Luminescent radicals have attracted extensive attention due to the unique emission properties from the doublet spin state.However,luminescent radicals are predominantly chloroarylmethyl radicals that emit light in the...Luminescent radicals have attracted extensive attention due to the unique emission properties from the doublet spin state.However,luminescent radicals are predominantly chloroarylmethyl radicals that emit light in the red and near-infrared spectral regions,and the blue emitting radicals remain scarcely reported.Herein,two novel boron-containing dioxoborocyclic blue-luminescent radicals were designed and synthesized by combining dioxoborocyclic radicals with thiophene units.They were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectroscopy,electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that both radicals 3a and 3b emit blue light from the anti-Kasha emission attributed to the effective suppression of IC pathways.Our work offers definitive proof that the boron-containing radical system functions as a highly efficient platform for expanding the diversity of short-wavelength emissive radicals.展开更多
The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types ...The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types of Smiles rearrangement,the radical-type variant has emerged as a more powerful,mild,efficient,and modern synthetic technique compared to its traditional ionic counterpart.This approach excels in generating new(hetero)aromatic migration products,enabling significant advancements in recent years.This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress,since 2016,in the development and application of radical Smiles rearrangement in organic chemistry.Special attention is paid to novel transformations achieved through photochemical,electrochemical,and transition metal catalysis methods.展开更多
Background:The Da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System(Da Vinci-SP),introduced by Intuitive(CA,USA)in 2018 in the USA and in 2024 in Europe,integrates advanced features like a flexible camera and articulating instruments....Background:The Da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System(Da Vinci-SP),introduced by Intuitive(CA,USA)in 2018 in the USA and in 2024 in Europe,integrates advanced features like a flexible camera and articulating instruments.It has garnered significant interest in urology.Our report presents the first described European series of Radical Prostatectomies using the Da Vinci SP at the leading Italian center,Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli,IRCCS“G.Pascale”Foundation,detailing the technical differences and challenges faced by experienced multiport robotic surgeons.Methods:Sixteen patients have been enrolled and underwent Single-Port(SP)Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy(SP-RARP).Baseline characteristics of the patients were collected.We provided a step-by-step description of the surgical technique.Oncological outcomes have been evaluated and compared with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and biopsy results.Intraoperative,perioperative,and postoperative complications,surgical outcomes,functional outcomes,and technical issues of the new system were also documented.Results:All surgeries were successfully performed without the need for conversion.An extraperitoneal approach was used for all patients.Median Console time was 110 min.No complications were reported.The estimated median blood loss was 175 cc.Discharge from the hospital was on the first post-operative day for all patients.Bladder catheter removal was on day 7 without the need for cystography.Conclusions:We presented the first European case series of SP-RARP,reporting our experience and confirming the procedure’s feasibility for a highly experienced robotic surgeon.Experience with an extraperitoneal approach using the multiport(MP)platform,combined with well-conducted training for the SP system,may facilitate the transition to SP surgery.Further procedures and studies are needed to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes.展开更多
Non-naturalα-amino acids(α-AAs)are pivotal in drug and catalysis,yet their synthesis remains challenges.A photocatalytic strategy for the direct construction of N-heteroaryl-containingα-AAs from heteroaryl aldehyde...Non-naturalα-amino acids(α-AAs)are pivotal in drug and catalysis,yet their synthesis remains challenges.A photocatalytic strategy for the direct construction of N-heteroaryl-containingα-AAs from heteroaryl aldehydes via acyl radical intermediates is reported.This method exhibits exceptional functional group tolerance and enables late-stage diversification of peptides and carbonyl-group derivatization.Mechanistic studies confirm a radical-based pathway,while applications in peptide modification highlight its utility in bioorganic chemistry.展开更多
Selective depression of pyrite remains a major bottleneck in copper flotation,particularly when high-pyrite ores are processed and saline water is used.In such environments,conventional approaches using lime and inert...Selective depression of pyrite remains a major bottleneck in copper flotation,particularly when high-pyrite ores are processed and saline water is used.In such environments,conventional approaches using lime and inert grinding media often fail to discriminate ef-fectively between pyrite and valuable copper minerals due to strong copper activation on pyrite surfaces.This study introduced a novel approach using inorganic radicals generated from peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to selectively oxidize and depress pyrite.Flotation tests with synthetic high-pyrite ore blends showed that PMS significantly reduced pyrite recovery while maintaining or improving chalcopyrite flot-ation.Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction confirmed selective oxidation of pyrite,and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy identified hydroxyl(·OH)and sulfate(SO_(4)^(·-))radicals as the dominant reactive species.Iron ions from grinding me-dia and mineral surfaces were identified as key activators of PMS.A major insight was pyrite’s dual role,acting both as a radical scav-enger and an activator,which made it highly reactive and susceptible to radical-induced oxidation.This process converted surface copper-sulfur species into copper hydroxides,effectively suppressing pyrite flotation.While previous studies have applied EPR to detect radicals in simplified activator/precursor systems,this study provides the first direct mechanistic evidence of radical-driven selectivity in flotation by detecting inorganic radicals in a complex flotation slurry,thereby demonstrating their persistence under industrially relevant conditions and establishing a foundation for more effective and targeted flotation strategies.展开更多
The spin-sensitive nature of redox reactions in energy conversion systems,such as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for enhancing catalytic efficiency.Magnetic ...The spin-sensitive nature of redox reactions in energy conversion systems,such as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for enhancing catalytic efficiency.Magnetic fields(MFs)have been proposed to enhance OER performance by influencing the spin states of oxygen intermediates.However,prior study has predominantly focused on MF effects mediated by the intrinsic magnetic properties of electrocatalysts or magnetohydrodynamics.In this work,we report a universal enhancement in OER activity,achieving over 150% increase in current density under a200 mT MF across diamagnetic,paramagnetic and magnetic electrocatalysts in 1 M KOH.Through systematic investigation of MF orientation and strength,pH,applied potentials,and the use of benzoquinone radical scavenger,we demonstrate that MF-driven performance improvements arise from direct modulation of oxygen radical spin states.Specifically,MFs promote the formation of spin-triplet oxygen intermediates(↑O–O↑),a critical step for O–O bond formation,independent of the catalyst's intrinsic magnetism.However,the local magnetic environment near the catalyst surface,governed by its magnetic properties,indirectly influences radical spin dynamics by alternating the effective field experienced by intermediates.These findings redefine the role of spin manipulation in electrocatalysis,advancing understanding of MF-driven spin effects in redox reactions.展开更多
