In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin domain,assuming zero Dirichlet boundary condition on the top boundary,which is rapidly oscillating,and non-standard boundary c...In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin domain,assuming zero Dirichlet boundary condition on the top boundary,which is rapidly oscillating,and non-standard boundary conditions on the flat bottom.Assuming“Reynolds roughness regime”,in which the thickness of the domain is very small compared to the wavelength of the roughness(i.e.a very slight roughness),we rigorously derive a generalized Reynolds equation for pressure,clearly showing the roughness-induced effects.Moreover,we give expressions for the average velocity and microrotation.展开更多
Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparti...Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.展开更多
Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength.While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity,evaluating shear strength heterogen...Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength.While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity,evaluating shear strength heterogeneity remains challenging.To address this,this study first captures the morphology of large-scale(1000 mm × 1000 mm) slate and granite joints via 3D laser scanning.Analysis of these surfaces and corresponding push/pull tests on carved specimens revealed a potential correlation between the heterogeneity of roughness and shear strength.A comparative evaluation of five statistical metrics identified information entropy(Hs) as the most robust indicator for quantifying rock joint heterogeneity.Further analysis using Hsreveals that the heterogeneity is anisotropic and,critically,that shear strength heterogeneity is governed not only by roughness heterogeneity but is also significantly influenced by the mean roughness value,normal stress,and intact rock tensile strength.Consequently,a simple comparison of roughness Hsvalues is insufficient for reliably comparing shear strength heterogeneity.To overcome this limitation,a theoretical framework is developed to explicitly map fundamental roughness statistics(mean and heterogeneity) to shear strength heterogeneity.This framework culminates in a practical workflow that allows for the rapid,field-based assessment of shear strength heterogeneity using readily obtainable rock joint roughness data.展开更多
The rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)at the China spallation neutron source operates as a high-intensity proton accelerator.The coupled bunch instability was observed during RCS beam commissioning,which significantly lim...The rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)at the China spallation neutron source operates as a high-intensity proton accelerator.The coupled bunch instability was observed during RCS beam commissioning,which significantly limited the beam power.To investigate the dynamics of instability under an increased beam power,a pulsed octupole magnet with a gradient of 900 T/m^(3) was developed.The magnet system integrated an octupole magnet with a pulsed power supply.The field was carefully measured to examine the performance before its installation into the tunnel.After the installation of the magnets,beam measurements were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the instability mitigation on an actual proton beam.The measurement results show that the instability can be suppressed using the pulsed octupole magnet,particularly at the highenergy stage in an acceleration cycle,meeting the requirements for stable operation of the accelerator.Additionally,when the instability is completely suppressed through chromaticity optimization,octupole magnets can significantly enhance the RCS transmission efficiency,which is crucial for controlling beam loss.The pulsed octupole magnet offers significant progress in beam stability in the RCS,providing valuable experience for further beam power enhancement.展开更多
The evolution of the S'precipitate in Al−Cu−Mg alloy was investigated using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF−STEM),molecular dynam...The evolution of the S'precipitate in Al−Cu−Mg alloy was investigated using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF−STEM),molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,and other analytical techniques.The precipitation behavior during different aging stages of the supersaturated solid solution formed after rapid cold punching was focused,which induces rapid dissolution of precipitates.The findings reveal that the precipitation sequence is significantly influenced by aging temperature.At higher aging temperatures,which mitigate lattice distortion in the matrix,the precipitation sequence follows the conventional path.Conversely,at lower aging temperatures,where lattice distortion persists,the sequence deviates,suppressing the formation of Guinier−Preston−Bagaryatsky(GPB)zones.MD simulations confirm that the variations in solute atom diffusion rates at different aging temperatures lead to the differences in the S'phase precipitation sequence.展开更多
In general,the rapid growth of α-Fe clusters is a challenge in high Fe-content Fe-based amorphous alloys,negatively affecting their physical properties.Herein,we introduce an efficient and rapid post-treatment techni...In general,the rapid growth of α-Fe clusters is a challenge in high Fe-content Fe-based amorphous alloys,negatively affecting their physical properties.Herein,we introduce an efficient and rapid post-treatment technique known as ultrasonic vibration rapid processing(UVRP),which enables the formation of high-density strong magnetic α-Fe clusters,thereby enhancing the soft magnetic properties of Fe_(78)Si(13)B_(9) amorphous alloy ribbon.展开更多
Based on inspection data,the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects.These defects are classified into three types:surface defects,internal defects,an...Based on inspection data,the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects.These defects are classified into three types:surface defects,internal defects,and defects behind the structure.To address the need for rapid detection of different defect types,the current state of rapid detection technologies and equipment,both domestically and internationally,is systematically reviewed.The research reveals that surface defect detection technologies and equipment have developed rapidly in recent years.Notably,the integration of machine vision and laser scanning technologies have significantly improved detection efficiency and accuracy,achieving crack detection precision of up to 0.1 mm.However,the non-contact rapid detection of internal and behind-the-structure defects remains constrained by hardware limitations,with traditional detection remaining dominant.Nevertheless,phased array radar,ultrasonic,and acoustic vibration detection technologies have become research hotspots in recent years,offering promising directions for detecting these challenging defect types.Additionally,the application of multisensor fusion technology in rapid detection equipment has further enhanced detection capabilities.Devices such as cameras,3D laser scanners,infrared thermal imagers,and radar demonstrate significant advantages in rapid detection.Future research in tunnel inspection should prioritize breakthroughs in rapid detection technologies for internal and behind-the-structure defects.Efforts should also focus on developing multifunctional integrated detection vehicles that can simultaneously inspect both surface and internal structures.Furthermore,progress in fully automated,intelligent systems with precise defect identification and real-time reporting will be essential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel inspection.展开更多
