Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is an important oil crop in the high-altitude arid regions of China.Flaxseed is rich in various nutrients.However,the nutritional qualities of flaxseeds from different producing areas are s...Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is an important oil crop in the high-altitude arid regions of China.Flaxseed is rich in various nutrients.However,the nutritional qualities of flaxseeds from different producing areas are still unclear.In this study,the nutritional characteristics of flaxseed from five producing areas in China were investigated.Twenty five nutritional quality indices in flaxseed were analyzed.Subsequently,chemometric methods,including cluster analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),were employed to discover the characteristics of nutritional qualities in flaxseeds.The results revealed there are significant differences in nutritional qualities among flaxseeds from different production areas.Six quality indices includingγ-tocopherol,vitamin E,phytosterols,oleic acid,α-linolenic acid,and cycloartenol were susceptible to producing area.In detail,the superiorcharacteristic nutrients of Ningxia flaxseed,Inner Mongolia flaxseed and Hebei flaxseed are vitamin E(17.3 mg/100g),α-linolenic acid(52.6%)and cycloartenol(1738.1 mg/kg),and phytosterols(3032.0 mg/kg),respectively.This study promotes the high-value development and utilization of local flaxseed industry.展开更多
Tiltrotors have three flight modes that pose control problems and quality defects during the conversion process.To address this,a novel flying qualities-based time-varying stability augmentation system is designed to ...Tiltrotors have three flight modes that pose control problems and quality defects during the conversion process.To address this,a novel flying qualities-based time-varying stability augmentation system is designed to achieve multi-mode,nonlinear,and time-varying stability.The system integrates a nonlinear time-varying control law with the flying qualities requirements for all three flight modes.It consists of an inner and outer loop control framework,where the control law in the inner loop is designed based on the Lyapunov theorem of stability.The reference models in the outer loop are derived from the flying qualities criteria to meet level one flying qualities requirements.To evaluate the conversion process,a time-varying flying qualities evaluation method is developed,which includes the conversion path,pilot model,and time-varying flying qualities index.The proposed time-varying stability augmentation control system is then tested through simulation during the conversion process.A pilot-aircraft closed-loop system is established for conducting experiments.Comparison between simulation results and pilot-in-loop experiment results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control system.Furthermore,it proves that the evaluation method is suitable for analyzing time-varying systems.This research can be valuable in designing and evaluating stability augmentation controls for strongly time-varying systems.展开更多
During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities （FQ）. This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-a...During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities （FQ）. This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute （MAI） criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous ...[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountai...[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.展开更多
With the more and more frequent of international communications, diplomatic work has come to a totally new age.The diplomatic interpreters must meet higher requirments and challenges. Hence what qualities they should ...With the more and more frequent of international communications, diplomatic work has come to a totally new age.The diplomatic interpreters must meet higher requirments and challenges. Hence what qualities they should have becomes an important problem.this thesis focus on four aspects to deal with it.展开更多
Grain cooking and nutrient qualities are the most important components of rice （Oryza sativa L.） quality. A doubled haploid （DH） population from a cross between two japonica cultivars was used to examine the pheno...Grain cooking and nutrient qualities are the most important components of rice （Oryza sativa L.） quality. A doubled haploid （DH） population from a cross between two japonica cultivars was used to examine the phenotypic values and potential QTLs for the quality traits. The cooking and nutrient quality traits, including the amylose content （AC）, the gel consistency （CJC）, the gelatinization temperature （GT）, and the protein content （PC）, in rice grown under upland and lowland environments were evaluated. Significant differences for AC, GC, GT, and PC between upland and lowland environments were detected. The phenotypic values of all four traits were higher under upland environment than lowland environment. The value of PC under upland environment was significantly higher （by 37.9%） than that under lowland environment. This suggests that upland cultivation had large effect on both cooking and nutrient qualifies. A total of seven QTLs and twelve pairs of QTLs were detected to have significant additive and epistatic effects for the four traits. Significant Q x E interaction effects of two QTLs and two pairs of QTLs were also discovered. The general contribution of additive QTLs ranged from 1.91% to 19.77%. The Q × E interactions of QTLs QGt3 and QAc6 accounted for 8.99% and 47.86% of the phenotypic variation, respectively, whereas those of the 2 pairs of epistatic QTLs, QAc6-QAcllb and QAc8-QAc9, accounted for 32.54% and 11.82%, respectively. Five QTLs QGt6b, QGt8, QGt11, QGcl, and QPc2, which had relatively high general contribution and no Q x E interactions, were selected to facilitate the upland rice grain quality breeding.