新疆奇台拟建的110 m全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT),主要用于脉冲星观测、引力波及黑洞探测、恒星形成和星系起源等基础科学研究领域.为了满足众多科学需求,将配备各种超宽带、多波束、高灵敏度接收机与处理系统,其主...新疆奇台拟建的110 m全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT),主要用于脉冲星观测、引力波及黑洞探测、恒星形成和星系起源等基础科学研究领域.为了满足众多科学需求,将配备各种超宽带、多波束、高灵敏度接收机与处理系统,其主要功能是将射电望远镜收到的微弱的电磁波信号经接收机放大、滤波、变频之后在数字终端进行处理.由于该系统决定了射电望远镜的工作带宽、瞬时带宽和视场,并与灵敏度具有紧密联系,因此作为该大型射电望远镜的重要组成部分,对于望远镜的性能具有至关重要的作用.本文具体展示了QTT超宽带多波束信号接收与处理系统配置方案和主要性能指标,系统地论述了QTT接收机与信号采集与处理系统初步技术方案,分析了信号接收与处理系统的关键技术问题.展开更多
研制满足单面板精度为0.07mm(RMS)的高精度面板,是制造高精度新疆110m射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope,QTT)天线的关键技术之一.QTT基于主动保形技术,为满足天线结构与性能优化需求,在保证面板精度同时面板数量需要控制.天线面板越大...研制满足单面板精度为0.07mm(RMS)的高精度面板,是制造高精度新疆110m射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope,QTT)天线的关键技术之一.QTT基于主动保形技术,为满足天线结构与性能优化需求,在保证面板精度同时面板数量需要控制.天线面板越大面型精度提升越困难,制造高精度大面板将面临严峻挑战.基于蜂窝夹层结构、蒙皮筋条结构,采用改进负压成型工艺,进行了高精度面板成型试验研究,试验结果表明面积小于1.5 m^2面板精度能满足需求,就目前国内工艺水平来看已无法研制更大面积单面板(如5 m^2).为了满足QTT需求,对组合面板结构进行了初探.仿真了采用传统以及过渡子桁架,基于刚性和等柔性支撑两种方式以及采用传统拼接组合面板形式.结果表明采用过渡子桁架方式面板精度、数量能够满足需求,但复杂子桁架结构研制成本高,且造成组合面板重量增加,会导致天线结构设计复杂影响天线性能;传统拼接组合面板结构虽然满足精度需求但其面板数量没有控制在理想范围内.展望了未来提高面板精度需要进一步开展的工作.展开更多
A promising way to uncover the genetic architectures underlying complex traits may lie in the ability to recognize the genetic variants and expression transcripts that are responsible for the traits' inheritance.H...A promising way to uncover the genetic architectures underlying complex traits may lie in the ability to recognize the genetic variants and expression transcripts that are responsible for the traits' inheritance.However,statistical methods capable of investigating the association between the inheritance of a quantitative trait and expression transcripts are still limited.In this study,we described a two-step approach that we developed to evaluate the contribution of expression transcripts to the inheritance of a complex trait.First,a mixed linear model approach was applied to detect significant trait-associated differentially expressed transcripts.Then,conditional analysis were used to predict the contribution of the differentially expressed genes to a target trait.Diallel cross data of cotton was used to test the application of the approach.We proposed that the detected differentially expressed transcripts with a strong impact on the target trait could be used as intermediates for screening lines to improve the traits in plant and animal breeding programs.It can benefit the discovery of the genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits.展开更多
Owing to its large aperture and advanced receivers,research plans for the Qitai 110 m radio telescope(QTT)include a variety of spectral line scientific studies.Sequential construction of receiver systems and multidisc...Owing to its large aperture and advanced receivers,research plans for the Qitai 110 m radio telescope(QTT)include a variety of spectral line scientific studies.Sequential construction of receiver systems and multidisciplinary planning require overcoming serious challenges to spectral line digital backend development,notably to digitize,process,and transmit considerable quantities of observational data,to minimize time-to-science with an easily scalable architecture,and to provide robust,high-quality data.As a proof-of-concept for the QTT backend,here we implement a baseband spectral line digital backend with a SNAP+GPU architecture.The SNAP-based digital frontend comprises two digitization links(1000 MHz,8-bit),two parallel quad-channel preprocessing modules,a quantization module,and a finite-state packaging module,generating a 100-MHz bandwidth digital link from the original analog signal through high-speed Ethernet transmission.The GPU node receives preprocessed baseband packets,constructs a ring buffer for lossless