Purpose–High-speed turnouts are more complex in structure and thus may cause abnormal vibration of highspeed train car body,affecting driving safety and passenger riding experience.Therefore,it is necessary to analyz...Purpose–High-speed turnouts are more complex in structure and thus may cause abnormal vibration of highspeed train car body,affecting driving safety and passenger riding experience.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the data characteristics of continuous hunting of high-speed trains passing through turnouts and propose a diagnostic method for engineering applications.Design/methodology/approach–First,Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)is performed to determine the first characteristic component of the car body’s lateral acceleration.Then,the Short-Time Fourier Transform(STFT)is performed to calculate the marginal spectra.Finally,the presence of a continuous hunting problem is determined based on the results of the comparison calculations and diagnostic thresholds.To improve computational efficiency,permutation entropy(PE)is used as a fast indicator to identify turnouts with potential problems.Findings–Under continuous hunting conditions,the PE is less than 0.90;the ratio of the maximum peak value of the signal component to the original signal peak value exceeded 0.7,and there is an energy band in the STFT time-frequency map,which corresponds to a frequency distribution range of 1–2 Hz.Originality/value–The research results have revealed the lateral vibration characteristics of the high-speed train’s car body during continuous hunting when passing through turnouts.On this basis,an effective diagnostic method has been proposed.With a focus on practical engineering applications,a rapid screening index for identifying potential issues has been proposed,significantly enhancing the efficiency of diagnostic processes.展开更多
Weathering steel exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and is widely used in bridges,towers,railways,highways,and other engineering projects that are exposed to the atmosphere for long periods of time.However,before...Weathering steel exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and is widely used in bridges,towers,railways,highways,and other engineering projects that are exposed to the atmosphere for long periods of time.However,before the formation of stable rust layers,weathering steel is prone to liquid rust sagging and spattering,leading to environmental pollution and city appearance concerns.These factors limit the application and development of weathering steel.In this study,a rapid and environmentally friendly method was de-veloped by introducing alloying elements,specifically investigating the role of Sn in the rapid stabilization of rust layers in marine atmo-spheric environments.The rust layer formed on weathering low-alloy steel exposed to prolonged outdoor conditions and laboratory im-mersion experiments was explored using electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA),micro-Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and electrochemical measurements.Results showed an optimal synergistic effect between Sn and Cr,which facilitated the accelerated densification of the rust layer.This beneficial effect enhanced the capability of the rust layer to resist Cl^(-)erosion and improved the protec-tion performance of the rust layer.展开更多
Rapid screening of inorganic arsenic(iAs)in groundwater used for drinking by hundreds of millions of mostly rural residents worldwide is crucial for health protection.Most commercial field test kits are based on the G...Rapid screening of inorganic arsenic(iAs)in groundwater used for drinking by hundreds of millions of mostly rural residents worldwide is crucial for health protection.Most commercial field test kits are based on the Gutzeit reaction that uses mercury-based reagents for color development,an environmental concern that increasingly limits its utilization.This study further improves the Molybdenum Blue(MB)colorimetric method to allow for faster screening with more stable reagents.More importantly,a portable three-channel colorimeter is developed for screening iAs relative to the WHO drinking water guideline value(10μg/L).Adding the reducing reagents in sequence not only prolongs the storage time to>7 days,but also accelerates the color development time to 6 min in conjunction with lowering the H_(2)SO_(4) concentration in chromogenic reagents.The optimal pH ranges from 1.2 to 1.3 and is achieved by acidifying groundwater to 1%(V/V)HCl.With detection limits of 3.7μg/L for inorganic arsenate(iAs(V))and 3.8μg/L for inorganic arsenite(iAs(Ⅲ)),testing groundwater with-10μg/L of As has a precision<20%.The method works well for a range of phosphate concentrations of 48-950μg/L(0.5-10μmol/L).Concentrations of total_iAs(6-300μg/L),iAs(V)(6-230μg/L)and iAs(Ⅲ)(0-170μg/L)for 14 groundwater samples from Yinchuan Plain,Pearl River Delta,and Jianghan Plain,are in excellent agreements(linear regression slope:0.969-1.029)with the benchmark methods.The improved chemistry here lays the foundation for the MB colorimetric method to become a commercially viable screening tool,with further engineering and design improvement of the colorimeter.