为解决氟利昂制冷剂对臭氧层破坏和气候变暖潜能值高的缺陷,基于热管技术,该文设计了一套分离式低温热管蓄冷装置,用新型无氟制冷剂HCR-22替代传统制冷剂R-22,以蓄冷量为指标,研究了2种制冷剂在不同的充液率和冷凝/蒸发段面积比条件下...为解决氟利昂制冷剂对臭氧层破坏和气候变暖潜能值高的缺陷,基于热管技术,该文设计了一套分离式低温热管蓄冷装置,用新型无氟制冷剂HCR-22替代传统制冷剂R-22,以蓄冷量为指标,研究了2种制冷剂在不同的充液率和冷凝/蒸发段面积比条件下的蓄冷效果。试验结果表明:HCR-22用于低温热管的最佳充液率为80%,与R-22相同;热管模组运行70h时,HCR-22和R-22的蓄冷量分别为16230.52和16252.09 k J;最佳充液时,HCR-22用于低温热管的最优冷凝/蒸发段面积比为2.8:1,小于R-22时的3:1;HCR-22与R-22在相变传热中有近乎相同的传热稳定性,但制冷剂的用量仅为R-22的1/3。该研究为新型无氟制冷剂HCR-22替代传统制冷剂R-22提供了依据和技术支持,对低温热管的推广应用提供保障。展开更多
The next step in the transition to environmentally safer refrigerants is phaseout of R-22. It is the most widely used refrigerant, both in the United Statess and on a global basis. Its application range in residential...The next step in the transition to environmentally safer refrigerants is phaseout of R-22. It is the most widely used refrigerant, both in the United Statess and on a global basis. Its application range in residential, commercial, industrial, and transport systems is broader than for any other refrigerant and spans cooling capacities from 2 kW to 33 MW(1/2 to 9,500 refrigeration tons, RT). The specific replacements depend on the applications.展开更多
The blood-brain barrier permeability of 20（S） and 20（R）-protopanaxatriol epimers and dammar-20（22）E,24-diene- 313,6α,12β-triol were investigated using the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The bidirectional pe...The blood-brain barrier permeability of 20（S） and 20（R）-protopanaxatriol epimers and dammar-20（22）E,24-diene- 313,6α,12β-triol were investigated using the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The bidirectional permeability tests were carried out, and the apparent permeability coefficients （Papp） were calculated. The two protopanaxatriol epimers showed good permeability with Papp values of-10^-5 cm/s, whereas dammar-20（22）E,24-diene-3β,6α, 12β-triol showed poor permeability with Papp of 〈1 × 10^-7 cm/s. The three compounds showed differences in intracellular accumulations due to their different structures. Inhibition of P-gp with verapamil showed that the transport mechanisms in MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer for compounds 1 and 2 epimers were not only simple passive diffusion but also involving an effiux way mediated by P-gp. These findings provided new basis for the further study of compounds 1 and 2 acting on the brain.展开更多
文摘为解决氟利昂制冷剂对臭氧层破坏和气候变暖潜能值高的缺陷,基于热管技术,该文设计了一套分离式低温热管蓄冷装置,用新型无氟制冷剂HCR-22替代传统制冷剂R-22,以蓄冷量为指标,研究了2种制冷剂在不同的充液率和冷凝/蒸发段面积比条件下的蓄冷效果。试验结果表明:HCR-22用于低温热管的最佳充液率为80%,与R-22相同;热管模组运行70h时,HCR-22和R-22的蓄冷量分别为16230.52和16252.09 k J;最佳充液时,HCR-22用于低温热管的最优冷凝/蒸发段面积比为2.8:1,小于R-22时的3:1;HCR-22与R-22在相变传热中有近乎相同的传热稳定性,但制冷剂的用量仅为R-22的1/3。该研究为新型无氟制冷剂HCR-22替代传统制冷剂R-22提供了依据和技术支持,对低温热管的推广应用提供保障。
文摘The next step in the transition to environmentally safer refrigerants is phaseout of R-22. It is the most widely used refrigerant, both in the United Statess and on a global basis. Its application range in residential, commercial, industrial, and transport systems is broader than for any other refrigerant and spans cooling capacities from 2 kW to 33 MW(1/2 to 9,500 refrigeration tons, RT). The specific replacements depend on the applications.
基金The National New Drug R&D Program(Grant No.2011BAI07B082009ZX09301-010)of China
文摘The blood-brain barrier permeability of 20（S） and 20（R）-protopanaxatriol epimers and dammar-20（22）E,24-diene- 313,6α,12β-triol were investigated using the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The bidirectional permeability tests were carried out, and the apparent permeability coefficients （Papp） were calculated. The two protopanaxatriol epimers showed good permeability with Papp values of-10^-5 cm/s, whereas dammar-20（22）E,24-diene-3β,6α, 12β-triol showed poor permeability with Papp of 〈1 × 10^-7 cm/s. The three compounds showed differences in intracellular accumulations due to their different structures. Inhibition of P-gp with verapamil showed that the transport mechanisms in MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer for compounds 1 and 2 epimers were not only simple passive diffusion but also involving an effiux way mediated by P-gp. These findings provided new basis for the further study of compounds 1 and 2 acting on the brain.
