The focus of this paper is the process of radicalization of the San Bernardino attackers and their source of inspiration and affiliations.The literature on the pathway to terrorism and jihad appears to agree that path...The focus of this paper is the process of radicalization of the San Bernardino attackers and their source of inspiration and affiliations.The literature on the pathway to terrorism and jihad appears to agree that pathways and triggers are varied and many with no clear set of traits that one can identify to predict individual paths to jihadism,in short,it is an idiosyncratic process.So,while the psychological profiling of high risk jihadist individuals has yet to be fruitful,the psycho/sociological behaviors associated with jihadism appear to offer greater promise.This paper will divide into four actions:their pathway to radicalization,affiliations/relations,source of inspiration,and the conclusion.展开更多
This paper explores the recent findings of some empirical research concerning Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham＇s （ISIS＇） communication and tries to synthesize them under the theoretical frame of propaganda＇s con...This paper explores the recent findings of some empirical research concerning Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham＇s （ISIS＇） communication and tries to synthesize them under the theoretical frame of propaganda＇s concept and practices. Many authors demonstrated how ISIS propaganda campaigns, in particular those deployed on cyberspace, proved to be effective in recruiting new members in both western and Muslim countries. However, while most of the researches focused on ISIS＇s communication contents and narratives, few works considered other methods and techniques used for actually delivering them. This is a regrettable missing point given the fact that communication＇s and neurosciences＇ studies demonstrate that not only what is communicated but also the techniques adopted bear important consequences on the receiver＇s perceptions and behavior. Therefore, this article analyzes in particular the findings of researches carried out by communication scholars, social psychologists, and neuro-cognitive scientists on ISIS＇ persuasive communication techniques and demonstrates their importance for security studies＇ analysis of ISIS＇ propaganda. It argues that ISIS＇ success in mobilizing people and make them prone to violent action relies on-among other factors-its knowledge and exploitation of sophisticated methods of perceptions＇ manipulation and behavior＇s influence. This, in turn, demonstrates ISIS＇ possession of state-like soft power capabilities effectively deployed in propaganda campaigns and therefore calls for a more complex understanding of its agency.展开更多
The following article presents the results of a research-action and an online communication campaign on the prevention of radicalization of second-generation young Italian Muslims as a part of a project called“Oltre...The following article presents the results of a research-action and an online communication campaign on the prevention of radicalization of second-generation young Italian Muslims as a part of a project called“Oltre”(the Italian acronym means“Beyond”)financed by European Union.After a short presentation of the four steps of the prevention communication model PKIC,a deepening on the radicalization factors,and a focus on the research-action methodology,the results of the research on some fundamental issues like the relationship with family and the relation with media and social media of the young interviewees,are shown.Finally,in the last part of the article,the interventions carried out by the second-generation young moderators of the social media campaign carried on Facebook and Instagram,are presented in the framework of the online communication campaign born out of the research-action to discuss if and how a prevention process and consequent change with regard to the radicalization factors took place.展开更多
The escalating pace of industrialization has significantly intensified water pollution challenges,for instance,the persistent organic pollutants like methyl orange(MO).Conventional remediation techniques,such as adsor...The escalating pace of industrialization has significantly intensified water pollution challenges,for instance,the persistent organic pollutants like methyl orange(MO).Conventional remediation techniques,such as adsorption and biological degradation,are often hampered by low efficiency and the risk of secondary pollution.Photocatalysis emerges as a promising sustainable alternative;however,the benchmark material titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))suffers from its intrinsic limitations,notably its wide bandgap energy(≥3.4 eV)restricting its activity to the region of the ultraviolet light and its rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.To overcome these constraints,this research focused on synthesizing novel TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction composite photocatalysts via a solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization techniques confirmed the successful formation of the composite,which revealed that ultrathin Sn3O4 nanosheets uniformly coated TiO_(2) nanospheres.This unique architecture effectively reduced the overall crystallinity and introduced the beneficial oxygen vacancies.Under visible-light irradiation(λ≥420 nm),the optimized TiO_(2)/Sn3O4 composite exhibited the exceptional photocatalytic performance,which achieved 96%degradation of MO within just 60 minutes.The calculated apparent kinetic rate constant(0.103 min^(-1))was remarkably(5.15 times)higher than that of pristine TiO_(2).ESR experiments identified that hydroxyl radicals(·OH)was the predominant active species driving the degradation.Furthermore,cyclic degradation tests demonstrated its excellent material stability,with the composite retaining 85%of its initial efficiency after four consecutive reuse cycles.This work underscored the synergistic effects within the TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction,which significantly enhanced the visible-light absorption,charge separation,and photocatalytic activity,which provided the valuable insights for designing efficient,stable catalysts for the advanced environmental remediation applications.展开更多
The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types ...The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types of Smiles rearrangement,the radical-type variant has emerged as a more powerful,mild,efficient,and modern synthetic technique compared to its traditional ionic counterpart.This approach excels in generating new(hetero)aromatic migration products,enabling significant advancements in recent years.This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress,since 2016,in the development and application of radical Smiles rearrangement in organic chemistry.Special attention is paid to novel transformations achieved through photochemical,electrochemical,and transition metal catalysis methods.展开更多
