The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions durin...The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.展开更多
A new series of acyelic aromatic polyamide pyridine derivatives a-h and a new macrocyclic polyamide containing pyridine ring i were synthesized by the reaction of N^2, N^6-his（2-aminoethyl） pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxami...A new series of acyelic aromatic polyamide pyridine derivatives a-h and a new macrocyclic polyamide containing pyridine ring i were synthesized by the reaction of N^2, N^6-his（2-aminoethyl） pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxamide or N^2 , N^6-bis （3-aminopropyl） pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide with various acyl chloride. The compounds were characterized by MS, ^1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The single-crystal structure of g confirmed that the crystal is of triclinic, space group P-1 with Mr = 487.55, α=9.3031（19）, b=12.167（2） , c=126.50（3） nm, α=108.91（3）°, β= 97. 57（3）°, γ=102.07（3）°, Ⅴ= 1 293.5 nm, Z=2, Dc=1. 252 kg/m^3, μ=0. 086 mm^-1, F（000）=516, X-ray analysis reveals that there exist hydrogen bonding and network structure in the crystal.展开更多
A series of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine(3a-3f)and furo[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives(4a-4g)were evaluated on humanα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)using two-electrode voltage clamp(TEVC)recording.A representati...A series of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine(3a-3f)and furo[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives(4a-4g)were evaluated on humanα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)using two-electrode voltage clamp(TEVC)recording.A representative 2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-furo[3,2-b]pyridine 4f as negative allosteric modulator(NAM)selectively inhibited alpha7 nAChR overα3β4,α4β2 nAChRs and 5-HT_(3A) receptor,with a potency of IC_(50) of 5.51μM and a maximum inhibition rate of 87.8%.The preliminary analysis of structure-activity relationship(SAR)suggested that compound 4f could serve as a basis for further discovery of potent and selectiveα7 nAChR NAMs.展开更多
Two new Cu（Ⅰ） complexes [CuCl（3-PyOH）（PPh_3）_2]（1） and [Cu_2（μ-Cl）_2（4-Stpy）（Ph_3P）_3]（2）（PyOH = hydroxypyridine; stpy = styrylpyridine） with triphenylphosphine and pyridine derivatives have been s...Two new Cu（Ⅰ） complexes [CuCl（3-PyOH）（PPh_3）_2]（1） and [Cu_2（μ-Cl）_2（4-Stpy）（Ph_3P）_3]（2）（PyOH = hydroxypyridine; stpy = styrylpyridine） with triphenylphosphine and pyridine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/c with a = 9.8945（7）, b = 37.266（2）, c = 10.9461（7） A, β = 116.0750（10）°, V = 3625.3（4） A^3, Z = 4, D_c = 1.350 Mg/cm^（-3）, μ = 0.801 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1528, the final R = 0.0320 and w R = 0.0729 for 18568 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））, R（all data） = 0.0413, wR（all data） = 0.0769, completeness to theta of 25.01 is 99.9% and GOF = 1.037. Compound 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/c with a = 11.290（3）, b = 20.388（5）, c = 24.092（6） A, β = 102.028（4）°, V = 5424（2） A^3, Z = 4, D_c = 1.428 Mg/cm^（-3）, μ = 1.016 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 2408, the final R = 0.0568 and w R = 0.1486 for 27644 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））, R（all data） = 0.0716, wR（all data） = 0.1592, completeness to theta of 25.01 is 99.9% and GOF = 1.056. Two new Cu（I） complexes have been utilized as catalysts for N-arylation of imidazole and both showed good catalytic activity.展开更多
Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell(DSPEC)is a promising approach to solar fuels production.In this study,a series of pyridine derivatives as surface additives were mod...Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell(DSPEC)is a promising approach to solar fuels production.In this study,a series of pyridine derivatives as surface additives were modified on a molecular chromophore and water oxidation catalyst co-loaded TiO_(2)photoanode,TiO_(2)|RuP,1(RuP=Ru(4,4′-(PO3H2)2-2,2′-bipyridine)(2,2′-bipyridine)2,1=Ru(bda)(L)2,(bda=2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate,L=10-(pyridin-4-yloxy)decyl)phosphonic acid).The addition of pyridine additives was found to result in up to 42%increase in photocurrent.Under simulated sun-light irradiation,TiO_(2)|RuP,1,P1(P1=4-Hydroxypyridine)produced a photocurrent density of 1 mA/cm2 at a bias of 0.4 V vs.NHE in acetate buffer.Moreover,the observed photocurrents are correlated with the electron-donating ability of the substituent groups on pyridine ring.Transient absorption measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that surface-bound pyridine can effectively retard the back-electron transfer from the TiO_(2)conduction band to the oxidized dye,which is a major process responsible for energy loss in DSPECs.展开更多
The stability constants of binary complexes Ln-L (Ln = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, L = N, N'-bis (2'-pyridine) methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dimethanamine) were determined by ...The stability constants of binary complexes Ln-L (Ln = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, L = N, N'-bis (2'-pyridine) methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dimethanamine) were determined by pH potentiometric titration method at 25 +/- 0.1degreesC in 0.1 mol . L-1 NaClO4. The probable structures of the corresponding complexes were proposed. The influence of the metal ions to the stability of binary complexes and the stability difference between the complexes of rare earth ion and the corresponding complexes of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ ions were discussed. The stability constants of the corresponding binary complex of radioactive Pm3+ ion were estimated by linear regression.展开更多
In this research,specific molecular sensors are classified according to the type of receptor-cation interaction,that is ligand-metal interactions.Receptors are based on a multidentate protoporphyrin-appended pyridine ...In this research,specific molecular sensors are classified according to the type of receptor-cation interaction,that is ligand-metal interactions.Receptors are based on a multidentate protoporphyrin-appended pyridine platform,which leaves at least a vacant coordination site for the incoming metal ions.A protoporphyrin-appended pyridine,2,5-pyridine dicarboxyamidyl-8,13-bis(vinyl)-3,7,18,17-tetramethyl-21 H,23 H-porphyrin(P-PTP),was designed and synthesized.Its application as potential fluoroionophore for recognition of cadmium and mercury ions is reported.P-PTP shows chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect with Cd(Ⅱ)and Hg(Ⅱ)via the interruption of photoinduced electron transfer(PET)process,which has been utilized as the basis of the fabrication of the metal ions-sensitive fluorescent chemosensor.The analytical performance characteristics of the proposed Cd(Ⅱ)-and Hg(Ⅱ)-sensitive chemosensors were investigated.It shows a linear response toward Cd(Ⅱ)and Hg(Ⅱ)in the concentration range of 1.0×10-3 to 1.0×10-7 M with a limit of detection of 1.0×10-7 M and 0.5×10-7M for Cd(Ⅱ)and Hg(Ⅱ),respectively.The chemosensor shows good selectivity for Cd(Ⅱ)over a large number of other transition metal ions,i.e.,Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)and mixed metal ions.展开更多
A novel ligand, N,N＇-（2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl）bis[N-（carboxymethyl）] （Lj） was designed and synthesized starting from pyri- dine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid （I）. The ligand （L0 and ititermediate product （3） were c...A novel ligand, N,N＇-（2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl）bis[N-（carboxymethyl）] （Lj） was designed and synthesized starting from pyri- dine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid （I）. The ligand （L0 and ititermediate product （3） were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） spectra and elemental analysis. Besides, four novel co-luminescence systems of Sm-La-pyridyl carboxylic acids： K4Sm（1-x）Lax（L1）C13T1H20, K12Sm2（1-x）La2x（L2）3 C16y2H2O, K6Sm20 xyLa2x（L3）C16-y3H：O and K4Sm（1-x）Lax（L4）Cl3y4H20 （x was the mole fraction of La（III） in the mixed ions, the value was 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, respectively; Yl, Y2, Y3, Y4 were plus integer） were studied, and the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement effect was discussed detailedly.展开更多