unpacking and distributing,with real-time data reception and caching,and conducts real-time spectral analysis(frequency resolution:3.051 kHz)of the 100 MHz baseband data.We evaluated system performance experimentally using spectral line observations with the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope(NSRT).For the QTT,the SNAP digital frontend will be seamlessly migrated to a radio frequency system-on-chip(RFSoC)architecture,resulting in five-and tenfold increases in instantaneous bandwidth and data throughput,respectively.The low-coupling digital frontend and GPU node can be easily extended to multiple nodes.展开更多
大口径射电望远镜具有极高的系统灵敏度,其建设及运行过程将引入各类电子设备,电磁干扰的有效控制是射电望远镜科学产出的重要保证.本文结合射电天文台址电子设备电磁兼容性要求,分析了现有射电天文领域及其他领域电子设备的主要电磁兼...大口径射电望远镜具有极高的系统灵敏度,其建设及运行过程将引入各类电子设备,电磁干扰的有效控制是射电望远镜科学产出的重要保证.本文结合射电天文台址电子设备电磁兼容性要求,分析了现有射电天文领域及其他领域电子设备的主要电磁兼容评估标准及存在的不足,考虑到工程实施的可行性,提出大口径射电望远镜电磁兼容控制方法,涉及台址电子设备所在位置干扰电平限值量化方法、电子设备电磁兼容测量方法和测量要求、屏蔽效能测量方法及测量要求、电子设备电磁兼容控制流程等.该电磁兼容控制方法计划应用于新疆奇台拟建的110 m全向可动射电望远镜(Qi Tai Radio Telescope, QTT),确保QTT拥有良好的电磁兼容性.展开更多
本文针对110 m口径全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT)全工况下主反射面面形快速高精度测量问题提出了一种基于图像传感器的快速摄影测量方法.该方法将天线主反射面分成16个测量单元,通过每个测量单元的不同焦距的两台相机...本文针对110 m口径全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT)全工况下主反射面面形快速高精度测量问题提出了一种基于图像传感器的快速摄影测量方法.该方法将天线主反射面分成16个测量单元,通过每个测量单元的不同焦距的两台相机测量反射面上固定靶标点的像素偏移量,并根据像素偏移量与天线反射面法向偏差之间的关系计算出反射面的变形量.通过优化确定了每个测量单元靶标点的数目,分析了面形测量精度影响因素,确定了每个测量单元上不同焦距的两个相机的安装位置和焦距等关键参数.该方法可以提高测量效率和精度,为大口径天线反射面快速测量提供了一种新的解决方案.展开更多
文摘新疆奇台拟建的110 m全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT),主要用于脉冲星观测、引力波及黑洞探测、恒星形成和星系起源等基础科学研究领域.为了满足众多科学需求,将配备各种超宽带、多波束、高灵敏度接收机与处理系统,其主要功能是将射电望远镜收到的微弱的电磁波信号经接收机放大、滤波、变频之后在数字终端进行处理.由于该系统决定了射电望远镜的工作带宽、瞬时带宽和视场,并与灵敏度具有紧密联系,因此作为该大型射电望远镜的重要组成部分,对于望远镜的性能具有至关重要的作用.本文具体展示了QTT超宽带多波束信号接收与处理系统配置方案和主要性能指标,系统地论述了QTT接收机与信号采集与处理系统初步技术方案,分析了信号接收与处理系统的关键技术问题.
文摘研制满足单面板精度为0.07mm(RMS)的高精度面板,是制造高精度新疆110m射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope,QTT)天线的关键技术之一.QTT基于主动保形技术,为满足天线结构与性能优化需求,在保证面板精度同时面板数量需要控制.天线面板越大面型精度提升越困难,制造高精度大面板将面临严峻挑战.基于蜂窝夹层结构、蒙皮筋条结构,采用改进负压成型工艺,进行了高精度面板成型试验研究,试验结果表明面积小于1.5 m^2面板精度能满足需求,就目前国内工艺水平来看已无法研制更大面积单面板(如5 m^2).为了满足QTT需求,对组合面板结构进行了初探.仿真了采用传统以及过渡子桁架,基于刚性和等柔性支撑两种方式以及采用传统拼接组合面板形式.结果表明采用过渡子桁架方式面板精度、数量能够满足需求,但复杂子桁架结构研制成本高,且造成组合面板重量增加,会导致天线结构设计复杂影响天线性能;传统拼接组合面板结构虽然满足精度需求但其面板数量没有控制在理想范围内.展望了未来提高面板精度需要进一步开展的工作.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB109306)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2009ZX08009-004B,2011AA10A102)+2 种基金the CNTC(110200701023)the YNTC(08A05)the earmearked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Reasearch System(CARS-18-05)
文摘A promising way to uncover the genetic architectures underlying complex traits may lie in the ability to recognize the genetic variants and expression transcripts that are responsible for the traits' inheritance.However,statistical methods capable of investigating the association between the inheritance of a quantitative trait and expression transcripts are still limited.In this study,we described a two-step approach that we developed to evaluate the contribution of expression transcripts to the inheritance of a complex trait.First,a mixed linear model approach was applied to detect significant trait-associated differentially expressed transcripts.Then,conditional analysis were used to predict the contribution of the differentially expressed genes to a target trait.Diallel cross data of cotton was used to test the application of the approach.We proposed that the detected differentially expressed transcripts with a strong impact on the target trait could be used as intermediates for screening lines to improve the traits in plant and animal breeding programs.It can benefit the discovery of the genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits.
