In recent years, the increasing demand of various fields of radiation detection materials has led to intensive researches in scintillation materials 1-2]. The scintillators can absorb high-energy X-ray photons and the...In recent years, the increasing demand of various fields of radiation detection materials has led to intensive researches in scintillation materials 1-2]. The scintillators can absorb high-energy X-ray photons and then convert them into low-energy visible photons, which are widely applied in radiation monitoring, security detection, X-ray astronomy and medical radiology 3"l].展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials have numerous applications in energy conversion and luminescent imaging.However,they are typically achieved as metal-organic complexes or pure organic molecules....Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials have numerous applications in energy conversion and luminescent imaging.However,they are typically achieved as metal-organic complexes or pure organic molecules.Herein,we report the largest Au-Ag-oxo nanoclusters to date,Au_(18)Ag_(26)(R1COO)_(12)(R_(2)C≡C)_(24)(μ_(4)-O)_(2)(μ_(3)-O)_(2)(Au_(18_Ag_(26),where R_(1)=CH_(3-),Ph-,CHOPh-or CF3Ph-;R_(2)=Phor FPh-).These nanoclusters exhibit exceptional TADF properties,including a small S1-T1 energy gap of 55.5 meV,a high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 86.7%,and a microseconds TADF decay time of 1.6μs at ambient temperature.Meanwhile,Au18Ag26 shows outstanding stability against oxygen quenching and ambient conditions.Atomic level analysis reveals the strongπ⋯πand C-H⋯πinteractions from the aromatic alkynyl ligands and the enhancement of metal-oxygen-metal interactions by centrally coordinated O^(2−).Modeling of the electronic structure shows spatially separated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,which promote charge transfer from the ligand shell,predominantly carboxylate ligands,to O^(2−)-embedded metal core.Furthermore,TADF Au-Ag-oxo nanoclusters exhibit promising radioluminescence properties,which we demonstrate for X-ray imaging.Our work paves the way for the design of TADF materials based on large metal nanoclusters for light-emission and radioluminescence applications.展开更多
The relentless pursuit of advanced X-ray detection technologies has been significantly bolstered by the emergence of metal halides perovskites(MHPs)and their derivatives,which possess remarkable light yield and X-ray ...The relentless pursuit of advanced X-ray detection technologies has been significantly bolstered by the emergence of metal halides perovskites(MHPs)and their derivatives,which possess remarkable light yield and X-ray sensitivity.This comprehensive review delves into cutting-edge approaches for optimizing MHP scintillators performances by enhancing intrinsic physical properties and employing engineering radioluminescent(RL)light strategies,underscoring their potential for developing materials with superior high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging capabilities.We initially explore into recent research focused on strategies to effectively engineer the intrinsic physical properties of MHP scintillators,including light yield and response times.Additionally,we explore innovative engineering strategies involving stacked structures,waveguide effects,chiral circularly polarized luminescence,increased transparency,and the fabrication of flexile MHP scintillators,all of which effectively manage the RL light to achieve high-resolution and high-contrast X-ray imaging.Finally,we provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation MHP scintillators,highlighting their transformative potential in high-performance X-ray detection systems.展开更多
Nanosized cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet （LuAG：Ce） phosphors were prepared by nitrate-citrate solgel combustion process using 1：1 ratio of the citrate：nitrate. The prepared LuAG：Ce phosphors were characte...Nanosized cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet （LuAG：Ce） phosphors were prepared by nitrate-citrate solgel combustion process using 1：1 ratio of the citrate：nitrate. The prepared LuAG：Ce phosphors were characterized by XRD, TEM, photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectra excited by UV and X-ray, respectively. The purified crystalline phase of LuAG：Ce was obtained at 900 ℃ by directly crystallizing from amorphous materials. The resultant Lu- AG：Ce phosphors were uniform and had good dispersivity with an average particle size of about 30 urn. Both photoluminescence and radioluminescence were well-known Ce^3＋ emissions located in the range of 470 -600 nm consisting of two emission bands because of the transition from the lowest 5d excited state （2D） to the 4f ground state of Ce^3＋, which matched well with the sensitivity curve of the Si-photodiode. There was a little red shift for the emission components from the UV-excited emission spectrum to the X-ray-excited emission spectrum. The fast scintillation decay component of 26 ns satisfies the requirements of fast scintillators.展开更多
