Statistics released by China Customs in February,2007 showed an uncommon rapid growth in Shenzhen’s 2006 textile export.In 2006,the total value of textile
China＇s central bank in October announced plans to expand a pilot program on credit assets to nine municipalities and provinces, allowing banks to pledge assets to borrow from the central bank. In August, China＇s to...China＇s central bank in October announced plans to expand a pilot program on credit assets to nine municipalities and provinces, allowing banks to pledge assets to borrow from the central bank. In August, China＇s top legislature adopted an amendment to the law on commercial banks, removing the 7S-percent loan- to-deposit ratio stipulation. Both measures have been interpreted by some financial institutions as a stimulus of 7 trillion yuan （$1.11 trillion） and a ＂Chinese- style quantitative easing （QE）＂ policy. In a recent article in the National Business Daily, chief bond analyst of Minsheng Securities Co. Ltd., believes that such judgment lacks logic. Edited excerpts of the article follow.展开更多
Background:Questioned document examination(QDE)is a crucial sub-discipline of forensic science,and over the years,this discipline has developed a vast amount of research results and literature.However,the current stud...Background:Questioned document examination(QDE)is a crucial sub-discipline of forensic science,and over the years,this discipline has developed a vast amount of research results and literature.However,the current studies have only reviewed the development of QDE for a period of time or a particular research direction,lacking a comprehensive review of this discipline since its origins.Aim:The aim of this study is to utilize bibliometric methods to review the history and development of QDE since 1934 and also to predict its future research trends.Materials:This study collects the literature of questioned document examination(QDE)from the Web of Science Core Collection database and uses four bibliometric analysis tools:CiteSpace,VOSviewer,SciMAT,and Bibliometric,to process relevant literature data.Methods:Through the analysis methods of journal co-citation analysis,keyword co-occurrence network analysis,literature cocitation analysis,and theme evolutionary analysis,the bibliometric data information in the QDE field is obtained,and a visualized knowledge mapping is constructed.Results:The results show that four research directions have been formed,basically.As far as the development trend of QDE research is concerned,the research field shows the change in content from cursory to detailed and in analysis from qualitative to quantitative,while the research field maintains a close relationship with chemical technology and computer science.Conclusions:The changes in QDE can be attributed to advancements in science and technology,which have influenced research methods.QDE also has a legal aspect,with a focus on enhancing scientific accuracy and evidentiary value.These developments aim to strengthen QDE’s identification power and promote its scientific and standardized growth.This will gradually enhance the reliability and strength of QDE evidence,making it more valuable in judicial practice.展开更多
Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions to...Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?展开更多
Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What are some common factors that usually cause damage to trees when they are struck by lightning?2.How might the un...Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What are some common factors that usually cause damage to trees when they are struck by lightning?2.How might the unique characteristics of a tree contribute to its ability to survive a lightning strike?展开更多
Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions tow...Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?展开更多
It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing the...It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.展开更多
Medical visual question answering(MedVQA)faces unique challenges due to the high precision required for images and the specialized nature of the questions.These challenges include insufficient feature extraction capab...Medical visual question answering(MedVQA)faces unique challenges due to the high precision required for images and the specialized nature of the questions.These challenges include insufficient feature extraction capabilities,a lack of textual priors,and incomplete information fusion and interaction.This paper proposes an enhanced bootstrapping language-image pre-training(BLIP)model for MedVQA based on multimodal feature augmentation and triple-path collaborative attention(FCA-BLIP)to address these issues.First,FCA-BLIP employs a unified bootstrap multimodal model architecture that integrates ResNet and bidirectional encoder representations from Transformer(BERT)models to enhance feature extraction capabilities.It enables a more precise analysis of the details in images and questions.Next,the pre-trained BLIP model is used to extract features from image-text sample pairs.The model can understand the semantic relationships and shared information between images and text.Finally,a novel attention structure is developed to fuse the multimodal feature vectors,thereby improving the alignment accuracy between modalities.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in clinical visual question-answering tasks.For the MedVQA task of staging diabetic macular edema in fundus imaging,the proposed method outperforms the existing major models in several performance metrics.展开更多