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in tobacco leaves growing under different light qualities. [Method] By covering tobacco plants with white, red, yel...[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in tobacco leaves growing under different light qualities. [Method] By covering tobacco plants with white, red, yellow, blue and purple films to obtain different light quality, the changes of chlorophyll content, activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in the tobacco leaves were studied. [Results] Compared with treatments of white, red and yellow film, blue and purple films delayed the decrease of chlorophyll content and senescence of tobacco leaves at the late growth stage, and relatively lowered the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases during growth, development and senescence periods. [Conclusion] Different light qualities exhibited various effects on the growth, development and senescence of tobacco leaves, possibly by affecting the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases to some extent.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study influences of different land use ways on soil qualities in plateau karst depression.[Method] Different land use types were divided by topographic map of 1∶10 000 scales and soil prope...[Objective] The aim was to study influences of different land use ways on soil qualities in plateau karst depression.[Method] Different land use types were divided by topographic map of 1∶10 000 scales and soil properties of physics and chemistry were analyzed.[Result] The results showed that the variation trend of soil depth(A+B stratum)was slope plough(include returning farm to forest)land>natural forest land>planted forest land>shrub forest land,and relative indexes changing regularities of soil...展开更多
Eating and cooking qualities（ECQs） of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and co...Eating and cooking qualities（ECQs） of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy（Wx） gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I（GBSS I） in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content（AAC） and gel consistency（GC） were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wx^a type〉Wx^in type〉Wx^b type〉Wx^mq type〉wx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer（RVA） profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.展开更多
Owing to the lack of a direct link with the operations in short-range air combat,conventional aircraft flying qualities criteria are inappropriate to guide the design of a task-tailored flight control law.By applying ...Owing to the lack of a direct link with the operations in short-range air combat,conventional aircraft flying qualities criteria are inappropriate to guide the design of a task-tailored flight control law.By applying the mission-oriented flying qualities evaluation approach,various aircraft with different control law parameters are evaluated on a ground-based simulator.This paper compares the evaluation results with several conventional flying qualities criteria,and discusses the appropriate parameter combination to reflect the flying qualities requirements of short-range air combat.The comparison and analysis show that a short-range air combat mission requires a higher minimum short period mode natural frequency and a smaller maximum roll mode time constant,and allows a lower minimum pitch attitude bandwidth and a higher maximum short period mode damp ratio than those of conventional flying qualities criteria.Furthermore,a combination of the pitch attitude bandwidth,the pitch attitude magnitude at the bandwidth frequency,and the pitch attitude transfer function gain can define the flying qualities requirements of short-range air combat.The new metric can successfully predict the flying quality levels of aircraft in a short-range air combat mission.展开更多
[ Objective] To explore the effects of different additives on the fermentation qualities and chemical composition of corn stalk silage. [ Method] The corn stalks were fermented in preservative of silage supplemented f...[ Objective] To explore the effects of different additives on the fermentation qualities and chemical composition of corn stalk silage. [ Method] The corn stalks were fermented in preservative of silage supplemented formic acid and formic aldehyde for 50 d, and the fermentation qualities and chemical composition of silage were examined. [ Result] Supplementation of formic acid improved fermentation qualities and increased the content of crude protein and soluble carbohydrate, while the content of crude protein was lower in the control silage. Supplementation of formic aldehyde alone did not enhance the fermentation qualities of silage. Supplementation of both formic acid and formic aldehyde （ especially at a ratio of 3：1 ） markedly improved the fermentation qualities of silage than that of formic acid alone. [ Conclusion] Supplementation of formic both acid and formic aldehyde can improve the fermentation qualities of corn stalk silage.展开更多
[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green she...[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green shell layer and Wenchang chicken were used as materials.The general egg quality traits and mineral elements contents of eight breeds at 43 weeks old were mensurated.[Result] There were significant differences in general egg qualities（except yolk weight）of eight breeds.About the mineral element contents,the differences were significant only in P,Mn and Se of some breeds in this experiment.[Conclusion]The results in this study could provide the reference for further researcher,layer producers,nutritionists,consumers and so on.展开更多
