Objective: To assess the quality of the first batch of Chinese evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AG...Objective: To assess the quality of the first batch of Chinese evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument. Methods: Evidence-based CPGs in TCM supported by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO/WPRO) and whose development was organized by the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were identified and manually retrieved. CPGs were assessed using the AGREE instrument, and the data in each CPG were analyzed in terms of the six domains in the AGREE instrument: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity and presentation, applicability, and editorial independence. Results: Twenty-eight CPGs were identified, of which 26 were included in the study. The AGREE instrument rated the 26 CPGs in terms of the six domains. The assessment results showed the following average scores: for editorial independence, 84.16%; for rigor of development, 80.95%; for scope and purpose, 79.96%; for clarity and presentation, 70.88%; for stakeholder involvement, 61.28%; for applicability, the average score was only 27.09%. In summary, nine CPGs were rated as "strongly recommended", six as "recommended with provision or alternation", and 11 as "unsure". Conclusion: Most of the first batch of Chinese evidence-based CPGs in TCM had significant shortcomings in applicability. It is suggested that special attention be paid to enhancing the quality of applicability when developing evidence-based CPGs in TCM.展开更多
According to the remote sensing image characteristics, a set oi optimized compression quahty assessment methods is proposed on the basis of generating simulative images. Firstly, a means is put forward that generates ...According to the remote sensing image characteristics, a set oi optimized compression quahty assessment methods is proposed on the basis of generating simulative images. Firstly, a means is put forward that generates simulative images by scanning aerial films taking into account the space-borne remote sensing camera characteristics （including pixel resolution, histogram dynamic range and quantization）. In the course of compression quality assessment, the objective assessment considers images texture changes and mutual relationship between simulative images and decompressed ima- ges, while the synthesized estimation factor （SEF） is brought out innovatively for the first time. Subjective assessment adopts a display setup -- 0.5mrn/pixel, which considers human visual char- acteristic and mainstream monitor. The set of methods are applied in compression plan design of panchromatic camera loaded on ZY-1-02C satellite. Through systematic and comprehensive assess- ment, simulation results show that image compression quality with the compression ratio of d：l can meet the remote sensing application requirements.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to develop and preliminarily assess the quality of a Mindfulness Breast Care(MBC)App to reduce body image distress and stigma among breast cancer survivors(BCSs).Methods The development pro...Objectives This study aimed to develop and preliminarily assess the quality of a Mindfulness Breast Care(MBC)App to reduce body image distress and stigma among breast cancer survivors(BCSs).Methods The development process of the MBC App involved:1)establishing a research group;2)determining of the content of the MBC App based on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and 3)technical exploitation and maintenance.A mixed-methods study was conducted.We selected ten BCSs by a convenience sampling method.After using the APP for three months,five assessed the quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale:User Version(uMARS)and another five were interviewed for process evaluation.Results The MBC App was developed with three modules:1)Library to provide health education information on body image,stigma,mindfulness,recovery and etc;2)Mindfulness Yoga to offer 12 Hatha yoga videos for daily practice;and 3)Mindfulness Practices to have 12 sessions of mindfulness videoconferences.Based on the uMARS data,the MBC App received high ratings for functionality(4.10±0.34),aesthetics(3.93±0.55),information quality(4.10±0.72),and perceived impact(4.03±0.96),as well as moderate ratings for engagement(3.72±0.94)and subjective quality(3.87±0.77).Participants indicated that the MBC App provided reliable knowledge,information,and emotional support.Recommendations from participants included categorizing knowledge in the Library Module,recording videoconferences of mindfulness practice,and adding discussion sessions in the videoconference.Afterward,we optimized the MBC App to enhance the user experience accordingly.Conclusions The MBC App offers online mindfulness interventions specifically for BCSs in China.The preliminary quality assessment indicates that the MBC App may be a promising tool for delivering mindfulness interventions to BCSs.展开更多
In many places across the globe,including the Wassa District of Ghana,groundwater provides a significant supply of water for various purposes.Understanding the groundwater origin and hydrogeochemical processes control...In many places across the globe,including the Wassa District of Ghana,groundwater provides a significant supply of water for various purposes.Understanding the groundwater origin and hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry is a major step in the sustainable management of the aquifers.A total of 29groundwater samples were collected and analysed.Ionic ratio graphs,multivariate statistical analysis,mineral saturation indices,stable isotopes,and geostatistics methods were used to examine the sources and the quality of the groundwater.The findings describe the water types in the district as Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)-Cl,Ca-Na-HCO_(3),Na-Ca-HCO_(3),Ca-Na-HCO_(3)-Cl,Na-Ca-HCO_(3)-Cl,mix water type,NaHCO_(3)-Cl,with possible evolution to Ca-Na-Cl-HCO_(3),and Na-Ca-Cl-HCO_(3).According to the IEWQI for drinking water,around 53.6% of the samples have good quality,whereas 10.7% have very low-quality groundwater.Only 3.45% of the samples are suitable to use for irrigation without treatment,whereas 41.4% are somewhat safe with minimal treatment.Water-rock interactions,including the dissolution and weathering of silicate minerals,cation exchange processes,and human activities like mining andquarrying,are some of the main factors influencing groundwater chemistry.Principal component analysis revealed that groundwater chemistry is influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources.The APCs-MLR receptor model quantifies the factors that play important roles in groundwater salinization,including mineral dissolution and weathering(19.4%),localised Cd(16%),Ni(14.6%),Pb(12.8%),and Fe(11.4%)contamination from urbanisation while unidentified sources of pollution account for about 26.0%.The stable isotopes revealed groundwater is of meteoric origin and water-rock interaction the major mechanism for groundwater mineralization.The results of this research highlight the need of implementing an integrated strategy for managing and accessing groundwater quality.展开更多