In maths,some calculations are just as hard as word problems.Actually,they are word problems.Strategies of solving problems must be applied,while you are doing such calculations.Now,let's discuss a few questions a...In maths,some calculations are just as hard as word problems.Actually,they are word problems.Strategies of solving problems must be applied,while you are doing such calculations.Now,let's discuss a few questions as examples.展开更多
AIM:To develop a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge graph(KG)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)diagnosis and treatment by integrating literature and medical records,thereby enhancing TCM knowledge accessibility and ...AIM:To develop a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge graph(KG)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)diagnosis and treatment by integrating literature and medical records,thereby enhancing TCM knowledge accessibility and providing innovative approaches for TCM inheritance and DR management.METHODS:First,a KG framework was established with a schema-layer design.Second,high-quality literature and electronic medical records served as data sources.Named entity recognition was performed using the ALBERT-BiLSTMCRF model,and semantic relationships were curated by domain experts.Third,knowledge fusion was mainly achieved through an alias library.Subsequently,the data layer was mapped to the schema layer to refine the KG,and knowledge was stored in Neo4j.Finally,exploratory work on intelligent question answering was conducted based on the constructed KG.RESULTS:In Neo4j,a KG for TCM diagnosis and treatment was constructed,incorporating 6 types of labels,5 types of relationships,5 types of attributes,822 nodes,and 1,318 relationship instances.This systematic KG supports logical reasoning and intelligent question answering.The question answering model achieved a precision of 95%,a recall of 95%,and a weighted F1-score of 95%.CONCLUSION:This study proposes a semi-automatic knowledge-mapping scheme to balance integration efficiency and accuracy.Clinical data-driven entity and relationship construction enables digital dialectical reasoning.Exploratory applications show the KG’s potential in intelligent question answering,providing new insights for TCM health management.展开更多
With the advancements in parameter-efficient transfer learning techniques,it has become feasible to leverage large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks under low-cost and low-resource conditions.However,ap...With the advancements in parameter-efficient transfer learning techniques,it has become feasible to leverage large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks under low-cost and low-resource conditions.However,applying this technique to multimodal knowledge transfer introduces a significant challenge:ensuring alignment across modalities while minimizing the number of additional parameters required for downstream task adaptation.This paper introduces UniTrans,a framework aimed at facilitating efficient knowledge transfer across multiple modalities.UniTrans leverages Vector-based Cross-modal Random Matrix Adaptation to enable fine-tuning with minimal parameter overhead.To further enhance modality alignment,we introduce two key components:the Multimodal Consistency Alignment Module and the Query-Augmentation Side Network,specifically optimized for scenarios with extremely limited trainable parameters.Extensive evaluations on various cross-modal downstream tasks demonstrate that our approach surpasses state-of-the-art methods while using just 5%of their trainable parameters.Additionally,it achieves superior performance compared to fully fine-tuned models on certain benchmarks.展开更多
When it comes to the Taiwan question,people tend to focus on American factors.However,if tracing the source,the Japanese factors may be more profound than the American ones.After World War II,a group of intellectuals ...When it comes to the Taiwan question,people tend to focus on American factors.However,if tracing the source,the Japanese factors may be more profound than the American ones.After World War II,a group of intellectuals from Taiwan represented by Thomas W.I.Liao established various“Taiwan independence”organizations in Japan and engaged in“Taiwan independence”activities,which can be regarded as the origin of the post-war“Taiwan independence”movement.Their journey to“Taiwan independence”was also influenced by the political situation at home and abroad at that time,and their experiences also showed that the“Taiwan independence”elements were just victims of international political transactions.The Taiwan question,which continues to this day,has been influenced by the complicated international political situation from the very beginning.展开更多