基金supported by the “Light in China’s Western Region” program (2022-XBQNXZ012)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12073067)
文摘Owing to its large aperture and advanced receivers,research plans for the Qitai 110 m radio telescope(QTT)include a variety of spectral line scientific studies.Sequential construction of receiver systems and multidisciplinary planning require overcoming serious challenges to spectral line digital backend development,notably to digitize,process,and transmit considerable quantities of observational data,to minimize time-to-science with an easily scalable architecture,and to provide robust,high-quality data.As a proof-of-concept for the QTT backend,here we implement a baseband spectral line digital backend with a SNAP+GPU architecture.The SNAP-based digital frontend comprises two digitization links(1000 MHz,8-bit),two parallel quad-channel preprocessing modules,a quantization module,and a finite-state packaging module,generating a 100-MHz bandwidth digital link from the original analog signal through high-speed Ethernet transmission.The GPU node receives preprocessed baseband packets,constructs a ring buffer for lossless unpacking and distributing,with real-time data reception and caching,and conducts real-time spectral analysis(frequency resolution:3.051 kHz)of the 100 MHz baseband data.We evaluated system performance experimentally using spectral line observations with the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope(NSRT).For the QTT,the SNAP digital frontend will be seamlessly migrated to a radio frequency system-on-chip(RFSoC)architecture,resulting in five-and tenfold increases in instantaneous bandwidth and data throughput,respectively.The low-coupling digital frontend and GPU node can be easily extended to multiple nodes.
文摘大口径射电望远镜具有极高的系统灵敏度,其建设及运行过程将引入各类电子设备,电磁干扰的有效控制是射电望远镜科学产出的重要保证.本文结合射电天文台址电子设备电磁兼容性要求,分析了现有射电天文领域及其他领域电子设备的主要电磁兼容评估标准及存在的不足,考虑到工程实施的可行性,提出大口径射电望远镜电磁兼容控制方法,涉及台址电子设备所在位置干扰电平限值量化方法、电子设备电磁兼容测量方法和测量要求、屏蔽效能测量方法及测量要求、电子设备电磁兼容控制流程等.该电磁兼容控制方法计划应用于新疆奇台拟建的110 m全向可动射电望远镜(Qi Tai Radio Telescope, QTT),确保QTT拥有良好的电磁兼容性.
文摘非线性特性广泛存在于伺服传动系统的各个环节,对高精度大口径射电望远镜指向与跟踪精度的影响不可忽略.本文针对天线常见的非线性特性展开讨论,分析此类特性对系统造成的负面影响,之后,讨论了常见的非线性补偿方法的优劣.新疆110 m口径全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT)天线,指向精度要求高,其对设备稳定性、可靠性有着极高要求.本文提出采用非线性动态补偿方法来抑制天线伺服传动系统中的非线性特性,从而降低或消除跟踪、指向动作时的滞后和误差,提高系统稳定性,优化大口径天线的运动性能.非线性动态补偿方法结构简单,鲁棒性强,具有较高的适用性.本文通过计算机仿真与半实物实验结合的方式,模拟大口径天线常见的饱和非线性工况,并以QTT天线作为被控对象验证了该方法的实际补偿效果.最后,讨论了非线性动态补偿法的进一步改进方向.
文摘本文针对110 m口径全可动射电望远镜(QiTai Radio Telescope, QTT)全工况下主反射面面形快速高精度测量问题提出了一种基于图像传感器的快速摄影测量方法.该方法将天线主反射面分成16个测量单元,通过每个测量单元的不同焦距的两台相机测量反射面上固定靶标点的像素偏移量,并根据像素偏移量与天线反射面法向偏差之间的关系计算出反射面的变形量.通过优化确定了每个测量单元靶标点的数目,分析了面形测量精度影响因素,确定了每个测量单元上不同焦距的两个相机的安装位置和焦距等关键参数.该方法可以提高测量效率和精度,为大口径天线反射面快速测量提供了一种新的解决方案.
