Recently, the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) has promulgated Measures for Hierarchical Management of Ratification Risk of Certification Institution (hereinafter referred to a... Recently, the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) has promulgated Measures for Hierarchical Management of Ratification Risk of Certification Institution (hereinafter referred to as Measures), which was put into execution.……展开更多
The base of the ICS(International Commission on Stratigraphy)Geological Time Scale was ratified in 2022 by defining a new Global Stratigraphic Standard Age(GSSA)for the lower boundary of the Hadean Eon(formerly 4000–...The base of the ICS(International Commission on Stratigraphy)Geological Time Scale was ratified in 2022 by defining a new Global Stratigraphic Standard Age(GSSA)for the lower boundary of the Hadean Eon(formerly 4000–3600 Ma);the age of the Solar System based on the oldest solids,calcium-aluminium inclusions(CAIs),generated in the protoplanetary disk.The formal GSSA for the Hadean base is the oldest reliable,weighted mean Ucorrected Pb–Pb age of 4567.30±0.16 Ma obtained for CAIs in primitive meteorites Allende and Efremovka.This age is supported by the 4568–4567 Ma U-corrected Pb–Pb ages of chondrules in Northwest African meteorites.The boundary sets an upper lifetime for the protoplanetary disk and timing of planet formation.展开更多
China has signed the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resultingfrom Mediation 9 namely the Singapore Convention on Mediation,on August 7,2019,making it possible for China's domestic...China has signed the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resultingfrom Mediation 9 namely the Singapore Convention on Mediation,on August 7,2019,making it possible for China's domestic courts to resolve international commercial disputes by implementing settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation.Relying on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),numerous commercial mediation organizations have successively established and integrated mediation into the international commercial dispute resolution mechanism in making effort for the internationalization of China's commercial mediation system under the background of improving diversified dispute resolution mechanisms.Based on the status quo of commercial mediation in China,this article focuses on the connection and convergence between China's practice and the principle of the Convention,as well as discusses the rationality for its ratification.展开更多
Normally,the principal will authorise the agent to act on his/her behalf in advance of any exercise of the agent’s authority.However,where an agent acts without or beyond his/her authority,the principal may choose to...Normally,the principal will authorise the agent to act on his/her behalf in advance of any exercise of the agent’s authority.However,where an agent acts without or beyond his/her authority,the principal may choose to adopt the contract by ratification.This article is going to explore some basic concepts of ratification,such as the definition of ratification,the methods of ratification and the effects of ratification.展开更多
If a person(known as the agent) acts without authority,or exceeds his authority,his actions cannot normally bind the person(known as the principal) on whose behalf he purports to act.However,subsequently,ratification ...If a person(known as the agent) acts without authority,or exceeds his authority,his actions cannot normally bind the person(known as the principal) on whose behalf he purports to act.However,subsequently,ratification allows the principal to adopt and endorse the agent’s acts.A remarkable feature of ratification is that it is retroactive in effect thereby becoming operative from the moment of the agent’s contracting with the third party rather than the moment of the principal’s ratification.展开更多
文摘 Recently, the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) has promulgated Measures for Hierarchical Management of Ratification Risk of Certification Institution (hereinafter referred to as Measures), which was put into execution.……
文摘The base of the ICS(International Commission on Stratigraphy)Geological Time Scale was ratified in 2022 by defining a new Global Stratigraphic Standard Age(GSSA)for the lower boundary of the Hadean Eon(formerly 4000–3600 Ma);the age of the Solar System based on the oldest solids,calcium-aluminium inclusions(CAIs),generated in the protoplanetary disk.The formal GSSA for the Hadean base is the oldest reliable,weighted mean Ucorrected Pb–Pb age of 4567.30±0.16 Ma obtained for CAIs in primitive meteorites Allende and Efremovka.This age is supported by the 4568–4567 Ma U-corrected Pb–Pb ages of chondrules in Northwest African meteorites.The boundary sets an upper lifetime for the protoplanetary disk and timing of planet formation.
文摘China has signed the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resultingfrom Mediation 9 namely the Singapore Convention on Mediation,on August 7,2019,making it possible for China's domestic courts to resolve international commercial disputes by implementing settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation.Relying on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),numerous commercial mediation organizations have successively established and integrated mediation into the international commercial dispute resolution mechanism in making effort for the internationalization of China's commercial mediation system under the background of improving diversified dispute resolution mechanisms.Based on the status quo of commercial mediation in China,this article focuses on the connection and convergence between China's practice and the principle of the Convention,as well as discusses the rationality for its ratification.
文摘Normally,the principal will authorise the agent to act on his/her behalf in advance of any exercise of the agent’s authority.However,where an agent acts without or beyond his/her authority,the principal may choose to adopt the contract by ratification.This article is going to explore some basic concepts of ratification,such as the definition of ratification,the methods of ratification and the effects of ratification.
文摘If a person(known as the agent) acts without authority,or exceeds his authority,his actions cannot normally bind the person(known as the principal) on whose behalf he purports to act.However,subsequently,ratification allows the principal to adopt and endorse the agent’s acts.A remarkable feature of ratification is that it is retroactive in effect thereby becoming operative from the moment of the agent’s contracting with the third party rather than the moment of the principal’s ratification.