在小学英语教学中,单元整体教学法逐渐成为提升教学质量的有效途径。本文以译林版英语三年级下册Unit 3 School rules为例,深入探讨了问题引领单元整体教学的设计原则与实施策略。通过设计具有启发性、整合性、以学生为中心及实践创新...在小学英语教学中,单元整体教学法逐渐成为提升教学质量的有效途径。本文以译林版英语三年级下册Unit 3 School rules为例,深入探讨了问题引领单元整体教学的设计原则与实施策略。通过设计具有启发性、整合性、以学生为中心及实践创新性的问题,本文旨在构建一个高效、互动、探究式的英语学习环境。研究结果显示,该教学模式能够显著提高学生的英语学习兴趣与综合能力,促进学生对学习规则的理解与遵守。展开更多
The origin of engraving and printing has a variety of points of view,especially the“early Tang Dynasty”has the most far-reaching impact.Based on media evolution theory,engraved printing as a new media technology is ...The origin of engraving and printing has a variety of points of view,especially the“early Tang Dynasty”has the most far-reaching impact.Based on media evolution theory,engraved printing as a new media technology is first used in secular culture,folk entertainment,and other fields,after a long period of development,the new medium was accepted by the ruling class,the mainstream society;the use of the media began to intervene in the real society.This reflects that the choice of new media by the society depends on the media itself and is intrinsically linked to the whole social communication environment.Therefore,from the point of view of media evolution,the view that engraving originated in the early Tang Dynasty is not in line with the logic of media evolution and is unreasonable.展开更多
Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.Suppose you are planning a trip to Antarctica and want to visit Don Juan Pond,what special preparations would you ne...Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.Suppose you are planning a trip to Antarctica and want to visit Don Juan Pond,what special preparations would you need to make compared to a normal trip?2.In your opinion,how could the unique features of Don Juan Pond be used to develop educational programs for high school students?展开更多
The consultation intention of emergency decision-makers in urban rail transit(URT)is input into the emergency knowledge base in the form of domain questions to obtain emergency decision support services.This approach ...The consultation intention of emergency decision-makers in urban rail transit(URT)is input into the emergency knowledge base in the form of domain questions to obtain emergency decision support services.This approach facilitates the rapid collection of complete knowledge and rules to form effective decisions.However,the current structured degree of the URT emergency knowledge base remains low,and the domain questions lack labeled datasets,resulting in a large deviation between the consultation outcomes and the intended objectives.To address this issue,this paper proposes a question intention recognition model for the URT emergency domain,leveraging knowledge graph(KG)and data enhancement technology.First,a structured storage of emergency cases and emergency plans is realized based on KG.Subsequently,a comprehensive question template is developed,and the labeled dataset of emergency domain questions in URT is generated through the KG.Lastly,data enhancement is applied by prompt learning and the NLP Chinese Data Augmentation(NLPCDA)tool,and the intention recognition model combining Generalized Auto-regression Pre-training for Language Understanding(XLNet)and Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Text Classification(TextRCNN)is constructed.Word embeddings are generated by XLNet,context information is further captured using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network(BiLSTM),and salient features are extracted with Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can enhance the clarity of classification and the identification of domain questions,thereby providing supportive knowledge for emergency decision-making in URT.展开更多
文摘Statistics released by China Customs in February,2007 showed an uncommon rapid growth in Shenzhen’s 2006 textile export.In 2006,the total value of textile
文摘China＇s central bank in October announced plans to expand a pilot program on credit assets to nine municipalities and provinces, allowing banks to pledge assets to borrow from the central bank. In August, China＇s top legislature adopted an amendment to the law on commercial banks, removing the 7S-percent loan- to-deposit ratio stipulation. Both measures have been interpreted by some financial institutions as a stimulus of 7 trillion yuan （$1.11 trillion） and a ＂Chinese- style quantitative easing （QE）＂ policy. In a recent article in the National Business Daily, chief bond analyst of Minsheng Securities Co. Ltd., believes that such judgment lacks logic. Edited excerpts of the article follow.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”and the Guangdong Provincial Forensic Science of Evidence Materials(Nantian)Engineering Technology Research Center Open Projects Fund(Project NO.ETRC202306).
