The appearance and hair color between these two subspecies Rattus rattus Sladeni and R.r. Hainanicus are similar to each other. Their most major distinctive characteristic is the length ratio of tail to body. However,...The appearance and hair color between these two subspecies Rattus rattus Sladeni and R.r. Hainanicus are similar to each other. Their most major distinctive characteristic is the length ratio of tail to body. However, this characteristic was unstable in some measuring records. In Guangdong, R.r. Hainanicus is restrictedly distributed in the west region, and R.r. Sladeni is widely distributed in the other regions of this province. In this study, we detected the sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragments of 9 samples from R.r. Hainanicus and R.r. Sladeni (Longmen and Hong Kong populations). These 385 nucleotide positions of 12S rRNA gene fragment include 26 variable sites and 14 parsimony-informative sites. 3 insertion/deletion sites are observed. The phylogenetic relationships among these samples were constructed by Neighbor-joining and Maximum parsimony methods. The analysis shows that R.r. Hainanicus is more closely relative to the Longmen population of R.r. Sladeni than to the Hong Kong population of R.r. Sladeni. The sequencing analysis of 12S rRNA gene fragments is not agreement on the classification of subspecies R. r. Hainanicus inferred from the morphology and geographical distribution. The morphological variation of R.r. Hainanicus should result from the natural selection, which causes local adaptation and geographic isolation.展开更多
As a talented writer who helps revive popular interest in fantastic tales,J.R.R.Tolkien always denies that his books are either allegorical or topical in nature.Nevertheless,many critics find that,particularly because...As a talented writer who helps revive popular interest in fantastic tales,J.R.R.Tolkien always denies that his books are either allegorical or topical in nature.Nevertheless,many critics find that,particularly because The Lord of the Rings was written roughly between 1939 and 1949 and because of Tolkien's own experiences of serving in World War I,the influence of the two World Wars must have been exerted on Tolkien more or less.Although it is not easy for readers to detect obvious evidence of the writer’s attitudes towards war in this trilogy,there are numerous implications,clues,and hints which display Tolkien’s anti-war sentiments.展开更多
Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical culture.Britten was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus crea...Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical culture.Britten was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus creating fascinating connections between different historical and musical contexts.This paper will analyse and show the correlation between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s setting of songs Orpheus Britannicus and the input in the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61.The harmonious language of the songs and different thematic motives and their relationship will be considered.It will demonstrate that Britten’s songs were very much shaped by thematic structure,intervals like could be found in Purcell’s vocal music and they show the parallels between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s songs and the input in the original Britten’s vocal music.The article presents the results of the analysis of a song cycle using the method of musical analysis of Rudolph Réti based on his understanding of a“thematic process”in music.The paper will use the case of Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61(1958)to explain how this cycle is structured.The song cycle will be analysed from the perspective of cyclicity based on Réti’s theory of microtopicality explaining an organic cohesion between architectonics of composition and the parts of a vocalist and a pianist.It is argued that the cyclicity in the song cycle is created through the cross-links between the textual and musical dramaturgic lines and could be sayed about the realizations of Purcell’s Six Songs from Orpheus Britannicus(1943-45).First,the structure of the thematic motives(prime cells)in the setting of Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s Orpheus Britannicus Six Songs will be analysed and the deep connection in cyclicity will be considered.Second,the thematic motives(prime cells)in the realizations that are cross-linked with the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61 will be uncovered.Third,the correlation between the scheme of tonality and the other linkages of the setting of realizations and the vocal cycle will be considered.展开更多
文摘The appearance and hair color between these two subspecies Rattus rattus Sladeni and R.r. Hainanicus are similar to each other. Their most major distinctive characteristic is the length ratio of tail to body. However, this characteristic was unstable in some measuring records. In Guangdong, R.r. Hainanicus is restrictedly distributed in the west region, and R.r. Sladeni is widely distributed in the other regions of this province. In this study, we detected the sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragments of 9 samples from R.r. Hainanicus and R.r. Sladeni (Longmen and Hong Kong populations). These 385 nucleotide positions of 12S rRNA gene fragment include 26 variable sites and 14 parsimony-informative sites. 3 insertion/deletion sites are observed. The phylogenetic relationships among these samples were constructed by Neighbor-joining and Maximum parsimony methods. The analysis shows that R.r. Hainanicus is more closely relative to the Longmen population of R.r. Sladeni than to the Hong Kong population of R.r. Sladeni. The sequencing analysis of 12S rRNA gene fragments is not agreement on the classification of subspecies R. r. Hainanicus inferred from the morphology and geographical distribution. The morphological variation of R.r. Hainanicus should result from the natural selection, which causes local adaptation and geographic isolation.
文摘As a talented writer who helps revive popular interest in fantastic tales,J.R.R.Tolkien always denies that his books are either allegorical or topical in nature.Nevertheless,many critics find that,particularly because The Lord of the Rings was written roughly between 1939 and 1949 and because of Tolkien's own experiences of serving in World War I,the influence of the two World Wars must have been exerted on Tolkien more or less.Although it is not easy for readers to detect obvious evidence of the writer’s attitudes towards war in this trilogy,there are numerous implications,clues,and hints which display Tolkien’s anti-war sentiments.
文摘Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical culture.Britten was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus creating fascinating connections between different historical and musical contexts.This paper will analyse and show the correlation between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s setting of songs Orpheus Britannicus and the input in the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61.The harmonious language of the songs and different thematic motives and their relationship will be considered.It will demonstrate that Britten’s songs were very much shaped by thematic structure,intervals like could be found in Purcell’s vocal music and they show the parallels between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s songs and the input in the original Britten’s vocal music.The article presents the results of the analysis of a song cycle using the method of musical analysis of Rudolph Réti based on his understanding of a“thematic process”in music.The paper will use the case of Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61(1958)to explain how this cycle is structured.The song cycle will be analysed from the perspective of cyclicity based on Réti’s theory of microtopicality explaining an organic cohesion between architectonics of composition and the parts of a vocalist and a pianist.It is argued that the cyclicity in the song cycle is created through the cross-links between the textual and musical dramaturgic lines and could be sayed about the realizations of Purcell’s Six Songs from Orpheus Britannicus(1943-45).First,the structure of the thematic motives(prime cells)in the setting of Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s Orpheus Britannicus Six Songs will be analysed and the deep connection in cyclicity will be considered.Second,the thematic motives(prime cells)in the realizations that are cross-linked with the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61 will be uncovered.Third,the correlation between the scheme of tonality and the other linkages of the setting of realizations and the vocal cycle will be considered.
