Active distribution network(ADN)planning is crucial for achieving a cost-effective transition to modern power systems,yet it poses significant challenges as the system scale increases.The advent of quantum computing o...Active distribution network(ADN)planning is crucial for achieving a cost-effective transition to modern power systems,yet it poses significant challenges as the system scale increases.The advent of quantum computing offers a transformative approach to solve ADN planning.To fully leverage the potential of quantum computing,this paper proposes a photonic quantum acceleration algorithm.First,a quantum-accelerated framework for ADN planning is proposed on the basis of coherent photonic quantum computers.The ADN planning model is then formulated and decomposed into discrete master problems and continuous subproblems to facilitate the quantum optimization process.The photonic quantum-embedded adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers(PQA-ADMM)algorithm is subsequently proposed to equivalently map the discrete master problem onto a quantum-interpretable model,enabling its deployment on a photonic quantum computer.Finally,a comparative analysis with various solvers,including Gurobi,demonstrates that the proposed PQA-ADMM algorithm achieves significant speedup on the modified IEEE 33-node and IEEE 123-node systems,highlighting its effectiveness.展开更多
Although AI and quantum computing (QC) are fast emerging as key enablers of the future Internet, experts believe they pose an existential threat to humanity. Responding to the frenzied release of ChatGPT/GPT-4, thousa...Although AI and quantum computing (QC) are fast emerging as key enablers of the future Internet, experts believe they pose an existential threat to humanity. Responding to the frenzied release of ChatGPT/GPT-4, thousands of alarmed tech leaders recently signed an open letter to pause AI research to prepare for the catastrophic threats to humanity from uncontrolled AGI (Artificial General Intelligence). Perceived as an “epistemological nightmare”, AGI is believed to be on the anvil with GPT-5. Two computing rules appear responsible for these risks. 1) Mandatory third-party permissions that allow computers to run applications at the expense of introducing vulnerabilities. 2) The Halting Problem of Turing-complete AI programming languages potentially renders AGI unstoppable. The double whammy of these inherent weaknesses remains invincible under the legacy systems. A recent cybersecurity breakthrough shows that banning all permissions reduces the computer attack surface to zero, delivering a new zero vulnerability computing (ZVC) paradigm. Deploying ZVC and blockchain, this paper formulates and supports a hypothesis: “Safe, secure, ethical, controllable AGI/QC is possible by conquering the two unassailable rules of computability.” Pursued by a European consortium, testing/proving the proposed hypothesis will have a groundbreaking impact on the future digital infrastructure when AGI/QC starts powering the 75 billion internet devices by 2025.展开更多
Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation.As quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era,building accurate intermediate...Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation.As quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era,building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holo-nomic quantum computers is clearly necessary.Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information,they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.Accordingly,developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance.However,while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates,the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking.In this study,we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates.Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.展开更多
In the 9 December 2024 issue of Nature[1],a team of Google engineers reported breakthrough results using“Willow”,their lat-est quantum computing chip(Fig.1).By meeting a milestone“below threshold”reduction in the ...In the 9 December 2024 issue of Nature[1],a team of Google engineers reported breakthrough results using“Willow”,their lat-est quantum computing chip(Fig.1).By meeting a milestone“below threshold”reduction in the rate of errors that plague super-conducting circuit-based quantum computing systems(Fig.2),the work moves the field another step towards its promised super-charged applications,albeit likely still many years away.Areas expected to benefit from quantum computing include,among others,drug discovery,materials science,finance,cybersecurity,and machine learning.展开更多
A team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and its partners have made significant advancements in random quantum circuit sampling with Zuch...A team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and its partners have made significant advancements in random quantum circuit sampling with Zuchongzhi-3,a superconducting quantum computing prototype featuring 105 qubits and 182 couplers.展开更多
As a common foodborne pathogen,Salmonella poses risks to public health safety,common given the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains.However,there is currently a lack of systematic platforms based on large lang...As a common foodborne pathogen,Salmonella poses risks to public health safety,common given the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains.However,there is currently a lack of systematic platforms based on large language models(LLMs)for Salmonella resistance prediction,data presentation,and data sharing.To overcome this issue,we firstly propose a two-step feature-selection process based on the chi-square test and conditional mutual information maximization to find the key Salmonella resistance genes in a pan-genomics analysis and develop an LLM-based Salmonella antimicrobial-resistance predictive(SARPLLM)algorithm to achieve accurate antimicrobial-resistance prediction,based on Qwen2 LLM and low-rank adaptation.Secondly,we optimize the time complexity to compute the sample distance from the linear to logarithmic level by constructing a quantum data augmentation algorithm denoted as QSMOTEN.Thirdly,we build up a user-friendly Salmonella antimicrobial-resistance predictive online platform based on knowledge graphs,which not only facilitates online resistance prediction for users but also visualizes the pan-genomics analysis results of the Salmonella datasets.展开更多