文摘Background:Questioned document examination(QDE)is a crucial sub-discipline of forensic science,and over the years,this discipline has developed a vast amount of research results and literature.However,the current studies have only reviewed the development of QDE for a period of time or a particular research direction,lacking a comprehensive review of this discipline since its origins.Aim:The aim of this study is to utilize bibliometric methods to review the history and development of QDE since 1934 and also to predict its future research trends.Materials:This study collects the literature of questioned document examination(QDE)from the Web of Science Core Collection database and uses four bibliometric analysis tools:CiteSpace,VOSviewer,SciMAT,and Bibliometric,to process relevant literature data.Methods:Through the analysis methods of journal co-citation analysis,keyword co-occurrence network analysis,literature cocitation analysis,and theme evolutionary analysis,the bibliometric data information in the QDE field is obtained,and a visualized knowledge mapping is constructed.Results:The results show that four research directions have been formed,basically.As far as the development trend of QDE research is concerned,the research field shows the change in content from cursory to detailed and in analysis from qualitative to quantitative,while the research field maintains a close relationship with chemical technology and computer science.Conclusions:The changes in QDE can be attributed to advancements in science and technology,which have influenced research methods.QDE also has a legal aspect,with a focus on enhancing scientific accuracy and evidentiary value.These developments aim to strengthen QDE’s identification power and promote its scientific and standardized growth.This will gradually enhance the reliability and strength of QDE evidence,making it more valuable in judicial practice.
文摘Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?
文摘Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What are some common factors that usually cause damage to trees when they are struck by lightning?2.How might the unique characteristics of a tree contribute to its ability to survive a lightning strike?
文摘Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?
基金supported by the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.23&ZD240)。
文摘It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.
基金Supported by the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University(No.LR15045)the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department Applied Basic Research Plan(No.101300243).
文摘Medical visual question answering(MedVQA)faces unique challenges due to the high precision required for images and the specialized nature of the questions.These challenges include insufficient feature extraction capabilities,a lack of textual priors,and incomplete information fusion and interaction.This paper proposes an enhanced bootstrapping language-image pre-training(BLIP)model for MedVQA based on multimodal feature augmentation and triple-path collaborative attention(FCA-BLIP)to address these issues.First,FCA-BLIP employs a unified bootstrap multimodal model architecture that integrates ResNet and bidirectional encoder representations from Transformer(BERT)models to enhance feature extraction capabilities.It enables a more precise analysis of the details in images and questions.Next,the pre-trained BLIP model is used to extract features from image-text sample pairs.The model can understand the semantic relationships and shared information between images and text.Finally,a novel attention structure is developed to fuse the multimodal feature vectors,thereby improving the alignment accuracy between modalities.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in clinical visual question-answering tasks.For the MedVQA task of staging diabetic macular edema in fundus imaging,the proposed method outperforms the existing major models in several performance metrics.
文摘In maths,some calculations are just as hard as word problems.Actually,they are word problems.Strategies of solving problems must be applied,while you are doing such calculations.Now,let's discuss a few questions as examples.
基金Supported by Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.B2023043)Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project(No.22B0386)+1 种基金Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(No.20256982)Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Campus Level Research Fund Project(No.2022XJZKC004).
文摘AIM:To develop a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge graph(KG)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)diagnosis and treatment by integrating literature and medical records,thereby enhancing TCM knowledge accessibility and providing innovative approaches for TCM inheritance and DR management.METHODS:First,a KG framework was established with a schema-layer design.Second,high-quality literature and electronic medical records served as data sources.Named entity recognition was performed using the ALBERT-BiLSTMCRF model,and semantic relationships were curated by domain experts.Third,knowledge fusion was mainly achieved through an alias library.Subsequently,the data layer was mapped to the schema layer to refine the KG,and knowledge was stored in Neo4j.Finally,exploratory work on intelligent question answering was conducted based on the constructed KG.RESULTS:In Neo4j,a KG for TCM diagnosis and treatment was constructed,incorporating 6 types of labels,5 types of relationships,5 types of attributes,822 nodes,and 1,318 relationship instances.This systematic KG supports logical reasoning and intelligent question answering.The question answering model achieved a precision of 95%,a recall of 95%,and a weighted F1-score of 95%.CONCLUSION:This study proposes a semi-automatic knowledge-mapping scheme to balance integration efficiency and accuracy.Clinical data-driven entity and relationship construction enables digital dialectical reasoning.Exploratory applications show the KG’s potential in intelligent question answering,providing new insights for TCM health management.