Radical cycloaddition reactions(RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo-and heterocycles,which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and...Radical cycloaddition reactions(RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo-and heterocycles,which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and hold significant potential for applications in medicinal chemistry.Radical-mediated cycloaddition strategies,which recycle radical character,are particularly appealing because they require only a catalytic amount of reagent and promise reactions with theoretically high atom economy.This review focuses on recent developments and synthetic applications in RCRs,with an emphasis on visible lightinduced radical photocycloaddition reactions(RPCRs),transition metal-catalyzed approaches,and small molecule-catalyzed methods.By highlighting some outstanding innovations and addressing current challenges,this review aims to identify potential areas for improvement.These advancements will provide more efficient pathways for the synthesis of natural product molecules and offer valuable insights for the development of new synthetic methodologies.展开更多
Halogens are common in industrial thermal processes and can induce formation of toxic organic pollutants.Currently,the specific effects of coexisting halogens on toxic pollutant formation are unclear.In this study,we ...Halogens are common in industrial thermal processes and can induce formation of toxic organic pollutants.Currently,the specific effects of coexisting halogens on toxic pollutant formation are unclear.In this study,we found the boosting effects of halogens on organic pollutants formation during thermal processes.In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to distinguish the organic free radical intermediates of organic pollutants during thermal processes.The pure chlorine-containing reaction system dominantly induce the formation of highly chlorinated phenoxy radicals,whereas the pure bromine-containing reaction system induce the formation of semiquinone radicals.The results provide clear evidence for the molecular mechanisms by which halogen coexistence boosts pollutants formation.Coexisting halogens made the reactions much more complex.Bromine atom radicals(Br·)can enhance the level of active chlorine atoms radicals(Cl·),then(1)facilitating highly chlorinated organic radicals and toxic pollutants formation,(2)activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecules for subsequent ring growth and(3)accelerating oxidation reactions.Combining the identification of organic free radical intermediates and characteristics of products,detailed mechanisms of halogens on the formations of organic pollutants during thermal-related processes were clarified,which can be helpful for their efficient control in the widespread bromines and chlorines co-existence reaction system.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model on the quality of rehabilitation in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer following laparoscopic radica...Objective:To analyze the impact of nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model on the quality of rehabilitation in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer following laparoscopic radical surgery.Methods:A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 96 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage ovarian cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery from December 2023 to December 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to groups using a random number table method before surgery.After surgery,the control group(n=48)received routine quantitative assessment nursing interventions,while the observation group(n=48)received nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model.Both groups received continuous nursing care until discharge.Differences between the groups were compared in terms of negative emotions,quality of life scores before and after postoperative intervention,postoperative recovery indicators,and nursing satisfaction evaluations on the day of discharge.Results:After intervention,the observation group had lower scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),as well as shorter recovery times for gastrointestinal function and food intake,and a shorter hospital stay compared to the control group.Additionally,the observation group had higher scores on the Quality-of-Life Instrument for Cancer Patients-Ovarian Cancer(QLICP-OV)than the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The overall satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing quantitative evaluation nursing interventions based on the Kano model for patients with early-stage ovarian cancer after laparoscopic radical surgery can,by addressing their postoperative basic health,disease awareness,and other intervention content needs to a comprehensive degree,actively promote postoperative recovery and improve their mental health and quality of life.展开更多
Ambient ozone(O_(3))is generated through the reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in sunlight,and the primary sources of RO_(x)radicals play a very important role in O_(3)photochemistry.How...Ambient ozone(O_(3))is generated through the reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in sunlight,and the primary sources of RO_(x)radicals play a very important role in O_(3)photochemistry.However,as major precursors of RO_(x)radicals,the systematical evaluation of ClNO_(2),HCHO,and HONO impacts on O_(3)photochemistry remains limited.Here,we utilized the observations of ClNO_(2),HCHO,and HONO conducted in a coastal city of Southeast China during a photochemical O_(3)pollution episode,combined with model simulations to elucidate their impacts on RO_(x)radicals and atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC),as well as O_(3)formation.Decreased concentrations of ClNO_(2)and HONO were observed after sunrise,while HCHO concentrations peaked in the daytime.HCHO photolysis contributed the largest(∼25%)to RO_(x)radical production around noon,while HONO photolysis(∼47%)dominated RO_(x)radical production in the morning and late afternoon,and VOCs consumed by Cl radical released via ClNO_(2)photolysis was more important(∼10%)in the early morning,similar to their effects on the AOC levels.The results of model simulations indicated that HCHO photolysis greatly enhanced the photochemical formation of O_(3),followed by HONO and ClNO_(2)photolysis.Except for reducing VOCs due to a VOC-limited regime,the impacts of HCHO photolysis as primary RO_(x)sources should be valued to inhibit the intensification of O_(3)pollution.Our study stressed the importance of primary RO_(x)sources for O_(3)photochemistry in coastal regions,provided new insights into elucidating the self-purifying effect of the atmospheric environment.展开更多
Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization(O-ATRP)is a pivotal technique for the synthesis of polymers with well-defined structures that are devoid of metallic residues.A major challenge in this area is the ...Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization(O-ATRP)is a pivotal technique for the synthesis of polymers with well-defined structures that are devoid of metallic residues.A major challenge in this area is the reduction of catalyst loading while maintaining precise control over polymer architecture and properties.Herein,we systematically evaluate the efficacy of six pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline(pyzPhen)-based photoredox catalysts in photoinduced O-ATRP.Experimental results indicate that the introduction of various substituents markedly influences the photophysical properties and redox behavior of the catalysts,thereby resulting in differing catalytic efficiencies in the O-ATRP of methyl methacrylate(MMA).Following additional optimization,two highly efficient O-ATRP photocatalysts capable of exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)were successfully identified.Under visible light irradiation,TADF catalysts effectively mediated the controlled polymerization of MMA at a low loading level of 50 ppm,particularly when used in conjunction with the initiator DBMM.The catalytic systems demonstrate excellent temporal control,broad monomer applicability,and favorable compatibility with various initiators and solvent systems.This work offers new insights into the development of efficient,low-catalyst-loading,metal-free ATRP systems.展开更多