Effective resource management in the Internet of Things and fog computing is essential for efficient and scalable networks.However,existing methods often fail in dynamic and high-demand environments,leading to resourc...Effective resource management in the Internet of Things and fog computing is essential for efficient and scalable networks.However,existing methods often fail in dynamic and high-demand environments,leading to resource bottlenecks and increased energy consumption.This study aims to address these limitations by proposing the Quantum Inspired Adaptive Resource Management(QIARM)model,which introduces novel algorithms inspired by quantum principles for enhanced resource allocation.QIARM employs a quantum superposition-inspired technique for multi-state resource representation and an adaptive learning component to adjust resources in real time dynamically.In addition,an energy-aware scheduling module minimizes power consumption by selecting optimal configurations based on energy metrics.The simulation was carried out in a 360-minute environment with eight distinct scenarios.This study introduces a novel quantum-inspired resource management framework that achieves up to 98%task offload success and reduces energy consumption by 20%,addressing critical challenges of scalability and efficiency in dynamic fog computing environments.展开更多
We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of ...We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.展开更多
This study aims to develop a quantum computing-based neurocognitive architecture that allows an agent to perform autonomous behaviors.Therefore,we present a brain-inspired cognitive architecture for autonomous agents ...This study aims to develop a quantum computing-based neurocognitive architecture that allows an agent to perform autonomous behaviors.Therefore,we present a brain-inspired cognitive architecture for autonomous agents that integrates a prefrontal cortex-inspired model with modern deep learning(a transformer-based reinforcement learning module)and quantum algorithms.In particular,our framework incorporates quantum computational routines(Deutsch-Jozsa,Bernstein-Vazirani,and Grover’s search)to enhance decision-making efficiency.As a novelty of this research,this comprehensive computational structure is empowered by quantum computing operations so that superiority in speed and robustness of learning compared to classical methods can be demonstrated.Another main contribution is that the proposed architecture offers some features,such as meta-cognition and situation awareness.The meta-cognition aspect is responsible for hierarchically learning sub-tasks,enabling the agent to achieve the master goal.The situation-awareness property identifies how spatial-temporal reasoning activities related to the world model of the agent can be extracted in a dynamic simulation environment with unstructured uncertainties by quantum computation-based machine learning algorithms with the explainable artificial intelligence paradigm.In this research,the Minecraft game-based simulation environment is utilized for the experimental evaluation of performance and verification tests within complex,multi-objective tasks related to the autonomous behaviors of a smart agent.By implementing several interaction scenarios,the results of the system performance and comparative superiority over alternative solutions are presented,and it is discussed how these autonomous behaviors and cognitive skills of a smart agent can be improved in further studies.Results show that the quantum-enhanced agent achieves faster convergence to an 80%task 2×success rate in exploration tasks and approximately 15%higher cumulative rewards compared to a classical deep RL baseline.These findings demonstrate the potential of quantum algorithms to significantly improve learning and performance in cognitive agent architectures.However,advantages are task-specific and less pronounced under high-uncertainty,reactive scenarios.Limitations of the simulation environment are acknowledged,and a structured future research roadmap is proposed involving highfidelity simulation validation,hardware-in-the-loop robotic testing,and integration of advanced hybrid quantum-classical architectures.展开更多
In the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era,a single quantum processing unit(QPU)is insufficient to implement large-scale quantum algorithms;this has driven extensive research into distributed quantum com...In the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era,a single quantum processing unit(QPU)is insufficient to implement large-scale quantum algorithms;this has driven extensive research into distributed quantum computing(DQC).DQC involves the cooperative operation of multiple QPUs but is concurrently challenged by excessive communication complexity.To address this issue,this paper proposes a quantum circuit partitioning method based on spectral clustering.The approach transforms quantum circuits into weighted graphs and,through computation of the Laplacian matrix and clustering techniques,identifies candidate partition schemes that minimize the total weight of the cut.Additionally,a global gate search tree strategy is introduced to meticulously explore opportunities for merged transfer of global gates,thereby minimizing the transmission cost of distributed quantum circuits and selecting the optimal partition scheme from the candidates.Finally,the proposed method is evaluated through various comparative experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that spectral clustering-based partitioning exhibits robust stability and efficiency in runtime in quantum circuits of different scales.In experiments involving the quantum Fourier transform algorithm and Revlib quantum circuits,the transmission cost achieved by the global gate search tree strategy is significantly optimized.展开更多
Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains...Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent.Given the restricted control technology,how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial.Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion–phonon and effective ion–ion couplings while ignoring the first-order derivative terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects.This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions.By introducing the first-order derivative terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function,we generate an extremely robust Mølmer–Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10^(−3) under a drift noise range of±10 kHz,the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of±5%,compared to the 200-kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes,and for time noise drift,the tolerance reached to 2%.Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivative terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization,especially the first-order derivative terms of ion–ion coupling.It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.展开更多