The development mode of industrial civilization has created huge material wealth for human society,but at the same time the severe ecological problems that have arisen from it have made human civilization fall into th...The development mode of industrial civilization has created huge material wealth for human society,but at the same time the severe ecological problems that have arisen from it have made human civilization fall into the dispersion of unsustainable development.The industrialized development mode has obvious non-ecological economic qualities,which are specifically manifested in the destruction of the ecological economy relationship between nature and mankind,the emergence of cracks of metabolism between nature and mankind,the unbalanced development of the social productive forces and the natural productive forces,and the functioning of one-way linear non-circular economy.Under the trend of ecological evolution of human civilization,the industrial civilization will be replaced by the ecological civilization,and then the industrial economic development mode will be transformed into the ecological economic development mode.As a result,the predicament of once unsustainable development has been gradually dispersed and human civilization enters a beautiful new era of coordinated development of economic society and natural ecology.展开更多
Nowadays the modern females get out of home, fighting with males to display their wonderful life and demonstrate the wonderful characters, so we will ask the question what qualities do the modern females belong? By an...Nowadays the modern females get out of home, fighting with males to display their wonderful life and demonstrate the wonderful characters, so we will ask the question what qualities do the modern females belong? By analyzing the novel Jane Eyre, it is easy to see the qualities of heroine such as independence, desiring of knowledge, exploring true love and emphasizing on spirit world and so on. This paper explains that it is important for modern females to build up their excellent qualities in order to deal with a lot of barriers in their future way.展开更多
The influences of the anthesis date and the fruiting branch positions on parameters of cotton fiber quality and super-molecular structure were studied. Fiber quality parameters, such as cotton fiber length, micronair,...The influences of the anthesis date and the fruiting branch positions on parameters of cotton fiber quality and super-molecular structure were studied. Fiber quality parameters, such as cotton fiber length, micronair, maturity and fiber strength deteriorated with postponing the anthesis date and decreasing temperature. When anthesis happened on the same date, the fruiting branch positions affected the fiber quality parameters, and the fiber quality parameters of the lower portion turned out to be higher than that of the upper portion, although the difference was insignificant. The super-molecular structure of the lower portion turned out to be superior to that of the upper portion at the early anthesis date and high temperature, which is in accordance with what was mentioned above, but the fruiting branch positions did not affect the impact of the anthesis date on the super-molecular structure.展开更多
The common method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics is indirectly based on their difference of purely mechanical and physical properties. When human skin slides across fabric surfaces, the friction interaction ...The common method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics is indirectly based on their difference of purely mechanical and physical properties. When human skin slides across fabric surfaces, the friction interaction between fabrics and skin will occur and trigger the cutaneouS tactile receptors, which are responsible for perceived tactile sensation. By the extracted features from friction- induced vibration signals, this paper presents an anthropomorphic classification method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics. The friction-induced vibration signals are recorded by a three-axis accelerator sensor, and the entice testing procedure is conducted in an anthropomorphic way to obtain vibration signals. The fast Fourier transform （FFT） is applied to analyzing the recoded signals, and then the classification features are extracted from the FFT data by the neurophysiological properties of tactile receptors. The extracted features are used to classify fabric samples by the softness sensation and the roughness sensation, respectively, and the classification performance is checked by a comparison with those in a sensory evaluation procedure. The results showed that the anthropomorphic objective classification method was precise and efficient to clarify tactile qualities of woven fabrics.展开更多