Radical prostatectomy is a commonly used surgical method in cases of localized prostate cancer.In recent years,with the advent of new medical technologies and surgical techniques,the evolution of radical prostatectomy...Radical prostatectomy is a commonly used surgical method in cases of localized prostate cancer.In recent years,with the advent of new medical technologies and surgical techniques,the evolution of radical prostatectomy has revolutionized,especially in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).The evolution of surgical approaches for radical prostatectomy has occurred in three stages:open surgery,laparoscopic intervention,and robot-assisted surgery.Regarding the functional recovery of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy or RARP,with the improvement of disease conditions,oncological prognosis of patients was not compromised.Particularly,RARP boasts distinguished novel techniques and approaches for maintaining urinary continence and sexual function in the short-and long-term.In addition,studies in the last two decades have shown its correlation with decreasing postoperative morbidity.In this paper,the available literatures related to the surgical approaches ranging from open surgery to RARP were reviewed,the superiority of any novel procedure was analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages among the three modalities were compared,hoping to provide guidance to urologists when considering surgical approaches in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.展开更多
Oxalic acid salts(oxalate)were recently developed as C1 synthon,potent single-electron-transfer(SET)reductant,and hole scavengers via generation of CO_(2) and CO_(2) radical anion(CO_(2)·^(-))under mild photochem...Oxalic acid salts(oxalate)were recently developed as C1 synthon,potent single-electron-transfer(SET)reductant,and hole scavengers via generation of CO_(2) and CO_(2) radical anion(CO_(2)·^(-))under mild photochemical conditions.A series of challenging reductive transformations were realized with oxalic dianion under catalytic photoredox conditions or through an electron-donor-acceptor(EDA)complex formation process.As a chemical intermediate for carbon capture and utilization(also a cheap and readily available reagent),oxalate salts could release one electron easily(E_(ox)=+0.06 V vs.SCE)via visible-light irradiation to give CO_(2) and CO_(2)·^(-) and therefore opened a new arena for reductive carboxylation reactions with highly expanded reaction diversity and chemical space to realize challenging C-X bond activation,alkenes cross coupling,and reductive carboxylation of unsaturated chemical bonds in a more sustainable and efficient way.This review features the recently developed aspects with oxalate salts and also an outlook for its further application in organic radical transformations.展开更多
Objective:Radical prostatectomy(RP)is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa).All patients undergoing RP,either open,laparoscopic,or robotic,are at risk of developing ur...Objective:Radical prostatectomy(RP)is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa).All patients undergoing RP,either open,laparoscopic,or robotic,are at risk of developing urinary incontinence after RP.Our study aimed to analyze possible predictors of early postoperative(within 3 months)urinary continence(UC)outcomes following extraperitoneal single-site robot-assisted RP(ss-RARP)for localized PCa.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data from 113 patients with localized PCa who were operated on by a highly experienced surgeon between September 2022 and December 2023.Patient characteristics(age,body mass index,prostate volume,prostate dimensions,preoperative and postoperative membranous urethral length,and percentage of membranous urethra removed)were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the independent factors contributing to short-term UC recovery after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.From the time of urinary catheter removal after surgery,the recovery of UC was followed up every month,and UC was defined as using≤1 safety pad daily,known as social continence.Results:The proportions of continent patients immediately after urinary catheter removal,1 month,and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP were 22%,49%,and 82%,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of membranous urethra removed(p=0.016)and prostate volume(p=0.049)were associated with social UC recovery immediately after urinary catheter removal,and craniocaudal dimension of the prostate(p=0.042)and age(p=0.014)were associated with social UC recovery 1 month and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP,respectively.Conclusion:The percentage of membranous urethra removed,prostate volume,craniocaudal dimension of the prostate,and age are independent risk factors for social UC early after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.展开更多
The significant role of square root mapping in probability,statistics,physics,architecture and engineering motivates us to emphasize on a new radical functional equation arising from a square root and reciprocal squar...The significant role of square root mapping in probability,statistics,physics,architecture and engineering motivates us to emphasize on a new radical functional equation arising from a square root and reciprocal square root mappings.The interesting attribute of this equation is that it has both a square root mapping and a reciprocal square root mapping as solutions.We establish that the hyperstabilities of this equation exist using a fixed point alternative theorem.It is also demonstrated with an example that the stability may fail in special cases.展开更多
Harnessing bacteria for superoxide production in bioremediation holds immense promise,yet its practical application is hindered by slow production rates and the relatively weak redox potential of superoxide.This study...Harnessing bacteria for superoxide production in bioremediation holds immense promise,yet its practical application is hindered by slow production rates and the relatively weak redox potential of superoxide.This study delves into a cost-effective approach to amplify superoxide production using an Arthrobacter strain,a prevalent soil bacterial genus.Our research reveals that introducing a carbon source along with specific iron-binding ligands,including deferoxamine(DFO),diethylenetriamine pentaacetate(DTPA),citrate,and oxalate,robustly augments microbial superoxide generation.Moreover,our findings suggest that these iron-binding ligands play a pivotal role in converting superoxide into hydroxyl radicals by modulating the electron transfer rate between Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)and superoxide.Remarkably,among the tested ligands,only DTPA emerges as a potent promoter of this conversion process when complexed with Fe(Ⅲ).We identify an optimal Fe(Ⅲ)to DTPA ratio of approximately 1:1 for enhancing hydroxyl radical production within the Arthrobacter culture.This research underscores the efficacy of simultaneously introducing carbon sources and DTPA in facilitating superoxide production and its subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals,significantly elevating bioremediation performance.Furthermore,our study reveals that DTPA augments superoxide production in cultures of diverse soils,with various soil microorganisms beyond Arthrobacter identified as contributors to superoxide generation.This emphasizes the universal applicability of DTPA across multiple bacterial genera.In conclusion,our study introduces a promising methodology for enhancing microbial superoxide production and its conversion into hydroxyl radicals.These findings hold substantial implications for the deployment of microbial reactive oxygen species in bioremediation,offering innovative solutions for addressing environmental contamination challenges.展开更多