Background Optical fiber radioluminescence measurement(OFRLM)is a cutting-edge technique poised to play a major role in radiation detection and dosimetry.Time-resolved measurement involves capturing the temporal dynam...Background Optical fiber radioluminescence measurement(OFRLM)is a cutting-edge technique poised to play a major role in radiation detection and dosimetry.Time-resolved measurement involves capturing the temporal dynamics of light emission from scintillators,providing detailed information about radiation pulses.Objective This review aims to evaluate various scintillator materials used in time-resolved OFRLM systems and their critical importance in capturing ionizing radiation pulses.Content The article discusses the properties of scintillator materials,including organic,inorganic,and composite compositions,and highlights their unique properties and suitability for time-resolved measurements with OFRLM systems.Performance characteristics,advantages,and limitations of different scintillator materials are thoroughly reviewed.Conclusion This review provides insights into the optimal selection of scintillator materials for time-resolved OFRLM systems,offering criteria for improving their performance and facilitating advancements in radiation detection and dosimetry.展开更多
Near-infrared(NIR)organic scintillating materials are in high demand in a variety of fields,such as radiography,X-ray radiation therapy,and medical diagnosis.However,efficient organic NIR materials with high X-ray abs...Near-infrared(NIR)organic scintillating materials are in high demand in a variety of fields,such as radiography,X-ray radiation therapy,and medical diagnosis.However,efficient organic NIR materials with high X-ray absorption are rarely reported.Here,we developed NIR organic X-ray imaging scintillators based on a typical organic radical with emission from a spin doublet excited state.The energy transfer strategy from thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)sensitizers to the radical emitter was exploited to enhance X-ray absorption capability.The optimized scintillators with an Au(III)-TADF complex as the sensitizer exhibited intense NIR radioluminescence peaking at 746 nm upon X-ray excitation.High-quality X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 15.3 lp mm^(-1) was demonstrated,suggesting great potential for real applications.This work provides an effective strategy for the development of NIR organic scintillators.展开更多
Copper(Ⅰ)nanoclusters(NCs),compared to other commercial scintillators,exhibit ease of synthesis and cost-effectiveness,demonstrating significant potential for application as X-ray scintillators.However,synthesizing a...Copper(Ⅰ)nanoclusters(NCs),compared to other commercial scintillators,exhibit ease of synthesis and cost-effectiveness,demonstrating significant potential for application as X-ray scintillators.However,synthesizing atomically precise alkynyl copper(Ⅰ)NCs with high luminescence is still challenging.Here,eight propeller-shaped Cu_(9) NCs were successfully synthesized.Each features a unique triangular prismatic Cu_(6) core,which exhibits significant structural differences compared to other copper(Ⅰ)halide NCs.By modifying triphenylphosphine derivatives and halogens,the Cu_(9) NCs exhibited their highest photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 43%for 2-CF_(3).Comprehensive structural elucidation alongside photophysical and computational analyses have unveiled the mechanisms underlying the thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)performance of these Cu_(9) NCs.A white light-emitting diode(LED)fabricated using 2-CF_(3)powder demonstrates a color rendering index(Ra)of 73.5.Notably,the radioluminescence(RL)of 2-CF_(3)was found to demonstrate a scintillating light yield of 4,924 photons/Me V and a low detection limit of 1.239μGy/s.Furthermore,the X-ray imaging resolution of 25.4 line pairs/mm was reported for the 2-CF_(3)screen,representing the top resolution achieved so far for organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators.This investigation not only represents the first observation of TADF and RL behaviors in alkynyl copper(Ⅰ)NCs but also provides new insights into advancing scintillator design.展开更多
Radio-photovoltaic cells(RPVCs)are able to offer high reliability and extended operational lifetimes,making them ideal for harsh-environment applications.However,the two-stage energy conversion process inherently limi...Radio-photovoltaic cells(RPVCs)are able to offer high reliability and extended operational lifetimes,making them ideal for harsh-environment applications.However,the two-stage energy conversion process inherently limits energy conversion efficiency(ECE).This study presents a novel RPVC design based on a waveguide light concentration(WLC)scheme,employing multilayer-stacked GAGG:Ce scintillation waveguides alternately loaded with^(90)Sr radioisotope sources.Electron beam irradiation tests revealed highly efficient radioluminescence(RL)emission from the