Objective To systematically evaluate the quality of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management,and provide reference for promoting the development of pharmacoeconomics in China.Methods Some Chinese databases includi...Objective To systematically evaluate the quality of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management,and provide reference for promoting the development of pharmacoeconomics in China.Methods Some Chinese databases including CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,as well as international databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were searched to collect studies of economic evaluation on hypertension management in China.The quality of health economic studies(QHES)scale was used to assess the quality of the literature and to analyze the current situation and shortcomings of pharmacoeconomics in the field of hypertension in China.Results and Conclusion A total of 363 articles were included in this study.The quality assessment results showed that the average score of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management was 42.54 points.The quality of literature published by medical institutions was significantly lower than that published by universities/research institutes(41.25 vs.54.68,P<0.05).Among the 363 articles,3.31%(12 articles)were of high quality(75-100 points),29.20%(106 articles)were of moderate quality(50-74 points),66.12%(240 articles)were of low quality(25-49 points),and 1.38%(5 articles)were of extremely low quality(0-24 points).These papers have such problems as unclear research perspectives,single research methods,ambiguous data sources,inappropriate study duration for disease characteristics,and insufficient sensitivity analysis factors.Overall,the quality evaluation of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management in China is generally low with poor standardization,which should be improved in the future.展开更多
This study explores whether the current external quality assessment(EQA)level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful.We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in t...This study explores whether the current external quality assessment(EQA)level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful.We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in the Hunan Province(China)in 2022 and searched for data in the published literature from January2000 to December 2023 in China.On the basis of these data,we analyzed the coefficients of variation and acceptable biases of different quality control materials for basic semen analysis through robust statistics.We compared these findings with quality specifications based on biological variation from optimal,desirable,and minimum levels of bias to seek a unified and more suitable semen EQAbias evaluation standard for China's national conditions.Different sources of semen quality control material exhibited considerable variation in acceptable biases among laboratories,ranging from 8.2%to 56.9%.A total of 50.0% of the laboratories met the minimum quality specifications for progressive motility(PR),whereas 100.0%and 75.0%of laboratories met only the minimum quality specifications for sperm concentration and total motility(nonprogressive[NP]+PR),respectively.The Z value for sperm concentration and PR+NP was equivalent to the desirable performance specification,whereas the Z value for PR was equivalent only to the minimum performance specification.This study highlights the feasibility of operating external quality assessment schemes for basic semen analysis using quality specifications based on biological variation.These specifications should be unified among external quality control(EQC)centers based on biological variation.展开更多
Neutron radiographic images(NRIs)typically suffer from multiple distortions,including various types of noise,geometric unsharpness,and white spots.Image quality assessment(IQA)can guide on-site image screening and eve...Neutron radiographic images(NRIs)typically suffer from multiple distortions,including various types of noise,geometric unsharpness,and white spots.Image quality assessment(IQA)can guide on-site image screening and even provide metrics for subsequent image processing.However,existing IQA methods for NRIs cannot effectively evaluate the quality of real NRIs with a specific distortion of white spots,limiting their practical application.In this paper,a novel no-reference IQA method is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of real NRIs with multiple distortions.First,we construct large-scale NRI datasets with more than 20,000 images,including high-quality original NRIs and synthetic NRIs with various distortions.Next,an image quality calibration method based on visual salience and a local quality map is introduced to label the NRI dataset with quality scores.Finally,a lightweight convolutional neural network(CNN)model is designed to learn the abstract relationship between the NRIs and quality scores using the constructed NRI training dataset.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits good consistency with human visual perception when evaluating both real NRIs and processed NRIs using enhancement and restoration algorithms,highlighting its application potential.展开更多
The assessment of beach quality is an important prerequisite for beach development and serves as the foundation for coastal zone management and sustainable development.This topic has attracted widespread attention,and...The assessment of beach quality is an important prerequisite for beach development and serves as the foundation for coastal zone management and sustainable development.This topic has attracted widespread attention,and various evaluation systems have been established.Given that beach quality assessment(BQA)involves multidimensional and nonlinear indicators,machine learning methods are well-suited to handling complex data relationships.However,current research utilizing machine learning for BQA often faces challenges such as limited evaluation indicators and difficulties in obtaining relevant data.in this study,a machine learning-based model for beach quality evaluation is proposed to address the limitations of existing evaluation frameworks,particular-ly under conditions of data scarcity.Simulated data were generated,and the analytic hierarchy process was integrated to extract fea-tures from 21 beach evaluation factors.A comparative analysis was conducted using the following four machine learning models:de-cision tree,random forest,XGBoost,and MLP.Results indicate that XGBoost(mean squared error(MSE)=0.1825,weighted F1=0.7513)and MLP(Pearson coefficient=0.6053)outperform traditional models.Furthermore,an ensemble learning model combining XGBoost and MLP was developed,substantially improving predictive performance(reducing MSE to 0.0753,increasing the Pearson coefficient to 0.8002,and achieving an F1 score of 0.783).Validation using real data from Yangkou Beach demonstrated that the model maintained an accuracy of 58%even when 5–10 evaluation factors had randomly missing values.展开更多
Recent deep neural network(DNN)based blind image quality assessment(BIQA)approaches take mean opinion score(MOS)as ground-truth labels,which would lead to cross-datasets biases and limited generalization ability of th...Recent deep neural network(DNN)based blind image quality assessment(BIQA)approaches take mean opinion score(MOS)as ground-truth labels,which would lead to cross-datasets biases and limited generalization ability of the DNN-based BIQA model.This work validates the natural instability of MOS through investigating the neuropsychological characteristics inside the human visual system during quality perception.By combining persistent homology analysis with electroencephalogram(EEG),the physiologically meaningful features of the brain responses to different distortion levels are extracted.The physiological features indicate that although volunteers view exactly the same image content,their EEG features are quite varied.Based on the physiological results,we advocate treating MOS as noisy labels and optimizing the DNN based BIQA model with earlystop strategies.Experimental results on both innerdataset and cross-dataset demonstrate the superiority of our optimization approach in terms of generalization ability.展开更多
