Objectives: To determine the level of adversity quotient and its associations with rumination, optimism, and authoritative parenting style in junior high school students. Adversity quotient is the adaptation ability t...Objectives: To determine the level of adversity quotient and its associations with rumination, optimism, and authoritative parenting style in junior high school students. Adversity quotient is the adaptation ability to overcome problems and obstacles with a positive attitude. Early adolescence, as a critical stage of life, needs to cultivate adversity quotient. However, adversity quotient and its influencing factors in adolescents have not been fully understood. Methods: A total of 129 students from 3 junior high schools (grade 7-9) in Chon Buri province, Thailand, were randomly recruited to participate in this correlational research study. They completed 5 questionnaires including the demographic form, adversity quotient assessment, authoritative parenting style, optimism, and rumination. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: Adversity quotient was at a moderate level with a mean of 138.78 (standard deviation [SD] = 21.25). Adversity quotient was significantly, positively correlated with authoritative parenting at the highest level (r = 0.60), followed by optimism at a moderate level (r = 0.38), and rumination at a low level (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). Conclusions: All parties responsible for early adolescents’ development should enhance the adversity quotient to a higher level through campaigns promoting authoritative parenting and optimism. An unexpected positive correlation between adversity quotient and rumination warrants cautious interpretation and more studies.展开更多
In this paper, we derive the a priori estimates for a class of more general (k, l)-Hessian quotient type equations involving u and Du on the right hand function. As an application we prove the Liouville theorem depend...In this paper, we derive the a priori estimates for a class of more general (k, l)-Hessian quotient type equations involving u and Du on the right hand function. As an application we prove the Liouville theorem depending on Pogorelov type estimates. On the other hand, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the k-admissible solution for these general equations with the Neumann boundary condition, based on some growth conditions for the right hand function.展开更多
In the quotient space theory of granular computing,the universe structure is assumed to be a topology,therefore,its application is still limited.In this study,based on the quotient space model,the universe structure i...In the quotient space theory of granular computing,the universe structure is assumed to be a topology,therefore,its application is still limited.In this study,based on the quotient space model,the universe structure is assumed as an algebra instead of a topology.As to obtain the algebraic quotient operator,the granulation must be uniquely determined by a congruence relation,and all the congruence relations form a complete semi-order lattice,which is the theoretical basis of granularities ' completeness.When the given equivalence relation is not a congruence relation,it defines the concepts of upper quotient and lower quotient,and discusses some of their properties which demonstrate that falsity preserving principle and truth preserving principle are still valid.Finally,it presents the algorithms and example of upper quotient and lower quotient.The work extends the quotient space theory from structure,and provides theoretical basis for the combination of the quotient space theory and the algebra theory.展开更多
A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a...A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.展开更多
【问】[461]IQ表示智商,EQ表示情商,其中字母Q的全称是quotient,根据《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第1221页的解释是:number obtained when one number is divided by another。中文解释是'商',这没有问题,但是字典在'商'...【问】[461]IQ表示智商,EQ表示情商,其中字母Q的全称是quotient,根据《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第1221页的解释是:number obtained when one number is divided by another。中文解释是'商',这没有问题,但是字典在'商'后面的括号中给出了这样的补充说明:商(除数除以被除数的得数)。请问这样的解释对吗?展开更多
Financial quotient education has become an inevitable requirement of quality education in China,with vital practical significance.By investigating the current financial education situation for teenagers in Banan Distr...Financial quotient education has become an inevitable requirement of quality education in China,with vital practical significance.By investigating the current financial education situation for teenagers in Banan District,Chongqing,we find some problems such as parents'weak awareness of financial education,lack of financial education in schools,and lack of professional teachers.This paper proposes the"three-in-one"financial quotient education implementation path of family,school,and government,hoping to explore the construction of a youth financial quotient education system and provide a reference for various subjects to carry out financial quotient education for young people.Further,enrich the achievements of characteristic education and promote the development of quality education in primary and secondary schools.展开更多
A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a...A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.展开更多
We determined the linear complexity of a family of p2-periodic binary threshold sequences and a family of p2-periodic binary sequences constructed using the Legendre symbol,both of which are derived from Fermat quotie...We determined the linear complexity of a family of p2-periodic binary threshold sequences and a family of p2-periodic binary sequences constructed using the Legendre symbol,both of which are derived from Fermat quotients modulo an odd prime p.If 2 is a primitive element modulo p2,the linear complexity equals to p2-p or p2-1,which is very close to the period and it is large enough for cryptographic purpose.展开更多