edge surfaces of GAGG:Ce waveguide at electron energies exceeding 60 keV.A RPVC prototype incorporating 1.43 Ci of^(90)Sr achieved a maximum output power(Pmax)of 48.9μW,with an unprecedented ECE of 2.96%—the highest reported value for radioisotope-powered RPVCs to date.Furthermore,a multi-module integrated RPVC prototype demonstrated a Pmax of 3.17 mW,with a short circuit current of 2.23 mA and an open circuit voltage of 2.14 V.Remarkably,the device exhibited only 13.8%RL performance degradation after a 50-year equivalent electron beam irradiation(total fluence:5.625×10^(18)e/cm^(2)),confirming exceptional radiation hardness.These findings demonstrate that the WLC-based RPVCs achieve both high power output and exceptional long-term stability,representing a substantial advancement for facilitating nuclear battery applications.展开更多
Organic scintillators have recently gained considerable attentions in X-ray detection for their potential applications in biomedical radiograph and security inspection.However,the weak X-ray absorption and/or ineffici...Organic scintillators have recently gained considerable attentions in X-ray detection for their potential applications in biomedical radiograph and security inspection.However,the weak X-ray absorption and/or inefficient exciton utilization have limited the development and commercialization of organic scintillators.Currently,high-performance X-ray organic scintillators are scarce and organic scintillators with dual triplet-harvesting channels have not been explored before.Here,we develop several proof-of-concept sulfone-based organic molecules,C1–C7,using different alkoxy chains to manipulate molecular packing mode.These materials exhibit dual triplet-harvesting channels of thermally activated delayedfluorescence(TADF)and room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)in aggregated state.Inspiringly,these molecules display distinct radioluminescence under the X-ray stimulation.Among them,C6 behaves the highest light yield of 16,558 photons MeV-1.Moreover,clear X-ray images are demonstrated in both aggregated state and single-molecule level.High spatial resolutions of 15.0 and 10.6 line pairs per millimeter(lp mm-1)are achieved for rigid andflexible scintillator screens,exceeding most reported organic and conventional inorganic scintillators.These results highlight the great potential of organic molecules with TADF and RTP nature for efficient X-ray scintillation and imaging.展开更多
Measuring chemical concentrations at the surface of implanted medical devices is important for elucidating the local biochemical environment,especially during implant infection.Although chemical indicator dyes enable ...Measuring chemical concentrations at the surface of implanted medical devices is important for elucidating the local biochemical environment,especially during implant infection.Although chemical indicator dyes enable chemical measurements in vitro,they are usually ineffective when measuring through tissue because the background obscures the dye signal and scattering dramatically reduces the spatial resolution.X-ray excited luminescent chemical imaging(XELCI)is a recent imaging modality which overcomes these limitations using a focused X-ray beam to excite a small spot of red light on scintillator-coated medical implants with well-defined location(because X-rays are minimally scattered)and low background.A spectrochemical indicator film placed over the scintillator layer,e.g.,a polymer film containing pH-indicator dyes,absorbs some of the luminescence according to the local chemical environment,and this absorption is then detected by measuring the light intensity/spectrum passing through the tissue.A focused X-ray beam is used to scan point-by-point with a spatial resolution mainly limited by the X-ray beam width with minimum increase from X-ray absorption and scattering in the tissue.X-ray resolution,implant surface specificity,and chemical sensitivity are the three key features of XELCI.Here,we study spatial resolution using optically absorptive targets.For imaging a series of lines,the 20-80%knife-edge resolution was∼285(±15)μm with no tissue and 475±18 and 520±34μm,respectively,through 5 and 10 mm thick tissue.Thus,doubling the tissue depth did not appreciably change the spatial resolution recorded through the tissue.This shows the promise of XELCI for submillimeter chemical imaging through tissue.展开更多
Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields.Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection ...Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields.Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection and radiography,due to their diversified design,low cost,and facile preparation.However,recent progress in efficient radioluminescence has mainly focused on small molecules,which are inevitably associated with processability and repeatability issues.Here,a concise strategy is proposed to prepare radioluminescent polymers that exhibit multiple emission colors from blue to yellow with high brightness in an amorphous state by the radical copolymerization of negatively charged polyacrylic acid and different positively charged quaternary phosphonium salts.One of the obtained polymers exhibits excellent photostability under a high X-ray irradiation dosage of 27.35 Gy and has a detection limit of 149 nGy s^(−1).This performance is superior to that of conventional anthracene-based scintillators.Furthermore,by simply drop-casting a polymer methanol solution on a quartz plate,a transparent scintillator screen was successfully fabricated for X-ray imaging with a resolution of 8.7 line pairs mm^(−1).The pure organic phosphorescent polymers with a highly efficient radioluminescence were demonstrated for the first time,and the strategy reported herein offers a promising pathway to expand the application range of amorphous organic scintillators.展开更多
This review article highlights the exploration of inorganic nanoscintillators for various scientific and technological applications in the fields of radiation detection,bioimaging,and medical theranostics.Various aspe...This review article highlights the exploration of inorganic nanoscintillators for various scientific and technological applications in the fields of radiation detection,bioimaging,and medical theranostics.Various aspects of nanoscintillators pertaining to their fundamental principles,mechanism,structure,applications are briefly discussed.The mechanisms of inorganic nanoscintillators are explained based on the fundamental principles,instrumentation involved,and associated physical and chemical phenomena,etc.Subsequently,the promise of nanoscintillators over the existing single-crystal scintillators and other types of scintillators is presented,enabling their development for multifunctional applications.The processes governing the scintillation mechanisms in nanodomains,such as surface,structure,quantum,and dielectric confinement,are explained to reveal the underlying nanoscale scintillation phenomena.Additionally,suitable examples are provided to explain these processes based on the published data.Furthermore,we attempt to explain the different types of inorganic nanoscintillators in terms of the powder nanoparticles,thin films,nanoceramics,and glasses to ensure that the effect of nanoscience in different nanoscintillator domains can be appreciated.The limitations of nanoscintillators arc also highlighted in this review article.The advantages of nanostructured scintillators,including their property-driven applications,are also explained.This review article presents the considerable application potential of nanostructured scintillators with respect to important aspects as well as their physical and application significance in a concise manner.展开更多
Large-size scintillators with high efficiency and ultrafast radiation fluorescence have shown more potential in the applications to ionizing radiation detection of medical diagnosis,nuclear control and high-energy phy...Large-size scintillators with high efficiency and ultrafast radiation fluorescence have shown more potential in the applications to ionizing radiation detection of medical diagnosis,nuclear control and high-energy physics.Currently,although traditional scintillators have made tremendous progress in scintillation efficiency,there are still challenges left in fluorescence lifetime.Faced with that problem,we adopted 2-inch ZnO as the substrate and doped gallium as activator to realize an ultrafast fluorescence excited byα-ray,of which the decay time is only 600 ps that is the shortest scintilla-tion decay time reported so far.The results show that the shallow donor related with gallium not only effectively suppresses band-edge self-absorption,but makes ultrafast radiation possible,which gets gallium-doped ZnO as a potential scintillator for high-quality ultrafast dynamic imaging proved.展开更多
Organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence have attracted great attention while the underlying mechanisms is still not well understood.Here,we employed a series of ancient inorganic complexes platinocyanides with aggr...Organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence have attracted great attention while the underlying mechanisms is still not well understood.Here,we employed a series of ancient inorganic complexes platinocyanides with aggregation-induced emission property to elucidate the mechanism of clusteroluminescence including how does the chromophore form and how does the solid structures influence the luminescence behaviors.The results indicate that the isolated platinocyanide cannot work as a chromophore to emit visible light,while their clusterization at aggregate state can trigger the d-orbitals coupling of the platinum atoms to facilitate the electron exchange and delocalization to form a new chromophore to emit visible light.Furthermore,the counter ions and H2O ligands help to rigidify the three-dimensional network structure of the platinocyanides to suppress the excited state nonradiative decay,resulting in the high quantum yield of up to 96%.This work fundamentally helps understanding both the organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence phenomenon.展开更多