Traditional quantum circuit scheduling approaches underutilize the inherent parallelism of quantum computation in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum(NISQ)era,overlook the inter-layer operations can be further parall...Traditional quantum circuit scheduling approaches underutilize the inherent parallelism of quantum computation in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum(NISQ)era,overlook the inter-layer operations can be further parallelized.Based on this,two quantum circuit scheduling optimization approaches are designed and integrated into the quantum circuit compilation process.Firstly,we introduce the Layered Topology Scheduling Approach(LTSA),which employs a greedy algorithm and leverages the principles of topological sorting in graph theory.LTSA allocates quantum gates to a layered structure,maximizing the concurrent execution of quantum gate operations.Secondly,the Layerwise Conflict Resolution Approach(LCRA)is proposed.LCRA focuses on utilizing directly executable quantum gates within layers.Through the insertion of SWAP gates and conflict resolution checks,it minimizes conflicts and enhances parallelism,thereby optimizing the overall computational efficiency.Experimental findings indicate that LTSA and LCRA individually achieve a noteworthy reduction of 51.1%and 53.2%,respectively,in the number of inserted SWAP gates.Additionally,they contribute to a decrease in hardware gate overhead by 14.7%and 15%,respectively.Considering the intricate nature of quantum circuits and the temporal dependencies among different layers,the amalgamation of both approaches leads to a remarkable 51.6%reduction in inserted SWAP gates and a 14.8%decrease in hardware gate overhead.These results underscore the efficacy of the combined LTSA and LCRA in optimizing quantum circuit compilation.展开更多
Radio frequency(RF)reflectometry is an effective and sensitive technique for detecting charge signal in semiconductor quantum dots,and its measurement bandwidth can reach the MHz level.However,in accumulation mode dev...Radio frequency(RF)reflectometry is an effective and sensitive technique for detecting charge signal in semiconductor quantum dots,and its measurement bandwidth can reach the MHz level.However,in accumulation mode devices,the presence of parasitic capacitance makes RF reflectometry more difficult.The universal approach is relocating the ion implantation region approximately 10μm from the center of the single-electron transistor(SET)and optimizing the design of the accumulation gates.But,this method puts forward more stringent requirements for micro-nano fabrication processing.Here,we propose a split-gate structure that enables RF reflectometry when the ion-implanted region and the ohmic contact are farther from the SET center.In Si-MOS devices,we employ a split-gate structure to achieve RF detection,with the ion-implanted region located 150μm away from the center of the SET.Within an integration time of 140 nanoseconds,we achieved a readout fidelity exceeding 99.8%and a detection bandwidth of over 2 MHz.This is an alternative solution for micro-nano fabrication processing that cannot achieve ion implantation areas closer to the center of the chip,and is applicable to various silicon-based semiconductor systems.展开更多
We propose a hybrid quantum-classical method,the quantum-enriched large eddy simulation(QELES),for simulating turbulence.The QELES combines the large-scale motion of the large eddy simulation(LES)and the subgrid motio...We propose a hybrid quantum-classical method,the quantum-enriched large eddy simulation(QELES),for simulating turbulence.The QELES combines the large-scale motion of the large eddy simulation(LES)and the subgrid motion of the incompressible Schrodinger flow(ISF).The ISF is a possible way to be simulated on a quantum computer,and it generates subgrid scale turbu-lent structures to enrich the LES field.The enriched LES field can be further used in turbulent combustion and multi-phase flows in which the subgrid scale motion plays an important role.As a conceptual study,we perform the simulations of ISF and LES separately on a classical computer to simulate decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence.Then,the QEI ES velocity is obtained by the time matching and the spectral blending methods.The QEL ES achieves significant improvement in predicting the energy spectrum,probaility density functions of velocity and vorticity components,and velocity structure functions,and reconstructs coherent small-scales vortices in the direct numerical simulation(DNS).On the other hand,the vortices in the QELES are less elongated and tangled than those in the DNS,and the magnitude of the third-order structure function in the QELES is less than that in the DNS,due to the diferent constitutive relations in the viscous flow and ISE.展开更多
Adiabatic holonomic gates possess the geometric robustness of adiabatic geometric phases,i.e.,dependence only on the evolution path of the parameter space but not on the evolution details of the quantum system,which,w...Adiabatic holonomic gates possess the geometric robustness of adiabatic geometric phases,i.e.,dependence only on the evolution path of the parameter space but not on the evolution details of the quantum system,which,when coordinated with decoherence-free subspaces,permits additional resilience to the collective dephasing environment.However,the previous scheme[Phys.Rev.Lett.95130501(2005)]of adiabatic holonomic quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces requires four-body interaction that is challenging in practical implementation.In this work,we put forward a scheme to realize universal adiabatic holonomic quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces using only realistically available two-body interaction,thereby avoiding the difficulty of implementing four-body interaction.Furthermore,an arbitrary one-qubit gate in our scheme can be realized by a single-shot implementation,which eliminates the need to combine multiple gates for realizing such a gate.展开更多