This article explored the application of dexmedetomidine(Dex),a highly selective alpha-2 agonist,in managing postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients undergoing radical colon cancer surgery.Aging i...This article explored the application of dexmedetomidine(Dex),a highly selective alpha-2 agonist,in managing postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients undergoing radical colon cancer surgery.Aging is associated with a progressive decline in physiological functions and an increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes,including POCD,which encompasses many neurocognitive disorders that manifest during the perioperative period.The aging population is at a higher risk for POCD,which can lead to prolonged hospital stays,delayed recovery,and increased healthcare costs.Dex has neuroprotective,opioid-sparing,and sympatholytic properties,which reduces the incidence and severity of POCD.Dex was introduced for sedation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation but has since been adopted in anesthesia due to its multifaceted benefits.Its appli-cation extends to sedation,analgesia,maintenance of anesthesia,and controlling delirium.Its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects have been explored in managing POCD.This article discussed the broad range of patient and procedure-related risk factors for POCD.Early identification and intervention are crucial to prevent the progression of POCD,which can have severe physical,psychological,and economic consequences.The article underscored the importance of a mul-tidisciplinary approach in managing POCD,involving the optimization of comor-bidities,depth of anesthesia monitoring,hemodynamic stability,and cerebral oxygenation monitoring.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern.Radical gastrectomy is the primary curative treatment.Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer,i...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern.Radical gastrectomy is the primary curative treatment.Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer,including radical gastrectomy.Previous studies have suggested that diabetes can negatively affect postoperative outcomes,such as wound healing,infection rates,and overall recovery.However,the specific impact of diabetes on recovery after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains poorly understood.evaluate the influence of diabetes on postope-rative recovery,including hospital stay duration,complications,and readmission rates,in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Understanding these effects could help optimize perioperative management and improve patient out-comes.gastric cancer and associated postoperative outcomes.METHODS This retrospective cohort study was performed at the Endocrinology Department of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China.We examined patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for cancer between January 2010 and December 2020.The patients were divided into the diabetes and non-diabetes groups.The main outcomes included length of hospital stay,postoperative com-plications,and 30-day readmission rate.Secondary outcomes included quality of life indicators.Propensity score matching was used to adjust for potential con-founding factors.RESULTS A total of 1210 patients were included in the study,with 302 diabetic patients and 908 non-diabetic patients.After propensity score matching,280 patients were included in each group.Diabetic patients demonstrated significantly longer hospital stays(mean difference 2.3 days,95%CI:1.7-2.9,P<0.001)and higher rates of postoperative complications(OR 1.68,95%CI:1.32-2.14,P<0.001).The 30-day readmission rate was also higher in the diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group(12.5%vs 7.8%,P=0.02).CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer experience prolonged hospital stay,increased postoperative complications,and higher readmission rates,thus requiring optimized perioperative management strategies.展开更多
Hydroxyl radical(·OH)formation from Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing clay mineral oxygenation in the shallow subsurface has been well documented under moderate environmental conditions.However,the impact of freezing processes on t...Hydroxyl radical(·OH)formation from Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing clay mineral oxygenation in the shallow subsurface has been well documented under moderate environmental conditions.However,the impact of freezing processes on the·OH production capability of Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing clay minerals for organic contaminant degradation,particularly in seasonally frozen soils,remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the influence of pre-freezing durations on the mineral proprieties,·OH production,and phenol degradation during the oxygenation of reduced Fe-rich nontronite(rNAu-2)and Fe-poor montmorillonite(rSWy-3).During the freezing process of reduced clay minerals(1 mM Fe(Ⅱ)),the content of edge surface Fe and Fe(Ⅱ)decreased by up to 46%and 58%,respectively,followed by a slight increased as clay mineral particles aggregated and subsequently partially disaggregated.As the edge surface Fe(Ⅱ)is effective in O_(2) activation but less effective in the transformation of H_(2)O_(2) to·OH,the redistribution of edge surface Fe(Ⅱ)leads to that·OH production and phenol degradation increased initially and then decreased with pre-freezing durations ranging from 0 to 20 days.Moreover,the rate constants of phenol degradation for both the rapid and slow reaction phases also first increase and then decrease with freezing time.However,pre-freezing significantly influenced the rapid phase of phenol degradation by rNAu-2 but affected the slow phase by rSWy-3 due to the much higher edge-surface Fe(Ⅱ)content in rNAu-2.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of·OH production and contaminant degradation during the freeze-thaw processes in clay-rich soils.展开更多
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs)constitute a vast and diverse family of bioactive peptides.These peptides,synthesized by ribosomes and subsequently modified by various tailorin...Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs)constitute a vast and diverse family of bioactive peptides.These peptides,synthesized by ribosomes and subsequently modified by various tailoring enzymes,possess a wide chemical space.Among these modifications,radical S-adenosylmethionine(rSAM)enzymes employ unique radical chemistry to introduce a variety of novel peptide structures,which are crucial for their activity.This review examines the major types of modifications in RiPPs catalyzed by rSAM enzymes,incorporating recent advancements in protein structure analysis techniques and computational methods.Additionally,it elucidates the diverse catalytic mechanisms and substrate selectivity of these enzymes through an analysis of the latest crystal structures.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22231005)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0610000)。
文摘Luminescent radicals have attracted extensive attention due to the unique emission properties from the doublet spin state.However,luminescent radicals are predominantly chloroarylmethyl radicals that emit light in the red and near-infrared spectral regions,and the blue emitting radicals remain scarcely reported.Herein,two novel boron-containing dioxoborocyclic blue-luminescent radicals were designed and synthesized by combining dioxoborocyclic radicals with thiophene units.They were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectroscopy,electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that both radicals 3a and 3b emit blue light from the anti-Kasha emission attributed to the effective suppression of IC pathways.Our work offers definitive proof that the boron-containing radical system functions as a highly efficient platform for expanding the diversity of short-wavelength emissive radicals.
