以新南威尔士州"EAL/D Leadership Program 2014"为例,通过记录其培训的过程和目标,突显澳大利亚中小学教师培训中"以项目带动培训,将培训与实践相结合"、"培训内容来源于教学,实用主义导向明显"、"...以新南威尔士州"EAL/D Leadership Program 2014"为例,通过记录其培训的过程和目标,突显澳大利亚中小学教师培训中"以项目带动培训,将培训与实践相结合"、"培训内容来源于教学,实用主义导向明显"、"培训形式丰富,强调团体意识和合作精神"、以及"收集项目评价反馈,注重培训成果检验"等培训特点,这对当下我国中小学教师培训具有重要的借鉴意义。展开更多
Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Followin...Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Following 20 years of developments, GLP system has already been established in this country. This review firstly evaluated all the institutions in this field, and described the annual number and total number of institutions, the distribution of GLP institutions, the types of GLP institutions, and the service provided by these GLP institutions. Since the initiation of the National Key Technology R＆D Program during the 11 th Five-Year Plan, it had a significant effect on the development of GLP. Therefore, the institutions which have undertaken projects from this program will be introduced later. We also described the infrastructure of hardware and software in GLP institutions along with their faults, such as variation in development and the lack of innovation.展开更多
A motivated finance-major student should master at least one programming language.This is especially true for students from quantitative finance,business analytics,those attending a Master of Science in Finance or oth...A motivated finance-major student should master at least one programming language.This is especially true for students from quantitative finance,business analytics,those attending a Master of Science in Finance or other financial engineering programs.Among the preferred languages,R holds one of the first places.This paper explains seven critical factors for designing and teaching a programming course:strong motivation,a good textbook,hands-on learning environment,being data intensive,a challenging term project,multiple supporting R datasets,and an easy way to upload such R datasets.展开更多
In the Acknowledgements section of this article,the grant number"2020YFE0205900"relating to"National Key R&D Program of China"was missing,it has been included and the corrected Acknowledgements...In the Acknowledgements section of this article,the grant number"2020YFE0205900"relating to"National Key R&D Program of China"was missing,it has been included and the corrected Acknowledgements section is given below.展开更多
In 2023,a multivariate normality test based on a chi-square approximation was developed.This method assumes independence among Gaussian random variables,and defines the test statistic,denoted by Q,as the sum of square...In 2023,a multivariate normality test based on a chi-square approximation was developed.This method assumes independence among Gaussian random variables,and defines the test statistic,denoted by Q,as the sum of squared values.This study aims to develop R scripts that implement the Q-test for mul-tivariate normality using either the Shapiro-Wilk W statistic(QSWa)or the Shapiro-Francia W’statistic(QSFa).A bootstrap version of the Q-test(QSWb and QSFb),which does not assume independence,is also included.Addition-ally,it incorporates Royston’s H-test.The use of the scripts is illustrated with a sample of 50 participants assessed on a variable across four yearly admin-istrations.The sampling distribution generated by the bootstrap method dif-fers from the chi-square distribution and corresponds to a generalized chisquare distribution-namely,the distribution of a sum of squares of correlated variables.This distribution is less peaked and has a heavier right tail than the chi-square distribution.It is concluded that the bootstrap approach is con-servative under the null hypothesis of multivariate normality;however,it is theoretically more appropriate than the chi-square approximation.To ap-proximate the distributions of the two versions of the Q-test,it is recom-mended that the z or z’values set to zero in the calculation of the Q statistic not be subtracted when determining the degrees of freedom in the chi-square approximation.Moreover,a significance level of 10%is suggested for the bootstrap approach,rather than the conventional 5%.展开更多
4D printing technology represents a new generation of additive manufacturing methods that enable three-dimensional(3D)printed structures to change their shapes or properties over time(the fourth dimension)in response ...4D printing technology represents a new generation of additive manufacturing methods that enable three-dimensional(3D)printed structures to change their shapes or properties over time(the fourth dimension)in response to external stimuli such as temperature,magnetic fields,and light.Among the most popular types of 4D-printed structures are thermally responsive bilayer actuators using shape memory polymers,valued for their programmability and convenience.However,achieving precise deformations without collisions is hindered by the nonlinear and time-varying morphing process of these bilayer actuators,which is crucial for creating dynamically controllable shapes on demand in 4D printing.This study presents a rapid and effective design and optimization strategy for 4D printed self-folding structures that can be sequentially and accurately folded.Theoretical analyses were conducted to guide the design of the folding processes.The response surface method(RSM)was used to investigate key parameters affecting the design of 4D-printed bilayer actuators.The results indicate that increasing printing speed enhances internal strain,whereas higher printing temperatures,layer heights,or actuator heights have the opposite effect.The RSM model achieved an R-squared value of 0.983,accurately capturing the coupling effects of these variables on the output responses,thereby enabling controlled timescales for bending motion and sequential folding without collisions.These findings can be applied to enhance the design and acceleration of 4D-printed self-folding structures,ensuring controlled speed of shape transformation.To validate this concept,a self-folding hand-shaped structure with five fingers was designed and fabricated,demonstrating how design and printing parameters can precisely control the timescale of shape changes for each finger based on the design specifications.展开更多
Over the years,Hisense has formed an operation model that integrates production,sales and R&D globally,and built a global collaborative R&D system,which has laid a solid foundation for standardization.Hisense ...Over the years,Hisense has formed an operation model that integrates production,sales and R&D globally,and built a global collaborative R&D system,which has laid a solid foundation for standardization.Hisense keeps including advanced achievements and mature production experience in standards,injecting impetus into the innovation and high-quality development of the industry.展开更多
文摘以新南威尔士州"EAL/D Leadership Program 2014"为例,通过记录其培训的过程和目标,突显澳大利亚中小学教师培训中"以项目带动培训,将培训与实践相结合"、"培训内容来源于教学,实用主义导向明显"、"培训形式丰富,强调团体意识和合作精神"、以及"收集项目评价反馈,注重培训成果检验"等培训特点,这对当下我国中小学教师培训具有重要的借鉴意义。
基金National Special Project Funds(Grant No.2012ZX09302,2013ZX09302)
文摘Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Following 20 years of developments, GLP system has already been established in this country. This review firstly evaluated all the institutions in this field, and described the annual number and total number of institutions, the distribution of GLP institutions, the types of GLP institutions, and the service provided by these GLP institutions. Since the initiation of the National Key Technology R＆D Program during the 11 th Five-Year Plan, it had a significant effect on the development of GLP. Therefore, the institutions which have undertaken projects from this program will be introduced later. We also described the infrastructure of hardware and software in GLP institutions along with their faults, such as variation in development and the lack of innovation.