Dietary polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are numerous, diverse, and ubiquitous phytochemicals occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are important components of the human diet because of their capacity to red...Dietary polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are numerous, diverse, and ubiquitous phytochemicals occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are important components of the human diet because of their capacity to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. In plants, polyphenols contribute to resistance to pathogens due to their potent astringency and function as phytoalexins. As a result, organic grapevines grown with reduced pesticides may be more stressed by pathogens than conventionally grown grapevines and presumably produce more polyphenols. Since polyphenols also play an important role in the sensory qualities of fruits and wines particularly involving astringency and bitterness, there may be differences that affect sensory perceptions of wine. This establishes a conundrum where dietary polyphenols are healthful but potentially unpalatable.We recruited and randomized 18 female participants (21 - 50 y) to one of five groups (3 - 4 per group). Each group evaluated the sensory qualities of a geographically paired organic (OW) and conventional wine (CW) and an artificially colored white wine placebo (PW) with significantly differing total polyphenol concentrations (TP). Participants reported for three visits (one wine per visit) where they consumed 5 ounces (150 mL) of wine over 15 minutes while completing the sensory survey. Sensory evaluations based on a Likert-type scale included visual, aroma, and taste perceptions and overall impressions (scale 0 - 10). In two wine pairs, the OW contained significantly more TP (3.49 and 5.86 g/L) than the respective CW (2.63 and 4.63 g/L). In two other wine pairs both produced by sustainable viticulture, the CW (5.23 and 8.38 g/L) contained sig- nificantly more TP than OW (4.55 and 3.70 g/L) and in one set the amounts were equivalent (4.10 and 4.17 g/L). The five PW averaged 1.26 ± 0.20 g/L. Although there were significant differences in TP content of test wines, the results indicated that no significant differences in either intensity or quality for any of the sensory qualities were detected be- tween paired OW and CW wines but both scored significantly higher than the PW, with significantly lower TP. We conclude in this pilot study that a subset of OW from the Southwestern US is perceived similarly to CW produced by the same vineyard even with significantly differing TP concentrations.展开更多
Although it was frigid outside mid-winter, classrooms in the Business School of Beijing International Studies University are still as warm as spring,because of the passionate teachers and students. Professors were con...Although it was frigid outside mid-winter, classrooms in the Business School of Beijing International Studies University are still as warm as spring,because of the passionate teachers and students. Professors were conducting lectures in English, as the students listen carefully and occasionally answered the questions posed in fluent English.If hearing their voices only, audiences might easily mistake that they were in a university in an English-speaking country.'展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12,CARS-13 and CARS-14)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-OCRI).
文摘Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is an important oil crop in the high-altitude arid regions of China.Flaxseed is rich in various nutrients.However,the nutritional qualities of flaxseeds from different producing areas are still unclear.In this study,the nutritional characteristics of flaxseed from five producing areas in China were investigated.Twenty five nutritional quality indices in flaxseed were analyzed.Subsequently,chemometric methods,including cluster analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),were employed to discover the characteristics of nutritional qualities in flaxseeds.The results revealed there are significant differences in nutritional qualities among flaxseeds from different production areas.Six quality indices includingγ-tocopherol,vitamin E,phytosterols,oleic acid,α-linolenic acid,and cycloartenol were susceptible to producing area.In detail,the superiorcharacteristic nutrients of Ningxia flaxseed,Inner Mongolia flaxseed and Hebei flaxseed are vitamin E(17.3 mg/100g),α-linolenic acid(52.6%)and cycloartenol(1738.1 mg/kg),and phytosterols(3032.0 mg/kg),respectively.This study promotes the high-value development and utilization of local flaxseed industry.
基金co-supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.YWF-23-SDHK-L-005)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Nos.20220048051001,20230013051002)+2 种基金National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft AeromechanicsChina(Nos.61422202205,61422202106)the 1912Project,China。
文摘Tiltrotors have three flight modes that pose control problems and quality defects during the conversion process.To address this,a novel flying qualities-based time-varying stability augmentation system is designed to achieve multi-mode,nonlinear,and time-varying stability.The system integrates a nonlinear time-varying control law with the flying qualities requirements for all three flight modes.It consists of an inner and outer loop control framework,where the control law in the inner loop is designed based on the Lyapunov theorem of stability.The reference models in the outer loop are derived from the flying qualities criteria to meet level one flying qualities requirements.To evaluate the conversion process,a time-varying flying qualities evaluation method is developed,which includes the conversion path,pilot model,and time-varying flying qualities index.The proposed time-varying stability augmentation control system is then tested through simulation during the conversion process.A pilot-aircraft closed-loop system is established for conducting experiments.Comparison between simulation results and pilot-in-loop experiment results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control system.Furthermore,it proves that the evaluation method is suitable for analyzing time-varying systems.This research can be valuable in designing and evaluating stability augmentation controls for strongly time-varying systems.