Quantum error correction is essential for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing,where both the efficiency and accuracy of the decoding algorithms play critical roles.In this work,we introduce the implementation o...Quantum error correction is essential for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing,where both the efficiency and accuracy of the decoding algorithms play critical roles.In this work,we introduce the implementation of the PLANAR algorithm,a software framework designed for fast and exact decoding of quantum codes with a planar structure.The algorithm first converts the optimal decoding of quantum codes into a partition function computation problem of an Ising spin glass model.Then it utilizes the exact Kac–Ward formula to solve it.In this way,PLANAR offers the exact maximum likelihood decoding in polynomial complexity for quantum codes with a planar structure,including the surface code with independent code-capacity noise and the quantum repetition code with circuit-level noise.Unlike traditional minimumweight decoders such as minimum-weight perfect matching(MWPM),PLANAR achieves theoretically optimal performance while maintaining polynomial-time efficiency.In addition,to demonstrate its capabilities,we exemplify the implementation using the rotated surface code,a commonly used quantum error correction code with a planar structure,and show that PLANAR achieves a threshold of approximately p_(uc)≈0.109 under the depolarizing error model,with a time complexity scaling of O(N^(0.69)),where N is the number of spins in the Ising model.展开更多
Quantum computing is a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize many areas of science and technology,including communication.In this review,we discuss the current state of quantum computing in comm...Quantum computing is a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize many areas of science and technology,including communication.In this review,we discuss the current state of quantum computing in communication and its potential applications in various areas such as network optimization,signal processing,and machine learning for communication.First,the basic principle of quantum computing,quantum physics systems,and quantum algorithms are analyzed.Then,based on the classification of quantum algorithms,several important basic quantum algorithms,quantum optimization algorithms,and quantum machine learning algorithms are discussed in detail.Finally,the basic ideas and feasibility of introducing quantum algorithms into communications are emphatically analyzed,which provides a reference to address computational bottlenecks in communication networks.展开更多
Based on a review of 28 Horizon Europe-funded CCAM projects, this paper studies the current state of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) and identifies significant research gaps in taxonomy, cybersec...Based on a review of 28 Horizon Europe-funded CCAM projects, this paper studies the current state of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) and identifies significant research gaps in taxonomy, cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 6G research, that hinder the advancement of a future-ready CCAM infrastructure. The research emphasizes the crucial role of infrastructure in achieving autonomous mobility, shifting focus from the current vehicle-centric approach. It critiques the SAE J3016 taxonomy for its lack of emphasis on infrastructure and proposes an updated framework with an automation level dedicated to infrastructure automation. The paper highlights the existential threats posed by Quantum Computers (QC) and AI, stressing the need for quantum-safe cybersecurity measures and an ethical, controllable AI framework proposing a decentralized Collective Artificial Super Intelligence (CASI) framework. Identifying the critical need for a cooperative approach involving Road and Transport Authorities (RTAs) to achieve 100% vehicle connectivity and robust digital infrastructure, the study outlines the European Commission’s Vision 2050 goals, aiming for zero fatalities, zero emissions, and sustainable mobility. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research directions to accelerate the development of a comprehensive, secure, and efficient CCAM ecosystem.展开更多
Quantum Computing (QC) is hailed as the future of computers. After Google’s claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy in 2019, several groups challenged the claim. Some QC experts attribute catastrophic risks that unrestr...Quantum Computing (QC) is hailed as the future of computers. After Google’s claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy in 2019, several groups challenged the claim. Some QC experts attribute catastrophic risks that unrestrained QC may cause in the future by collapsing the current cryptographic cybersecurity infrastructure. These predictions are relevant only if QC becomes commercially viable and sustainable in the future. No technology can be a one-way ticket to catastrophe, and neither can the definition of superiority of that technology be. If there are catastrophic risks, large-scale QC can never enter the public domain as a minimum viable product (MVP) unless there are safeguards in place. Those safeguards should obviously become an integral part of the definition of its superiority over the legacy systems. NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) is pursuing the standardization of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as that safeguard. However, with all the 82 candidate PQCs failing and companies already offering QC as a service, there’s an urgent need for an alternate strategy to mitigate the impending Q-Day threat and render QC sustainable. Our research proposes a novel encryption-agnostic cybersecurity approach to safeguard QC. It articulates a comprehensive definition of an MVP that can potentially set a sustainable gold standard for defining commercially viable quantum advantage over classical computing.展开更多
Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is ...Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is considered practically impossible. The advent of quantum computers (QC) will worsen cybersecurity. QC will be a boon for data-intensive industries by drastically reducing the computing time from years to minutes. But QC will render our current cryptography vulnerable to quantum attacks, breaking nearly all modern cryptographic systems. Before QCs with sufficient qubits arrive, we must be ready with quantum-safe strategies to protect our ICT infrastructures. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is being aggressively pursued worldwide as a defence from the potential Q-day threat. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), in a rigorous process, tested 82 PQC schemes, 80 of which failed after the final round in 2022. Recently the remaining two PQCs were also cracked by a Swedish and a French team of cryptographers, placing NIST’s PQC standardization process in serious jeopardy. With all the NIST-evaluated PQCs failing, there’s an urgent need to explore alternate strategies. Although cybersecurity heavily relies on cryptography, recent evidence indicates that it can indeed transcend beyond encryption using Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) technology. ZVC is an encryption-agnostic absolute zero trust (AZT) approach that can potentially render computers quantum resistant by banning all third-party permissions, a root cause of most vulnerabilities. Unachievable in legacy systems, AZT is pursued by an experienced consortium of European partners to build compact, solid-state devices that are robust, resilient, energy-efficient, and with zero attack surface, rendering them resistant to malware and future Q-Day threats.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52307134the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xzy012025022)。
文摘Active distribution network(ADN)planning is crucial for achieving a cost-effective transition to modern power systems,yet it poses significant challenges as the system scale increases.The advent of quantum computing offers a transformative approach to solve ADN planning.To fully leverage the potential of quantum computing,this paper proposes a photonic quantum acceleration algorithm.First,a quantum-accelerated framework for ADN planning is proposed on the basis of coherent photonic quantum computers.The ADN planning model is then formulated and decomposed into discrete master problems and continuous subproblems to facilitate the quantum optimization process.The photonic quantum-embedded adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers(PQA-ADMM)algorithm is subsequently proposed to equivalently map the discrete master problem onto a quantum-interpretable model,enabling its deployment on a photonic quantum computer.Finally,a comparative analysis with various solvers,including Gurobi,demonstrates that the proposed PQA-ADMM algorithm achieves significant speedup on the modified IEEE 33-node and IEEE 123-node systems,highlighting its effectiveness.
文摘Although AI and quantum computing (QC) are fast emerging as key enablers of the future Internet, experts believe they pose an existential threat to humanity. Responding to the frenzied release of ChatGPT/GPT-4, thousands of alarmed tech leaders recently signed an open letter to pause AI research to prepare for the catastrophic threats to humanity from uncontrolled AGI (Artificial General Intelligence). Perceived as an “epistemological nightmare”, AGI is believed to be on the anvil with GPT-5. Two computing rules appear responsible for these risks. 1) Mandatory third-party permissions that allow computers to run applications at the expense of introducing vulnerabilities. 2) The Halting Problem of Turing-complete AI programming languages potentially renders AGI unstoppable. The double whammy of these inherent weaknesses remains invincible under the legacy systems. A recent cybersecurity breakthrough shows that banning all permissions reduces the computer attack surface to zero, delivering a new zero vulnerability computing (ZVC) paradigm. Deploying ZVC and blockchain, this paper formulates and supports a hypothesis: “Safe, secure, ethical, controllable AGI/QC is possible by conquering the two unassailable rules of computability.” Pursued by a European consortium, testing/proving the proposed hypothesis will have a groundbreaking impact on the future digital infrastructure when AGI/QC starts powering the 75 billion internet devices by 2025.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174224)。
文摘Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation.As quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era,building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holo-nomic quantum computers is clearly necessary.Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information,they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.Accordingly,developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance.However,while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates,the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking.In this study,we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates.Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.
文摘In the 9 December 2024 issue of Nature[1],a team of Google engineers reported breakthrough results using“Willow”,their lat-est quantum computing chip(Fig.1).By meeting a milestone“below threshold”reduction in the rate of errors that plague super-conducting circuit-based quantum computing systems(Fig.2),the work moves the field another step towards its promised super-charged applications,albeit likely still many years away.Areas expected to benefit from quantum computing include,among others,drug discovery,materials science,finance,cybersecurity,and machine learning.
文摘A team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and its partners have made significant advancements in random quantum circuit sampling with Zuchongzhi-3,a superconducting quantum computing prototype featuring 105 qubits and 182 couplers.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2021YFF1201200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62372316)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program key project(2024YFHZ0091).
文摘As a common foodborne pathogen,Salmonella poses risks to public health safety,common given the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains.However,there is currently a lack of systematic platforms based on large language models(LLMs)for Salmonella resistance prediction,data presentation,and data sharing.To overcome this issue,we firstly propose a two-step feature-selection process based on the chi-square test and conditional mutual information maximization to find the key Salmonella resistance genes in a pan-genomics analysis and develop an LLM-based Salmonella antimicrobial-resistance predictive(SARPLLM)algorithm to achieve accurate antimicrobial-resistance prediction,based on Qwen2 LLM and low-rank adaptation.Secondly,we optimize the time complexity to compute the sample distance from the linear to logarithmic level by constructing a quantum data augmentation algorithm denoted as QSMOTEN.Thirdly,we build up a user-friendly Salmonella antimicrobial-resistance predictive online platform based on knowledge graphs,which not only facilitates online resistance prediction for users but also visualizes the pan-genomics analysis results of the Salmonella datasets.