Three bis-vinylpyridine compounds (4,4′-bis(2-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L1,4,4′-bis(3-vinylpyridine) biphenyl L2,and 4,4′-bis (4-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L3) were synthesized by one-step solid-state reactions at room te...Three bis-vinylpyridine compounds (4,4′-bis(2-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L1,4,4′-bis(3-vinylpyridine) biphenyl L2,and 4,4′-bis (4-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L3) were synthesized by one-step solid-state reactions at room temperature,giving nearly quantitative yields. The compounds obtained were fully characterized by IR,MS and NMR spectroscopies. The structures of L2 and L3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. No noticeable solvatochromism was observed in either one-photon absorption or one-photon excited fluorescence spectra. All of the compounds have high fluorescence quantum yields and long fluorescence lifetime. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the compounds were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Interestingly,the position of the nitrogen atom from pyridine influences their two-photon absorption across-sections.展开更多
Indolizine is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with strong aromaticity,possessing a delocalized 10π-electron system.Based on the indolizine scaffolds,numerous molecules with biological activity and organic functiona...Indolizine is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with strong aromaticity,possessing a delocalized 10π-electron system.Based on the indolizine scaffolds,numerous molecules with biological activity and organic functional materials have been synthesized.Since 2016,over 110 papers have been published on the synthesis of indolizine scaffolds,but the reviews on synthesizing indolizine scaffolds have been incomplete and not up-to-date.Herein,from the perspective of the structure of indolizine with the combination of pyrrole and pyridine ring,we focus on the construction of indolizine scaffolds through the diversity of starting substrates,including pyridine derivatives(N1-substituted pyridinium salt derivatives,C2-substituted pyridine derivatives,N1-and C2-free substituted pyridine derivatives),pyrrole derivatives and unoriginal ring substrates.Furthermore,the corresponding reaction mechanisms of synthetic methodologies are also elaborated.Therefore,this review not only paves the way for indolizine synthesis but also provides insight into exploring new reaction modes for constructing nitrogen-containing heterocycles.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Science and Technol-ogy Program of Henan Province(No.232102241020)the Ph.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613480015)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613554001)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420021).
文摘The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.
基金Supported bythe National Natrual Science Foundationof China(20072029)
文摘A new series of acyelic aromatic polyamide pyridine derivatives a-h and a new macrocyclic polyamide containing pyridine ring i were synthesized by the reaction of N^2, N^6-his（2-aminoethyl） pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxamide or N^2 , N^6-bis （3-aminopropyl） pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide with various acyl chloride. The compounds were characterized by MS, ^1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The single-crystal structure of g confirmed that the crystal is of triclinic, space group P-1 with Mr = 487.55, α=9.3031（19）, b=12.167（2） , c=126.50（3） nm, α=108.91（3）°, β= 97. 57（3）°, γ=102.07（3）°, Ⅴ= 1 293.5 nm, Z=2, Dc=1. 252 kg/m^3, μ=0. 086 mm^-1, F（000）=516, X-ray analysis reveals that there exist hydrogen bonding and network structure in the crystal.