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2006ZA51004)Fanzhou Foundation of China(20100506)
文摘During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities （FQ）. This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute （MAI） criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.
基金Supported by Introduction of Overseas Tropic Crop Germplasm Resources (948 Program of China)(2010-G2-08)a Grant from Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Program(nycytx-32-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.
基金Supported by Introduction of Overseas Tropic Crops Germplasm Resources(948Program of China)(2010-G2-08)a Program for Construction of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology System(nycytx-32-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.
文摘With the more and more frequent of international communications, diplomatic work has come to a totally new age.The diplomatic interpreters must meet higher requirments and challenges. Hence what qualities they should have becomes an important problem.this thesis focus on four aspects to deal with it.
基金This work was supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (973)the Hi-Tech Research and De-velopment Program of China (863) National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Grain cooking and nutrient qualities are the most important components of rice （Oryza sativa L.） quality. A doubled haploid （DH） population from a cross between two japonica cultivars was used to examine the phenotypic values and potential QTLs for the quality traits. The cooking and nutrient quality traits, including the amylose content （AC）, the gel consistency （CJC）, the gelatinization temperature （GT）, and the protein content （PC）, in rice grown under upland and lowland environments were evaluated. Significant differences for AC, GC, GT, and PC between upland and lowland environments were detected. The phenotypic values of all four traits were higher under upland environment than lowland environment. The value of PC under upland environment was significantly higher （by 37.9%） than that under lowland environment. This suggests that upland cultivation had large effect on both cooking and nutrient qualifies. A total of seven QTLs and twelve pairs of QTLs were detected to have significant additive and epistatic effects for the four traits. Significant Q x E interaction effects of two QTLs and two pairs of QTLs were also discovered. The general contribution of additive QTLs ranged from 1.91% to 19.77%. The Q × E interactions of QTLs QGt3 and QAc6 accounted for 8.99% and 47.86% of the phenotypic variation, respectively, whereas those of the 2 pairs of epistatic QTLs, QAc6-QAcllb and QAc8-QAc9, accounted for 32.54% and 11.82%, respectively. Five QTLs QGt6b, QGt8, QGt11, QGcl, and QPc2, which had relatively high general contribution and no Q x E interactions, were selected to facilitate the upland rice grain quality breeding.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30460016)Science and Technology Plan from Yunnan Branch Office of China National Tobacco Corporation(2011YN03,2010YN03,07A01)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in tobacco leaves growing under different light qualities. [Method] By covering tobacco plants with white, red, yellow, blue and purple films to obtain different light quality, the changes of chlorophyll content, activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases in the tobacco leaves were studied. [Results] Compared with treatments of white, red and yellow film, blue and purple films delayed the decrease of chlorophyll content and senescence of tobacco leaves at the late growth stage, and relatively lowered the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases during growth, development and senescence periods. [Conclusion] Different light qualities exhibited various effects on the growth, development and senescence of tobacco leaves, possibly by affecting the activity and gene expression of caspase-like proteases to some extent.
基金Supported by 973 Project of National Basic Research Program ofChina(2006CB403200)Science and technology program of Guizhou Province(S2007-1021,2008-73,TZJF2008-17)National Scientific and Technological Support Project of China(2006BAD03A0303)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study influences of different land use ways on soil qualities in plateau karst depression.[Method] Different land use types were divided by topographic map of 1∶10 000 scales and soil properties of physics and chemistry were analyzed.[Result] The results showed that the variation trend of soil depth(A+B stratum)was slope plough(include returning farm to forest)land>natural forest land>planted forest land>shrub forest land,and relative indexes changing regularities of soil...