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a major histological subtype of esophageal cancer.Many molecular genetic changes are associated with its occurrence.Raman spectroscopy has become a new method for the e...BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a major histological subtype of esophageal cancer.Many molecular genetic changes are associated with its occurrence.Raman spectroscopy has become a new method for the early diagnosis of tumors because it can reflect the structures of substances and their changes at the molecular level.AIM To detect alterations in Raman spectral information across different stages of esophageal neoplasia.METHODS Different grades of esophageal lesions were collected,and a total of 360 groups of Raman spectrum data were collected.A 1D-transformer network model was proposed to handle the task of classifying the spectral data of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.In addition,a deep learning model was applied to visualize the Raman spectral data and interpret their molecular characteristics.RESULTS A comparison among Raman spectral data with different pathological grades and a visual analysis revealed that the Raman peaks with significant differences were concentrated mainly at 1095 cm^(-1)(DNA,symmetric PO,and stretching vibration),1132 cm^(-1)(cytochrome c),1171 cm^(-1)(acetoacetate),1216 cm^(-1)(amide III),and 1315 cm^(-1)(glycerol).A comparison among the training results of different models revealed that the 1Dtransformer network performed best.A 93.30%accuracy value,a 96.65%specificity value,a 93.30%sensitivity value,and a 93.17%F1 score were achieved.CONCLUSION Raman spectroscopy revealed significantly different waveforms for the different stages of esophageal neoplasia.The combination of Raman spectroscopy and deep learning methods could significantly improve the accuracy of classification.展开更多
BACKGROUND Appendicitis is a common acute abdominal pain disorder.Laparoscopic appendectomy,a commonly used modality,is associated with less trauma and faster recovery than traditional open appendectomy.However,postop...BACKGROUND Appendicitis is a common acute abdominal pain disorder.Laparoscopic appendectomy,a commonly used modality,is associated with less trauma and faster recovery than traditional open appendectomy.However,postoperative recovery remains an important issue that affects rehabilitation quality and surgical results.AIM To explore the effects of rapid rehabilitation and surgical nursing care on gastrointestinal function recovery and sleep quality among patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy.METHODS A total of 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy at our hospital between January 2019 and March 2024 and for whom complete clinical data were available were selected.Patients were randomly assigned to two groups(n=60 each)using the random number table method.The control group received routine nursing care,while the experimental group received rapid rehabilitation surgical nursing care;all patients continued to receive nursing care until discharge.The recovery of gastrointestinal function,length of hospital stay,complications,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,and nursing satisfaction were compared between groups.RESULTS Following the implementation of effective nursing measures,the times to bowel sound recovery,first exhaust,first defecation,and first feeding were notably shorter in the study vs control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the duration of the first postoperative activity and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the study vs control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the study group exhibited better sleep quality than the control group(P<0.05).The postoperative complication rate was significantly lower and the nursing satisfaction rate significantly higher in the study vs control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Rapid rehabilitation surgical nursing interventions provided to patients after laparoscopic appendectomy can accelerate their postoperative recovery,reduce the occurrence of complications,and improve their sleep quality and nursing satisfaction.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the systemic immune⁃inflammation index(SII)in predicting patients with anti⁃melanoma differentiation⁃associated gene 5⁃positive(...Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the systemic immune⁃inflammation index(SII)in predicting patients with anti⁃melanoma differentiation⁃associated gene 5⁃positive(anti⁃MDA5+)dermatomyositis(DM)develop into the rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease(RPILD).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 124 anti⁃MDA5+DM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between March 2019 and September 2023.We identified independent risk factors associated with the development and mortality of RPILD with the Cox regression analysis,and determined the optimal cut⁃off values for predicting adverse outcomes with the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:Among the 124 patients,36 patients(29.03%)developed RPILD,and 39 patients(31.45%)died during the follow⁃up period.The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated NLR was an independent risk factor for RPILD development,while the elevated SII expression was independently associated with the increased mortality of RPILD.Based on the ROC curve analysis,NLR>6.12 was a predictor for RPILD,and SII>875.79 was associated with increased mortality risk of RPILD.Conclusion:Both NLR and SII are accessible,cost⁃effective,and reliable prognostic indicators for the prognosis of patients with anti⁃MDA5^(+)DM,providing a valuable guidance for clinical management and risk stratification of the disease.展开更多
Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals. While traditional histologic methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining can s...Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals. While traditional histologic methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining can sometimes identify fungal organisms, definitive diagnosis typically requires microbiological culture or molecular testing. Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH) is an emerging imaging technology that enables rapid, label-free tissue analysis, potentially improving intraoperative diagnostic workflows. Aim: This case report explores the utility of SRH for the real-time identification of pulmonary cryptococcosis, highlighting its potential to enhance tissue triage and expedite diagnosis. Case Presentation: We report a 44-year-old man with a history of smoking and alcohol use who presented with a right lower lung mass. An ION robotic-assisted bronchoscopy was performed, and SRH was used intraoperatively for real-time tissue evaluation. Within approximately 90 seconds, SRH provided morphologic findings indicative of Cryptococcus neoformans, prompting additional microbiological testing, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient required a six-week hospitalization with antifungal therapy. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potential of SRH as a rapid, intraoperative diagnostic tool for detecting fungal infections in pulmonary specimens. By enabling real-time morphological assessment, SRH can optimize biopsy specimen triage, reduce the need for repeat procedures, and improve patient management. Integrating SRH into diagnostic workflows may be particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings, where timely cryptococcosis diagnosis is critical.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the performance of two rapid chromogenic media for the detection of Bacillus cereus in milk powder,and verify the media's inclusivity,exclusivity,and accuracy,and to assess their applicabil...[Objectives]To evaluate the performance of two rapid chromogenic media for the detection of Bacillus cereus in milk powder,and verify the media's inclusivity,exclusivity,and accuracy,and to assess their applicability for the quantitative detection of B.cereus.[Methods]B.cereus in milk powder samples was quantified using two rapid chromogenic media in combination with the national standard method.Agreement between the quantitative results from the three methods was subsequently assessed for agreement via a paired t-test.[Results]No significant differences were observed between the bacterial counts yielded by the two rapid chromogenic media and the national standard method(P>0.05),with excellent agreement between them.[Conclusions]The method of rapid chromogenic culture medium is rapid and simple.展开更多