Robust normalization is a prerequisite for reliable metabonomic analysis especially when intervention treatments cause drastic metabolomic changes or when spot urinary samples are employed without knowing the drinking...Robust normalization is a prerequisite for reliable metabonomic analysis especially when intervention treatments cause drastic metabolomic changes or when spot urinary samples are employed without knowing the drinking water quantity.With the simulated and real datasets,here,we report a probabilistic quotient normalization method based on the mode-of-quotients(mPQN)which is suitable for metabonomic analysis of both NMR and LC-MS data with little and/or drastic metabolite changes.When applied to metabonomic analysis of both animal plasma samples and human urinary samples,this newly proposed method has clearly shown better robustness than all classical normalization methods especially when drastic changes of some metabolites occur.展开更多
A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological s...A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.展开更多
In order to deal with coarse-grained and multi-grained calculation problems,as well as granularity transformation problems in information system,quotient space theory is introduced in rough set theory.The main idea of...In order to deal with coarse-grained and multi-grained calculation problems,as well as granularity transformation problems in information system,quotient space theory is introduced in rough set theory.The main idea of this research is to try to maintain the important properties of the original space into the quotient space.Aimed to preserve the micro properties and the macro properties,two pairs of approximation operators on the quotient space are defined.When it comes to the composite of quotient spaces,the idea of these operators shows greater advantages.Examples are cited to illustrate possible applications of these operators,and their matrix representations are also given to make the calculations easy.Finally,all approximation operators on the quotient space involved so far are compared and their relationships are shown through a diagram.展开更多
After a systematic review of 38 current intelligent city evaluation systems （ICESs） from around the world, this research analyzes the secondary and tertiary indicators of these 38 ICESs from the perspec- tives of sc...After a systematic review of 38 current intelligent city evaluation systems （ICESs） from around the world, this research analyzes the secondary and tertiary indicators of these 38 ICESs from the perspec- tives of scale structuring, approaches and indicator selection, and determines their common base. From this base, the fundamentals of the City Intelligence Quotient （City IOD Evaluation System are developed and five dimensions are selected after a clustering analysis. The basic version, City IQ Evaluation System 1.0, involves 275 experts from 14 high-end research institutions, which include the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Science and Engineering （Germany）, the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, the Planning Management Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China, and the Development Research Center of the State Council of China. City IQ Evaluation System 2.0 is further developed, with improvements in its universality, openness, and dy- namic adjustment capability. After employing deviation evaluation methods in the IQ assessment, City IQ Evaluation System 3.0 was conceived. The research team has conducted a repeated assessment of 41 intelligent cities around the world using City IQ Evaluation System 3.0. The results have proved that the City IQ Evaluation System, developed on the basis of intelligent life, features more rational indicators selected from data sources that can offer better universality, openness, and dynamics, and is more sen- sitive and precise.展开更多
We assume that X is a normed linear space, W and M are subspaces of X. We develop a theory of best simultaneous approximation in quotient spaces and introduce equivalent assertions between the subspaces W and W ＋ M a...We assume that X is a normed linear space, W and M are subspaces of X. We develop a theory of best simultaneous approximation in quotient spaces and introduce equivalent assertions between the subspaces W and W ＋ M and the quotient space W/M.展开更多
An interference alignment(IA)spectrum sharing method based on Rayleigh quotient is proposed for distributed multi-user multi-antenna cognitive radio(CR) networks.The interference from cognitive users(CUs)to the primar...An interference alignment(IA)spectrum sharing method based on Rayleigh quotient is proposed for distributed multi-user multi-antenna cognitive radio(CR) networks.The interference from cognitive users(CUs)to the primary(PR) system is constrained through the Rayleigh quotients of channel matrices to deal with the absence of PR users(PUs) in the IA process.As a result,the IA scheme can be applied in CR networks without harmful interference to PUs.Compared with existing IA based spectrum sharing methods,the proposed method is more general because of breaking the restriction that CUs can only transmit on the idle sub-channels of the PR system.Moreover,in comparison to other four spectrum sharing methods applicable in general scene,the proposed method leads to improved performance of achievable sum rate of the CR system as well as guarantees the transmission of PUs.展开更多
Granular computing is a very hot research field in recent years. In our previous work an algebraic quotient space model was proposed,where the quotient structure could not be deduced if the granulation was based on an...Granular computing is a very hot research field in recent years. In our previous work an algebraic quotient space model was proposed,where the quotient structure could not be deduced if the granulation was based on an equivalence relation. In this paper,definitions were given and formulas of the lower quotient congruence and upper quotient congruence were calculated to roughly represent the quotient structure. Then the accuracy and roughness were defined to measure the quotient structure in quantification. Finally,a numerical example was given to demonstrate that the rough representation and measuring methods are efficient and applicable. The work has greatly enriched the algebraic quotient space model and granular computing theory.展开更多