Merged satellite altimeter products are widely used in ocean-related fields.Currently,the altimeter merged products of archiving validation and interpretation of satellite oceanographic(AVISO)data are widely used inte...Merged satellite altimeter products are widely used in ocean-related fields.Currently,the altimeter merged products of archiving validation and interpretation of satellite oceanographic(AVISO)data are widely used internationally.Chinese National Satellite Ocean Application Service also released merged altimeter products(ALT MUL)in 2023.However,there are few studies on the quality assessment of ALT MUL.Based on the data of AVISO merged products,Jason3 satellite,tide gauge and drifter buoy,the quality assessment and effect analysis of ALT MUL merged products were carried out by means of error evaluation index,interpolation along rails,velocity inversion and power spectrum.The result shows that the average sea level anomaly(SLA)of ALT MUL is about 2 cm smaller than that of AVISO.And they are consistent with the large-scale characteristics and spatial distribution.These two SLA products are both in accordance with normal distribution.Results indicate a lesser congruence between ALT MUL and Jason3 satellite compared to AVISO.This difference may be attributed to the fact that AVISO products use Jason3 satellite as crosscalibrated reference satellite during the merged process.Comparing the matching effect of the two merged products with the tide gauge and drifter buoy,ALT MUL merged products are superior to AVISO in general.The energy spectral density was calculated by using Jason3 satellite data along the orbit,and the two merged products were interpolated to the data points along the orbit.The effective resolution of AVISO and ALT MUL merged products was 180 km and 210 km respectively through spectral calculation,indicating that AVISO merged products have higher effective resolution.展开更多
Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specificall...Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specifically:1)Subjective elements in methods such as fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)may distort evaluation outcomes;2)The utilization of raw sample data is in‐sufficient when constructing evaluation matrices;3)The traditional entropy weight method in TOPSIS merely reflects statistical character‐istics of the final matrix while neglecting richer information embedded in raw datasets.To address these issues,we proximate probability distribution function of various indicators by using cubic spline interpolation and fully exploit information in the existing massive sample data.In this paper,the entropy weight method is enhanced based on the concept mentioned above and integrated with TOPSIS model to construct a novel evaluation model.Furthermore,the experimental analysis using wastewater monitoring data from Guizhou Province,China,verifies its practicality,and its results provide valuable references for local water environmental management.展开更多
Perceptual quality assessment for point cloud is critical for immersive metaverse experience and is a challenging task.Firstly,because point cloud is formed by unstructured 3D points that makes the topology more compl...Perceptual quality assessment for point cloud is critical for immersive metaverse experience and is a challenging task.Firstly,because point cloud is formed by unstructured 3D points that makes the topology more complex.Secondly,the quality impairment generally involves both geometric attributes and color properties,where the measurement of the geometric distortion becomes more complex.We propose a perceptual point cloud quality assessment model that follows the perceptual features of Human Visual System(HVS)and the intrinsic characteristics of the point cloud.The point cloud is first pre-processed to extract the geometric skeleton keypoints with graph filtering-based re-sampling,and local neighboring regions around the geometric skeleton keypoints are constructed by K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)clustering.For geometric distortion,the Point Feature Histogram(PFH)is extracted as the feature descriptor,and the Earth Mover’s Distance(EMD)between the PFHs of the corresponding local neighboring regions in the reference and the distorted point clouds is calculated as the geometric quality measurement.For color distortion,the statistical moments between the corresponding local neighboring regions are computed as the color quality measurement.Finally,the global perceptual quality assessment model is obtained as the linear weighting aggregation of the geometric and color quality measurement.The experimental results on extensive datasets show that the proposed method achieves the leading performance as compared to the state-of-the-art methods with less computing time.Meanwhile,the experimental results also demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method across various distortion types.The source codes are available at https://github.com/llsurreal919/Point Cloud Quality Assessment.展开更多
Most blind image quality assessment(BIQA)methods require a large amount of time to collect human opinion scores as training labels,which limits their usability in practice.Thus,we present an opinion-unaware BIQA metho...Most blind image quality assessment(BIQA)methods require a large amount of time to collect human opinion scores as training labels,which limits their usability in practice.Thus,we present an opinion-unaware BIQA method based on deep reinforcement learning which is trained without subjective scores,named DRL-IQA.Inspired by the human visual perception process,our model is formulated as a quality reinforced agent,which consists of the dynamic distortion generation part and the quality perception part.By considering the image distortion degradation process as a sequential decision-making process,the dynamic distortion generation part can develop a strategy to add as many different distortions as possible to an image,which enriches the distortion space to alleviate overfitting.A reward function calculated from quality degradation after adding distortion is utilized to continuously optimize the strategy.Furthermore,the quality perception part can extract rich quality features from the quality degradation process without using subjective scores,and accurately predict the state values that represent the image quality.Experimental results reveal that our method achieves competitive quality prediction performance compared to other state-of-the-art BIQA methods.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system for freshwater aquaculture pond.[Method] The expert survey,DELPHI,field research and other methods were used.Based on the analysis of fact...[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system for freshwater aquaculture pond.[Method] The expert survey,DELPHI,field research and other methods were used.Based on the analysis of factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond,and the importance degree of 14 factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was ordered.Then,five factors were selected as index to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture with the determination for thresholds of these factors.[Result] The importance degree of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond showed an order of Dissolved oxygenpHPhytoplankton biomassSecchi depthTotal NitrogenZooplankton biomassWater temperatureBiochemical Oxygen DemandWater colorSalinityTotal hardness;according to the value of importance degree,the dissolved oxygen,pH,secchi depth,phytoplankton biomass and total nitrogen these five factors were selected as the index system of water quality evaluation of pond.The level of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was divided into five,and the tolerance range of fish to each index was obtained by expert observation.[Conclusion] This study had provided a scientific basis for water quality evaluation system of freshwater aquaculture pond.展开更多
To further explore the human visual system（ HVS）,the perceptual grouping（ PG）, which has been proven to play an important role in the HVS, is adopted to design an effective image quality assessment（ IQA） model. ...To further explore the human visual system（ HVS）,the perceptual grouping（ PG）, which has been proven to play an important role in the HVS, is adopted to design an effective image quality assessment（ IQA） model. Compared with the existing fixed-window-based models, the proposed one is an adaptive window-like model that introduces the perceptual grouping strategy into the IQA model. It works as follows： first,it preprocesses the images by clustering similar pixels into a group to the greatest extent; then the structural similarity is used to compute the similarity of the superpixels between reference and distorted images; finally, it integrates all the similarity of superpixels of an image to yield a quality score. Experimental results on three databases（ LIVE, IVC and MICT） showthat the proposed method yields good performance in terms of correlation with human judgments of visual quality.展开更多