文摘In recent years, the increasing demand of various fields of radiation detection materials has led to intensive researches in scintillation materials 1-2]. The scintillators can absorb high-energy X-ray photons and then convert them into low-energy visible photons, which are widely applied in radiation monitoring, security detection, X-ray astronomy and medical radiology 3"l].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:92261207,21890752NSFC Center for Single-Atom Catalysis,Grant/Award Number:22388102+2 种基金New Cornerstone Science FoundationKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyAcademy of Finland,Grant/Award Numbers:292352,319208。
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials have numerous applications in energy conversion and luminescent imaging.However,they are typically achieved as metal-organic complexes or pure organic molecules.Herein,we report the largest Au-Ag-oxo nanoclusters to date,Au_(18)Ag_(26)(R1COO)_(12)(R_(2)C≡C)_(24)(μ_(4)-O)_(2)(μ_(3)-O)_(2)(Au_(18_Ag_(26),where R_(1)=CH_(3-),Ph-,CHOPh-or CF3Ph-;R_(2)=Phor FPh-).These nanoclusters exhibit exceptional TADF properties,including a small S1-T1 energy gap of 55.5 meV,a high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 86.7%,and a microseconds TADF decay time of 1.6μs at ambient temperature.Meanwhile,Au18Ag26 shows outstanding stability against oxygen quenching and ambient conditions.Atomic level analysis reveals the strongπ⋯πand C-H⋯πinteractions from the aromatic alkynyl ligands and the enhancement of metal-oxygen-metal interactions by centrally coordinated O^(2−).Modeling of the electronic structure shows spatially separated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,which promote charge transfer from the ligand shell,predominantly carboxylate ligands,to O^(2−)-embedded metal core.Furthermore,TADF Au-Ag-oxo nanoclusters exhibit promising radioluminescence properties,which we demonstrate for X-ray imaging.Our work paves the way for the design of TADF materials based on large metal nanoclusters for light-emission and radioluminescence applications.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U2241236,1220041913,52473253)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZDZX0007)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Open Subject Grant Program of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Laboratory of Shandong Province(AMGM2024F15)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202402AB080011).
文摘The relentless pursuit of advanced X-ray detection technologies has been significantly bolstered by the emergence of metal halides perovskites(MHPs)and their derivatives,which possess remarkable light yield and X-ray sensitivity.This comprehensive review delves into cutting-edge approaches for optimizing MHP scintillators performances by enhancing intrinsic physical properties and employing engineering radioluminescent(RL)light strategies,underscoring their potential for developing materials with superior high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging capabilities.We initially explore into recent research focused on strategies to effectively engineer the intrinsic physical properties of MHP scintillators,including light yield and response times.Additionally,we explore innovative engineering strategies involving stacked structures,waveguide effects,chiral circularly polarized luminescence,increased transparency,and the fabrication of flexile MHP scintillators,all of which effectively manage the RL light to achieve high-resolution and high-contrast X-ray imaging.Finally,we provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation MHP scintillators,highlighting their transformative potential in high-performance X-ray detection systems.
基金Project supported by the National Defence Fundamental Research Project of China
文摘Nanosized cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet （LuAG：Ce） phosphors were prepared by nitrate-citrate solgel combustion process using 1：1 ratio of the citrate：nitrate. The prepared LuAG：Ce phosphors were characterized by XRD, TEM, photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectra excited by UV and X-ray, respectively. The purified crystalline phase of LuAG：Ce was obtained at 900 ℃ by directly crystallizing from amorphous materials. The resultant Lu- AG：Ce phosphors were uniform and had good dispersivity with an average particle size of about 30 urn. Both photoluminescence and radioluminescence were well-known Ce^3＋ emissions located in the range of 470 -600 nm consisting of two emission bands because of the transition from the lowest 5d excited state （2D） to the 4f ground state of Ce^3＋, which matched well with the sensitivity curve of the Si-photodiode. There was a little red shift for the emission components from the UV-excited emission spectrum to the X-ray-excited emission spectrum. The fast scintillation decay component of 26 ns satisfies the requirements of fast scintillators.