基金funded by Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2025R947)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Effective resource management in the Internet of Things and fog computing is essential for efficient and scalable networks.However,existing methods often fail in dynamic and high-demand environments,leading to resource bottlenecks and increased energy consumption.This study aims to address these limitations by proposing the Quantum Inspired Adaptive Resource Management(QIARM)model,which introduces novel algorithms inspired by quantum principles for enhanced resource allocation.QIARM employs a quantum superposition-inspired technique for multi-state resource representation and an adaptive learning component to adjust resources in real time dynamically.In addition,an energy-aware scheduling module minimizes power consumption by selecting optimal configurations based on energy metrics.The simulation was carried out in a 360-minute environment with eight distinct scenarios.This study introduces a novel quantum-inspired resource management framework that achieves up to 98%task offload success and reduces energy consumption by 20%,addressing critical challenges of scalability and efficiency in dynamic fog computing environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12441502,12122506,12204230,and 12404554)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0300404)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515020070)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20200714114522109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(2024M762114)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231727)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206 and 11974330)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.
文摘This study aims to develop a quantum computing-based neurocognitive architecture that allows an agent to perform autonomous behaviors.Therefore,we present a brain-inspired cognitive architecture for autonomous agents that integrates a prefrontal cortex-inspired model with modern deep learning(a transformer-based reinforcement learning module)and quantum algorithms.In particular,our framework incorporates quantum computational routines(Deutsch-Jozsa,Bernstein-Vazirani,and Grover’s search)to enhance decision-making efficiency.As a novelty of this research,this comprehensive computational structure is empowered by quantum computing operations so that superiority in speed and robustness of learning compared to classical methods can be demonstrated.Another main contribution is that the proposed architecture offers some features,such as meta-cognition and situation awareness.The meta-cognition aspect is responsible for hierarchically learning sub-tasks,enabling the agent to achieve the master goal.The situation-awareness property identifies how spatial-temporal reasoning activities related to the world model of the agent can be extracted in a dynamic simulation environment with unstructured uncertainties by quantum computation-based machine learning algorithms with the explainable artificial intelligence paradigm.In this research,the Minecraft game-based simulation environment is utilized for the experimental evaluation of performance and verification tests within complex,multi-objective tasks related to the autonomous behaviors of a smart agent.By implementing several interaction scenarios,the results of the system performance and comparative superiority over alternative solutions are presented,and it is discussed how these autonomous behaviors and cognitive skills of a smart agent can be improved in further studies.Results show that the quantum-enhanced agent achieves faster convergence to an 80%task 2×success rate in exploration tasks and approximately 15%higher cumulative rewards compared to a classical deep RL baseline.These findings demonstrate the potential of quantum algorithms to significantly improve learning and performance in cognitive agent architectures.However,advantages are task-specific and less pronounced under high-uncertainty,reactive scenarios.Limitations of the simulation environment are acknowledged,and a structured future research roadmap is proposed involving highfidelity simulation validation,hardware-in-the-loop robotic testing,and integration of advanced hybrid quantum-classical architectures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62072259)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20221411)+1 种基金the PhD Start-up Fund of Nantong University(Grant No.23B03)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of School of Information Science and Technology,Nantong University(Grant No.NTUSISTPR2405).
文摘In the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era,a single quantum processing unit(QPU)is insufficient to implement large-scale quantum algorithms;this has driven extensive research into distributed quantum computing(DQC).DQC involves the cooperative operation of multiple QPUs but is concurrently challenged by excessive communication complexity.To address this issue,this paper proposes a quantum circuit partitioning method based on spectral clustering.The approach transforms quantum circuits into weighted graphs and,through computation of the Laplacian matrix and clustering techniques,identifies candidate partition schemes that minimize the total weight of the cut.Additionally,a global gate search tree strategy is introduced to meticulously explore opportunities for merged transfer of global gates,thereby minimizing the transmission cost of distributed quantum circuits and selecting the optimal partition scheme from the candidates.Finally,the proposed method is evaluated through various comparative experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that spectral clustering-based partitioning exhibits robust stability and efficiency in runtime in quantum circuits of different scales.In experiments involving the quantum Fourier transform algorithm and Revlib quantum circuits,the transmission cost achieved by the global gate search tree strategy is significantly optimized.
文摘Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent.Given the restricted control technology,how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial.Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion–phonon and effective ion–ion couplings while ignoring the first-order derivative terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects.This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions.By introducing the first-order derivative terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function,we generate an extremely robust Mølmer–Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10^(−3) under a drift noise range of±10 kHz,the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of±5%,compared to the 200-kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes,and for time noise drift,the tolerance reached to 2%.Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivative terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization,especially the first-order derivative terms of ion–ion coupling.It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2022F035)the Cultivation Programme for Young Innovative Talents in Ordinary Higher Education Institutions of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.UNPYSCT-2020212)the Cultivation Programme for Young Innovative Talents in Scientific Research of Harbin University of Commerce(Grant No.2023-KYYWF-0983).