Background:The Da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System(Da Vinci-SP),introduced by Intuitive(CA,USA)in 2018 in the USA and in 2024 in Europe,integrates advanced features like a flexible camera and articulating instruments....Background:The Da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System(Da Vinci-SP),introduced by Intuitive(CA,USA)in 2018 in the USA and in 2024 in Europe,integrates advanced features like a flexible camera and articulating instruments.It has garnered significant interest in urology.Our report presents the first described European series of Radical Prostatectomies using the Da Vinci SP at the leading Italian center,Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli,IRCCS“G.Pascale”Foundation,detailing the technical differences and challenges faced by experienced multiport robotic surgeons.Methods:Sixteen patients have been enrolled and underwent Single-Port(SP)Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy(SP-RARP).Baseline characteristics of the patients were collected.We provided a step-by-step description of the surgical technique.Oncological outcomes have been evaluated and compared with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and biopsy results.Intraoperative,perioperative,and postoperative complications,surgical outcomes,functional outcomes,and technical issues of the new system were also documented.Results:All surgeries were successfully performed without the need for conversion.An extraperitoneal approach was used for all patients.Median Console time was 110 min.No complications were reported.The estimated median blood loss was 175 cc.Discharge from the hospital was on the first post-operative day for all patients.Bladder catheter removal was on day 7 without the need for cystography.Conclusions:We presented the first European case series of SP-RARP,reporting our experience and confirming the procedure’s feasibility for a highly experienced robotic surgeon.Experience with an extraperitoneal approach using the multiport(MP)platform,combined with well-conducted training for the SP system,may facilitate the transition to SP surgery.Further procedures and studies are needed to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes.展开更多
The highly selective C(sp^(3))-H bond activation strategy will greatly promote the efficient utilization of natural hydrocarbon resources.In the past few decades,chemists have developed effective methods to activate t...The highly selective C(sp^(3))-H bond activation strategy will greatly promote the efficient utilization of natural hydrocarbon resources.In the past few decades,chemists have developed effective methods to activate the 1°C-H bonds with the smallest steric hindrance and the 3°C-H bonds with the largest steric hindrance in alkanes.However,there is currently no effective strategy for activating the 2°C-H bond with steric hindrance between the two.Here,we combine electrochemistry and organic catalysis to report a highly selective method for the chlorination of alkane 2°C-H bonds.By adjusting the specific cavity size of the organic molecule catalyst to precisely undergo hydrogen atom transfer with the secondary C-H bond,the corresponding carbon-centered free radicals are generated,which then combine with chlorine atoms to produce chlorinated alkanes at specific sites.In addition,the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes and simple electrochemical conditions makes it easy to scale up the system to kilogram-level production.展开更多
The radical addition/functional group migration strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for the difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons,yet the heteroatom-mediated functional group migration remains largely un...The radical addition/functional group migration strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for the difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons,yet the heteroatom-mediated functional group migration remains largely unexplored.Herein,we report an unprecedented radical difunctionalization of alkynes employing oxime esters as bifunctional reagents through a novel C-centered radical addition/N-centered radical translocation sequence.This innovative transformation paradigm enables efficient alkylamination of alkynes under mild photocatalytic redox conditions.Mechanistic investigations reveal a cascade sequence initiated by single-electron transfer from oxime derivatives,proceeding through radical addition,6-exo-trig cyclization,and subsequent imino group migration.展开更多
A visible-light induced cascade sulfonation/cyclization reaction of 3-allyl-2-arylquinazolinones employing water as an environmentally friendly solvent was revealed.This transition metal-free protocol,using 9-mesityl-...A visible-light induced cascade sulfonation/cyclization reaction of 3-allyl-2-arylquinazolinones employing water as an environmentally friendly solvent was revealed.This transition metal-free protocol,using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate as the photocatalyst,represents a masterly tactic for the synthesis of sulfonated dihydroisoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolinones featuring mild conditions,facile operation,and broad substrate scope.展开更多
Selective depression of pyrite remains a major bottleneck in copper flotation,particularly when high-pyrite ores are processed and saline water is used.In such environments,conventional approaches using lime and inert...Selective depression of pyrite remains a major bottleneck in copper flotation,particularly when high-pyrite ores are processed and saline water is used.In such environments,conventional approaches using lime and inert grinding media often fail to discriminate ef-fectively between pyrite and valuable copper minerals due to strong copper activation on pyrite surfaces.This study introduced a novel approach using inorganic radicals generated from peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to selectively oxidize and depress pyrite.Flotation tests with synthetic high-pyrite ore blends showed that PMS significantly reduced pyrite recovery while maintaining or improving chalcopyrite flot-ation.Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction confirmed selective oxidation of pyrite,and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy identified hydroxyl(·OH)and sulfate(SO_(4)^(·-))radicals as the dominant reactive species.Iron ions from grinding me-dia and mineral surfaces were identified as key activators of PMS.A major insight was pyrite’s dual role,acting both as a radical scav-enger and an activator,which made it highly reactive and susceptible to radical-induced oxidation.This process converted surface copper-sulfur species into copper hydroxides,effectively suppressing pyrite flotation.While previous studies have applied EPR to detect radicals in simplified activator/precursor systems,this study provides the first direct mechanistic evidence of radical-driven selectivity in flotation by detecting inorganic radicals in a complex flotation slurry,thereby demonstrating their persistence under industrially relevant conditions and establishing a foundation for more effective and targeted flotation strategies.展开更多
Plant-related organic compound(PROC)may interact with redox-active metals like iron while they are present in soil or aquatic environment,but their effects on the photoreduction of Fe(III)remain largely unexplored.Thi...Plant-related organic compound(PROC)may interact with redox-active metals like iron while they are present in soil or aquatic environment,but their effects on the photoreduction of Fe(III)remain largely unexplored.This study investigates the photochemical behavior of Fe(III)-PROC complexes using alkaline lignin(AL),betaine hydrochloride(BH),and phytic acid(PA)as representative proxies for PROC.The reductive agent AL demonstrated the ability to directly reduce Fe(III)to Fe(II).In contrast,BH,being unable to form strong complexes with Fe(III),was able to quench·OH,thereby resulting in a shift of the redox equilibrium towards Fe(II).PA exhibited a strong binding affinity for Fe(III),effectively inhibiting its photoreduction.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis,utilizing 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO)as a spin trap,revealed that the DMPO-OH signal detected in photolyzed Fe(III)-PROC solutions originated from various pathways.Specifically,uncomplexed Fe(III)in AL or BH solutions was shown to oxidize DMPO directly,leading to the formation of a false DMPO-OH adduct.The addition of ethanol to the photolyzed Fe(III)-AL and Fe(III)-BH systems resulted in the generation of the DMPO-CH(CH_(3))OH adduct,thereby confirming the presence of authentic·OH in these systems.The photolysis of the Fe(III)-PA complex may proceed via a photodissociation mechanism,where the resulting loosely bound Fe(III)can oxidize DMPO,followed by a nucleophilic attack from water.This research highlights the multifaceted roles of PROC in facilitating the redox cycling of iron within soil and aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.展开更多