基金TM R&D(grant number RDTC/241145)for their support of this research.
文摘Background Optical fiber radioluminescence measurement(OFRLM)is a cutting-edge technique poised to play a major role in radiation detection and dosimetry.Time-resolved measurement involves capturing the temporal dynamics of light emission from scintillators,providing detailed information about radiation pulses.Objective This review aims to evaluate various scintillator materials used in time-resolved OFRLM systems and their critical importance in capturing ionizing radiation pulses.Content The article discusses the properties of scintillator materials,including organic,inorganic,and composite compositions,and highlights their unique properties and suitability for time-resolved measurements with OFRLM systems.Performance characteristics,advantages,and limitations of different scintillator materials are thoroughly reviewed.Conclusion This review provides insights into the optimal selection of scintillator materials for time-resolved OFRLM systems,offering criteria for improving their performance and facilitating advancements in radiation detection and dosimetry.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52022071)。
文摘Near-infrared(NIR)organic scintillating materials are in high demand in a variety of fields,such as radiography,X-ray radiation therapy,and medical diagnosis.However,efficient organic NIR materials with high X-ray absorption are rarely reported.Here,we developed NIR organic X-ray imaging scintillators based on a typical organic radical with emission from a spin doublet excited state.The energy transfer strategy from thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)sensitizers to the radical emitter was exploited to enhance X-ray absorption capability.The optimized scintillators with an Au(III)-TADF complex as the sensitizer exhibited intense NIR radioluminescence peaking at 746 nm upon X-ray excitation.High-quality X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 15.3 lp mm^(-1) was demonstrated,suggesting great potential for real applications.This work provides an effective strategy for the development of NIR organic scintillators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171094,22431005,21771071,21925104,92261204)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2021CFA020)+2 种基金the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team Project[2022]the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Hubei University of Automotive Technology(BK202428)。
文摘Copper(Ⅰ)nanoclusters(NCs),compared to other commercial scintillators,exhibit ease of synthesis and cost-effectiveness,demonstrating significant potential for application as X-ray scintillators.However,synthesizing atomically precise alkynyl copper(Ⅰ)NCs with high luminescence is still challenging.Here,eight propeller-shaped Cu_(9) NCs were successfully synthesized.Each features a unique triangular prismatic Cu_(6) core,which exhibits significant structural differences compared to other copper(Ⅰ)halide NCs.By modifying triphenylphosphine derivatives and halogens,the Cu_(9) NCs exhibited their highest photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 43%for 2-CF_(3).Comprehensive structural elucidation alongside photophysical and computational analyses have unveiled the mechanisms underlying the thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)performance of these Cu_(9) NCs.A white light-emitting diode(LED)fabricated using 2-CF_(3)powder demonstrates a color rendering index(Ra)of 73.5.Notably,the radioluminescence(RL)of 2-CF_(3)was found to demonstrate a scintillating light yield of 4,924 photons/Me V and a low detection limit of 1.239μGy/s.Furthermore,the X-ray imaging resolution of 25.4 line pairs/mm was reported for the 2-CF_(3)screen,representing the top resolution achieved so far for organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators.This investigation not only represents the first observation of TADF and RL behaviors in alkynyl copper(Ⅰ)NCs but also provides new insights into advancing scintillator design.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB1903200)the Electronic Components Project of China(No.2009ZYHN0003).
