An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling,particularly the increased A_(2A)R-mediated signaling,plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Existing therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease prog...An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling,particularly the increased A_(2A)R-mediated signaling,plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Existing therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression,demonstrating the need for novel approaches in PD.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive approach that has been shown to improve motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.However,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation remain unknown.The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the beneficial effects of prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of experimental parkinsonism are based on modulation of adenosine-mediated signaling.Animals with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation for 3 weeks and were tested for motor skills using the Rotarod test.Immunoblot,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and biochemical analysis of components of adenosine-mediated signaling were performed on the synaptosomal fraction of the lesioned caudate putamen.Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation improved motor symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals.A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the caudate putamen.Treatment with intermittent theta burst stimulation began 7 days after the lesion,coinciding with the onset of motor symptoms.After treatment with prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation,complete motor recovery was observed.This improvement was accompanied by downregulation of the e N/CD73-A_(2A)R pathway and a return to physiological levels of A_(1)R-adenosine deaminase 1 after 3 weeks of intermittent theta burst stimulation.Our results demonstrated that 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration reduced the expression of A_(1)R and elevated the expression of A_(2A)R.Intermittent theta burst stimulation reversed these effects by restoring the abundances of A_(1)R and A_(2A)R to control levels.The shift in ARs expression likely restored the balance between dopamine-adenosine signaling,ultimately leading to the recovery of motor control.展开更多
目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒...目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒转染至U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2细胞,经潮霉素(Hygro)压力筛选到稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞。使用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测该细胞株中5-HT_(2C)R的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;用核转位功能实验验证U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞受体功能的特异性;验证5-HT、LSD、DOM、DOI、赛洛西宾(PSI)和利舒脲(LIS)对5-HT_(2C)R的激活能力。结果筛选得到58号细胞为最强激活的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R单克隆细胞株。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,1~15代内,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R mRNA和蛋白。1~15代内,Vabicaserin对U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株的激活能力稳定,5-HT_(2C)R特异性拮抗剂SB242084能够拮抗Vabicaserin的作用。5-HT、LIS、PSI能诱导U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞部分核转位,而LSD、DOM、DOI没有作用。结论成功构建了共表达5-HT_(2C)R和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞,可用于靶向5-HT_(2C)R的高活性小分子化合物筛选。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation,Serbia,No.451-03-68/2022-14/200178(to NN)University of Defence,No.MFVMA/02/22-24(to MN)。
文摘An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling,particularly the increased A_(2A)R-mediated signaling,plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Existing therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression,demonstrating the need for novel approaches in PD.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive approach that has been shown to improve motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.However,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation remain unknown.The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the beneficial effects of prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of experimental parkinsonism are based on modulation of adenosine-mediated signaling.Animals with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation for 3 weeks and were tested for motor skills using the Rotarod test.Immunoblot,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and biochemical analysis of components of adenosine-mediated signaling were performed on the synaptosomal fraction of the lesioned caudate putamen.Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation improved motor symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals.A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the caudate putamen.Treatment with intermittent theta burst stimulation began 7 days after the lesion,coinciding with the onset of motor symptoms.After treatment with prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation,complete motor recovery was observed.This improvement was accompanied by downregulation of the e N/CD73-A_(2A)R pathway and a return to physiological levels of A_(1)R-adenosine deaminase 1 after 3 weeks of intermittent theta burst stimulation.Our results demonstrated that 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration reduced the expression of A_(1)R and elevated the expression of A_(2A)R.Intermittent theta burst stimulation reversed these effects by restoring the abundances of A_(1)R and A_(2A)R to control levels.The shift in ARs expression likely restored the balance between dopamine-adenosine signaling,ultimately leading to the recovery of motor control.
文摘目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒转染至U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2细胞,经潮霉素(Hygro)压力筛选到稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞。使用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测该细胞株中5-HT_(2C)R的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;用核转位功能实验验证U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞受体功能的特异性;验证5-HT、LSD、DOM、DOI、赛洛西宾(PSI)和利舒脲(LIS)对5-HT_(2C)R的激活能力。结果筛选得到58号细胞为最强激活的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R单克隆细胞株。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,1~15代内,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R mRNA和蛋白。1~15代内,Vabicaserin对U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株的激活能力稳定,5-HT_(2C)R特异性拮抗剂SB242084能够拮抗Vabicaserin的作用。5-HT、LIS、PSI能诱导U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞部分核转位,而LSD、DOM、DOI没有作用。结论成功构建了共表达5-HT_(2C)R和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞,可用于靶向5-HT_(2C)R的高活性小分子化合物筛选。
基金supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program,2011CB710800)New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-11-0658)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2011150)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111-2-06)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions~~