Intelligence quotient(IQ)and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children entering mainstream schools.This study explored the association between parental education level,I...Intelligence quotient(IQ)and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children entering mainstream schools.This study explored the association between parental education level,IQ,and adaptive behavior in ASD groups.A total of 257 school-age ASD children were enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2021.Their parents completed a standard demographic form,including age at autism diagnosis,gender,school placement,and parents’educational background.The Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition(WISC-IV)was completed by a certified assessor for each enrolled child.Parents were interviewed on adaptive behavior using the Chinese version of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System,Second Edition(ABAS-II).The average IQ of school-age ASD children was 76.88(standard deviation(SD)=22.62)and boys had higher IQ levels than girls.The IQ was positively correlated with age.The General Adaptive Composite(GAC)score was 82.47(SD=15.86)and adaptive behavior did not increase with age.ASD children who attended mainstream schools had better adaptive behavior profiles than other children.The mother’s education level showed a significant correlation with the IQ and adaptive behavior of autistic children,while the father’s education level did not.Consequently,better training and support for parents may help autistic children enter mainstream schools,with adaptive training being the most urgently required skill for parents.展开更多
A robust phase-only Direct Data Domain Least Squares (D3LS) algorithm based on gen- eralized Rayleigh quotient optimization using hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented in this letter. The optimization efficiency ...A robust phase-only Direct Data Domain Least Squares (D3LS) algorithm based on gen- eralized Rayleigh quotient optimization using hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented in this letter. The optimization efficiency and computational speed are improved via the hybrid GA com- posed of standard GA and Nelder-Mead simplex algorithms. First, the objective function, with a form of generalized Rayleigh quotient, is derived via the standard D3LS algorithm. It is then taken as a fitness function and the unknown phases of all adaptive weights are taken as decision variables. Then, the nonlinear optimization is performed via the hybrid GA to obtain the optimized solution of phase-only adaptive weights. As a phase-only adaptive algorithm, the proposed algorithm is sim- pler than conventional algorithms when it comes to hardware implementation. Moreover, it proc- esses only a single snapshot data as opposed to forming sample covariance matrix and operating matrix inversion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a good signal recovery and interferences nulling performance, which are superior to that of the phase-only D3LS algorithm based on standard GA.展开更多
The problem whether every infinite dimensional Banach space has an infinite dimensional separable quotient space has remained unsolved for a long time. In this paper we prove: the Banach space X has an infinite dimens...The problem whether every infinite dimensional Banach space has an infinite dimensional separable quotient space has remained unsolved for a long time. In this paper we prove: the Banach space X has an infinite dimensional separable quotient if and only if X has an infinite dimensional separable quasicomplemented subspace, also if and only if there exists a Banach space Y and a bounded linear operator T is an element of B(Y,X such that the range of T is nonclosed and dense in X. Besides, the other relevant questions for such spaces e.g. the question on operator ideals that on H.I.(hereditarily indecomposable) spaces, that on invariant subspaces of operators, etc, are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Faculty of Nursing Burapha University(No.19/2561).
文摘Objectives: To determine the level of adversity quotient and its associations with rumination, optimism, and authoritative parenting style in junior high school students. Adversity quotient is the adaptation ability to overcome problems and obstacles with a positive attitude. Early adolescence, as a critical stage of life, needs to cultivate adversity quotient. However, adversity quotient and its influencing factors in adolescents have not been fully understood. Methods: A total of 129 students from 3 junior high schools (grade 7-9) in Chon Buri province, Thailand, were randomly recruited to participate in this correlational research study. They completed 5 questionnaires including the demographic form, adversity quotient assessment, authoritative parenting style, optimism, and rumination. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: Adversity quotient was at a moderate level with a mean of 138.78 (standard deviation [SD] = 21.25). Adversity quotient was significantly, positively correlated with authoritative parenting at the highest level (r = 0.60), followed by optimism at a moderate level (r = 0.38), and rumination at a low level (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). Conclusions: All parties responsible for early adolescents’ development should enhance the adversity quotient to a higher level through campaigns promoting authoritative parenting and optimism. An unexpected positive correlation between adversity quotient and rumination warrants cautious interpretation and more studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11971157).