The objective of this study was to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients conducted by pharmacists in China's Mainland, to identify the problems i...The objective of this study was to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients conducted by pharmacists in China's Mainland, to identify the problems in current studies, and to provide some references for further studies. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database were searched for randomized controlled trials on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients, and only those studies undertaken by pharmacists were included. Information about the study design and reporting of selected studies was extracted and collected to systematically analyze these studies. Meanwhile, the Cochrane Collaboration＇s tool for assessing risk of bias was used to assess potential biases related to these studies. Ultimately, 14 articles were included in this study. No study determined the sample size in a scientific way. No article reported a scientific and detailed method of random sequence generation or allocation concealment. Two（14.3%） studies claimed to have implemented a double-blinding and a single-blinding respectively, but neither of them reported any details about how they performed the blinding. No study employed a blinding of outcome assessment. Five（35.7%） studies either stated statistical methods incompletely or used them incorrectly. One（7.1%） study reported an attrition without employing an intention-to-treat analysis. All studies reported eligibility criteria for participants to some extent, and all these criteria involved diagnosis of asthma, but only four（28.6%） of them reported patients＇ ages and three（21.4%） described the severity and the stage of asthma. Nine（64.3%） reported baseline data in the text rather than in a table, and 13（92.9%） involved comparisons between groups with significance tests either explicitly or implicitly. No report made a distinction between primary and secondary outcomes. Two（14.3%） mentioned informed consent of subjects, while no article reported ethical approval. ＂Unclear risk＂ made up the highest percentage of the studies analyzed according to the risk of bias assessment by the Cochrane Collaboration＇s tool. Our study demonstrates that the quality of RCTs on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients conducted by Chinese pharmacists is suboptimal, especially with regards to study design and reporti ng.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore evaluated precision on quality of soil environment polluted with zinc in agricultural production areas and to provide references for verification of production area.[Method] In Shula...[Objective] The aim was to explore evaluated precision on quality of soil environment polluted with zinc in agricultural production areas and to provide references for verification of production area.[Method] In Shulan City in Jilin Province,soils were sampled and analyzed in a laboratory using single-factor pollution index and GIS based spatial interpolation.The quality of environment polluted with zinc was assessed and related methods were compared according to Environment Quality Standard of Green Food Production Area.[Result] Spatial interpolation of zinc in soils based on GIS proved more precise than traditional methods;cokriging method with co-factors was higher in precision than common cokriging;cokriging method with zinc and organic matter was higher in precision than cokriging with zinc alone.[Conclusion] Quality assessment on environment polluted with zinc based on GIS interpolation is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in a...Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in alpine mountains with climate change.Hence,94 samples of river water were collected from 2018 to 2020 in the headwaters of the Shule River Basin to assess the nutrients spatiotemporal distribution and combined ap-proach of water quality index to assess water quality and potential sources.The findings depict that high nutrient concentrations were found to coincide with snowmelt and glacial meltwater and rainfall recharge periods,while total flux peaked from June to September due to increased runoff.Notably,total nitrogen(TN)concentrations were significantly higher near the town,primarily attributed to the replenishment of nitrate(NO_(3)^(‒)-N)from live-stock manure.The high total P(TP)was near the glacier,which was attributed to the transportation of glacial sediments into the river,and pH was another critical factor.N was the primary nutrient limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in river water.Although the migration and transport of nutrients have altered with climate change,river water quality is good in alpine mountains based on an overall evaluation.These findings contribute to enriching nutrient datasets and highlight the importance of water resource management and water quality assessment in sensitive and fragile alpine mountains.展开更多
Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this re...Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this review,we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial(including individual and cluster),animal study,non-randomized interventional studies(including follow-up study,controlled before-and-after study,before-after/pre-post study,uncontrolled longitudinal study,interrupted time series study),cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study(including analytical and descriptive),observational case series and case reports,comparative effectiveness research,diagnostic study,health economic evaluation,prediction study(including predictor finding study,prediction model impact study,prognostic prediction model study),qualitative study,outcome measurement instruments(including patient-reported outcome measure development,content validity,structural validity,internal consistency,cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance,reliability,measurement error,criterion validity,hypotheses testing for construct validity,and responsiveness),systematic review and meta-analysis,and clinical practice guideline.The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools.In one word,comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.展开更多
Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regi...Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.展开更多
基金supported by projects from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No.Z0135)the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. ZYYS-2008)the National Science Foundation of China (No. 30825047)
文摘Objective: To assess the quality of the first batch of Chinese evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument. Methods: Evidence-based CPGs in TCM supported by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO/WPRO) and whose development was organized by the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were identified and manually retrieved. CPGs were assessed using the AGREE instrument, and the data in each CPG were analyzed in terms of the six domains in the AGREE instrument: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity and presentation, applicability, and editorial independence. Results: Twenty-eight CPGs were identified, of which 26 were included in the study. The AGREE instrument rated the 26 CPGs in terms of the six domains. The assessment results showed the following average scores: for editorial independence, 84.16%; for rigor of development, 80.95%; for scope and purpose, 79.96%; for clarity and presentation, 70.88%; for stakeholder involvement, 61.28%; for applicability, the average score was only 27.09%. In summary, nine CPGs were rated as "strongly recommended", six as "recommended with provision or alternation", and 11 as "unsure". Conclusion: Most of the first batch of Chinese evidence-based CPGs in TCM had significant shortcomings in applicability. It is suggested that special attention be paid to enhancing the quality of applicability when developing evidence-based CPGs in TCM.