基金Financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for Gannan Medical University(No.QD202429)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171206)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ23B020001)Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(No.2023R5244)Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University(No.2020ZD04).
文摘The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types of Smiles rearrangement,the radical-type variant has emerged as a more powerful,mild,efficient,and modern synthetic technique compared to its traditional ionic counterpart.This approach excels in generating new(hetero)aromatic migration products,enabling significant advancements in recent years.This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress,since 2016,in the development and application of radical Smiles rearrangement in organic chemistry.Special attention is paid to novel transformations achieved through photochemical,electrochemical,and transition metal catalysis methods.
文摘Background:The Da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System(Da Vinci-SP),introduced by Intuitive(CA,USA)in 2018 in the USA and in 2024 in Europe,integrates advanced features like a flexible camera and articulating instruments.It has garnered significant interest in urology.Our report presents the first described European series of Radical Prostatectomies using the Da Vinci SP at the leading Italian center,Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli,IRCCS“G.Pascale”Foundation,detailing the technical differences and challenges faced by experienced multiport robotic surgeons.Methods:Sixteen patients have been enrolled and underwent Single-Port(SP)Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy(SP-RARP).Baseline characteristics of the patients were collected.We provided a step-by-step description of the surgical technique.Oncological outcomes have been evaluated and compared with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and biopsy results.Intraoperative,perioperative,and postoperative complications,surgical outcomes,functional outcomes,and technical issues of the new system were also documented.Results:All surgeries were successfully performed without the need for conversion.An extraperitoneal approach was used for all patients.Median Console time was 110 min.No complications were reported.The estimated median blood loss was 175 cc.Discharge from the hospital was on the first post-operative day for all patients.Bladder catheter removal was on day 7 without the need for cystography.Conclusions:We presented the first European case series of SP-RARP,reporting our experience and confirming the procedure’s feasibility for a highly experienced robotic surgeon.Experience with an extraperitoneal approach using the multiport(MP)platform,combined with well-conducted training for the SP system,may facilitate the transition to SP surgery.Further procedures and studies are needed to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes.
文摘Non-naturalα-amino acids(α-AAs)are pivotal in drug and catalysis,yet their synthesis remains challenges.A photocatalytic strategy for the direct construction of N-heteroaryl-containingα-AAs from heteroaryl aldehydes via acyl radical intermediates is reported.This method exhibits exceptional functional group tolerance and enables late-stage diversification of peptides and carbonyl-group derivatization.Mechanistic studies confirm a radical-based pathway,while applications in peptide modification highlight its utility in bioorganic chemistry.
基金support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)Linkage Project(No.LP230100166).
文摘Selective depression of pyrite remains a major bottleneck in copper flotation,particularly when high-pyrite ores are processed and saline water is used.In such environments,conventional approaches using lime and inert grinding media often fail to discriminate ef-fectively between pyrite and valuable copper minerals due to strong copper activation on pyrite surfaces.This study introduced a novel approach using inorganic radicals generated from peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to selectively oxidize and depress pyrite.Flotation tests with synthetic high-pyrite ore blends showed that PMS significantly reduced pyrite recovery while maintaining or improving chalcopyrite flot-ation.Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction confirmed selective oxidation of pyrite,and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy identified hydroxyl(·OH)and sulfate(SO_(4)^(·-))radicals as the dominant reactive species.Iron ions from grinding me-dia and mineral surfaces were identified as key activators of PMS.A major insight was pyrite’s dual role,acting both as a radical scav-enger and an activator,which made it highly reactive and susceptible to radical-induced oxidation.This process converted surface copper-sulfur species into copper hydroxides,effectively suppressing pyrite flotation.While previous studies have applied EPR to detect radicals in simplified activator/precursor systems,this study provides the first direct mechanistic evidence of radical-driven selectivity in flotation by detecting inorganic radicals in a complex flotation slurry,thereby demonstrating their persistence under industrially relevant conditions and establishing a foundation for more effective and targeted flotation strategies.