Rapid growth is an innovative trait of woody bamboos that has been widely studied.However,the genetic basis and evolution of this trait are poorly understood.Taking advantage of genomic resources of 11 representative ...Rapid growth is an innovative trait of woody bamboos that has been widely studied.However,the genetic basis and evolution of this trait are poorly understood.Taking advantage of genomic resources of 11 representative bamboos at different ploidal levels,we integrated morphological,physiological,and transcriptomic datasets to investigate rapid growth.In particular,these bamboos include two large-sized and a small-sized woody species,compared with a diploid herbaceous species.Our results showed that gibberellin A1 was important for the rapid shoot growth of the world's largest bamboo,Dendrocalamus sinicus,and indicated that two gibberellins(GAs)-related genes,KAO and SLRL1,were key to the rapid shoot growth and culm size in woody bamboos.The expression of GAs-related genes exhibited significant subgenome asymmetry with subgenomes A and C demonstrating expression dominance in the large-sized woody bamboos while the generally submissive subgenomes B and D dominating in the small-sized species.The subgenome asymmetry was found to be correlated with the subgenome-specific gene structure,particularly UTRs and core promoters.Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism and evolution of rapid shoot growth following allopolyploidization in woody bamboos,particularly via subgenome asymmetry.These findings are helpful for understanding of how polyploidization in general and subgenome asymmetry in particular contributed to the origin of innovative traits in plants.展开更多
The rapid growth of semiconductor,photovoltaic,and other emerging industries has led to a sharp increase in the demand for high-purity quartz in China,particularly 4N5-grade(99.995%pure SiO_(2)).However,heavy reliance...The rapid growth of semiconductor,photovoltaic,and other emerging industries has led to a sharp increase in the demand for high-purity quartz in China,particularly 4N5-grade(99.995%pure SiO_(2)).However,heavy reliance on imported high-purity quartz poses a significant risk to the security of key national strategic industries.To address this challenge,China is focusing on identifying domestic sources of high-purity quartz and developing efficient evaluation methods.This study investigates the inclusion content in three types of quartz:pegmatite,vein quartz,and white granite.A grading system based on the transmittance of quartz grains was established by analyz-ing the number of inclusions.Five quartz ore samples from different regions were purified,and the resulting concentrates were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The relationships among the inclusion content of raw quartz,impurity composition of purified quartz,and quality of sintered fused quartz products were examined.The findings demonstrate that quartz with fewer inclusions results in lower impurity levels after purification,higher SiO_(2)purity,and more translucent glass,as confirmed by firing tests.Herein,this study establishes a clear connection between quartz inclusions and the overall quality of high-purity quartz.The pro-posed approach enables the rapid assessment of quartz deposit quality by identifying inclusions,offering a practical and efficient method for locating high-quality quartz resources.展开更多
While steady improvements have been achieved for the track forecasts of typhoons,there has been a lack of improvement for intensity forecasts.One challenge for intensity forecasts is to capture the rapid intensificati...While steady improvements have been achieved for the track forecasts of typhoons,there has been a lack of improvement for intensity forecasts.One challenge for intensity forecasts is to capture the rapid intensification(RI),whose nonlinear characteristics impose great difficulties for numerical models.The ensemble sensitivity analysis(ESA)method is used here to analyze the initial conditions that contribute to typhoon intensity forecasts,especially with RI.Six RI processes from five typhoons(Chaba,Haima,Meranti,Sarika,and Songda)in 2016,are applied with ESA,which also gives a composite initial condition that favors subsequent RI.Results from individual cases have generally similar patterns of ESA,but with different magnitudes,when various cumulus parameterization schemes are applied.To draw the initial conditions with statistical significance,sample-mean azimuthal components of ESA are obtained.Results of the composite sensitivity show that typhoons that experience RI in 24 h favor enhanced primary circulation from low to high levels,intensified secondary circulation with increased radial inflow at lower levels and increased radial outflow at upper levels,a prominent warm core at around 300 hPa,and increased humidity at low levels.As the forecast lead time increases,the patterns of ESA are retained,while the sensitivity magnitudes decay.Given the general and quantitative composite sensitivity along with associated uncertainties for different cumulus parameterization schemes,appropriate sampling of the composite sensitivity in numerical models could be beneficial to capturing the RI and improving the forecasting of typhoon intensity.展开更多
文摘In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin domain,assuming zero Dirichlet boundary condition on the top boundary,which is rapidly oscillating,and non-standard boundary conditions on the flat bottom.Assuming“Reynolds roughness regime”,in which the thickness of the domain is very small compared to the wavelength of the roughness(i.e.a very slight roughness),we rigorously derive a generalized Reynolds equation for pressure,clearly showing the roughness-induced effects.Moreover,we give expressions for the average velocity and microrotation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205165)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Improvement Plan Project(No.225676111H).
