R2(4hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid(RHPPA)is a key intermediate for the synthesis of classic herbicides with high selectivity against grassy weed.The main route for RHPPA biosynthesis is to hydroxylate the substrate R2p...R2(4hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid(RHPPA)is a key intermediate for the synthesis of classic herbicides with high selectivity against grassy weed.The main route for RHPPA biosynthesis is to hydroxylate the substrate R2phenoxypropionic acid(RPPA)at C4 position with microbes.In order to provide sufficient RPPA for the industrial production of RHPPA,an effective RPPA synthesis method was established and optimized in this work.The synthesis process mainly consisted of two steps:(1)synthesis of S2chloropropionic acid from Lalanine via diazotization and chlorination reactions;and(2)synthesis of RPPA from S2chloropropionic acid and phenol via etherification reaction.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows:HCl:NaNO_(2):KI:LAla=2.0:1.2:0.7:1.0(in molar),125℃reflux for 1.5 h,with KI as catalyst,and KI:S2chloropropionic acid:phenol=0.075:1.2:1.0(in molar).Under these conditions,an improved molar conversion rate(74.9%,calculated in phenol)was achieved.After extraction using anionic exchange resin Amberlite IRA400(CI),RPPA product with a purity of 95.08%was obtained.The purified RPPA was identified and evaluated in the application of the biotransformative production of RHPPA.The results indicated that the synthesized RPPA supported the RHPPA biosynthesis with a comparable yield as that of the standard RPPA.The RPPA synthesis method provided herein exhibited the advantages of low price and easy availability of raw materials,less toxicity of reagents,simple manipulations,and low equipment/instrument requirements.展开更多
设计了一种新颖的"5+7"分段式结构的R-2R电阻网络。与典型12位R-2R电阻型D/A转换器相比,采用该电阻网络的12位D/A转换器所需并联的MOS开关管数量大为减少,约为前者的1/8,提高了MOS开关管的匹配性。基于2μm SOI CMOS工艺,采用...设计了一种新颖的"5+7"分段式结构的R-2R电阻网络。与典型12位R-2R电阻型D/A转换器相比,采用该电阻网络的12位D/A转换器所需并联的MOS开关管数量大为减少,约为前者的1/8,提高了MOS开关管的匹配性。基于2μm SOI CMOS工艺,采用该R-2R电阻网络结构设计了一款±15V电压供电、双基准、12位四通道的D/A转换器,修调后,该D/A转换器DNL和INL典型值分别为0.15LSB和0.27LSB。展开更多
文摘R2(4hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid(RHPPA)is a key intermediate for the synthesis of classic herbicides with high selectivity against grassy weed.The main route for RHPPA biosynthesis is to hydroxylate the substrate R2phenoxypropionic acid(RPPA)at C4 position with microbes.In order to provide sufficient RPPA for the industrial production of RHPPA,an effective RPPA synthesis method was established and optimized in this work.The synthesis process mainly consisted of two steps:(1)synthesis of S2chloropropionic acid from Lalanine via diazotization and chlorination reactions;and(2)synthesis of RPPA from S2chloropropionic acid and phenol via etherification reaction.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows:HCl:NaNO_(2):KI:LAla=2.0:1.2:0.7:1.0(in molar),125℃reflux for 1.5 h,with KI as catalyst,and KI:S2chloropropionic acid:phenol=0.075:1.2:1.0(in molar).Under these conditions,an improved molar conversion rate(74.9%,calculated in phenol)was achieved.After extraction using anionic exchange resin Amberlite IRA400(CI),RPPA product with a purity of 95.08%was obtained.The purified RPPA was identified and evaluated in the application of the biotransformative production of RHPPA.The results indicated that the synthesized RPPA supported the RHPPA biosynthesis with a comparable yield as that of the standard RPPA.The RPPA synthesis method provided herein exhibited the advantages of low price and easy availability of raw materials,less toxicity of reagents,simple manipulations,and low equipment/instrument requirements.
文摘设计了一种新颖的"5+7"分段式结构的R-2R电阻网络。与典型12位R-2R电阻型D/A转换器相比,采用该电阻网络的12位D/A转换器所需并联的MOS开关管数量大为减少,约为前者的1/8,提高了MOS开关管的匹配性。基于2μm SOI CMOS工艺,采用该R-2R电阻网络结构设计了一款±15V电压供电、双基准、12位四通道的D/A转换器,修调后,该D/A转换器DNL和INL典型值分别为0.15LSB和0.27LSB。