文摘Traditional quantum circuit scheduling approaches underutilize the inherent parallelism of quantum computation in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum(NISQ)era,overlook the inter-layer operations can be further parallelized.Based on this,two quantum circuit scheduling optimization approaches are designed and integrated into the quantum circuit compilation process.Firstly,we introduce the Layered Topology Scheduling Approach(LTSA),which employs a greedy algorithm and leverages the principles of topological sorting in graph theory.LTSA allocates quantum gates to a layered structure,maximizing the concurrent execution of quantum gate operations.Secondly,the Layerwise Conflict Resolution Approach(LCRA)is proposed.LCRA focuses on utilizing directly executable quantum gates within layers.Through the insertion of SWAP gates and conflict resolution checks,it minimizes conflicts and enhances parallelism,thereby optimizing the overall computational efficiency.Experimental findings indicate that LTSA and LCRA individually achieve a noteworthy reduction of 51.1%and 53.2%,respectively,in the number of inserted SWAP gates.Additionally,they contribute to a decrease in hardware gate overhead by 14.7%and 15%,respectively.Considering the intricate nature of quantum circuits and the temporal dependencies among different layers,the amalgamation of both approaches leads to a remarkable 51.6%reduction in inserted SWAP gates and a 14.8%decrease in hardware gate overhead.These results underscore the efficacy of the combined LTSA and LCRA in optimizing quantum circuit compilation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165207,12474490,12034018,and 92265113)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302300)the USTC Tang Scholarship.
文摘Radio frequency(RF)reflectometry is an effective and sensitive technique for detecting charge signal in semiconductor quantum dots,and its measurement bandwidth can reach the MHz level.However,in accumulation mode devices,the presence of parasitic capacitance makes RF reflectometry more difficult.The universal approach is relocating the ion implantation region approximately 10μm from the center of the single-electron transistor(SET)and optimizing the design of the accumulation gates.But,this method puts forward more stringent requirements for micro-nano fabrication processing.Here,we propose a split-gate structure that enables RF reflectometry when the ion-implanted region and the ohmic contact are farther from the SET center.In Si-MOS devices,we employ a split-gate structure to achieve RF detection,with the ion-implanted region located 150μm away from the center of the SET.Within an integration time of 140 nanoseconds,we achieved a readout fidelity exceeding 99.8%and a detection bandwidth of over 2 MHz.This is an alternative solution for micro-nano fabrication processing that cannot achieve ion implantation areas closer to the center of the chip,and is applicable to various silicon-based semiconductor systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11925201,and 11988102)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2020YFE0204200)the Xplore Prize.Numerical simulations were carried out on the TH-2A supercomputer in Guangzhou,China.
文摘We propose a hybrid quantum-classical method,the quantum-enriched large eddy simulation(QELES),for simulating turbulence.The QELES combines the large-scale motion of the large eddy simulation(LES)and the subgrid motion of the incompressible Schrodinger flow(ISF).The ISF is a possible way to be simulated on a quantum computer,and it generates subgrid scale turbu-lent structures to enrich the LES field.The enriched LES field can be further used in turbulent combustion and multi-phase flows in which the subgrid scale motion plays an important role.As a conceptual study,we perform the simulations of ISF and LES separately on a classical computer to simulate decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence.Then,the QEI ES velocity is obtained by the time matching and the spectral blending methods.The QEL ES achieves significant improvement in predicting the energy spectrum,probaility density functions of velocity and vorticity components,and velocity structure functions,and reconstructs coherent small-scales vortices in the direct numerical simulation(DNS).On the other hand,the vortices in the QELES are less elongated and tangled than those in the DNS,and the magnitude of the third-order structure function in the QELES is less than that in the DNS,due to the diferent constitutive relations in the viscous flow and ISE.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12305021)。
文摘Adiabatic holonomic gates possess the geometric robustness of adiabatic geometric phases,i.e.,dependence only on the evolution path of the parameter space but not on the evolution details of the quantum system,which,when coordinated with decoherence-free subspaces,permits additional resilience to the collective dephasing environment.However,the previous scheme[Phys.Rev.Lett.95130501(2005)]of adiabatic holonomic quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces requires four-body interaction that is challenging in practical implementation.In this work,we put forward a scheme to realize universal adiabatic holonomic quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces using only realistically available two-body interaction,thereby avoiding the difficulty of implementing four-body interaction.Furthermore,an arbitrary one-qubit gate in our scheme can be realized by a single-shot implementation,which eliminates the need to combine multiple gates for realizing such a gate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12325501,12047503,and 12247104)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-XX-2022-3-02)P.Z.is partially supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301900).