基金financially supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China(2012AA101103)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(11JJ3032)the Major Project of China for Cultivation Technology of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2014ZX08009-024B and 2014ZX08009003-004-009)
文摘Eating and cooking qualities（ECQs） of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy（Wx） gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I（GBSS I） in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content（AAC） and gel consistency（GC） were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wx^a type〉Wx^in type〉Wx^b type〉Wx^mq type〉wx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer（RVA） profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.
文摘Owing to the lack of a direct link with the operations in short-range air combat,conventional aircraft flying qualities criteria are inappropriate to guide the design of a task-tailored flight control law.By applying the mission-oriented flying qualities evaluation approach,various aircraft with different control law parameters are evaluated on a ground-based simulator.This paper compares the evaluation results with several conventional flying qualities criteria,and discusses the appropriate parameter combination to reflect the flying qualities requirements of short-range air combat.The comparison and analysis show that a short-range air combat mission requires a higher minimum short period mode natural frequency and a smaller maximum roll mode time constant,and allows a lower minimum pitch attitude bandwidth and a higher maximum short period mode damp ratio than those of conventional flying qualities criteria.Furthermore,a combination of the pitch attitude bandwidth,the pitch attitude magnitude at the bandwidth frequency,and the pitch attitude transfer function gain can define the flying qualities requirements of short-range air combat.The new metric can successfully predict the flying quality levels of aircraft in a short-range air combat mission.
文摘[ Objective] To explore the effects of different additives on the fermentation qualities and chemical composition of corn stalk silage. [ Method] The corn stalks were fermented in preservative of silage supplemented formic acid and formic aldehyde for 50 d, and the fermentation qualities and chemical composition of silage were examined. [ Result] Supplementation of formic acid improved fermentation qualities and increased the content of crude protein and soluble carbohydrate, while the content of crude protein was lower in the control silage. Supplementation of formic aldehyde alone did not enhance the fermentation qualities of silage. Supplementation of both formic acid and formic aldehyde （ especially at a ratio of 3：1 ） markedly improved the fermentation qualities of silage than that of formic acid alone. [ Conclusion] Supplementation of formic both acid and formic aldehyde can improve the fermentation qualities of corn stalk silage.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAD39B04-3)Yangzhou city societal development item (YZ2010080)
文摘[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green shell layer and Wenchang chicken were used as materials.The general egg quality traits and mineral elements contents of eight breeds at 43 weeks old were mensurated.[Result] There were significant differences in general egg qualities（except yolk weight）of eight breeds.About the mineral element contents,the differences were significant only in P,Mn and Se of some breeds in this experiment.[Conclusion]The results in this study could provide the reference for further researcher,layer producers,nutritionists,consumers and so on.
基金Supported by the Key Research Projects of Shanxi Federation of Social Sciences from 2020 to 2021(SSKLZDKT2020001)Later Funded Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shanxi Province in 2019(2019D008)+1 种基金Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(HGKY2019074)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Foundation Project of North University of China in 2019(ZYMY201903).
文摘The development mode of industrial civilization has created huge material wealth for human society,but at the same time the severe ecological problems that have arisen from it have made human civilization fall into the dispersion of unsustainable development.The industrialized development mode has obvious non-ecological economic qualities,which are specifically manifested in the destruction of the ecological economy relationship between nature and mankind,the emergence of cracks of metabolism between nature and mankind,the unbalanced development of the social productive forces and the natural productive forces,and the functioning of one-way linear non-circular economy.Under the trend of ecological evolution of human civilization,the industrial civilization will be replaced by the ecological civilization,and then the industrial economic development mode will be transformed into the ecological economic development mode.As a result,the predicament of once unsustainable development has been gradually dispersed and human civilization enters a beautiful new era of coordinated development of economic society and natural ecology.
文摘Nowadays the modern females get out of home, fighting with males to display their wonderful life and demonstrate the wonderful characters, so we will ask the question what qualities do the modern females belong? By analyzing the novel Jane Eyre, it is easy to see the qualities of heroine such as independence, desiring of knowledge, exploring true love and emphasizing on spirit world and so on. This paper explains that it is important for modern females to build up their excellent qualities in order to deal with a lot of barriers in their future way.