Given that platinum-based drugs are widely used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents,their severe toxic side effects have attracted significant attention.Consequently,the development of novel nanoprodrugs based on lo...Given that platinum-based drugs are widely used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents,their severe toxic side effects have attracted significant attention.Consequently,the development of novel nanoprodrugs based on low-toxicity tetravalent platinum(Pt(Ⅳ))com plexes holds substantial research value.Herein,we discovered that coumarin derivatives exhibit inherent antitumor efficacy and significantly enhance superoxide anion radicals(·O_(2)^(-))generation in aqueous solutions under ultrasound(US)irradiation.Given that·O_(2)^(-)is known to mediate the reduction of Pt(Ⅳ)to divalent platinum(Pt(Ⅱ)),we engineered an US-responsive dual-drug nanoprodrug(P-cisPt(Ⅳ)@5-MOP).This nanoprodrug was prepared by covalently conjugating Pt(Ⅳ)and methoxy polyethylene glycol hydroxyl(m PEG-OH)to a poly(_(L)-glutamic acid)(PLG)carrier,followed by encapsulating coumarin derivatives.Under low-intensity US irradiation(1.5 W/cm^(2),1 MHz,10 min),P-cisPt(Ⅳ)@5-MOP achieved a Pt(Ⅳ)reduction rate of 91.4%.Furthermore,upon US exposure,its half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))against 4T1 breast cancer cells decreased dramatically from 25.7μmol/L to 0.1μmol/L.Remarkably,this system combined with US therapy yielded a tumor inhibition rate of 90.9%,with 40%of tumor-bea ring mice achieving com plete eradication of tumors,while exhibiting low systemic toxicity.Collectively,this work not only identifies a novel sonosensitizer capable of generating·O_(2)^(-)but also develops a new class of ultrasound-activatable Pt(Ⅳ)nanoprodrug.展开更多
Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review ...Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverseWarburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming.Literature on neurodegeneration,age-related sarcopenia,type 2 diabetes,chronic kidney disease,heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)has been reviewed and synthesised.In all of these conditions,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.This diverts pyruvate away fromthe tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and promotes glycolysis.In cell and animal models,melatonin consistently inhibits PDK4,destabilizes HIF-1αunder normoxic conditions,activates SIRT1/3-dependentmitochondrial biogenesis andmitophagy,and eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.These actions reduce lactate production,restore oxidative phosphorylation and attenuate tissue damage.This appears to induce cognitive and synaptic improvements in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models,increased muscle mass and function in ageing rodents,improved insulin sensitivity alongside suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic models,reduced fibrosis in nephropathy,and normalization of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Early-stage clinical trials corroborate a decrease in oxidative and inflammatorymarkers,improved sleep quality and modest cognitive benefits.However,they report conflicting effects on insulin sensitivity,which are largely related to the dose and timing of administration in relation to food intake.Overall,the current data suggest that melatonin is a pleiotropic metabolic modulator capable of counteracting the Warburg phenotype in multiple organs.However,human studies remain scarce,and well-designed randomised trials incorporating chronotherapy are needed before clinical adoption.展开更多
Delayed wound healing following radical gastrectomy remains an important yet underappreciated complication that prolongs hospitalization,increases costs,and undermines patient recovery.In An et al’s recent study,the ...Delayed wound healing following radical gastrectomy remains an important yet underappreciated complication that prolongs hospitalization,increases costs,and undermines patient recovery.In An et al’s recent study,the authors present a machine learning-based risk prediction approach using routinely available clinical and laboratory parameters.Among the evaluated algorithms,a decision tree model demonstrated excellent discrimination,achieving an area under the curve of 0.951 in the validation set and notably identifying all true cases of delayed wound healing at the Youden index threshold.The inclusion of variables such as drainage duration,preoperative white blood cell and neutrophil counts,alongside age and sex,highlights the pragmatic appeal of the model for early postoperative monitoring.Nevertheless,several aspects warrant critical reflection,including the reliance on a postoperative variable(drainage duration),internal validation only,and certain reporting inconsistencies.This letter underscores both the promise and the limitations of adopting interpretable machine learning models in perioperative care.We advocate for transparent reporting,external validation,and careful consideration of clinically actionable timepoints before integration into practice.Ultimately,this work represents a valuable step toward precision risk stratification in gastric cancer surgery,and sets the stage for multicenter,prospective evaluations.展开更多
Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by g...Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by generating reactive free radicals(RFRs)during photolysis.However,due to the unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion rate,strong absorption by oxygen and water molecules,and other characteristics of VUV radiation,its application and development are hindered,leading to misconceptions regarding high energy consumption and insufficient free radical yield.The objectives of our assessment in this review are as follows:The illumination of the photochemical characteristics of VUV and the reactivity of aqueous solutions.Summarization of accurate UV dose and energy evaluation criteria.Comparison and analysis of the photochemical mechanisms and reaction kinetics of different types of EPs via VUV direct photolysis,as well as the interference origins of typical substrates in water for VUV decontamination.We found that quantities typically reported in VUV photochemical reactions of engineered systems are underreported in low-pressure mercury lamp(LPUV)photochemical reactions,especially a quantitative indicator of the species or energy that induces a chemical reaction.The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to assess the fundamental performance of VUV photolysis fully compared with that of UV-C.Some studies have sought to optimize VUV-advanced reduction processes(VUV-ARP)or VUV reactor treatment of these contaminants;however,an abundant evaluation of the reaction origins and processes between VUV-derived main RFRs and reactants(H_(2)O,O_(2),organic matter,inorganic ions,etc.)is essential,cause these scientific elements will provide the possibility to break the application gap for VUV in the field of EPs treating.Overall,the data compilation,analysis,and research recommendations provided in this review will form the basis for all photochemical reactions initiated by VUV radiation with water as the backing agent.展开更多
