The rapid urbanization has significantly accelerated the expansion of cities and led to a notable increase in urban land surface temperature(LST).Currently,most studies mainly examine the effects of two-dimensional(2D...The rapid urbanization has significantly accelerated the expansion of cities and led to a notable increase in urban land surface temperature(LST).Currently,most studies mainly examine the effects of two-dimensional(2D)landscape patterns on LST variations,and research investigating the relationship between three-dimensional(3D)urban landscape patterns and LST remains relatively scarce.Therefore,this study utilizes partial correlation analysis and piecewise linear regression to systematically investigate the impacts of gray landscape indicators on LST variations under both 2D and 3D urban patterns,aiming to elucidate the complex relationship between 3D urban landscape patterns and LST dynamics.The results demonstrate that specific 3D building characteristics,particularly the area of low-rise buildings,building aggregation degree,shape complexity,and patch density of mid-rise buildings,serve as effective indicators of urban thermal environment risk.The analysis reveals that increased area-related indicators for low-rise buildings significantly exacerbate the LST rise,whereas modifications to the landscape shape of middle and high-rise buildings contribute to thermal mitigation.Additionally,when gray landscape aggregation exceeds 80%,the spatial concentration of mid-rise buildings exhibits a pronounced positive effect on moderating urban LST.These findings elucidate the mechanisms through which 3D landscape patterns influence urban thermal risks in Beijing,advancing the understanding of urban landscape-ecological processes interactions and providing crucial scientific support for landscape optimization and urban thermal environment risk mitigation strategies.展开更多
Flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable elec-tronics,military camouflage,and flexible smart displays.As a crucial electrochromic material,poly(3,4-ethylened...Flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable elec-tronics,military camouflage,and flexible smart displays.As a crucial electrochromic material,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)is widely used in FECDs due to its excellent mechanical flexibility,tunable conductivity,and non-toxicity.However,the manufacturing process for patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices remains intricate,costly,and challenging to personalize.To address this challenge,we have developed a 3D-printable ink with controllable rheological properties through a concentration-tuning strategy,enabling programmable,patterned printing of PEDOT-based conductive polymer electrochromic layers.The 3D-printed FECDs exhibit outstanding electrochromic performance,including a high optical contrast(up to 47.9%at 635 nm),fast response times(t_(c)=1.6 s;t_(b)=0.6 s),high coloration efficiency(352 cm^(2) C^(-1)),and good cycling stability(with only a 9.3%decrease in optical contrast after 100 electrochemical cycles).Finally,we utilize 3D printing technology to construct flexible,patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices with bespoke butterfly designs.This work establishes the theoretical foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in PEDOT:PSS flexible electrochromic devices.展开更多
Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental marg...Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.展开更多
In this study,a machine vision-based pattern matching technique was applied to estimate the location of an autonomous driving robot and perform 3D tunnel mapping in an underground mine environment.The autonomous drivi...In this study,a machine vision-based pattern matching technique was applied to estimate the location of an autonomous driving robot and perform 3D tunnel mapping in an underground mine environment.The autonomous driving robot continuously detects the wall of the tunnel in the horizontal direction using the light detection and ranging(Li DAR)sensor and performs pattern matching by recognizing the shape of the tunnel wall.The proposed method was designed to measure the heading of the robot by fusion with the inertial measurement units sensor according to the pattern matching accuracy;it is combined with the encoder sensor to estimate the location of the robot.In addition,when the robot is driving,the vertical direction of the underground mine is scanned through the vertical Li DAR sensor and stacked to create a 3D map of the underground mine.The performance of the proposed method was superior to that of previous studies;the mean absolute error achieved was 0.08 m for the X-Y axes.A root mean square error of 0.05 m^(2)was achieved by comparing the tunnel section maps that were created by the autonomous driving robot to those of manual surveying.展开更多
Recently,extreme meteorological droughts have affected China,causing terrible socioeconomic impacts.Despite previous research on the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of drought,two crucial issues remain s...Recently,extreme meteorological droughts have affected China,causing terrible socioeconomic impacts.Despite previous research on the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of drought,two crucial issues remain seldom explored.First,an event-oriented drought chronology with detailed spatiotemporal evolutions is urgently required.Second,the complex migration patterns and diversity of synchronous temperature extremes need to be quantitatively investigated.Accordingly,the main achievements of our investigation are as follows.We produced an event-oriented set of extreme meteorological droughts over China through the application of a newly developed 3D DBSCAN-based detection method(deposited on https://doi.org/10.25452/figshare.plus.25512334),which was verified with a historical atlas and monographs on a case-by-case basis.In addition,distinctive migration patterns(i.e.,stationary/propagation types)are identified and ranked,considering the differences in latitudinal zones and coastal/inland locations.We also analyze the diversity of synchronous temperature extremes(e.g.,hotness and coldness).Notably,an increasing trend in hot droughts occurred over China since the late 1990s,predominantly appearing to the south of 30°N and north of 40°N.All drought events and synchronous temperature extremes are ranked using a comprehensive magnitude index,with the 2022 summer-autumn Yangtze River hot drought being the hottest.Furthermore,Liang-Kleeman information flow-based causality analysis emphasizes key areas where the PDO and AMO influenced decadal variations in coverages of droughts and temperature extremes.We believe that the achievements in this study may offer new insights into sequential mechanism exploration and prediction-related issues.展开更多
Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and short...Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including(1)analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics;(2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model(SLEUTH-3r model); and(3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation,model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2024YFF1306200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42171318].