基金supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education through MOE Tier 2 grant(MOE-T2EP10223-0006)the Australia Research Council(DP190100150,DE250100232)+2 种基金Singapore-International Synchrotron Access Programme(SG-SAP)the funding support from the RIE 2025 Industry Alignment FundIndustry Collaboration Projects(IAF-ICP)(Award I2301E0023),administered by A*STARsupported by Nanofilm Technologies International Limited。
文摘The spin-sensitive nature of redox reactions in energy conversion systems,such as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for enhancing catalytic efficiency.Magnetic fields(MFs)have been proposed to enhance OER performance by influencing the spin states of oxygen intermediates.However,prior study has predominantly focused on MF effects mediated by the intrinsic magnetic properties of electrocatalysts or magnetohydrodynamics.In this work,we report a universal enhancement in OER activity,achieving over 150% increase in current density under a200 mT MF across diamagnetic,paramagnetic and magnetic electrocatalysts in 1 M KOH.Through systematic investigation of MF orientation and strength,pH,applied potentials,and the use of benzoquinone radical scavenger,we demonstrate that MF-driven performance improvements arise from direct modulation of oxygen radical spin states.Specifically,MFs promote the formation of spin-triplet oxygen intermediates(↑O–O↑),a critical step for O–O bond formation,independent of the catalyst's intrinsic magnetism.However,the local magnetic environment near the catalyst surface,governed by its magnetic properties,indirectly influences radical spin dynamics by alternating the effective field experienced by intermediates.These findings redefine the role of spin manipulation in electrocatalysis,advancing understanding of MF-driven spin effects in redox reactions.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22150410339,W2432012,22301237 and 22171218)the Ministry of Science and Technology China (No.wgxz2022188) is greatly acknowledged。
文摘Radical cycloaddition reactions(RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo-and heterocycles,which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and hold significant potential for applications in medicinal chemistry.Radical-mediated cycloaddition strategies,which recycle radical character,are particularly appealing because they require only a catalytic amount of reagent and promise reactions with theoretically high atom economy.This review focuses on recent developments and synthetic applications in RCRs,with an emphasis on visible lightinduced radical photocycloaddition reactions(RPCRs),transition metal-catalyzed approaches,and small molecule-catalyzed methods.By highlighting some outstanding innovations and addressing current challenges,this review aims to identify potential areas for improvement.These advancements will provide more efficient pathways for the synthesis of natural product molecules and offer valuable insights for the development of new synthetic methodologies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376204,22076201 and 92143201)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB0750400,XDB0750100 and XDB0750000)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019 QZKK0605).
文摘Halogens are common in industrial thermal processes and can induce formation of toxic organic pollutants.Currently,the specific effects of coexisting halogens on toxic pollutant formation are unclear.In this study,we found the boosting effects of halogens on organic pollutants formation during thermal processes.In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to distinguish the organic free radical intermediates of organic pollutants during thermal processes.The pure chlorine-containing reaction system dominantly induce the formation of highly chlorinated phenoxy radicals,whereas the pure bromine-containing reaction system induce the formation of semiquinone radicals.The results provide clear evidence for the molecular mechanisms by which halogen coexistence boosts pollutants formation.Coexisting halogens made the reactions much more complex.Bromine atom radicals(Br·)can enhance the level of active chlorine atoms radicals(Cl·),then(1)facilitating highly chlorinated organic radicals and toxic pollutants formation,(2)activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecules for subsequent ring growth and(3)accelerating oxidation reactions.Combining the identification of organic free radical intermediates and characteristics of products,detailed mechanisms of halogens on the formations of organic pollutants during thermal-related processes were clarified,which can be helpful for their efficient control in the widespread bromines and chlorines co-existence reaction system.
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model on the quality of rehabilitation in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer following laparoscopic radical surgery.Methods:A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 96 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage ovarian cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery from December 2023 to December 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to groups using a random number table method before surgery.After surgery,the control group(n=48)received routine quantitative assessment nursing interventions,while the observation group(n=48)received nursing interventions based on quantitative assessment using the Kano model.Both groups received continuous nursing care until discharge.Differences between the groups were compared in terms of negative emotions,quality of life scores before and after postoperative intervention,postoperative recovery indicators,and nursing satisfaction evaluations on the day of discharge.Results:After intervention,the observation group had lower scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),as well as shorter recovery times for gastrointestinal function and food intake,and a shorter hospital stay compared to the control group.Additionally,the observation group had higher scores on the Quality-of-Life Instrument for Cancer Patients-Ovarian Cancer(QLICP-OV)than the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The overall satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing quantitative evaluation nursing interventions based on the Kano model for patients with early-stage ovarian cancer after laparoscopic radical surgery can,by addressing their postoperative basic health,disease awareness,and other intervention content needs to a comprehensive degree,actively promote postoperative recovery and improve their mental health and quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(No.U22A20578)the guiding project of seizing the commanding heights of“self-purifying city”(No.IUE-CERAE-202402)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(No.2022L3025)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC3700304)the STS Plan Supporting Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Fujian Province(No.2023T3013)Xiamen Atmospheric Environment Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province.
文摘Ambient ozone(O_(3))is generated through the reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in sunlight,and the primary sources of RO_(x)radicals play a very important role in O_(3)photochemistry.However,as major precursors of RO_(x)radicals,the systematical evaluation of ClNO_(2),HCHO,and HONO impacts on O_(3)photochemistry remains limited.Here,we utilized the observations of ClNO_(2),HCHO,and HONO conducted in a coastal city of Southeast China during a photochemical O_(3)pollution episode,combined with model simulations to elucidate their impacts on RO_(x)radicals and atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC),as well as O_(3)formation.Decreased concentrations of ClNO_(2)and HONO were observed after sunrise,while HCHO concentrations peaked in the daytime.HCHO photolysis contributed the largest(∼25%)to RO_(x)radical production around noon,while HONO photolysis(∼47%)dominated RO_(x)radical production in the morning and late afternoon,and VOCs consumed by Cl radical released via ClNO_(2)photolysis was more important(∼10%)in the early morning,similar to their effects on the AOC levels.The results of model simulations indicated that HCHO photolysis greatly enhanced the photochemical formation of O_(3),followed by HONO and ClNO_(2)photolysis.Except for reducing VOCs due to a VOC-limited regime,the impacts of HCHO photolysis as primary RO_(x)sources should be valued to inhibit the intensification of O_(3)pollution.Our study stressed the importance of primary RO_(x)sources for O_(3)photochemistry in coastal regions,provided new insights into elucidating the self-purifying effect of the atmospheric environment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22271044).