The photocatalytic oxidation of methane(CH_(4)) to valuable chemicals like low alcohols(CH_(3)OH and C_(2)H_(5)OH) represents a significant technological advancement with implications for energy conversion and environ...The photocatalytic oxidation of methane(CH_(4)) to valuable chemicals like low alcohols(CH_(3)OH and C_(2)H_(5)OH) represents a significant technological advancement with implications for energy conversion and environmental purification.A major challenge in this field is the chemical inertness of methane and the strong oxidizing nature of photogenerated holes,which can lead to over-oxidation and reduced selectivity and efficiency.To address these issues,we have developed a sodium-doped zinc oxide(Na-ZnO) modified with cobalt oxide(CoO) catalyst.This catalyst has demonstrated excellent performance in converting methane to low alcohols,achieving a yield of 130 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1) and a selectivity of up to 96 %.The doping of Na in ZnO significantly enhances methane adsorption,while the surface-modified CoO effectively captures photogenerated holes,activates water molecules,and uses hydroxyl radicals to activate methane,thus controlling the dehydrogenation degree of methane and preventing the formation of over-oxidized products.This strategy has successfully improved the efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic methane oxidation to low alcohols,offering a new perspective for the application of photocatalytic technology in energy and environmental fields.展开更多
Radical cycloaddition reactions(RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo-and heterocycles,which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and...Radical cycloaddition reactions(RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo-and heterocycles,which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and hold significant potential for applications in medicinal chemistry.Radical-mediated cycloaddition strategies,which recycle radical character,are particularly appealing because they require only a catalytic amount of reagent and promise reactions with theoretically high atom economy.This review focuses on recent developments and synthetic applications in RCRs,with an emphasis on visible lightinduced radical photocycloaddition reactions(RPCRs),transition metal-catalyzed approaches,and small molecule-catalyzed methods.By highlighting some outstanding innovations and addressing current challenges,this review aims to identify potential areas for improvement.These advancements will provide more efficient pathways for the synthesis of natural product molecules and offer valuable insights for the development of new synthetic methodologies.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model on the quality of rehabilitation in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer following laparoscopic radica...Objective:To analyze the impact of nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model on the quality of rehabilitation in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer following laparoscopic radical surgery.Methods:A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 96 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage ovarian cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery from December 2023 to December 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to groups using a random number table method before surgery.After surgery,the control group(n=48)received routine quantitative assessment nursing interventions,while the observation group(n=48)received nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model.Both groups received continuous nursing care until discharge.Differences between the groups were compared in terms of negative emotions,quality of life scores before and after postoperative intervention,postoperative recovery indicators,and nursing satisfaction evaluations on the day of discharge.Results:After intervention,the observation group had lower scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),as well as shorter recovery times for gastrointestinal function and food intake,and a shorter hospital stay compared to the control group.Additionally,the observation group had higher scores on the Quality-of-Life Instrument for Cancer Patients-Ovarian Cancer(QLICP-OV)than the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The overall satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing quantitative evaluation nursing interventions based on the Kano model for patients with early-stage ovarian cancer after laparoscopic radical surgery can,by addressing their postoperative basic health,disease awareness,and other intervention content needs to a comprehensive degree,actively promote postoperative recovery and improve their mental health and quality of life.展开更多
Based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the patients with types I,II,and III can undergo radical resection in the absence of extensive intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion[1]....Based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the patients with types I,II,and III can undergo radical resection in the absence of extensive intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion[1].Depending on the scope of tumor invasion in bile duct,a combined resection of parts of the liver,hepatic ducts,common bile ducts,regional lymph nodes,and even parts of the duodenum and pancreas is necessary,along with biliary and gastrointestinal reconstructions[2].The surgical plan is complex,involving a large resection area and significant trauma.In recent years,laparoscopic or robot assisted radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has been applied clinically[3,4].With the advanced laparoscopic equipment,many patients undergo hepatopancreatoduodenectomy successfully[5].The limitations of traditional laparoscopic techniques restrict their wide application in clinical practice.However,the Da Vinci robot has been widely applied due to its clear field of vision and flexible manipulation.However,its utilization in hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still relatively rare.Here,we report a case with hilar cholangiocarcinoma at clinical stage IIIb who underwent robot-assisted hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy.展开更多
文摘The focus of this paper is the process of radicalization of the San Bernardino attackers and their source of inspiration and affiliations.The literature on the pathway to terrorism and jihad appears to agree that pathways and triggers are varied and many with no clear set of traits that one can identify to predict individual paths to jihadism,in short,it is an idiosyncratic process.So,while the psychological profiling of high risk jihadist individuals has yet to be fruitful,the psycho/sociological behaviors associated with jihadism appear to offer greater promise.This paper will divide into four actions:their pathway to radicalization,affiliations/relations,source of inspiration,and the conclusion.