文摘Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42422705,42207175,42177117 and 42577170)the Ningbo Youth Leading Talent Project (No.2024QL051)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Engineering Science and Technology Strategy Consulting Project (No.2025-XZ-57)the Central Government Funding Program for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development (No.2025ZY01028)。
文摘Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength.While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity,evaluating shear strength heterogeneity remains challenging.To address this,this study first captures the morphology of large-scale(1000 mm × 1000 mm) slate and granite joints via 3D laser scanning.Analysis of these surfaces and corresponding push/pull tests on carved specimens revealed a potential correlation between the heterogeneity of roughness and shear strength.A comparative evaluation of five statistical metrics identified information entropy(Hs) as the most robust indicator for quantifying rock joint heterogeneity.Further analysis using Hsreveals that the heterogeneity is anisotropic and,critically,that shear strength heterogeneity is governed not only by roughness heterogeneity but is also significantly influenced by the mean roughness value,normal stress,and intact rock tensile strength.Consequently,a simple comparison of roughness Hsvalues is insufficient for reliably comparing shear strength heterogeneity.To overcome this limitation,a theoretical framework is developed to explicitly map fundamental roughness statistics(mean and heterogeneity) to shear strength heterogeneity.This framework culminates in a practical workflow that allows for the rapid,field-based assessment of shear strength heterogeneity using readily obtainable rock joint roughness data.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2021B1515140007).
文摘The rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)at the China spallation neutron source operates as a high-intensity proton accelerator.The coupled bunch instability was observed during RCS beam commissioning,which significantly limited the beam power.To investigate the dynamics of instability under an increased beam power,a pulsed octupole magnet with a gradient of 900 T/m^(3) was developed.The magnet system integrated an octupole magnet with a pulsed power supply.The field was carefully measured to examine the performance before its installation into the tunnel.After the installation of the magnets,beam measurements were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the instability mitigation on an actual proton beam.The measurement results show that the instability can be suppressed using the pulsed octupole magnet,particularly at the highenergy stage in an acceleration cycle,meeting the requirements for stable operation of the accelerator.Additionally,when the instability is completely suppressed through chromaticity optimization,octupole magnets can significantly enhance the RCS transmission efficiency,which is crucial for controlling beam loss.The pulsed octupole magnet offers significant progress in beam stability in the RCS,providing valuable experience for further beam power enhancement.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) Local Cooperation Program (No. 202308430176)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52271177)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Regional Joint Fund, China (No. 2023JJ50173)。
文摘The evolution of the S'precipitate in Al−Cu−Mg alloy was investigated using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF−STEM),molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,and other analytical techniques.The precipitation behavior during different aging stages of the supersaturated solid solution formed after rapid cold punching was focused,which induces rapid dissolution of precipitates.The findings reveal that the precipitation sequence is significantly influenced by aging temperature.At higher aging temperatures,which mitigate lattice distortion in the matrix,the precipitation sequence follows the conventional path.Conversely,at lower aging temperatures,where lattice distortion persists,the sequence deviates,suppressing the formation of Guinier−Preston−Bagaryatsky(GPB)zones.MD simulations confirm that the variations in solute atom diffusion rates at different aging temperatures lead to the differences in the S'phase precipitation sequence.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Zhongshan City(No.2022AJ004)the Key Basic and Applied Research Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2019B030302010 and 2022B1515120082)Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.2021TX06C111).
文摘In general,the rapid growth of α-Fe clusters is a challenge in high Fe-content Fe-based amorphous alloys,negatively affecting their physical properties.Herein,we introduce an efficient and rapid post-treatment technique known as ultrasonic vibration rapid processing(UVRP),which enables the formation of high-density strong magnetic α-Fe clusters,thereby enhancing the soft magnetic properties of Fe_(78)Si(13)B_(9) amorphous alloy ribbon.