基金Supported by the Civil Aerospace"The 12~(th) Five-year Plan"Advanced Research Project(No.D040103)
文摘According to the remote sensing image characteristics, a set oi optimized compression quahty assessment methods is proposed on the basis of generating simulative images. Firstly, a means is put forward that generates simulative images by scanning aerial films taking into account the space-borne remote sensing camera characteristics （including pixel resolution, histogram dynamic range and quantization）. In the course of compression quality assessment, the objective assessment considers images texture changes and mutual relationship between simulative images and decompressed ima- ges, while the synthesized estimation factor （SEF） is brought out innovatively for the first time. Subjective assessment adopts a display setup -- 0.5mrn/pixel, which considers human visual char- acteristic and mainstream monitor. The set of methods are applied in compression plan design of panchromatic camera loaded on ZY-1-02C satellite. Through systematic and comprehensive assess- ment, simulation results show that image compression quality with the compression ratio of d：l can meet the remote sensing application requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71974162 and No.7231101009).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to develop and preliminarily assess the quality of a Mindfulness Breast Care(MBC)App to reduce body image distress and stigma among breast cancer survivors(BCSs).Methods The development process of the MBC App involved:1)establishing a research group;2)determining of the content of the MBC App based on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and 3)technical exploitation and maintenance.A mixed-methods study was conducted.We selected ten BCSs by a convenience sampling method.After using the APP for three months,five assessed the quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale:User Version(uMARS)and another five were interviewed for process evaluation.Results The MBC App was developed with three modules:1)Library to provide health education information on body image,stigma,mindfulness,recovery and etc;2)Mindfulness Yoga to offer 12 Hatha yoga videos for daily practice;and 3)Mindfulness Practices to have 12 sessions of mindfulness videoconferences.Based on the uMARS data,the MBC App received high ratings for functionality(4.10±0.34),aesthetics(3.93±0.55),information quality(4.10±0.72),and perceived impact(4.03±0.96),as well as moderate ratings for engagement(3.72±0.94)and subjective quality(3.87±0.77).Participants indicated that the MBC App provided reliable knowledge,information,and emotional support.Recommendations from participants included categorizing knowledge in the Library Module,recording videoconferences of mindfulness practice,and adding discussion sessions in the videoconference.Afterward,we optimized the MBC App to enhance the user experience accordingly.Conclusions The MBC App offers online mindfulness interventions specifically for BCSs in China.The preliminary quality assessment indicates that the MBC App may be a promising tool for delivering mindfulness interventions to BCSs.
文摘In many places across the globe,including the Wassa District of Ghana,groundwater provides a significant supply of water for various purposes.Understanding the groundwater origin and hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry is a major step in the sustainable management of the aquifers.A total of 29groundwater samples were collected and analysed.Ionic ratio graphs,multivariate statistical analysis,mineral saturation indices,stable isotopes,and geostatistics methods were used to examine the sources and the quality of the groundwater.The findings describe the water types in the district as Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)-Cl,Ca-Na-HCO_(3),Na-Ca-HCO_(3),Ca-Na-HCO_(3)-Cl,Na-Ca-HCO_(3)-Cl,mix water type,NaHCO_(3)-Cl,with possible evolution to Ca-Na-Cl-HCO_(3),and Na-Ca-Cl-HCO_(3).According to the IEWQI for drinking water,around 53.6% of the samples have good quality,whereas 10.7% have very low-quality groundwater.Only 3.45% of the samples are suitable to use for irrigation without treatment,whereas 41.4% are somewhat safe with minimal treatment.Water-rock interactions,including the dissolution and weathering of silicate minerals,cation exchange processes,and human activities like mining andquarrying,are some of the main factors influencing groundwater chemistry.Principal component analysis revealed that groundwater chemistry is influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources.The APCs-MLR receptor model quantifies the factors that play important roles in groundwater salinization,including mineral dissolution and weathering(19.4%),localised Cd(16%),Ni(14.6%),Pb(12.8%),and Fe(11.4%)contamination from urbanisation while unidentified sources of pollution account for about 26.0%.The stable isotopes revealed groundwater is of meteoric origin and water-rock interaction the major mechanism for groundwater mineralization.The results of this research highlight the need of implementing an integrated strategy for managing and accessing groundwater quality.