文摘This paper explores the recent findings of some empirical research concerning Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham＇s （ISIS＇） communication and tries to synthesize them under the theoretical frame of propaganda＇s concept and practices. Many authors demonstrated how ISIS propaganda campaigns, in particular those deployed on cyberspace, proved to be effective in recruiting new members in both western and Muslim countries. However, while most of the researches focused on ISIS＇s communication contents and narratives, few works considered other methods and techniques used for actually delivering them. This is a regrettable missing point given the fact that communication＇s and neurosciences＇ studies demonstrate that not only what is communicated but also the techniques adopted bear important consequences on the receiver＇s perceptions and behavior. Therefore, this article analyzes in particular the findings of researches carried out by communication scholars, social psychologists, and neuro-cognitive scientists on ISIS＇ persuasive communication techniques and demonstrates their importance for security studies＇ analysis of ISIS＇ propaganda. It argues that ISIS＇ success in mobilizing people and make them prone to violent action relies on-among other factors-its knowledge and exploitation of sophisticated methods of perceptions＇ manipulation and behavior＇s influence. This, in turn, demonstrates ISIS＇ possession of state-like soft power capabilities effectively deployed in propaganda campaigns and therefore calls for a more complex understanding of its agency.
文摘The following article presents the results of a research-action and an online communication campaign on the prevention of radicalization of second-generation young Italian Muslims as a part of a project called“Oltre”(the Italian acronym means“Beyond”)financed by European Union.After a short presentation of the four steps of the prevention communication model PKIC,a deepening on the radicalization factors,and a focus on the research-action methodology,the results of the research on some fundamental issues like the relationship with family and the relation with media and social media of the young interviewees,are shown.Finally,in the last part of the article,the interventions carried out by the second-generation young moderators of the social media campaign carried on Facebook and Instagram,are presented in the framework of the online communication campaign born out of the research-action to discuss if and how a prevention process and consequent change with regard to the radicalization factors took place.
文摘The escalating pace of industrialization has significantly intensified water pollution challenges,for instance,the persistent organic pollutants like methyl orange(MO).Conventional remediation techniques,such as adsorption and biological degradation,are often hampered by low efficiency and the risk of secondary pollution.Photocatalysis emerges as a promising sustainable alternative;however,the benchmark material titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))suffers from its intrinsic limitations,notably its wide bandgap energy(≥3.4 eV)restricting its activity to the region of the ultraviolet light and its rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.To overcome these constraints,this research focused on synthesizing novel TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction composite photocatalysts via a solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization techniques confirmed the successful formation of the composite,which revealed that ultrathin Sn3O4 nanosheets uniformly coated TiO_(2) nanospheres.This unique architecture effectively reduced the overall crystallinity and introduced the beneficial oxygen vacancies.Under visible-light irradiation(λ≥420 nm),the optimized TiO_(2)/Sn3O4 composite exhibited the exceptional photocatalytic performance,which achieved 96%degradation of MO within just 60 minutes.The calculated apparent kinetic rate constant(0.103 min^(-1))was remarkably(5.15 times)higher than that of pristine TiO_(2).ESR experiments identified that hydroxyl radicals(·OH)was the predominant active species driving the degradation.Furthermore,cyclic degradation tests demonstrated its excellent material stability,with the composite retaining 85%of its initial efficiency after four consecutive reuse cycles.This work underscored the synergistic effects within the TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction,which significantly enhanced the visible-light absorption,charge separation,and photocatalytic activity,which provided the valuable insights for designing efficient,stable catalysts for the advanced environmental remediation applications.
基金Financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for Gannan Medical University(No.QD202429)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171206)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ23B020001)Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(No.2023R5244)Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University(No.2020ZD04)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types of Smiles rearrangement,the radical-type variant has emerged as a more powerful,mild,efficient,and modern synthetic technique compared to its traditional ionic counterpart.This approach excels in generating new(hetero)aromatic migration products,enabling significant advancements in recent years.This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress,since 2016,in the development and application of radical Smiles rearrangement in organic chemistry.Special attention is paid to novel transformations achieved through photochemical,electrochemical,and transition metal catalysis methods.