文摘Radio-photovoltaic cells(RPVCs)are able to offer high reliability and extended operational lifetimes,making them ideal for harsh-environment applications.However,the two-stage energy conversion process inherently limits energy conversion efficiency(ECE).This study presents a novel RPVC design based on a waveguide light concentration(WLC)scheme,employing multilayer-stacked GAGG:Ce scintillation waveguides alternately loaded with^(90)Sr radioisotope sources.Electron beam irradiation tests revealed highly efficient radioluminescence(RL)emission from the edge surfaces of GAGG:Ce waveguide at electron energies exceeding 60 keV.A RPVC prototype incorporating 1.43 Ci of^(90)Sr achieved a maximum output power(Pmax)of 48.9μW,with an unprecedented ECE of 2.96%—the highest reported value for radioisotope-powered RPVCs to date.Furthermore,a multi-module integrated RPVC prototype demonstrated a Pmax of 3.17 mW,with a short circuit current of 2.23 mA and an open circuit voltage of 2.14 V.Remarkably,the device exhibited only 13.8%RL performance degradation after a 50-year equivalent electron beam irradiation(total fluence:5.625×10^(18)e/cm^(2)),confirming exceptional radiation hardness.These findings demonstrate that the WLC-based RPVCs achieve both high power output and exceptional long-term stability,representing a substantial advancement for facilitating nuclear battery applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52022071Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:ZDSYS20210623091813040。
文摘Organic scintillators have recently gained considerable attentions in X-ray detection for their potential applications in biomedical radiograph and security inspection.However,the weak X-ray absorption and/or inefficient exciton utilization have limited the development and commercialization of organic scintillators.Currently,high-performance X-ray organic scintillators are scarce and organic scintillators with dual triplet-harvesting channels have not been explored before.Here,we develop several proof-of-concept sulfone-based organic molecules,C1–C7,using different alkoxy chains to manipulate molecular packing mode.These materials exhibit dual triplet-harvesting channels of thermally activated delayedfluorescence(TADF)and room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)in aggregated state.Inspiringly,these molecules display distinct radioluminescence under the X-ray stimulation.Among them,C6 behaves the highest light yield of 16,558 photons MeV-1.Moreover,clear X-ray images are demonstrated in both aggregated state and single-molecule level.High spatial resolutions of 15.0 and 10.6 line pairs per millimeter(lp mm-1)are achieved for rigid andflexible scintillator screens,exceeding most reported organic and conventional inorganic scintillators.These results highlight the great potential of organic molecules with TADF and RTP nature for efficient X-ray scintillation and imaging.
基金funded by the NIH NIAMS R01 AR070305-01.U.U.was supported by a NIH R01 grant and a Fulbright Scholar Award.
文摘Measuring chemical concentrations at the surface of implanted medical devices is important for elucidating the local biochemical environment,especially during implant infection.Although chemical indicator dyes enable chemical measurements in vitro,they are usually ineffective when measuring through tissue because the background obscures the dye signal and scattering dramatically reduces the spatial resolution.X-ray excited luminescent chemical imaging(XELCI)is a recent imaging modality which overcomes these limitations using a focused X-ray beam to excite a small spot of red light on scintillator-coated medical implants with well-defined location(because X-rays are minimally scattered)and low background.A spectrochemical indicator film placed over the scintillator layer,e.g.,a polymer film containing pH-indicator dyes,absorbs some of the luminescence according to the local chemical environment,and this absorption is then detected by measuring the light intensity/spectrum passing through the tissue.A focused X-ray beam is used to scan point-by-point with a spatial resolution mainly limited by the X-ray beam width with minimum increase from X-ray absorption and scattering in the tissue.X-ray resolution,implant surface specificity,and chemical sensitivity are the three key features of XELCI.Here,we study spatial resolution using optically absorptive targets.For imaging a series of lines,the 20-80%knife-edge resolution was∼285(±15)μm with no tissue and 475±18 and 520±34μm,respectively,through 5 and 10 mm thick tissue.Thus,doubling the tissue depth did not appreciably change the spatial resolution recorded through the tissue.This shows the promise of XELCI for submillimeter chemical imaging through tissue.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171105 and 12004384)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020KB012,ZR2021MB001,and ZR2022YQ14)+1 种基金the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry(20210015)the Special Foundation of Taishan Scholar Project.
基金the financial support from the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(61825503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075101,61775101,and 61775103)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20200095).