文摘Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization(O-ATRP)is a pivotal technique for the synthesis of polymers with well-defined structures that are devoid of metallic residues.A major challenge in this area is the reduction of catalyst loading while maintaining precise control over polymer architecture and properties.Herein,we systematically evaluate the efficacy of six pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline(pyzPhen)-based photoredox catalysts in photoinduced O-ATRP.Experimental results indicate that the introduction of various substituents markedly influences the photophysical properties and redox behavior of the catalysts,thereby resulting in differing catalytic efficiencies in the O-ATRP of methyl methacrylate(MMA).Following additional optimization,two highly efficient O-ATRP photocatalysts capable of exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)were successfully identified.Under visible light irradiation,TADF catalysts effectively mediated the controlled polymerization of MMA at a low loading level of 50 ppm,particularly when used in conjunction with the initiator DBMM.The catalytic systems demonstrate excellent temporal control,broad monomer applicability,and favorable compatibility with various initiators and solvent systems.This work offers new insights into the development of efficient,low-catalyst-loading,metal-free ATRP systems.
文摘Radical prostatectomy is a commonly used surgical method in cases of localized prostate cancer.In recent years,with the advent of new medical technologies and surgical techniques,the evolution of radical prostatectomy has revolutionized,especially in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).The evolution of surgical approaches for radical prostatectomy has occurred in three stages:open surgery,laparoscopic intervention,and robot-assisted surgery.Regarding the functional recovery of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy or RARP,with the improvement of disease conditions,oncological prognosis of patients was not compromised.Particularly,RARP boasts distinguished novel techniques and approaches for maintaining urinary continence and sexual function in the short-and long-term.In addition,studies in the last two decades have shown its correlation with decreasing postoperative morbidity.In this paper,the available literatures related to the surgical approaches ranging from open surgery to RARP were reviewed,the superiority of any novel procedure was analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages among the three modalities were compared,hoping to provide guidance to urologists when considering surgical approaches in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.
基金financially supported by the Jiangsu Province Shuangchuang Ph.D.award(No.JSSCBS20211267,Pei Xu)the Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Universities(No.23KJB150037,Pei Xu)+2 种基金sponsored by the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program(Xu Zhu)the Start-up Funding provided by Xuzhou Medical UniversityThe Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University is also acknowledged。
文摘Oxalic acid salts(oxalate)were recently developed as C1 synthon,potent single-electron-transfer(SET)reductant,and hole scavengers via generation of CO_(2) and CO_(2) radical anion(CO_(2)·^(-))under mild photochemical conditions.A series of challenging reductive transformations were realized with oxalic dianion under catalytic photoredox conditions or through an electron-donor-acceptor(EDA)complex formation process.As a chemical intermediate for carbon capture and utilization(also a cheap and readily available reagent),oxalate salts could release one electron easily(E_(ox)=+0.06 V vs.SCE)via visible-light irradiation to give CO_(2) and CO_(2)·^(-) and therefore opened a new arena for reductive carboxylation reactions with highly expanded reaction diversity and chemical space to realize challenging C-X bond activation,alkenes cross coupling,and reductive carboxylation of unsaturated chemical bonds in a more sustainable and efficient way.This review features the recently developed aspects with oxalate salts and also an outlook for its further application in organic radical transformations.
文摘Objective:Radical prostatectomy(RP)is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa).All patients undergoing RP,either open,laparoscopic,or robotic,are at risk of developing urinary incontinence after RP.Our study aimed to analyze possible predictors of early postoperative(within 3 months)urinary continence(UC)outcomes following extraperitoneal single-site robot-assisted RP(ss-RARP)for localized PCa.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data from 113 patients with localized PCa who were operated on by a highly experienced surgeon between September 2022 and December 2023.Patient characteristics(age,body mass index,prostate volume,prostate dimensions,preoperative and postoperative membranous urethral length,and percentage of membranous urethra removed)were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the independent factors contributing to short-term UC recovery after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.From the time of urinary catheter removal after surgery,the recovery of UC was followed up every month,and UC was defined as using≤1 safety pad daily,known as social continence.Results:The proportions of continent patients immediately after urinary catheter removal,1 month,and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP were 22%,49%,and 82%,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of membranous urethra removed(p=0.016)and prostate volume(p=0.049)were associated with social UC recovery immediately after urinary catheter removal,and craniocaudal dimension of the prostate(p=0.042)and age(p=0.014)were associated with social UC recovery 1 month and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP,respectively.Conclusion:The percentage of membranous urethra removed,prostate volume,craniocaudal dimension of the prostate,and age are independent risk factors for social UC early after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.
基金Supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),India(MTR/2020/000534).
文摘The significant role of square root mapping in probability,statistics,physics,architecture and engineering motivates us to emphasize on a new radical functional equation arising from a square root and reciprocal square root mappings.The interesting attribute of this equation is that it has both a square root mapping and a reciprocal square root mapping as solutions.We establish that the hyperstabilities of this equation exist using a fixed point alternative theorem.It is also demonstrated with an example that the stability may fail in special cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170156,52250056,and 52293443)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD20190929172630447).