文摘In this paper, we derive the a priori estimates for a class of more general (k, l)-Hessian quotient type equations involving u and Du on the right hand function. As an application we prove the Liouville theorem depending on Pogorelov type estimates. On the other hand, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the k-admissible solution for these general equations with the Neumann boundary condition, based on some growth conditions for the right hand function.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61173052)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.14JJ4007)
文摘In the quotient space theory of granular computing,the universe structure is assumed to be a topology,therefore,its application is still limited.In this study,based on the quotient space model,the universe structure is assumed as an algebra instead of a topology.As to obtain the algebraic quotient operator,the granulation must be uniquely determined by a congruence relation,and all the congruence relations form a complete semi-order lattice,which is the theoretical basis of granularities ' completeness.When the given equivalence relation is not a congruence relation,it defines the concepts of upper quotient and lower quotient,and discusses some of their properties which demonstrate that falsity preserving principle and truth preserving principle are still valid.Finally,it presents the algorithms and example of upper quotient and lower quotient.The work extends the quotient space theory from structure,and provides theoretical basis for the combination of the quotient space theory and the algebra theory.
文摘A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.
文摘【问】[461]IQ表示智商,EQ表示情商,其中字母Q的全称是quotient,根据《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第1221页的解释是:number obtained when one number is divided by another。中文解释是'商',这没有问题,但是字典在'商'后面的括号中给出了这样的补充说明:商(除数除以被除数的得数)。请问这样的解释对吗?
文摘Financial quotient education has become an inevitable requirement of quality education in China,with vital practical significance.By investigating the current financial education situation for teenagers in Banan District,Chongqing,we find some problems such as parents'weak awareness of financial education,lack of financial education in schools,and lack of professional teachers.This paper proposes the"three-in-one"financial quotient education implementation path of family,school,and government,hoping to explore the construction of a youth financial quotient education system and provide a reference for various subjects to carry out financial quotient education for young people.Further,enrich the achievements of characteristic education and promote the development of quality education in primary and secondary schools.
文摘A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of Information Security (Chinese Academy of Sciences)，the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University
文摘We determined the linear complexity of a family of p2-periodic binary threshold sequences and a family of p2-periodic binary sequences constructed using the Legendre symbol,both of which are derived from Fermat quotients modulo an odd prime p.If 2 is a primitive element modulo p2,the linear complexity equals to p2-p or p2-1,which is very close to the period and it is large enough for cryptographic purpose.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0906800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81590953,31821002 and 21405020)。
文摘Robust normalization is a prerequisite for reliable metabonomic analysis especially when intervention treatments cause drastic metabolomic changes or when spot urinary samples are employed without knowing the drinking water quantity.With the simulated and real datasets,here,we report a probabilistic quotient normalization method based on the mode-of-quotients(mPQN)which is suitable for metabonomic analysis of both NMR and LC-MS data with little and/or drastic metabolite changes.When applied to metabonomic analysis of both animal plasma samples and human urinary samples,this newly proposed method has clearly shown better robustness than all classical normalization methods especially when drastic changes of some metabolites occur.
文摘A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61672107funded by the China Scholarship Council(201606475016).
文摘In order to deal with coarse-grained and multi-grained calculation problems,as well as granularity transformation problems in information system,quotient space theory is introduced in rough set theory.The main idea of this research is to try to maintain the important properties of the original space into the quotient space.Aimed to preserve the micro properties and the macro properties,two pairs of approximation operators on the quotient space are defined.When it comes to the composite of quotient spaces,the idea of these operators shows greater advantages.Examples are cited to illustrate possible applications of these operators,and their matrix representations are also given to make the calculations easy.Finally,all approximation operators on the quotient space involved so far are compared and their relationships are shown through a diagram.
文摘After a systematic review of 38 current intelligent city evaluation systems （ICESs） from around the world, this research analyzes the secondary and tertiary indicators of these 38 ICESs from the perspec- tives of scale structuring, approaches and indicator selection, and determines their common base. From this base, the fundamentals of the City Intelligence Quotient （City IOD Evaluation System are developed and five dimensions are selected after a clustering analysis. The basic version, City IQ Evaluation System 1.0, involves 275 experts from 14 high-end research institutions, which include the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Science and Engineering （Germany）, the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, the Planning Management Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China, and the Development Research Center of the State Council of China. City IQ Evaluation System 2.0 is further developed, with improvements in its universality, openness, and dy- namic adjustment capability. After employing deviation evaluation methods in the IQ assessment, City IQ Evaluation System 3.0 was conceived. The research team has conducted a repeated assessment of 41 intelligent cities around the world using City IQ Evaluation System 3.0. The results have proved that the City IQ Evaluation System, developed on the basis of intelligent life, features more rational indicators selected from data sources that can offer better universality, openness, and dynamics, and is more sen- sitive and precise.