文摘A motivated finance-major student should master at least one programming language.This is especially true for students from quantitative finance,business analytics,those attending a Master of Science in Finance or other financial engineering programs.Among the preferred languages,R holds one of the first places.This paper explains seven critical factors for designing and teaching a programming course:strong motivation,a good textbook,hands-on learning environment,being data intensive,a challenging term project,multiple supporting R datasets,and an easy way to upload such R datasets.
文摘In the Acknowledgements section of this article,the grant number"2020YFE0205900"relating to"National Key R&D Program of China"was missing,it has been included and the corrected Acknowledgements section is given below.
文摘In 2023,a multivariate normality test based on a chi-square approximation was developed.This method assumes independence among Gaussian random variables,and defines the test statistic,denoted by Q,as the sum of squared values.This study aims to develop R scripts that implement the Q-test for mul-tivariate normality using either the Shapiro-Wilk W statistic(QSWa)or the Shapiro-Francia W’statistic(QSFa).A bootstrap version of the Q-test(QSWb and QSFb),which does not assume independence,is also included.Addition-ally,it incorporates Royston’s H-test.The use of the scripts is illustrated with a sample of 50 participants assessed on a variable across four yearly admin-istrations.The sampling distribution generated by the bootstrap method dif-fers from the chi-square distribution and corresponds to a generalized chisquare distribution-namely,the distribution of a sum of squares of correlated variables.This distribution is less peaked and has a heavier right tail than the chi-square distribution.It is concluded that the bootstrap approach is con-servative under the null hypothesis of multivariate normality;however,it is theoretically more appropriate than the chi-square approximation.To ap-proximate the distributions of the two versions of the Q-test,it is recom-mended that the z or z’values set to zero in the calculation of the Q statistic not be subtracted when determining the degrees of freedom in the chi-square approximation.Moreover,a significance level of 10%is suggested for the bootstrap approach,rather than the conventional 5%.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375272)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR22E050006)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2024M751644,2024M754069).
文摘4D printing technology represents a new generation of additive manufacturing methods that enable three-dimensional(3D)printed structures to change their shapes or properties over time(the fourth dimension)in response to external stimuli such as temperature,magnetic fields,and light.Among the most popular types of 4D-printed structures are thermally responsive bilayer actuators using shape memory polymers,valued for their programmability and convenience.However,achieving precise deformations without collisions is hindered by the nonlinear and time-varying morphing process of these bilayer actuators,which is crucial for creating dynamically controllable shapes on demand in 4D printing.This study presents a rapid and effective design and optimization strategy for 4D printed self-folding structures that can be sequentially and accurately folded.Theoretical analyses were conducted to guide the design of the folding processes.The response surface method(RSM)was used to investigate key parameters affecting the design of 4D-printed bilayer actuators.The results indicate that increasing printing speed enhances internal strain,whereas higher printing temperatures,layer heights,or actuator heights have the opposite effect.The RSM model achieved an R-squared value of 0.983,accurately capturing the coupling effects of these variables on the output responses,thereby enabling controlled timescales for bending motion and sequential folding without collisions.These findings can be applied to enhance the design and acceleration of 4D-printed self-folding structures,ensuring controlled speed of shape transformation.To validate this concept,a self-folding hand-shaped structure with five fingers was designed and fabricated,demonstrating how design and printing parameters can precisely control the timescale of shape changes for each finger based on the design specifications.
文摘Over the years,Hisense has formed an operation model that integrates production,sales and R&D globally,and built a global collaborative R&D system,which has laid a solid foundation for standardization.Hisense keeps including advanced achievements and mature production experience in standards,injecting impetus into the innovation and high-quality development of the industry.