文摘Objective To systematically evaluate the quality of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management,and provide reference for promoting the development of pharmacoeconomics in China.Methods Some Chinese databases including CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,as well as international databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were searched to collect studies of economic evaluation on hypertension management in China.The quality of health economic studies(QHES)scale was used to assess the quality of the literature and to analyze the current situation and shortcomings of pharmacoeconomics in the field of hypertension in China.Results and Conclusion A total of 363 articles were included in this study.The quality assessment results showed that the average score of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management was 42.54 points.The quality of literature published by medical institutions was significantly lower than that published by universities/research institutes(41.25 vs.54.68,P<0.05).Among the 363 articles,3.31%(12 articles)were of high quality(75-100 points),29.20%(106 articles)were of moderate quality(50-74 points),66.12%(240 articles)were of low quality(25-49 points),and 1.38%(5 articles)were of extremely low quality(0-24 points).These papers have such problems as unclear research perspectives,single research methods,ambiguous data sources,inappropriate study duration for disease characteristics,and insufficient sensitivity analysis factors.Overall,the quality evaluation of pharmacoeconomics on hypertension management in China is generally low with poor standardization,which should be improved in the future.
基金supported by the Hunan Province Municipal Natural Science Foundation(2022JJ30018)the Hunan Province Health Commission Science Foundation(B202301037899)to WNL。
文摘This study explores whether the current external quality assessment(EQA)level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful.We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in the Hunan Province(China)in 2022 and searched for data in the published literature from January2000 to December 2023 in China.On the basis of these data,we analyzed the coefficients of variation and acceptable biases of different quality control materials for basic semen analysis through robust statistics.We compared these findings with quality specifications based on biological variation from optimal,desirable,and minimum levels of bias to seek a unified and more suitable semen EQAbias evaluation standard for China's national conditions.Different sources of semen quality control material exhibited considerable variation in acceptable biases among laboratories,ranging from 8.2%to 56.9%.A total of 50.0% of the laboratories met the minimum quality specifications for progressive motility(PR),whereas 100.0%and 75.0%of laboratories met only the minimum quality specifications for sperm concentration and total motility(nonprogressive[NP]+PR),respectively.The Z value for sperm concentration and PR+NP was equivalent to the desirable performance specification,whereas the Z value for PR was equivalent only to the minimum performance specification.This study highlights the feasibility of operating external quality assessment schemes for basic semen analysis using quality specifications based on biological variation.These specifications should be unified among external quality control(EQC)centers based on biological variation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11905028 and 12105040)Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20231294KJ)the Youth Growth Technology Project of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(No.20210508027RQ).
文摘Neutron radiographic images(NRIs)typically suffer from multiple distortions,including various types of noise,geometric unsharpness,and white spots.Image quality assessment(IQA)can guide on-site image screening and even provide metrics for subsequent image processing.However,existing IQA methods for NRIs cannot effectively evaluate the quality of real NRIs with a specific distortion of white spots,limiting their practical application.In this paper,a novel no-reference IQA method is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of real NRIs with multiple distortions.First,we construct large-scale NRI datasets with more than 20,000 images,including high-quality original NRIs and synthetic NRIs with various distortions.Next,an image quality calibration method based on visual salience and a local quality map is introduced to label the NRI dataset with quality scores.Finally,a lightweight convolutional neural network(CNN)model is designed to learn the abstract relationship between the NRIs and quality scores using the constructed NRI training dataset.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits good consistency with human visual perception when evaluating both real NRIs and processed NRIs using enhancement and restoration algorithms,highlighting its application potential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82202299,62203060,62403492).
文摘The assessment of beach quality is an important prerequisite for beach development and serves as the foundation for coastal zone management and sustainable development.This topic has attracted widespread attention,and various evaluation systems have been established.Given that beach quality assessment(BQA)involves multidimensional and nonlinear indicators,machine learning methods are well-suited to handling complex data relationships.However,current research utilizing machine learning for BQA often faces challenges such as limited evaluation indicators and difficulties in obtaining relevant data.in this study,a machine learning-based model for beach quality evaluation is proposed to address the limitations of existing evaluation frameworks,particular-ly under conditions of data scarcity.Simulated data were generated,and the analytic hierarchy process was integrated to extract fea-tures from 21 beach evaluation factors.A comparative analysis was conducted using the following four machine learning models:de-cision tree,random forest,XGBoost,and MLP.Results indicate that XGBoost(mean squared error(MSE)=0.1825,weighted F1=0.7513)and MLP(Pearson coefficient=0.6053)outperform traditional models.Furthermore,an ensemble learning model combining XGBoost and MLP was developed,substantially improving predictive performance(reducing MSE to 0.0753,increasing the Pearson coefficient to 0.8002,and achieving an F1 score of 0.783).Validation using real data from Yangkou Beach demonstrated that the model maintained an accuracy of 58%even when 5–10 evaluation factors had randomly missing values.
基金supported by the Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Plan for Radio,Television,and Online Audiovisuals(2023AC0200)the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LGF21F010001).