文摘We assume that X is a normed linear space, W and M are subspaces of X. We develop a theory of best simultaneous approximation in quotient spaces and introduce equivalent assertions between the subspaces W and W ＋ M and the quotient space W/M.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 6120123361271262Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013G1241114)
文摘An interference alignment(IA)spectrum sharing method based on Rayleigh quotient is proposed for distributed multi-user multi-antenna cognitive radio(CR) networks.The interference from cognitive users(CUs)to the primary(PR) system is constrained through the Rayleigh quotients of channel matrices to deal with the absence of PR users(PUs) in the IA process.As a result,the IA scheme can be applied in CR networks without harmful interference to PUs.Compared with existing IA based spectrum sharing methods,the proposed method is more general because of breaking the restriction that CUs can only transmit on the idle sub-channels of the PR system.Moreover,in comparison to other four spectrum sharing methods applicable in general scene,the proposed method leads to improved performance of achievable sum rate of the CR system as well as guarantees the transmission of PUs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61772031)the Special Energy Saving Foundation of Changsha,Hunan Province in 2017
文摘Granular computing is a very hot research field in recent years. In our previous work an algebraic quotient space model was proposed,where the quotient structure could not be deduced if the granulation was based on an equivalence relation. In this paper,definitions were given and formulas of the lower quotient congruence and upper quotient congruence were calculated to roughly represent the quotient structure. Then the accuracy and roughness were defined to measure the quotient structure in quantification. Finally,a numerical example was given to demonstrate that the rough representation and measuring methods are efficient and applicable. The work has greatly enriched the algebraic quotient space model and granular computing theory.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF20H090015)。
文摘Intelligence quotient(IQ)and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children entering mainstream schools.This study explored the association between parental education level,IQ,and adaptive behavior in ASD groups.A total of 257 school-age ASD children were enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2021.Their parents completed a standard demographic form,including age at autism diagnosis,gender,school placement,and parents’educational background.The Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition(WISC-IV)was completed by a certified assessor for each enrolled child.Parents were interviewed on adaptive behavior using the Chinese version of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System,Second Edition(ABAS-II).The average IQ of school-age ASD children was 76.88(standard deviation(SD)=22.62)and boys had higher IQ levels than girls.The IQ was positively correlated with age.The General Adaptive Composite(GAC)score was 82.47(SD=15.86)and adaptive behavior did not increase with age.ASD children who attended mainstream schools had better adaptive behavior profiles than other children.The mother’s education level showed a significant correlation with the IQ and adaptive behavior of autistic children,while the father’s education level did not.Consequently,better training and support for parents may help autistic children enter mainstream schools,with adaptive training being the most urgently required skill for parents.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2004016).
文摘A robust phase-only Direct Data Domain Least Squares (D3LS) algorithm based on gen- eralized Rayleigh quotient optimization using hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented in this letter. The optimization efficiency and computational speed are improved via the hybrid GA com- posed of standard GA and Nelder-Mead simplex algorithms. First, the objective function, with a form of generalized Rayleigh quotient, is derived via the standard D3LS algorithm. It is then taken as a fitness function and the unknown phases of all adaptive weights are taken as decision variables. Then, the nonlinear optimization is performed via the hybrid GA to obtain the optimized solution of phase-only adaptive weights. As a phase-only adaptive algorithm, the proposed algorithm is sim- pler than conventional algorithms when it comes to hardware implementation. Moreover, it proc- esses only a single snapshot data as opposed to forming sample covariance matrix and operating matrix inversion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a good signal recovery and interferences nulling performance, which are superior to that of the phase-only D3LS algorithm based on standard GA.
文摘The problem whether every infinite dimensional Banach space has an infinite dimensional separable quotient space has remained unsolved for a long time. In this paper we prove: the Banach space X has an infinite dimensional separable quotient if and only if X has an infinite dimensional separable quasicomplemented subspace, also if and only if there exists a Banach space Y and a bounded linear operator T is an element of B(Y,X such that the range of T is nonclosed and dense in X. Besides, the other relevant questions for such spaces e.g. the question on operator ideals that on H.I.(hereditarily indecomposable) spaces, that on invariant subspaces of operators, etc, are also discussed.