文摘Background:The Da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System(Da Vinci-SP),introduced by Intuitive(CA,USA)in 2018 in the USA and in 2024 in Europe,integrates advanced features like a flexible camera and articulating instruments.It has garnered significant interest in urology.Our report presents the first described European series of Radical Prostatectomies using the Da Vinci SP at the leading Italian center,Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli,IRCCS“G.Pascale”Foundation,detailing the technical differences and challenges faced by experienced multiport robotic surgeons.Methods:Sixteen patients have been enrolled and underwent Single-Port(SP)Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy(SP-RARP).Baseline characteristics of the patients were collected.We provided a step-by-step description of the surgical technique.Oncological outcomes have been evaluated and compared with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and biopsy results.Intraoperative,perioperative,and postoperative complications,surgical outcomes,functional outcomes,and technical issues of the new system were also documented.Results:All surgeries were successfully performed without the need for conversion.An extraperitoneal approach was used for all patients.Median Console time was 110 min.No complications were reported.The estimated median blood loss was 175 cc.Discharge from the hospital was on the first post-operative day for all patients.Bladder catheter removal was on day 7 without the need for cystography.Conclusions:We presented the first European case series of SP-RARP,reporting our experience and confirming the procedure’s feasibility for a highly experienced robotic surgeon.Experience with an extraperitoneal approach using the multiport(MP)platform,combined with well-conducted training for the SP system,may facilitate the transition to SP surgery.Further procedures and studies are needed to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22371129)the First Class Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine“Leading Plan”Scientific Research Special Project of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(ZYXPY2024-005)。
文摘The highly selective C(sp^(3))-H bond activation strategy will greatly promote the efficient utilization of natural hydrocarbon resources.In the past few decades,chemists have developed effective methods to activate the 1°C-H bonds with the smallest steric hindrance and the 3°C-H bonds with the largest steric hindrance in alkanes.However,there is currently no effective strategy for activating the 2°C-H bond with steric hindrance between the two.Here,we combine electrochemistry and organic catalysis to report a highly selective method for the chlorination of alkane 2°C-H bonds.By adjusting the specific cavity size of the organic molecule catalyst to precisely undergo hydrogen atom transfer with the secondary C-H bond,the corresponding carbon-centered free radicals are generated,which then combine with chlorine atoms to produce chlorinated alkanes at specific sites.In addition,the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes and simple electrochemical conditions makes it easy to scale up the system to kilogram-level production.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Plan(2025JC-YBMS-114)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3212500)+1 种基金the Xi’an Jiaotong University(7121192002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xzy022024023)。
文摘The radical addition/functional group migration strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for the difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons,yet the heteroatom-mediated functional group migration remains largely unexplored.Herein,we report an unprecedented radical difunctionalization of alkynes employing oxime esters as bifunctional reagents through a novel C-centered radical addition/N-centered radical translocation sequence.This innovative transformation paradigm enables efficient alkylamination of alkynes under mild photocatalytic redox conditions.Mechanistic investigations reveal a cascade sequence initiated by single-electron transfer from oxime derivatives,proceeding through radical addition,6-exo-trig cyclization,and subsequent imino group migration.
基金funds from Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Nos.2023GXNSFBA026304,2023GXNSFDA026063)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Special Talents(No.Guike AD20159047).
文摘A visible-light induced cascade sulfonation/cyclization reaction of 3-allyl-2-arylquinazolinones employing water as an environmentally friendly solvent was revealed.This transition metal-free protocol,using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate as the photocatalyst,represents a masterly tactic for the synthesis of sulfonated dihydroisoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolinones featuring mild conditions,facile operation,and broad substrate scope.
基金support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)Linkage Project(No.LP230100166).
文摘Selective depression of pyrite remains a major bottleneck in copper flotation,particularly when high-pyrite ores are processed and saline water is used.In such environments,conventional approaches using lime and inert grinding media often fail to discriminate ef-fectively between pyrite and valuable copper minerals due to strong copper activation on pyrite surfaces.This study introduced a novel approach using inorganic radicals generated from peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to selectively oxidize and depress pyrite.Flotation tests with synthetic high-pyrite ore blends showed that PMS significantly reduced pyrite recovery while maintaining or improving chalcopyrite flot-ation.Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction confirmed selective oxidation of pyrite,and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy identified hydroxyl(·OH)and sulfate(SO_(4)^(·-))radicals as the dominant reactive species.Iron ions from grinding me-dia and mineral surfaces were identified as key activators of PMS.A major insight was pyrite’s dual role,acting both as a radical scav-enger and an activator,which made it highly reactive and susceptible to radical-induced oxidation.This process converted surface copper-sulfur species into copper hydroxides,effectively suppressing pyrite flotation.While previous studies have applied EPR to detect radicals in simplified activator/precursor systems,this study provides the first direct mechanistic evidence of radical-driven selectivity in flotation by detecting inorganic radicals in a complex flotation slurry,thereby demonstrating their persistence under industrially relevant conditions and establishing a foundation for more effective and targeted flotation strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.24ZR1419600).
