技术进入临床，近5～6年来，已证实可以降低顽固性高血压患者交感神经活性、去甲肾上腺素溢出以及血压水平[2]。