文摘Recent deep neural network(DNN)based blind image quality assessment(BIQA)approaches take mean opinion score(MOS)as ground-truth labels,which would lead to cross-datasets biases and limited generalization ability of the DNN-based BIQA model.This work validates the natural instability of MOS through investigating the neuropsychological characteristics inside the human visual system during quality perception.By combining persistent homology analysis with electroencephalogram(EEG),the physiologically meaningful features of the brain responses to different distortion levels are extracted.The physiological features indicate that although volunteers view exactly the same image content,their EEG features are quite varied.Based on the physiological results,we advocate treating MOS as noisy labels and optimizing the DNN based BIQA model with earlystop strategies.Experimental results on both innerdataset and cross-dataset demonstrate the superiority of our optimization approach in terms of generalization ability.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2021YFC3101503the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42276205 and 42406195+1 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.2023JJ10053the Youth Independent Innovation Science Foundation under contract No.ZK24-54.
文摘Merged satellite altimeter products are widely used in ocean-related fields.Currently,the altimeter merged products of archiving validation and interpretation of satellite oceanographic(AVISO)data are widely used internationally.Chinese National Satellite Ocean Application Service also released merged altimeter products(ALT MUL)in 2023.However,there are few studies on the quality assessment of ALT MUL.Based on the data of AVISO merged products,Jason3 satellite,tide gauge and drifter buoy,the quality assessment and effect analysis of ALT MUL merged products were carried out by means of error evaluation index,interpolation along rails,velocity inversion and power spectrum.The result shows that the average sea level anomaly(SLA)of ALT MUL is about 2 cm smaller than that of AVISO.And they are consistent with the large-scale characteristics and spatial distribution.These two SLA products are both in accordance with normal distribution.Results indicate a lesser congruence between ALT MUL and Jason3 satellite compared to AVISO.This difference may be attributed to the fact that AVISO products use Jason3 satellite as crosscalibrated reference satellite during the merged process.Comparing the matching effect of the two merged products with the tide gauge and drifter buoy,ALT MUL merged products are superior to AVISO in general.The energy spectral density was calculated by using Jason3 satellite data along the orbit,and the two merged products were interpolated to the data points along the orbit.The effective resolution of AVISO and ALT MUL merged products was 180 km and 210 km respectively through spectral calculation,indicating that AVISO merged products have higher effective resolution.
文摘Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specifically:1)Subjective elements in methods such as fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)may distort evaluation outcomes;2)The utilization of raw sample data is in‐sufficient when constructing evaluation matrices;3)The traditional entropy weight method in TOPSIS merely reflects statistical character‐istics of the final matrix while neglecting richer information embedded in raw datasets.To address these issues,we proximate probability distribution function of various indicators by using cubic spline interpolation and fully exploit information in the existing massive sample data.In this paper,the entropy weight method is enhanced based on the concept mentioned above and integrated with TOPSIS model to construct a novel evaluation model.Furthermore,the experimental analysis using wastewater monitoring data from Guizhou Province,China,verifies its practicality,and its results provide valuable references for local water environmental management.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(62171257,U22B2001,U19A2052,62020106011,62061015)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant(2023NSCQMSX2930)+1 种基金in part by the Youth Innovation Group Support Program of ICE Discipline of CQUPT under Grant(SCIE-QN-2022-05)in part by the Graduate Scientifc Research and Innovation Project of Chongqing under Grant(CYS22469).
文摘Perceptual quality assessment for point cloud is critical for immersive metaverse experience and is a challenging task.Firstly,because point cloud is formed by unstructured 3D points that makes the topology more complex.Secondly,the quality impairment generally involves both geometric attributes and color properties,where the measurement of the geometric distortion becomes more complex.We propose a perceptual point cloud quality assessment model that follows the perceptual features of Human Visual System(HVS)and the intrinsic characteristics of the point cloud.The point cloud is first pre-processed to extract the geometric skeleton keypoints with graph filtering-based re-sampling,and local neighboring regions around the geometric skeleton keypoints are constructed by K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)clustering.For geometric distortion,the Point Feature Histogram(PFH)is extracted as the feature descriptor,and the Earth Mover’s Distance(EMD)between the PFHs of the corresponding local neighboring regions in the reference and the distorted point clouds is calculated as the geometric quality measurement.For color distortion,the statistical moments between the corresponding local neighboring regions are computed as the color quality measurement.Finally,the global perceptual quality assessment model is obtained as the linear weighting aggregation of the geometric and color quality measurement.The experimental results on extensive datasets show that the proposed method achieves the leading performance as compared to the state-of-the-art methods with less computing time.Meanwhile,the experimental results also demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method across various distortion types.The source codes are available at https://github.com/llsurreal919/Point Cloud Quality Assessment.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Most blind image quality assessment(BIQA)methods require a large amount of time to collect human opinion scores as training labels,which limits their usability in practice.Thus,we present an opinion-unaware BIQA method based on deep reinforcement learning which is trained without subjective scores,named DRL-IQA.Inspired by the human visual perception process,our model is formulated as a quality reinforced agent,which consists of the dynamic distortion generation part and the quality perception part.By considering the image distortion degradation process as a sequential decision-making process,the dynamic distortion generation part can develop a strategy to add as many different distortions as possible to an image,which enriches the distortion space to alleviate overfitting.A reward function calculated from quality degradation after adding distortion is utilized to continuously optimize the strategy.Furthermore,the quality perception part can extract rich quality features from the quality degradation process without using subjective scores,and accurately predict the state values that represent the image quality.Experimental results reveal that our method achieves competitive quality prediction performance compared to other state-of-the-art BIQA methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (40801227)Foundation of Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Aquacul-tural Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture (KFT2006-7)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system for freshwater aquaculture pond.[Method] The expert survey,DELPHI,field research and other methods were used.Based on the analysis of factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond,and the importance degree of 14 factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was ordered.Then,five factors were selected as index to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture with the determination for thresholds of these factors.[Result] The importance degree of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond showed an order of Dissolved oxygenpHPhytoplankton biomassSecchi depthTotal NitrogenZooplankton biomassWater temperatureBiochemical Oxygen DemandWater colorSalinityTotal hardness;according to the value of importance degree,the dissolved oxygen,pH,secchi depth,phytoplankton biomass and total nitrogen these five factors were selected as the index system of water quality evaluation of pond.The level of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was divided into five,and the tolerance range of fish to each index was obtained by expert observation.[Conclusion] This study had provided a scientific basis for water quality evaluation system of freshwater aquaculture pond.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81272501)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2011CB707904)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(No.ts20120505)
文摘To further explore the human visual system（ HVS）,the perceptual grouping（ PG）, which has been proven to play an important role in the HVS, is adopted to design an effective image quality assessment（ IQA） model. Compared with the existing fixed-window-based models, the proposed one is an adaptive window-like model that introduces the perceptual grouping strategy into the IQA model. It works as follows： first,it preprocesses the images by clustering similar pixels into a group to the greatest extent; then the structural similarity is used to compute the similarity of the superpixels between reference and distorted images; finally, it integrates all the similarity of superpixels of an image to yield a quality score. Experimental results on three databases（ LIVE, IVC and MICT） showthat the proposed method yields good performance in terms of correlation with human judgments of visual quality.