文摘The rapid urbanization has significantly accelerated the expansion of cities and led to a notable increase in urban land surface temperature(LST).Currently,most studies mainly examine the effects of two-dimensional(2D)landscape patterns on LST variations,and research investigating the relationship between three-dimensional(3D)urban landscape patterns and LST remains relatively scarce.Therefore,this study utilizes partial correlation analysis and piecewise linear regression to systematically investigate the impacts of gray landscape indicators on LST variations under both 2D and 3D urban patterns,aiming to elucidate the complex relationship between 3D urban landscape patterns and LST dynamics.The results demonstrate that specific 3D building characteristics,particularly the area of low-rise buildings,building aggregation degree,shape complexity,and patch density of mid-rise buildings,serve as effective indicators of urban thermal environment risk.The analysis reveals that increased area-related indicators for low-rise buildings significantly exacerbate the LST rise,whereas modifications to the landscape shape of middle and high-rise buildings contribute to thermal mitigation.Additionally,when gray landscape aggregation exceeds 80%,the spatial concentration of mid-rise buildings exhibits a pronounced positive effect on moderating urban LST.These findings elucidate the mechanisms through which 3D landscape patterns influence urban thermal risks in Beijing,advancing the understanding of urban landscape-ecological processes interactions and providing crucial scientific support for landscape optimization and urban thermal environment risk mitigation strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232ACB204002&20232BAB202044)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(20212BCD42004&20242BCC32010).
文摘Flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable elec-tronics,military camouflage,and flexible smart displays.As a crucial electrochromic material,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)is widely used in FECDs due to its excellent mechanical flexibility,tunable conductivity,and non-toxicity.However,the manufacturing process for patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices remains intricate,costly,and challenging to personalize.To address this challenge,we have developed a 3D-printable ink with controllable rheological properties through a concentration-tuning strategy,enabling programmable,patterned printing of PEDOT-based conductive polymer electrochromic layers.The 3D-printed FECDs exhibit outstanding electrochromic performance,including a high optical contrast(up to 47.9%at 635 nm),fast response times(t_(c)=1.6 s;t_(b)=0.6 s),high coloration efficiency(352 cm^(2) C^(-1)),and good cycling stability(with only a 9.3%decrease in optical contrast after 100 electrochemical cycles).Finally,we utilize 3D printing technology to construct flexible,patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices with bespoke butterfly designs.This work establishes the theoretical foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in PEDOT:PSS flexible electrochromic devices.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (Nos. 2009CB219401, 2007CB41170405)the CAS Key Innovation Program (No. KZCX3-SW-234-1)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40876026, 40576027)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS (No. LYQY200704)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, CAS
文摘Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A2C1011216)。
文摘In this study,a machine vision-based pattern matching technique was applied to estimate the location of an autonomous driving robot and perform 3D tunnel mapping in an underground mine environment.The autonomous driving robot continuously detects the wall of the tunnel in the horizontal direction using the light detection and ranging(Li DAR)sensor and performs pattern matching by recognizing the shape of the tunnel wall.The proposed method was designed to measure the heading of the robot by fusion with the inertial measurement units sensor according to the pattern matching accuracy;it is combined with the encoder sensor to estimate the location of the robot.In addition,when the robot is driving,the vertical direction of the underground mine is scanned through the vertical Li DAR sensor and stacked to create a 3D map of the underground mine.The performance of the proposed method was superior to that of previous studies;the mean absolute error achieved was 0.08 m for the X-Y axes.A root mean square error of 0.05 m^(2)was achieved by comparing the tunnel section maps that were created by the autonomous driving robot to those of manual surveying.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3002801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(Grant Nos.42192563,42120104001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth(Grant No.42205191)the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(EarthLab).
文摘Recently,extreme meteorological droughts have affected China,causing terrible socioeconomic impacts.Despite previous research on the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of drought,two crucial issues remain seldom explored.First,an event-oriented drought chronology with detailed spatiotemporal evolutions is urgently required.Second,the complex migration patterns and diversity of synchronous temperature extremes need to be quantitatively investigated.Accordingly,the main achievements of our investigation are as follows.We produced an event-oriented set of extreme meteorological droughts over China through the application of a newly developed 3D DBSCAN-based detection method(deposited on https://doi.org/10.25452/figshare.plus.25512334),which was verified with a historical atlas and monographs on a case-by-case basis.In addition,distinctive migration patterns(i.e.,stationary/propagation types)are identified and ranked,considering the differences in latitudinal zones and coastal/inland locations.We also analyze the diversity of synchronous temperature extremes(e.g.,hotness and coldness).Notably,an increasing trend in hot droughts occurred over China since the late 1990s,predominantly appearing to the south of 30°N and north of 40°N.All drought events and synchronous temperature extremes are ranked using a comprehensive magnitude index,with the 2022 summer-autumn Yangtze River hot drought being the hottest.Furthermore,Liang-Kleeman information flow-based causality analysis emphasizes key areas where the PDO and AMO influenced decadal variations in coverages of droughts and temperature extremes.We believe that the achievements in this study may offer new insights into sequential mechanism exploration and prediction-related issues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant number 41371176]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant number lzujbky_2017_it91]
文摘Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including(1)analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics;(2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model(SLEUTH-3r model); and(3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation,model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.