文摘Based on inspection data,the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects.These defects are classified into three types:surface defects,internal defects,and defects behind the structure.To address the need for rapid detection of different defect types,the current state of rapid detection technologies and equipment,both domestically and internationally,is systematically reviewed.The research reveals that surface defect detection technologies and equipment have developed rapidly in recent years.Notably,the integration of machine vision and laser scanning technologies have significantly improved detection efficiency and accuracy,achieving crack detection precision of up to 0.1 mm.However,the non-contact rapid detection of internal and behind-the-structure defects remains constrained by hardware limitations,with traditional detection remaining dominant.Nevertheless,phased array radar,ultrasonic,and acoustic vibration detection technologies have become research hotspots in recent years,offering promising directions for detecting these challenging defect types.Additionally,the application of multisensor fusion technology in rapid detection equipment has further enhanced detection capabilities.Devices such as cameras,3D laser scanners,infrared thermal imagers,and radar demonstrate significant advantages in rapid detection.Future research in tunnel inspection should prioritize breakthroughs in rapid detection technologies for internal and behind-the-structure defects.Efforts should also focus on developing multifunctional integrated detection vehicles that can simultaneously inspect both surface and internal structures.Furthermore,progress in fully automated,intelligent systems with precise defect identification and real-time reporting will be essential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel inspection.
基金support from the funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52308473)China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited(2022YJ192)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Purpose–High-speed turnouts are more complex in structure and thus may cause abnormal vibration of highspeed train car body,affecting driving safety and passenger riding experience.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the data characteristics of continuous hunting of high-speed trains passing through turnouts and propose a diagnostic method for engineering applications.Design/methodology/approach–First,Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)is performed to determine the first characteristic component of the car body’s lateral acceleration.Then,the Short-Time Fourier Transform(STFT)is performed to calculate the marginal spectra.Finally,the presence of a continuous hunting problem is determined based on the results of the comparison calculations and diagnostic thresholds.To improve computational efficiency,permutation entropy(PE)is used as a fast indicator to identify turnouts with potential problems.Findings–Under continuous hunting conditions,the PE is less than 0.90;the ratio of the maximum peak value of the signal component to the original signal peak value exceeded 0.7,and there is an energy band in the STFT time-frequency map,which corresponds to a frequency distribution range of 1–2 Hz.Originality/value–The research results have revealed the lateral vibration characteristics of the high-speed train’s car body during continuous hunting when passing through turnouts.On this basis,an effective diagnostic method has been proposed.With a focus on practical engineering applications,a rapid screening index for identifying potential issues has been proposed,significantly enhancing the efficiency of diagnostic processes.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171063).
文摘Weathering steel exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and is widely used in bridges,towers,railways,highways,and other engineering projects that are exposed to the atmosphere for long periods of time.However,before the formation of stable rust layers,weathering steel is prone to liquid rust sagging and spattering,leading to environmental pollution and city appearance concerns.These factors limit the application and development of weathering steel.In this study,a rapid and environmentally friendly method was de-veloped by introducing alloying elements,specifically investigating the role of Sn in the rapid stabilization of rust layers in marine atmo-spheric environments.The rust layer formed on weathering low-alloy steel exposed to prolonged outdoor conditions and laboratory im-mersion experiments was explored using electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA),micro-Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and electrochemical measurements.Results showed an optimal synergistic effect between Sn and Cr,which facilitated the accelerated densification of the rust layer.This beneficial effect enhanced the capability of the rust layer to resist Cl^(-)erosion and improved the protec-tion performance of the rust layer.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA0715900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41831279)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks(No.ZDSYS20220606100604008)the Guangdong Province Bureau of Education(No.2020KCXTD006)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(No.2023B1212060002).
文摘Rapid screening of inorganic arsenic(iAs)in groundwater used for drinking by hundreds of millions of mostly rural residents worldwide is crucial for health protection.Most commercial field test kits are based on the Gutzeit reaction that uses mercury-based reagents for color development,an environmental concern that increasingly limits its utilization.This study further improves the Molybdenum Blue(MB)colorimetric method to allow for faster screening with more stable reagents.More importantly,a portable three-channel colorimeter is developed for screening iAs relative to the WHO drinking water guideline value(10μg/L).Adding the reducing reagents in sequence not only prolongs the storage time to>7 days,but also accelerates the color development time to 6 min in conjunction with lowering the H_(2)SO_(4) concentration in chromogenic reagents.The optimal pH ranges from 1.2 to 1.3 and is achieved by acidifying groundwater to 1%(V/V)HCl.With detection limits of 3.7μg/L for inorganic arsenate(iAs(V))and 3.8μg/L for inorganic arsenite(iAs(Ⅲ)),testing groundwater with-10μg/L of As has a precision<20%.The method works well for a range of phosphate concentrations of 48-950μg/L(0.5-10μmol/L).Concentrations of total_iAs(6-300μg/L),iAs(V)(6-230μg/L)and iAs(Ⅲ)(0-170μg/L)for 14 groundwater samples from Yinchuan Plain,Pearl River Delta,and Jianghan Plain,are in excellent agreements(linear regression slope:0.969-1.029)with the benchmark methods.The improved chemistry here lays the foundation for the MB colorimetric method to become a commercially viable screening tool,with further engineering and design improvement of the colorimeter.