文摘Plant-related organic compound(PROC)may interact with redox-active metals like iron while they are present in soil or aquatic environment,but their effects on the photoreduction of Fe(III)remain largely unexplored.This study investigates the photochemical behavior of Fe(III)-PROC complexes using alkaline lignin(AL),betaine hydrochloride(BH),and phytic acid(PA)as representative proxies for PROC.The reductive agent AL demonstrated the ability to directly reduce Fe(III)to Fe(II).In contrast,BH,being unable to form strong complexes with Fe(III),was able to quench·OH,thereby resulting in a shift of the redox equilibrium towards Fe(II).PA exhibited a strong binding affinity for Fe(III),effectively inhibiting its photoreduction.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis,utilizing 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO)as a spin trap,revealed that the DMPO-OH signal detected in photolyzed Fe(III)-PROC solutions originated from various pathways.Specifically,uncomplexed Fe(III)in AL or BH solutions was shown to oxidize DMPO directly,leading to the formation of a false DMPO-OH adduct.The addition of ethanol to the photolyzed Fe(III)-AL and Fe(III)-BH systems resulted in the generation of the DMPO-CH(CH_(3))OH adduct,thereby confirming the presence of authentic·OH in these systems.The photolysis of the Fe(III)-PA complex may proceed via a photodissociation mechanism,where the resulting loosely bound Fe(III)can oxidize DMPO,followed by a nucleophilic attack from water.This research highlights the multifaceted roles of PROC in facilitating the redox cycling of iron within soil and aquatic ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2412093 and 52170068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT24RC(3)079).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52533015,52495013,52403211,52573183,52273157,52073279 and 52025035)Jilin Province,China(Nos.20250601009RC and 20230508102RC)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2022224)。
文摘Given that platinum-based drugs are widely used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents,their severe toxic side effects have attracted significant attention.Consequently,the development of novel nanoprodrugs based on low-toxicity tetravalent platinum(Pt(Ⅳ))com plexes holds substantial research value.Herein,we discovered that coumarin derivatives exhibit inherent antitumor efficacy and significantly enhance superoxide anion radicals(·O_(2)^(-))generation in aqueous solutions under ultrasound(US)irradiation.Given that·O_(2)^(-)is known to mediate the reduction of Pt(Ⅳ)to divalent platinum(Pt(Ⅱ)),we engineered an US-responsive dual-drug nanoprodrug(P-cisPt(Ⅳ)@5-MOP).This nanoprodrug was prepared by covalently conjugating Pt(Ⅳ)and methoxy polyethylene glycol hydroxyl(m PEG-OH)to a poly(_(L)-glutamic acid)(PLG)carrier,followed by encapsulating coumarin derivatives.Under low-intensity US irradiation(1.5 W/cm^(2),1 MHz,10 min),P-cisPt(Ⅳ)@5-MOP achieved a Pt(Ⅳ)reduction rate of 91.4%.Furthermore,upon US exposure,its half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))against 4T1 breast cancer cells decreased dramatically from 25.7μmol/L to 0.1μmol/L.Remarkably,this system combined with US therapy yielded a tumor inhibition rate of 90.9%,with 40%of tumor-bea ring mice achieving com plete eradication of tumors,while exhibiting low systemic toxicity.Collectively,this work not only identifies a novel sonosensitizer capable of generating·O_(2)^(-)but also develops a new class of ultrasound-activatable Pt(Ⅳ)nanoprodrug.
基金supported by Government of the Principado de Asturias through the Fundacion para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigacion Cientifica Aplicada y a la Tecnologia(FICYT)and also co-founded by the European Union,GRUPIN(IDI/2024/000719).
文摘Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverseWarburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming.Literature on neurodegeneration,age-related sarcopenia,type 2 diabetes,chronic kidney disease,heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)has been reviewed and synthesised.In all of these conditions,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.This diverts pyruvate away fromthe tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and promotes glycolysis.In cell and animal models,melatonin consistently inhibits PDK4,destabilizes HIF-1αunder normoxic conditions,activates SIRT1/3-dependentmitochondrial biogenesis andmitophagy,and eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.These actions reduce lactate production,restore oxidative phosphorylation and attenuate tissue damage.This appears to induce cognitive and synaptic improvements in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models,increased muscle mass and function in ageing rodents,improved insulin sensitivity alongside suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic models,reduced fibrosis in nephropathy,and normalization of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Early-stage clinical trials corroborate a decrease in oxidative and inflammatorymarkers,improved sleep quality and modest cognitive benefits.However,they report conflicting effects on insulin sensitivity,which are largely related to the dose and timing of administration in relation to food intake.Overall,the current data suggest that melatonin is a pleiotropic metabolic modulator capable of counteracting the Warburg phenotype in multiple organs.However,human studies remain scarce,and well-designed randomised trials incorporating chronotherapy are needed before clinical adoption.
文摘Delayed wound healing following radical gastrectomy remains an important yet underappreciated complication that prolongs hospitalization,increases costs,and undermines patient recovery.In An et al’s recent study,the authors present a machine learning-based risk prediction approach using routinely available clinical and laboratory parameters.Among the evaluated algorithms,a decision tree model demonstrated excellent discrimination,achieving an area under the curve of 0.951 in the validation set and notably identifying all true cases of delayed wound healing at the Youden index threshold.The inclusion of variables such as drainage duration,preoperative white blood cell and neutrophil counts,alongside age and sex,highlights the pragmatic appeal of the model for early postoperative monitoring.Nevertheless,several aspects warrant critical reflection,including the reliance on a postoperative variable(drainage duration),internal validation only,and certain reporting inconsistencies.This letter underscores both the promise and the limitations of adopting interpretable machine learning models in perioperative care.We advocate for transparent reporting,external validation,and careful consideration of clinically actionable timepoints before integration into practice.Ultimately,this work represents a valuable step toward precision risk stratification in gastric cancer surgery,and sets the stage for multicenter,prospective evaluations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3210100).
