In this investigation work, FA （fatty acids） components produced by Oak tree fruits were determined as a fat content in acorn, pericarp and cupules in the three Oak species （Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and...In this investigation work, FA （fatty acids） components produced by Oak tree fruits were determined as a fat content in acorn, pericarp and cupules in the three Oak species （Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria）. The plant samples were collected in Khamza Mountain Oak forest of Sulaimani/Kurdistan Region during October 2008. Exposed to air room temperature for drying and ground to fine powder by electric blender then stored in a plastic containers at 4 ℃. In the preliminary step, fat detected from acorn, pericarp and cuplules by ＂Soxhlet＂ method and the various FA （saturated＆unsaturated） were separated and determined by GLC （gas liquid chromatography）. The amount of saturated FA in the acorn of the Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria were more than 25%, 7% and 18% while in the pericarp were more than 9%, 12% and 11%, but in the cuplules were more than 9%, 10% and 10%, respectively. The amount of unsaturated FA in the acorn of the Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria were more than 70%, 91% and 79% while in the pericarp were more than 87%, 84% and 81%, but in the cuplules were more than 87%, 88% and 84%, respectively. The most abundant FA found in the acorn, pericarp and cuplules were Oleic followed by Lenoleic, except the cuplules of Q. infectoria, the most abundant FA was Lenoleic followed by Oleic.展开更多
This study was conducted to determine primary metabolites （protein, fat and total carbohydrate） and energy in various parts of Oak fruit （cotyledon, pericarp and cupules） for each of Quercus aegilops Subsp. branti...This study was conducted to determine primary metabolites （protein, fat and total carbohydrate） and energy in various parts of Oak fruit （cotyledon, pericarp and cupules） for each of Quercus aegilops Subsp. brantii, Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani. Oak fruits were collected during October in 2008 from three different native species of Quercus spp. in Khamza Mountain oak forest in Sulaimani city of Iraqi Kurdistan. The fruit samples were dried for moisture by oven and ash by Muffle Furnace. Samples were also analyzed for protein by Kjeldahl, fat by Soxhlet, total carbohydrate and energy by calculation （Atwater system）. This study revealed significant and high significant differences （P _〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01） by using Duncan＇ s multiple range as a test of comparisons between means of studied species for various parts of oak fruits in content of energy and food compounds for each part of oak fruit. The energy content for cotyledon was 404.826-410.558 kcal/100g DM; pericarp, 397.618-406.850 kcal/100g DM and cupules, 387.100-391.109 kcal/100g DM; the maximum value for energy content was found in cotyledon of Q. infectoria. Protein content in cotyledon was 3.406-5.426% DM; pericarp, 2.542-2.609% DM and cupules, 1.272-2.066% DM, that cotyledon ofQ. aegilops Subsp. brantii contain highest amount of protein. Fat content in cotyledon was 3.375-3.942% DM; pericarp, 1.754-2.766% DM and cupules, 1.464-2.165% DM, maximum content of fat was found in cotyledon of Q. infectoria. Total Carbohydrate content in cotyledon was 88.491-90.364% DM; pericarp, 92.486-92.947% DM and cupules, 90.594-92.977% DM, the cupules of Q. infectoria contained highest content of total Carbohydrate.展开更多
Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as growth.Howev...Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as growth.However,as nutrients become less available in the soil,the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues(plant internal cycling)helps sustain tree nutrition.Our study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter(RHRL)during five years on tree growth,wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest stands.Result:Our study found that,RHRL significantly decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark rings.RHRL also significantly reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied species.Mg,Na and S were found lower by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectively,in near bark area of beech trees.In near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were lower by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectively.K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two elements.Conclusion:In beech trees,wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on tree growth and biomass.Soil nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients con-tained in older tree rings(close to the pith)towards newly formed rings(close to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycled major nutrient.These results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility status.展开更多
Acorn production in oaks(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting.The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculat...Acorn production in oaks(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting.The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in an ancient mixed woodland during two moderate masting years.Comparisons were made between natural pollination,hand pollinations with out-of-stand pollen,in-stand pollen or a 1:1 combination of the two pollen sources,and for bagged flowers left unpollinated.After all treatments,>85%of the flowers or developing acorns were aborted between May and August of both years.When flowers were protected with pollen bags and no pollen added,no acorns were produced.In contrast,hand pollination with out-of-stand pollen produced the most acorns both years and significantly more than within-stand pollen or natural pollination in 2022.Hand pollination with out-of-stand or within-stand pollen provided significantly more acorns than natural pollination in 2023.In 2022,hand pollination with a 1:1 mixture of out-of-stand and within-stand pollen yielded an intermediate number of mature acorns between those for the out-of-stand and within-stand pollination treatments.The study provides clear evidence of maternal choice during acorn development in pedunculate oak and of the benefits of pollen supplementation.It also confirms that pedunculate oak is a fruit-maturation masting species;abortion of pollinated flowers and immature acorns determines a mast year(rather than the number of flowers produced)at this site.展开更多
Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short...Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids,and influence immune responses.However,their diversity and functional differences have created challenges for their development and therapeutic use.Recent studies have shown that specific Prevotella species,such as P.copri,P.intestinalis,and P.histicola,can strengthen gut barrier integrity and reduce metabolic imbalances.Notably,Prevotella populations can be increased through high-fiber or herbal-based treatments.Traditional herbal medicines,including fiber-rich decoctions,also demonstrate the potential to boost endogenous Prevotella communities,enhance microbial fermentation,and improve glucose and lipid balance.This perspective examines the context-dependent roles of Prevotella spp.,with emphasis on the functional heterogeneity of key species such as P.copri,suggests a framework for combining herbal modulation with species-level microbiota profiling,and outlines a research plan to explore microbe-herb synergy in treating obesity,type 2 diabetes,and related metabolic disorders.This strategy offers a new,ecology-based approach to complement standard metabolic interventions.展开更多
Cronobacter spp.has strong resistance to desiccation and high permeability in Enterobacteriaceae,and powdered infant formula(PIF)is one of the main contamination routes.In recent years,the contamination of Cronobacter...Cronobacter spp.has strong resistance to desiccation and high permeability in Enterobacteriaceae,and powdered infant formula(PIF)is one of the main contamination routes.In recent years,the contamination of Cronobacter spp.in PIF incidents occurs from time to time,causing infant serious diseases or death.In this investigation,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the phenotypes of 35 Cronobacter strains isolated from PIF and its processing environment.Subsequently,the isolates were evaluated for drying and osmotic pressure tolerance.The results showed that the deactivation rate of the strains ranged from 9.01%to 77.57%,and the highest osmotic pressure condition the strains could tolerate was 6 g/100 mL Na Cl.In addition,there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation ability and desiccation resistance.Combined with transcriptomics,Cronobacter spp.could activate biofilm synthesis,produce more trehalose,accumulate betaine and electrolytes to stabilize intracellular structure under the two treatment conditions.A total of 31 and 43 genes were found related to desiccation and permeability resistance,respectively.And some genes(cysM,thuF,ycjO,etc.)were found to be associated with two tolerances for the first time.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)gene expression for postoperative survival in patients with advanced liver cancer undergoing hepatic artery interventional chemoembolization...Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)gene expression for postoperative survival in patients with advanced liver cancer undergoing hepatic artery interventional chemoembolization treatment.Method:Bioinformatics methods,including gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis,were used to identify genes related to survival prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.A retrospective analysis of 115 advanced liver cancer patients treated between January 2016 and October 2017 was conducted.Patients were categorized into SPP1 high-expression(n=89)and low-expression groups(n=26).Additionally,115 healthy individuals served as the control group.The relationship between SPP1 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed.A 60-month follow-up and logistic regression analysis identified risk factors affecting survival.Results:SPP1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in liver cancer patients compared to healthy controls(P<0.05).SPP1 expression levels were significantly associated with tumor size,Child-Pugh grading,lymph node metastasis,and BCLC staging(P<0.05).High SPP1 expression,along with tumor size,Child-Pugh grading,lymph node metastasis,and BCLC staging,were independent risk factors for survival(P<0.05).The 60-month survival rate was 17.39%,with a median survival of 40 months in the low-expression group versus 18 months in the high-expression group(P<0.05).Conclusion:SPP1 expression is significantly upregulated in advanced liver cancer patients and has predictive value for postoperative survival following hepatic artery chemoembolization treatment.SPP1,combined with clinical indicators such as tumor size,Child-Pugh grading,lymph node metastasis,and BCLC staging,may serve as a prognostic biomarker for interventional treatment outcomes.展开更多
文摘In this investigation work, FA （fatty acids） components produced by Oak tree fruits were determined as a fat content in acorn, pericarp and cupules in the three Oak species （Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria）. The plant samples were collected in Khamza Mountain Oak forest of Sulaimani/Kurdistan Region during October 2008. Exposed to air room temperature for drying and ground to fine powder by electric blender then stored in a plastic containers at 4 ℃. In the preliminary step, fat detected from acorn, pericarp and cuplules by ＂Soxhlet＂ method and the various FA （saturated＆unsaturated） were separated and determined by GLC （gas liquid chromatography）. The amount of saturated FA in the acorn of the Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria were more than 25%, 7% and 18% while in the pericarp were more than 9%, 12% and 11%, but in the cuplules were more than 9%, 10% and 10%, respectively. The amount of unsaturated FA in the acorn of the Q. aegilops subsp brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria were more than 70%, 91% and 79% while in the pericarp were more than 87%, 84% and 81%, but in the cuplules were more than 87%, 88% and 84%, respectively. The most abundant FA found in the acorn, pericarp and cuplules were Oleic followed by Lenoleic, except the cuplules of Q. infectoria, the most abundant FA was Lenoleic followed by Oleic.