文摘Quantum error correction is essential for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing,where both the efficiency and accuracy of the decoding algorithms play critical roles.In this work,we introduce the implementation of the PLANAR algorithm,a software framework designed for fast and exact decoding of quantum codes with a planar structure.The algorithm first converts the optimal decoding of quantum codes into a partition function computation problem of an Ising spin glass model.Then it utilizes the exact Kac–Ward formula to solve it.In this way,PLANAR offers the exact maximum likelihood decoding in polynomial complexity for quantum codes with a planar structure,including the surface code with independent code-capacity noise and the quantum repetition code with circuit-level noise.Unlike traditional minimumweight decoders such as minimum-weight perfect matching(MWPM),PLANAR achieves theoretically optimal performance while maintaining polynomial-time efficiency.In addition,to demonstrate its capabilities,we exemplify the implementation using the rotated surface code,a commonly used quantum error correction code with a planar structure,and show that PLANAR achieves a threshold of approximately p_(uc)≈0.109 under the depolarizing error model,with a time complexity scaling of O(N^(0.69)),where N is the number of spins in the Ising model.
文摘Quantum computing is a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize many areas of science and technology,including communication.In this review,we discuss the current state of quantum computing in communication and its potential applications in various areas such as network optimization,signal processing,and machine learning for communication.First,the basic principle of quantum computing,quantum physics systems,and quantum algorithms are analyzed.Then,based on the classification of quantum algorithms,several important basic quantum algorithms,quantum optimization algorithms,and quantum machine learning algorithms are discussed in detail.Finally,the basic ideas and feasibility of introducing quantum algorithms into communications are emphatically analyzed,which provides a reference to address computational bottlenecks in communication networks.
文摘Based on a review of 28 Horizon Europe-funded CCAM projects, this paper studies the current state of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) and identifies significant research gaps in taxonomy, cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 6G research, that hinder the advancement of a future-ready CCAM infrastructure. The research emphasizes the crucial role of infrastructure in achieving autonomous mobility, shifting focus from the current vehicle-centric approach. It critiques the SAE J3016 taxonomy for its lack of emphasis on infrastructure and proposes an updated framework with an automation level dedicated to infrastructure automation. The paper highlights the existential threats posed by Quantum Computers (QC) and AI, stressing the need for quantum-safe cybersecurity measures and an ethical, controllable AI framework proposing a decentralized Collective Artificial Super Intelligence (CASI) framework. Identifying the critical need for a cooperative approach involving Road and Transport Authorities (RTAs) to achieve 100% vehicle connectivity and robust digital infrastructure, the study outlines the European Commission’s Vision 2050 goals, aiming for zero fatalities, zero emissions, and sustainable mobility. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research directions to accelerate the development of a comprehensive, secure, and efficient CCAM ecosystem.
文摘Quantum Computing (QC) is hailed as the future of computers. After Google’s claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy in 2019, several groups challenged the claim. Some QC experts attribute catastrophic risks that unrestrained QC may cause in the future by collapsing the current cryptographic cybersecurity infrastructure. These predictions are relevant only if QC becomes commercially viable and sustainable in the future. No technology can be a one-way ticket to catastrophe, and neither can the definition of superiority of that technology be. If there are catastrophic risks, large-scale QC can never enter the public domain as a minimum viable product (MVP) unless there are safeguards in place. Those safeguards should obviously become an integral part of the definition of its superiority over the legacy systems. NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) is pursuing the standardization of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as that safeguard. However, with all the 82 candidate PQCs failing and companies already offering QC as a service, there’s an urgent need for an alternate strategy to mitigate the impending Q-Day threat and render QC sustainable. Our research proposes a novel encryption-agnostic cybersecurity approach to safeguard QC. It articulates a comprehensive definition of an MVP that can potentially set a sustainable gold standard for defining commercially viable quantum advantage over classical computing.
文摘Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is considered practically impossible. The advent of quantum computers (QC) will worsen cybersecurity. QC will be a boon for data-intensive industries by drastically reducing the computing time from years to minutes. But QC will render our current cryptography vulnerable to quantum attacks, breaking nearly all modern cryptographic systems. Before QCs with sufficient qubits arrive, we must be ready with quantum-safe strategies to protect our ICT infrastructures. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is being aggressively pursued worldwide as a defence from the potential Q-day threat. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), in a rigorous process, tested 82 PQC schemes, 80 of which failed after the final round in 2022. Recently the remaining two PQCs were also cracked by a Swedish and a French team of cryptographers, placing NIST’s PQC standardization process in serious jeopardy. With all the NIST-evaluated PQCs failing, there’s an urgent need to explore alternate strategies. Although cybersecurity heavily relies on cryptography, recent evidence indicates that it can indeed transcend beyond encryption using Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) technology. ZVC is an encryption-agnostic absolute zero trust (AZT) approach that can potentially render computers quantum resistant by banning all third-party permissions, a root cause of most vulnerabilities. Unachievable in legacy systems, AZT is pursued by an experienced consortium of European partners to build compact, solid-state devices that are robust, resilient, energy-efficient, and with zero attack surface, rendering them resistant to malware and future Q-Day threats.