文摘Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by generating reactive free radicals(RFRs)during photolysis.However,due to the unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion rate,strong absorption by oxygen and water molecules,and other characteristics of VUV radiation,its application and development are hindered,leading to misconceptions regarding high energy consumption and insufficient free radical yield.The objectives of our assessment in this review are as follows:The illumination of the photochemical characteristics of VUV and the reactivity of aqueous solutions.Summarization of accurate UV dose and energy evaluation criteria.Comparison and analysis of the photochemical mechanisms and reaction kinetics of different types of EPs via VUV direct photolysis,as well as the interference origins of typical substrates in water for VUV decontamination.We found that quantities typically reported in VUV photochemical reactions of engineered systems are underreported in low-pressure mercury lamp(LPUV)photochemical reactions,especially a quantitative indicator of the species or energy that induces a chemical reaction.The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to assess the fundamental performance of VUV photolysis fully compared with that of UV-C.Some studies have sought to optimize VUV-advanced reduction processes(VUV-ARP)or VUV reactor treatment of these contaminants;however,an abundant evaluation of the reaction origins and processes between VUV-derived main RFRs and reactants(H_(2)O,O_(2),organic matter,inorganic ions,etc.)is essential,cause these scientific elements will provide the possibility to break the application gap for VUV in the field of EPs treating.Overall,the data compilation,analysis,and research recommendations provided in this review will form the basis for all photochemical reactions initiated by VUV radiation with water as the backing agent.
基金support from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LQ24B030011)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (No.2023J181)+4 种基金the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (Heilongjiang University)the Start-up Funding offered by Ningbo University of Technology to J.D.LiNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U24A2071)Postdoctoral Research Start-up Fund (No.2111224002)Harbin Normal University Talent Plan (No.1305124213) to Y.D.Liu。
文摘The photocatalytic oxidation of methane(CH_(4)) to valuable chemicals like low alcohols(CH_(3)OH and C_(2)H_(5)OH) represents a significant technological advancement with implications for energy conversion and environmental purification.A major challenge in this field is the chemical inertness of methane and the strong oxidizing nature of photogenerated holes,which can lead to over-oxidation and reduced selectivity and efficiency.To address these issues,we have developed a sodium-doped zinc oxide(Na-ZnO) modified with cobalt oxide(CoO) catalyst.This catalyst has demonstrated excellent performance in converting methane to low alcohols,achieving a yield of 130 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1) and a selectivity of up to 96 %.The doping of Na in ZnO significantly enhances methane adsorption,while the surface-modified CoO effectively captures photogenerated holes,activates water molecules,and uses hydroxyl radicals to activate methane,thus controlling the dehydrogenation degree of methane and preventing the formation of over-oxidized products.This strategy has successfully improved the efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic methane oxidation to low alcohols,offering a new perspective for the application of photocatalytic technology in energy and environmental fields.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22150410339,W2432012,22301237 and 22171218)the Ministry of Science and Technology China (No.wgxz2022188) is greatly acknowledged。
文摘Radical cycloaddition reactions(RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo-and heterocycles,which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and hold significant potential for applications in medicinal chemistry.Radical-mediated cycloaddition strategies,which recycle radical character,are particularly appealing because they require only a catalytic amount of reagent and promise reactions with theoretically high atom economy.This review focuses on recent developments and synthetic applications in RCRs,with an emphasis on visible lightinduced radical photocycloaddition reactions(RPCRs),transition metal-catalyzed approaches,and small molecule-catalyzed methods.By highlighting some outstanding innovations and addressing current challenges,this review aims to identify potential areas for improvement.These advancements will provide more efficient pathways for the synthesis of natural product molecules and offer valuable insights for the development of new synthetic methodologies.
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model on the quality of rehabilitation in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer following laparoscopic radical surgery.Methods:A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 96 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage ovarian cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery from December 2023 to December 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to groups using a random number table method before surgery.After surgery,the control group(n=48)received routine quantitative assessment nursing interventions,while the observation group(n=48)received nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model.Both groups received continuous nursing care until discharge.Differences between the groups were compared in terms of negative emotions,quality of life scores before and after postoperative intervention,postoperative recovery indicators,and nursing satisfaction evaluations on the day of discharge.Results:After intervention,the observation group had lower scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),as well as shorter recovery times for gastrointestinal function and food intake,and a shorter hospital stay compared to the control group.Additionally,the observation group had higher scores on the Quality-of-Life Instrument for Cancer Patients-Ovarian Cancer(QLICP-OV)than the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The overall satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing quantitative evaluation nursing interventions based on the Kano model for patients with early-stage ovarian cancer after laparoscopic radical surgery can,by addressing their postoperative basic health,disease awareness,and other intervention content needs to a comprehensive degree,actively promote postoperative recovery and improve their mental health and quality of life.
文摘Based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the patients with types I,II,and III can undergo radical resection in the absence of extensive intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion[1].Depending on the scope of tumor invasion in bile duct,a combined resection of parts of the liver,hepatic ducts,common bile ducts,regional lymph nodes,and even parts of the duodenum and pancreas is necessary,along with biliary and gastrointestinal reconstructions[2].The surgical plan is complex,involving a large resection area and significant trauma.In recent years,laparoscopic or robot assisted radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has been applied clinically[3,4].With the advanced laparoscopic equipment,many patients undergo hepatopancreatoduodenectomy successfully[5].The limitations of traditional laparoscopic techniques restrict their wide application in clinical practice.However,the Da Vinci robot has been widely applied due to its clear field of vision and flexible manipulation.However,its utilization in hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still relatively rare.Here,we report a case with hilar cholangiocarcinoma at clinical stage IIIb who underwent robot-assisted hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy.