文摘This study was conducted to determine primary metabolites （protein, fat and total carbohydrate） and energy in various parts of Oak fruit （cotyledon, pericarp and cupules） for each of Quercus aegilops Subsp. brantii, Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani. Oak fruits were collected during October in 2008 from three different native species of Quercus spp. in Khamza Mountain oak forest in Sulaimani city of Iraqi Kurdistan. The fruit samples were dried for moisture by oven and ash by Muffle Furnace. Samples were also analyzed for protein by Kjeldahl, fat by Soxhlet, total carbohydrate and energy by calculation （Atwater system）. This study revealed significant and high significant differences （P _〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01） by using Duncan＇ s multiple range as a test of comparisons between means of studied species for various parts of oak fruits in content of energy and food compounds for each part of oak fruit. The energy content for cotyledon was 404.826-410.558 kcal/100g DM; pericarp, 397.618-406.850 kcal/100g DM and cupules, 387.100-391.109 kcal/100g DM; the maximum value for energy content was found in cotyledon of Q. infectoria. Protein content in cotyledon was 3.406-5.426% DM; pericarp, 2.542-2.609% DM and cupules, 1.272-2.066% DM, that cotyledon ofQ. aegilops Subsp. brantii contain highest amount of protein. Fat content in cotyledon was 3.375-3.942% DM; pericarp, 1.754-2.766% DM and cupules, 1.464-2.165% DM, maximum content of fat was found in cotyledon of Q. infectoria. Total Carbohydrate content in cotyledon was 88.491-90.364% DM; pericarp, 92.486-92.947% DM and cupules, 90.594-92.977% DM, the cupules of Q. infectoria contained highest content of total Carbohydrate.
基金This work was supported within the XyloDensMap project,INRAE funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture under the convention n°A6.01/2017.
文摘Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as growth.However,as nutrients become less available in the soil,the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues(plant internal cycling)helps sustain tree nutrition.Our study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter(RHRL)during five years on tree growth,wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest stands.Result:Our study found that,RHRL significantly decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark rings.RHRL also significantly reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied species.Mg,Na and S were found lower by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectively,in near bark area of beech trees.In near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were lower by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectively.K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two elements.Conclusion:In beech trees,wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on tree growth and biomass.Soil nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients con-tained in older tree rings(close to the pith)towards newly formed rings(close to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycled major nutrient.These results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility status.
基金supported by Future Trees TrustThe Patsy Wood Trust+2 种基金Scottish Forestry TrustAitchinson Tait TrustAction Oak
文摘Acorn production in oaks(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting.The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in an ancient mixed woodland during two moderate masting years.Comparisons were made between natural pollination,hand pollinations with out-of-stand pollen,in-stand pollen or a 1:1 combination of the two pollen sources,and for bagged flowers left unpollinated.After all treatments,>85%of the flowers or developing acorns were aborted between May and August of both years.When flowers were protected with pollen bags and no pollen added,no acorns were produced.In contrast,hand pollination with out-of-stand pollen produced the most acorns both years and significantly more than within-stand pollen or natural pollination in 2022.Hand pollination with out-of-stand or within-stand pollen provided significantly more acorns than natural pollination in 2023.In 2022,hand pollination with a 1:1 mixture of out-of-stand and within-stand pollen yielded an intermediate number of mature acorns between those for the out-of-stand and within-stand pollination treatments.The study provides clear evidence of maternal choice during acorn development in pedunculate oak and of the benefits of pollen supplementation.It also confirms that pedunculate oak is a fruit-maturation masting species;abortion of pollinated flowers and immature acorns determines a mast year(rather than the number of flowers produced)at this site.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2020R1F1A1074155).