文摘With the advancements in parameter-efficient transfer learning techniques,it has become feasible to leverage large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks under low-cost and low-resource conditions.However,applying this technique to multimodal knowledge transfer introduces a significant challenge:ensuring alignment across modalities while minimizing the number of additional parameters required for downstream task adaptation.This paper introduces UniTrans,a framework aimed at facilitating efficient knowledge transfer across multiple modalities.UniTrans leverages Vector-based Cross-modal Random Matrix Adaptation to enable fine-tuning with minimal parameter overhead.To further enhance modality alignment,we introduce two key components:the Multimodal Consistency Alignment Module and the Query-Augmentation Side Network,specifically optimized for scenarios with extremely limited trainable parameters.Extensive evaluations on various cross-modal downstream tasks demonstrate that our approach surpasses state-of-the-art methods while using just 5%of their trainable parameters.Additionally,it achieves superior performance compared to fully fine-tuned models on certain benchmarks.
基金supported by“National Social Science Foundation of China 2020”(Grant No.20CSS011).
文摘When it comes to the Taiwan question,people tend to focus on American factors.However,if tracing the source,the Japanese factors may be more profound than the American ones.After World War II,a group of intellectuals from Taiwan represented by Thomas W.I.Liao established various“Taiwan independence”organizations in Japan and engaged in“Taiwan independence”activities,which can be regarded as the origin of the post-war“Taiwan independence”movement.Their journey to“Taiwan independence”was also influenced by the political situation at home and abroad at that time,and their experiences also showed that the“Taiwan independence”elements were just victims of international political transactions.The Taiwan question,which continues to this day,has been influenced by the complicated international political situation from the very beginning.
文摘在小学英语教学中,单元整体教学法逐渐成为提升教学质量的有效途径。本文以译林版英语三年级下册Unit 3 School rules为例,深入探讨了问题引领单元整体教学的设计原则与实施策略。通过设计具有启发性、整合性、以学生为中心及实践创新性的问题,本文旨在构建一个高效、互动、探究式的英语学习环境。研究结果显示,该教学模式能够显著提高学生的英语学习兴趣与综合能力,促进学生对学习规则的理解与遵守。
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China’s Art Program“Study on the Transformation of Tang and Song Calligraphy through the Perspective of Media Change and Engraved Plate Printing”(Project No.2020BF00876).
文摘The origin of engraving and printing has a variety of points of view,especially the“early Tang Dynasty”has the most far-reaching impact.Based on media evolution theory,engraved printing as a new media technology is first used in secular culture,folk entertainment,and other fields,after a long period of development,the new medium was accepted by the ruling class,the mainstream society;the use of the media began to intervene in the real society.This reflects that the choice of new media by the society depends on the media itself and is intrinsically linked to the whole social communication environment.Therefore,from the point of view of media evolution,the view that engraving originated in the early Tang Dynasty is not in line with the logic of media evolution and is unreasonable.
文摘Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.Suppose you are planning a trip to Antarctica and want to visit Don Juan Pond,what special preparations would you need to make compared to a normal trip?2.In your opinion,how could the unique features of Don Juan Pond be used to develop educational programs for high school students?
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.The funding numbers 62433005,62272036,62132003,and 62173167.
文摘The consultation intention of emergency decision-makers in urban rail transit(URT)is input into the emergency knowledge base in the form of domain questions to obtain emergency decision support services.This approach facilitates the rapid collection of complete knowledge and rules to form effective decisions.However,the current structured degree of the URT emergency knowledge base remains low,and the domain questions lack labeled datasets,resulting in a large deviation between the consultation outcomes and the intended objectives.To address this issue,this paper proposes a question intention recognition model for the URT emergency domain,leveraging knowledge graph(KG)and data enhancement technology.First,a structured storage of emergency cases and emergency plans is realized based on KG.Subsequently,a comprehensive question template is developed,and the labeled dataset of emergency domain questions in URT is generated through the KG.Lastly,data enhancement is applied by prompt learning and the NLP Chinese Data Augmentation(NLPCDA)tool,and the intention recognition model combining Generalized Auto-regression Pre-training for Language Understanding(XLNet)and Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Text Classification(TextRCNN)is constructed.Word embeddings are generated by XLNet,context information is further captured using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network(BiLSTM),and salient features are extracted with Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can enhance the clarity of classification and the identification of domain questions,thereby providing supportive knowledge for emergency decision-making in URT.