基金Supported by Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme,No.QML20200505.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a major histological subtype of esophageal cancer.Many molecular genetic changes are associated with its occurrence.Raman spectroscopy has become a new method for the early diagnosis of tumors because it can reflect the structures of substances and their changes at the molecular level.AIM To detect alterations in Raman spectral information across different stages of esophageal neoplasia.METHODS Different grades of esophageal lesions were collected,and a total of 360 groups of Raman spectrum data were collected.A 1D-transformer network model was proposed to handle the task of classifying the spectral data of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.In addition,a deep learning model was applied to visualize the Raman spectral data and interpret their molecular characteristics.RESULTS A comparison among Raman spectral data with different pathological grades and a visual analysis revealed that the Raman peaks with significant differences were concentrated mainly at 1095 cm^(-1)(DNA,symmetric PO,and stretching vibration),1132 cm^(-1)(cytochrome c),1171 cm^(-1)(acetoacetate),1216 cm^(-1)(amide III),and 1315 cm^(-1)(glycerol).A comparison among the training results of different models revealed that the 1Dtransformer network performed best.A 93.30%accuracy value,a 96.65%specificity value,a 93.30%sensitivity value,and a 93.17%F1 score were achieved.CONCLUSION Raman spectroscopy revealed significantly different waveforms for the different stages of esophageal neoplasia.The combination of Raman spectroscopy and deep learning methods could significantly improve the accuracy of classification.
文摘BACKGROUND Appendicitis is a common acute abdominal pain disorder.Laparoscopic appendectomy,a commonly used modality,is associated with less trauma and faster recovery than traditional open appendectomy.However,postoperative recovery remains an important issue that affects rehabilitation quality and surgical results.AIM To explore the effects of rapid rehabilitation and surgical nursing care on gastrointestinal function recovery and sleep quality among patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy.METHODS A total of 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy at our hospital between January 2019 and March 2024 and for whom complete clinical data were available were selected.Patients were randomly assigned to two groups(n=60 each)using the random number table method.The control group received routine nursing care,while the experimental group received rapid rehabilitation surgical nursing care;all patients continued to receive nursing care until discharge.The recovery of gastrointestinal function,length of hospital stay,complications,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,and nursing satisfaction were compared between groups.RESULTS Following the implementation of effective nursing measures,the times to bowel sound recovery,first exhaust,first defecation,and first feeding were notably shorter in the study vs control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the duration of the first postoperative activity and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the study vs control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the study group exhibited better sleep quality than the control group(P<0.05).The postoperative complication rate was significantly lower and the nursing satisfaction rate significantly higher in the study vs control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Rapid rehabilitation surgical nursing interventions provided to patients after laparoscopic appendectomy can accelerate their postoperative recovery,reduce the occurrence of complications,and improve their sleep quality and nursing satisfaction.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the systemic immune⁃inflammation index(SII)in predicting patients with anti⁃melanoma differentiation⁃associated gene 5⁃positive(anti⁃MDA5+)dermatomyositis(DM)develop into the rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease(RPILD).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 124 anti⁃MDA5+DM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between March 2019 and September 2023.We identified independent risk factors associated with the development and mortality of RPILD with the Cox regression analysis,and determined the optimal cut⁃off values for predicting adverse outcomes with the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:Among the 124 patients,36 patients(29.03%)developed RPILD,and 39 patients(31.45%)died during the follow⁃up period.The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated NLR was an independent risk factor for RPILD development,while the elevated SII expression was independently associated with the increased mortality of RPILD.Based on the ROC curve analysis,NLR>6.12 was a predictor for RPILD,and SII>875.79 was associated with increased mortality risk of RPILD.Conclusion:Both NLR and SII are accessible,cost⁃effective,and reliable prognostic indicators for the prognosis of patients with anti⁃MDA5^(+)DM,providing a valuable guidance for clinical management and risk stratification of the disease.
文摘Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals. While traditional histologic methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining can sometimes identify fungal organisms, definitive diagnosis typically requires microbiological culture or molecular testing. Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH) is an emerging imaging technology that enables rapid, label-free tissue analysis, potentially improving intraoperative diagnostic workflows. Aim: This case report explores the utility of SRH for the real-time identification of pulmonary cryptococcosis, highlighting its potential to enhance tissue triage and expedite diagnosis. Case Presentation: We report a 44-year-old man with a history of smoking and alcohol use who presented with a right lower lung mass. An ION robotic-assisted bronchoscopy was performed, and SRH was used intraoperatively for real-time tissue evaluation. Within approximately 90 seconds, SRH provided morphologic findings indicative of Cryptococcus neoformans, prompting additional microbiological testing, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient required a six-week hospitalization with antifungal therapy. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potential of SRH as a rapid, intraoperative diagnostic tool for detecting fungal infections in pulmonary specimens. By enabling real-time morphological assessment, SRH can optimize biopsy specimen triage, reduce the need for repeat procedures, and improve patient management. Integrating SRH into diagnostic workflows may be particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings, where timely cryptococcosis diagnosis is critical.