文摘Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields.Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection and radiography,due to their diversified design,low cost,and facile preparation.However,recent progress in efficient radioluminescence has mainly focused on small molecules,which are inevitably associated with processability and repeatability issues.Here,a concise strategy is proposed to prepare radioluminescent polymers that exhibit multiple emission colors from blue to yellow with high brightness in an amorphous state by the radical copolymerization of negatively charged polyacrylic acid and different positively charged quaternary phosphonium salts.One of the obtained polymers exhibits excellent photostability under a high X-ray irradiation dosage of 27.35 Gy and has a detection limit of 149 nGy s^(−1).This performance is superior to that of conventional anthracene-based scintillators.Furthermore,by simply drop-casting a polymer methanol solution on a quartz plate,a transparent scintillator screen was successfully fabricated for X-ray imaging with a resolution of 8.7 line pairs mm^(−1).The pure organic phosphorescent polymers with a highly efficient radioluminescence were demonstrated for the first time,and the strategy reported herein offers a promising pathway to expand the application range of amorphous organic scintillators.
基金the United States-India Education Foundation(USIEF,India)the Institute of International Education(HE,USA)for his Fulbright Nehru Postdoctoral Fellowship(Award#2268/FNPDR72017)the financial support provided by the IIT startup funds.
文摘This review article highlights the exploration of inorganic nanoscintillators for various scientific and technological applications in the fields of radiation detection,bioimaging,and medical theranostics.Various aspects of nanoscintillators pertaining to their fundamental principles,mechanism,structure,applications are briefly discussed.The mechanisms of inorganic nanoscintillators are explained based on the fundamental principles,instrumentation involved,and associated physical and chemical phenomena,etc.Subsequently,the promise of nanoscintillators over the existing single-crystal scintillators and other types of scintillators is presented,enabling their development for multifunctional applications.The processes governing the scintillation mechanisms in nanodomains,such as surface,structure,quantum,and dielectric confinement,are explained to reveal the underlying nanoscale scintillation phenomena.Additionally,suitable examples are provided to explain these processes based on the published data.Furthermore,we attempt to explain the different types of inorganic nanoscintillators in terms of the powder nanoparticles,thin films,nanoceramics,and glasses to ensure that the effect of nanoscience in different nanoscintillator domains can be appreciated.The limitations of nanoscintillators arc also highlighted in this review article.The advantages of nanostructured scintillators,including their property-driven applications,are also explained.This review article presents the considerable application potential of nanostructured scintillators with respect to important aspects as well as their physical and application significance in a concise manner.
基金supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong(2021B1515020105)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693597,BX2021385).
文摘Large-size scintillators with high efficiency and ultrafast radiation fluorescence have shown more potential in the applications to ionizing radiation detection of medical diagnosis,nuclear control and high-energy physics.Currently,although traditional scintillators have made tremendous progress in scintillation efficiency,there are still challenges left in fluorescence lifetime.Faced with that problem,we adopted 2-inch ZnO as the substrate and doped gallium as activator to realize an ultrafast fluorescence excited byα-ray,of which the decay time is only 600 ps that is the shortest scintilla-tion decay time reported so far.The results show that the shallow donor related with gallium not only effectively suppresses band-edge self-absorption,but makes ultrafast radiation possible,which gets gallium-doped ZnO as a potential scintillator for high-quality ultrafast dynamic imaging proved.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21788102,52003228Science and Technology Plan of Shenzhen,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20180306174910791+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019B121205002Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,Grant/Award Numbers:N_HKUT609/19,16305518,A-HKUST605/16,C6009-17GInnovation and Technology Commission,Grant/Award Numbers:ITC-CNERC14SC01,ITCPD/17-9。
文摘Organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence have attracted great attention while the underlying mechanisms is still not well understood.Here,we employed a series of ancient inorganic complexes platinocyanides with aggregation-induced emission property to elucidate the mechanism of clusteroluminescence including how does the chromophore form and how does the solid structures influence the luminescence behaviors.The results indicate that the isolated platinocyanide cannot work as a chromophore to emit visible light,while their clusterization at aggregate state can trigger the d-orbitals coupling of the platinum atoms to facilitate the electron exchange and delocalization to form a new chromophore to emit visible light.Furthermore,the counter ions and H2O ligands help to rigidify the three-dimensional network structure of the platinocyanides to suppress the excited state nonradiative decay,resulting in the high quantum yield of up to 96%.This work fundamentally helps understanding both the organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence phenomenon.