文摘The influences of the anthesis date and the fruiting branch positions on parameters of cotton fiber quality and super-molecular structure were studied. Fiber quality parameters, such as cotton fiber length, micronair, maturity and fiber strength deteriorated with postponing the anthesis date and decreasing temperature. When anthesis happened on the same date, the fruiting branch positions affected the fiber quality parameters, and the fiber quality parameters of the lower portion turned out to be higher than that of the upper portion, although the difference was insignificant. The super-molecular structure of the lower portion turned out to be superior to that of the upper portion at the early anthesis date and high temperature, which is in accordance with what was mentioned above, but the fruiting branch positions did not affect the impact of the anthesis date on the super-molecular structure.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China，Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China，the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The common method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics is indirectly based on their difference of purely mechanical and physical properties. When human skin slides across fabric surfaces, the friction interaction between fabrics and skin will occur and trigger the cutaneouS tactile receptors, which are responsible for perceived tactile sensation. By the extracted features from friction- induced vibration signals, this paper presents an anthropomorphic classification method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics. The friction-induced vibration signals are recorded by a three-axis accelerator sensor, and the entice testing procedure is conducted in an anthropomorphic way to obtain vibration signals. The fast Fourier transform （FFT） is applied to analyzing the recoded signals, and then the classification features are extracted from the FFT data by the neurophysiological properties of tactile receptors. The extracted features are used to classify fabric samples by the softness sensation and the roughness sensation, respectively, and the classification performance is checked by a comparison with those in a sensory evaluation procedure. The results showed that the anthropomorphic objective classification method was precise and efficient to clarify tactile qualities of woven fabrics.
文摘Dietary polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are numerous, diverse, and ubiquitous phytochemicals occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are important components of the human diet because of their capacity to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. In plants, polyphenols contribute to resistance to pathogens due to their potent astringency and function as phytoalexins. As a result, organic grapevines grown with reduced pesticides may be more stressed by pathogens than conventionally grown grapevines and presumably produce more polyphenols. Since polyphenols also play an important role in the sensory qualities of fruits and wines particularly involving astringency and bitterness, there may be differences that affect sensory perceptions of wine. This establishes a conundrum where dietary polyphenols are healthful but potentially unpalatable.We recruited and randomized 18 female participants (21 - 50 y) to one of five groups (3 - 4 per group). Each group evaluated the sensory qualities of a geographically paired organic (OW) and conventional wine (CW) and an artificially colored white wine placebo (PW) with significantly differing total polyphenol concentrations (TP). Participants reported for three visits (one wine per visit) where they consumed 5 ounces (150 mL) of wine over 15 minutes while completing the sensory survey. Sensory evaluations based on a Likert-type scale included visual, aroma, and taste perceptions and overall impressions (scale 0 - 10). In two wine pairs, the OW contained significantly more TP (3.49 and 5.86 g/L) than the respective CW (2.63 and 4.63 g/L). In two other wine pairs both produced by sustainable viticulture, the CW (5.23 and 8.38 g/L) contained sig- nificantly more TP than OW (4.55 and 3.70 g/L) and in one set the amounts were equivalent (4.10 and 4.17 g/L). The five PW averaged 1.26 ± 0.20 g/L. Although there were significant differences in TP content of test wines, the results indicated that no significant differences in either intensity or quality for any of the sensory qualities were detected be- tween paired OW and CW wines but both scored significantly higher than the PW, with significantly lower TP. We conclude in this pilot study that a subset of OW from the Southwestern US is perceived similarly to CW produced by the same vineyard even with significantly differing TP concentrations.
文摘Although it was frigid outside mid-winter, classrooms in the Business School of Beijing International Studies University are still as warm as spring,because of the passionate teachers and students. Professors were conducting lectures in English, as the students listen carefully and occasionally answered the questions posed in fluent English.If hearing their voices only, audiences might easily mistake that they were in a university in an English-speaking country.'