基金Supported by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's Key Research and Achievement Transformation Plan(2025YFSH0029).
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the performance of two rapid chromogenic media for the detection of Bacillus cereus in milk powder,and verify the media's inclusivity,exclusivity,and accuracy,and to assess their applicability for the quantitative detection of B.cereus.[Methods]B.cereus in milk powder samples was quantified using two rapid chromogenic media in combination with the national standard method.Agreement between the quantitative results from the three methods was subsequently assessed for agreement via a paired t-test.[Results]No significant differences were observed between the bacterial counts yielded by the two rapid chromogenic media and the national standard method(P>0.05),with excellent agreement between them.[Conclusions]The method of rapid chromogenic culture medium is rapid and simple.
基金supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (202401AS070082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 32120103003 and 31970355)
文摘Rapid growth is an innovative trait of woody bamboos that has been widely studied.However,the genetic basis and evolution of this trait are poorly understood.Taking advantage of genomic resources of 11 representative bamboos at different ploidal levels,we integrated morphological,physiological,and transcriptomic datasets to investigate rapid growth.In particular,these bamboos include two large-sized and a small-sized woody species,compared with a diploid herbaceous species.Our results showed that gibberellin A1 was important for the rapid shoot growth of the world's largest bamboo,Dendrocalamus sinicus,and indicated that two gibberellins(GAs)-related genes,KAO and SLRL1,were key to the rapid shoot growth and culm size in woody bamboos.The expression of GAs-related genes exhibited significant subgenome asymmetry with subgenomes A and C demonstrating expression dominance in the large-sized woody bamboos while the generally submissive subgenomes B and D dominating in the small-sized species.The subgenome asymmetry was found to be correlated with the subgenome-specific gene structure,particularly UTRs and core promoters.Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism and evolution of rapid shoot growth following allopolyploidization in woody bamboos,particularly via subgenome asymmetry.These findings are helpful for understanding of how polyploidization in general and subgenome asymmetry in particular contributed to the origin of innovative traits in plants.
基金financially supported by the Consulting Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,China(Nos.2024-XBZD-10 and 2024-XZ-20).
文摘The rapid growth of semiconductor,photovoltaic,and other emerging industries has led to a sharp increase in the demand for high-purity quartz in China,particularly 4N5-grade(99.995%pure SiO_(2)).However,heavy reliance on imported high-purity quartz poses a significant risk to the security of key national strategic industries.To address this challenge,China is focusing on identifying domestic sources of high-purity quartz and developing efficient evaluation methods.This study investigates the inclusion content in three types of quartz:pegmatite,vein quartz,and white granite.A grading system based on the transmittance of quartz grains was established by analyz-ing the number of inclusions.Five quartz ore samples from different regions were purified,and the resulting concentrates were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The relationships among the inclusion content of raw quartz,impurity composition of purified quartz,and quality of sintered fused quartz products were examined.The findings demonstrate that quartz with fewer inclusions results in lower impurity levels after purification,higher SiO_(2)purity,and more translucent glass,as confirmed by firing tests.Herein,this study establishes a clear connection between quartz inclusions and the overall quality of high-purity quartz.The pro-posed approach enables the rapid assessment of quartz deposit quality by identifying inclusions,offering a practical and efficient method for locating high-quality quartz resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42192553 and 41922036]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities–Cemac“GeoX”Interdisciplinary Program[grant number 020714380207]。
文摘While steady improvements have been achieved for the track forecasts of typhoons,there has been a lack of improvement for intensity forecasts.One challenge for intensity forecasts is to capture the rapid intensification(RI),whose nonlinear characteristics impose great difficulties for numerical models.The ensemble sensitivity analysis(ESA)method is used here to analyze the initial conditions that contribute to typhoon intensity forecasts,especially with RI.Six RI processes from five typhoons(Chaba,Haima,Meranti,Sarika,and Songda)in 2016,are applied with ESA,which also gives a composite initial condition that favors subsequent RI.Results from individual cases have generally similar patterns of ESA,but with different magnitudes,when various cumulus parameterization schemes are applied.To draw the initial conditions with statistical significance,sample-mean azimuthal components of ESA are obtained.Results of the composite sensitivity show that typhoons that experience RI in 24 h favor enhanced primary circulation from low to high levels,intensified secondary circulation with increased radial inflow at lower levels and increased radial outflow at upper levels,a prominent warm core at around 300 hPa,and increased humidity at low levels.As the forecast lead time increases,the patterns of ESA are retained,while the sensitivity magnitudes decay.Given the general and quantitative composite sensitivity along with associated uncertainties for different cumulus parameterization schemes,appropriate sampling of the composite sensitivity in numerical models could be beneficial to capturing the RI and improving the forecasting of typhoon intensity.