文摘Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids,and influence immune responses.However,their diversity and functional differences have created challenges for their development and therapeutic use.Recent studies have shown that specific Prevotella species,such as P.copri,P.intestinalis,and P.histicola,can strengthen gut barrier integrity and reduce metabolic imbalances.Notably,Prevotella populations can be increased through high-fiber or herbal-based treatments.Traditional herbal medicines,including fiber-rich decoctions,also demonstrate the potential to boost endogenous Prevotella communities,enhance microbial fermentation,and improve glucose and lipid balance.This perspective examines the context-dependent roles of Prevotella spp.,with emphasis on the functional heterogeneity of key species such as P.copri,suggests a framework for combining herbal modulation with species-level microbiota profiling,and outlines a research plan to explore microbe-herb synergy in treating obesity,type 2 diabetes,and related metabolic disorders.This strategy offers a new,ecology-based approach to complement standard metabolic interventions.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20272)。
文摘Cronobacter spp.has strong resistance to desiccation and high permeability in Enterobacteriaceae,and powdered infant formula(PIF)is one of the main contamination routes.In recent years,the contamination of Cronobacter spp.in PIF incidents occurs from time to time,causing infant serious diseases or death.In this investigation,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the phenotypes of 35 Cronobacter strains isolated from PIF and its processing environment.Subsequently,the isolates were evaluated for drying and osmotic pressure tolerance.The results showed that the deactivation rate of the strains ranged from 9.01%to 77.57%,and the highest osmotic pressure condition the strains could tolerate was 6 g/100 mL Na Cl.In addition,there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation ability and desiccation resistance.Combined with transcriptomics,Cronobacter spp.could activate biofilm synthesis,produce more trehalose,accumulate betaine and electrolytes to stabilize intracellular structure under the two treatment conditions.A total of 31 and 43 genes were found related to desiccation and permeability resistance,respectively.And some genes(cysM,thuF,ycjO,etc.)were found to be associated with two tolerances for the first time.
基金Medical Research Project of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau“Molecular Mechanism of miR-1305 Competitive Endogenous circRNA in the Development of Liver Cancer”(Project No.22YXYJ0134)General Project of Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology“Mechanism Study on the Inhibition of Liver Cancer Invasion and Metastasis by Downregulating METTL3 and Reducing the m6A Modification Level of MMP3 with Honokiol”(Project No.2023-YBSF-631)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)gene expression for postoperative survival in patients with advanced liver cancer undergoing hepatic artery interventional chemoembolization treatment.Method:Bioinformatics methods,including gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis,were used to identify genes related to survival prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.A retrospective analysis of 115 advanced liver cancer patients treated between January 2016 and October 2017 was conducted.Patients were categorized into SPP1 high-expression(n=89)and low-expression groups(n=26).Additionally,115 healthy individuals served as the control group.The relationship between SPP1 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed.A 60-month follow-up and logistic regression analysis identified risk factors affecting survival.Results:SPP1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in liver cancer patients compared to healthy controls(P<0.05).SPP1 expression levels were significantly associated with tumor size,Child-Pugh grading,lymph node metastasis,and BCLC staging(P<0.05).High SPP1 expression,along with tumor size,Child-Pugh grading,lymph node metastasis,and BCLC staging,were independent risk factors for survival(P<0.05).The 60-month survival rate was 17.39%,with a median survival of 40 months in the low-expression group versus 18 months in the high-expression group(P<0.05).Conclusion:SPP1 expression is significantly upregulated in advanced liver cancer patients and has predictive value for postoperative survival following hepatic artery chemoembolization treatment.SPP1,combined with clinical indicators such as tumor size,Child-Pugh grading,lymph node metastasis,and BCLC staging,may serve as a prognostic biomarker for interventional treatment outcomes.