文摘Harnessing bacteria for superoxide production in bioremediation holds immense promise,yet its practical application is hindered by slow production rates and the relatively weak redox potential of superoxide.This study delves into a cost-effective approach to amplify superoxide production using an Arthrobacter strain,a prevalent soil bacterial genus.Our research reveals that introducing a carbon source along with specific iron-binding ligands,including deferoxamine(DFO),diethylenetriamine pentaacetate(DTPA),citrate,and oxalate,robustly augments microbial superoxide generation.Moreover,our findings suggest that these iron-binding ligands play a pivotal role in converting superoxide into hydroxyl radicals by modulating the electron transfer rate between Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)and superoxide.Remarkably,among the tested ligands,only DTPA emerges as a potent promoter of this conversion process when complexed with Fe(Ⅲ).We identify an optimal Fe(Ⅲ)to DTPA ratio of approximately 1:1 for enhancing hydroxyl radical production within the Arthrobacter culture.This research underscores the efficacy of simultaneously introducing carbon sources and DTPA in facilitating superoxide production and its subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals,significantly elevating bioremediation performance.Furthermore,our study reveals that DTPA augments superoxide production in cultures of diverse soils,with various soil microorganisms beyond Arthrobacter identified as contributors to superoxide generation.This emphasizes the universal applicability of DTPA across multiple bacterial genera.In conclusion,our study introduces a promising methodology for enhancing microbial superoxide production and its conversion into hydroxyl radicals.These findings hold substantial implications for the deployment of microbial reactive oxygen species in bioremediation,offering innovative solutions for addressing environmental contamination challenges.
文摘This article explored the application of dexmedetomidine(Dex),a highly selective alpha-2 agonist,in managing postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients undergoing radical colon cancer surgery.Aging is associated with a progressive decline in physiological functions and an increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes,including POCD,which encompasses many neurocognitive disorders that manifest during the perioperative period.The aging population is at a higher risk for POCD,which can lead to prolonged hospital stays,delayed recovery,and increased healthcare costs.Dex has neuroprotective,opioid-sparing,and sympatholytic properties,which reduces the incidence and severity of POCD.Dex was introduced for sedation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation but has since been adopted in anesthesia due to its multifaceted benefits.Its appli-cation extends to sedation,analgesia,maintenance of anesthesia,and controlling delirium.Its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects have been explored in managing POCD.This article discussed the broad range of patient and procedure-related risk factors for POCD.Early identification and intervention are crucial to prevent the progression of POCD,which can have severe physical,psychological,and economic consequences.The article underscored the importance of a mul-tidisciplinary approach in managing POCD,involving the optimization of comor-bidities,depth of anesthesia monitoring,hemodynamic stability,and cerebral oxygenation monitoring.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern.Radical gastrectomy is the primary curative treatment.Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer,including radical gastrectomy.Previous studies have suggested that diabetes can negatively affect postoperative outcomes,such as wound healing,infection rates,and overall recovery.However,the specific impact of diabetes on recovery after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains poorly understood.evaluate the influence of diabetes on postope-rative recovery,including hospital stay duration,complications,and readmission rates,in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Understanding these effects could help optimize perioperative management and improve patient out-comes.gastric cancer and associated postoperative outcomes.METHODS This retrospective cohort study was performed at the Endocrinology Department of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China.We examined patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for cancer between January 2010 and December 2020.The patients were divided into the diabetes and non-diabetes groups.The main outcomes included length of hospital stay,postoperative com-plications,and 30-day readmission rate.Secondary outcomes included quality of life indicators.Propensity score matching was used to adjust for potential con-founding factors.RESULTS A total of 1210 patients were included in the study,with 302 diabetic patients and 908 non-diabetic patients.After propensity score matching,280 patients were included in each group.Diabetic patients demonstrated significantly longer hospital stays(mean difference 2.3 days,95%CI:1.7-2.9,P<0.001)and higher rates of postoperative complications(OR 1.68,95%CI:1.32-2.14,P<0.001).The 30-day readmission rate was also higher in the diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group(12.5%vs 7.8%,P=0.02).CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer experience prolonged hospital stay,increased postoperative complications,and higher readmission rates,thus requiring optimized perioperative management strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20591,42077185,42107217)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2022JDJQ0010)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0842)the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(No.SKLGP2020Z002)。
文摘Hydroxyl radical(·OH)formation from Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing clay mineral oxygenation in the shallow subsurface has been well documented under moderate environmental conditions.However,the impact of freezing processes on the·OH production capability of Fe(Ⅱ)-bearing clay minerals for organic contaminant degradation,particularly in seasonally frozen soils,remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the influence of pre-freezing durations on the mineral proprieties,·OH production,and phenol degradation during the oxygenation of reduced Fe-rich nontronite(rNAu-2)and Fe-poor montmorillonite(rSWy-3).During the freezing process of reduced clay minerals(1 mM Fe(Ⅱ)),the content of edge surface Fe and Fe(Ⅱ)decreased by up to 46%and 58%,respectively,followed by a slight increased as clay mineral particles aggregated and subsequently partially disaggregated.As the edge surface Fe(Ⅱ)is effective in O_(2) activation but less effective in the transformation of H_(2)O_(2) to·OH,the redistribution of edge surface Fe(Ⅱ)leads to that·OH production and phenol degradation increased initially and then decreased with pre-freezing durations ranging from 0 to 20 days.Moreover,the rate constants of phenol degradation for both the rapid and slow reaction phases also first increase and then decrease with freezing time.However,pre-freezing significantly influenced the rapid phase of phenol degradation by rNAu-2 but affected the slow phase by rSWy-3 due to the much higher edge-surface Fe(Ⅱ)content in rNAu-2.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of·OH production and contaminant degradation during the freeze-thaw processes in clay-rich soils.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFA0916000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32371324)the High-level Talent Startup Fund provided by China Pharmaceutical University.
文摘Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs)constitute a vast and diverse family of bioactive peptides.These peptides,synthesized by ribosomes and subsequently modified by various tailoring enzymes,possess a wide chemical space.Among these modifications,radical S-adenosylmethionine(rSAM)enzymes employ unique radical chemistry to introduce a variety of novel peptide structures,which are crucial for their activity.This review examines the major types of modifications in RiPPs catalyzed by rSAM enzymes,incorporating recent advancements in protein structure analysis techniques and computational methods.Additionally,it elucidates the diverse catalytic mechanisms and substrate selectivity of these enzymes through an analysis of the latest crystal structures.