文摘The objective of this study was to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients conducted by pharmacists in China's Mainland, to identify the problems in current studies, and to provide some references for further studies. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database were searched for randomized controlled trials on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients, and only those studies undertaken by pharmacists were included. Information about the study design and reporting of selected studies was extracted and collected to systematically analyze these studies. Meanwhile, the Cochrane Collaboration＇s tool for assessing risk of bias was used to assess potential biases related to these studies. Ultimately, 14 articles were included in this study. No study determined the sample size in a scientific way. No article reported a scientific and detailed method of random sequence generation or allocation concealment. Two（14.3%） studies claimed to have implemented a double-blinding and a single-blinding respectively, but neither of them reported any details about how they performed the blinding. No study employed a blinding of outcome assessment. Five（35.7%） studies either stated statistical methods incompletely or used them incorrectly. One（7.1%） study reported an attrition without employing an intention-to-treat analysis. All studies reported eligibility criteria for participants to some extent, and all these criteria involved diagnosis of asthma, but only four（28.6%） of them reported patients＇ ages and three（21.4%） described the severity and the stage of asthma. Nine（64.3%） reported baseline data in the text rather than in a table, and 13（92.9%） involved comparisons between groups with significance tests either explicitly or implicitly. No report made a distinction between primary and secondary outcomes. Two（14.3%） mentioned informed consent of subjects, while no article reported ethical approval. ＂Unclear risk＂ made up the highest percentage of the studies analyzed according to the risk of bias assessment by the Cochrane Collaboration＇s tool. Our study demonstrates that the quality of RCTs on pharmaceutical care for asthma tic patients conducted by Chinese pharmacists is suboptimal, especially with regards to study design and reporti ng.
基金Supported by National 973 Program(2010CB951500)National 863 Program(2006AA-120103)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore evaluated precision on quality of soil environment polluted with zinc in agricultural production areas and to provide references for verification of production area.[Method] In Shulan City in Jilin Province,soils were sampled and analyzed in a laboratory using single-factor pollution index and GIS based spatial interpolation.The quality of environment polluted with zinc was assessed and related methods were compared according to Environment Quality Standard of Green Food Production Area.[Result] Spatial interpolation of zinc in soils based on GIS proved more precise than traditional methods;cokriging method with co-factors was higher in precision than common cokriging;cokriging method with zinc and organic matter was higher in precision than cokriging with zinc alone.[Conclusion] Quality assessment on environment polluted with zinc based on GIS interpolation is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0208)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171148 and 42330512)the Key R&D Project from the Science and Technology Department of Tibet(No.XZ202501ZY0030).
文摘Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in alpine mountains with climate change.Hence,94 samples of river water were collected from 2018 to 2020 in the headwaters of the Shule River Basin to assess the nutrients spatiotemporal distribution and combined ap-proach of water quality index to assess water quality and potential sources.The findings depict that high nutrient concentrations were found to coincide with snowmelt and glacial meltwater and rainfall recharge periods,while total flux peaked from June to September due to increased runoff.Notably,total nitrogen(TN)concentrations were significantly higher near the town,primarily attributed to the replenishment of nitrate(NO_(3)^(‒)-N)from live-stock manure.The high total P(TP)was near the glacier,which was attributed to the transportation of glacial sediments into the river,and pH was another critical factor.N was the primary nutrient limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in river water.Although the migration and transport of nutrients have altered with climate change,river water quality is good in alpine mountains based on an overall evaluation.These findings contribute to enriching nutrient datasets and highlight the importance of water resource management and water quality assessment in sensitive and fragile alpine mountains.
基金supported(in part)by the Entrusted Project of National commission on health and health of China(No.2019099)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFC0106300)the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019FFB03902)。
文摘Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this review,we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial(including individual and cluster),animal study,non-randomized interventional studies(including follow-up study,controlled before-and-after study,before-after/pre-post study,uncontrolled longitudinal study,interrupted time series study),cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study(including analytical and descriptive),observational case series and case reports,comparative effectiveness research,diagnostic study,health economic evaluation,prediction study(including predictor finding study,prediction model impact study,prognostic prediction model study),qualitative study,outcome measurement instruments(including patient-reported outcome measure development,content validity,structural validity,internal consistency,cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance,reliability,measurement error,criterion validity,hypotheses testing for construct validity,and responsiveness),systematic review and meta-analysis,and clinical practice guideline.The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools.In one word,comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201003016)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-31)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127405)
文摘Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.