基金National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.21572011,81537410)Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2014ZX09507003-006-004)
文摘A series of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine(3a-3f)and furo[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives(4a-4g)were evaluated on humanα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)using two-electrode voltage clamp(TEVC)recording.A representative 2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-furo[3,2-b]pyridine 4f as negative allosteric modulator(NAM)selectively inhibited alpha7 nAChR overα3β4,α4β2 nAChRs and 5-HT_(3A) receptor,with a potency of IC_(50) of 5.51μM and a maximum inhibition rate of 87.8%.The preliminary analysis of structure-activity relationship(SAR)suggested that compound 4f could serve as a basis for further discovery of potent and selectiveα7 nAChR NAMs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 21102102)
文摘Two new Cu（Ⅰ） complexes [CuCl（3-PyOH）（PPh_3）_2]（1） and [Cu_2（μ-Cl）_2（4-Stpy）（Ph_3P）_3]（2）（PyOH = hydroxypyridine; stpy = styrylpyridine） with triphenylphosphine and pyridine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/c with a = 9.8945（7）, b = 37.266（2）, c = 10.9461（7） A, β = 116.0750（10）°, V = 3625.3（4） A^3, Z = 4, D_c = 1.350 Mg/cm^（-3）, μ = 0.801 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1528, the final R = 0.0320 and w R = 0.0729 for 18568 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））, R（all data） = 0.0413, wR（all data） = 0.0769, completeness to theta of 25.01 is 99.9% and GOF = 1.037. Compound 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/c with a = 11.290（3）, b = 20.388（5）, c = 24.092（6） A, β = 102.028（4）°, V = 5424（2） A^3, Z = 4, D_c = 1.428 Mg/cm^（-3）, μ = 1.016 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 2408, the final R = 0.0568 and w R = 0.1486 for 27644 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））, R（all data） = 0.0716, wR（all data） = 0.1592, completeness to theta of 25.01 is 99.9% and GOF = 1.056. Two new Cu（I） complexes have been utilized as catalysts for N-arylation of imidazole and both showed good catalytic activity.
文摘Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell(DSPEC)is a promising approach to solar fuels production.In this study,a series of pyridine derivatives as surface additives were modified on a molecular chromophore and water oxidation catalyst co-loaded TiO_(2)photoanode,TiO_(2)|RuP,1(RuP=Ru(4,4′-(PO3H2)2-2,2′-bipyridine)(2,2′-bipyridine)2,1=Ru(bda)(L)2,(bda=2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate,L=10-(pyridin-4-yloxy)decyl)phosphonic acid).The addition of pyridine additives was found to result in up to 42%increase in photocurrent.Under simulated sun-light irradiation,TiO_(2)|RuP,1,P1(P1=4-Hydroxypyridine)produced a photocurrent density of 1 mA/cm2 at a bias of 0.4 V vs.NHE in acetate buffer.Moreover,the observed photocurrents are correlated with the electron-donating ability of the substituent groups on pyridine ring.Transient absorption measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that surface-bound pyridine can effectively retard the back-electron transfer from the TiO_(2)conduction band to the oxidized dye,which is a major process responsible for energy loss in DSPECs.
文摘The stability constants of binary complexes Ln-L (Ln = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, L = N, N'-bis (2'-pyridine) methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dimethanamine) were determined by pH potentiometric titration method at 25 +/- 0.1degreesC in 0.1 mol . L-1 NaClO4. The probable structures of the corresponding complexes were proposed. The influence of the metal ions to the stability of binary complexes and the stability difference between the complexes of rare earth ion and the corresponding complexes of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ ions were discussed. The stability constants of the corresponding binary complex of radioactive Pm3+ ion were estimated by linear regression.
文摘In this research,specific molecular sensors are classified according to the type of receptor-cation interaction,that is ligand-metal interactions.Receptors are based on a multidentate protoporphyrin-appended pyridine platform,which leaves at least a vacant coordination site for the incoming metal ions.A protoporphyrin-appended pyridine,2,5-pyridine dicarboxyamidyl-8,13-bis(vinyl)-3,7,18,17-tetramethyl-21 H,23 H-porphyrin(P-PTP),was designed and synthesized.Its application as potential fluoroionophore for recognition of cadmium and mercury ions is reported.P-PTP shows chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect with Cd(Ⅱ)and Hg(Ⅱ)via the interruption of photoinduced electron transfer(PET)process,which has been utilized as the basis of the fabrication of the metal ions-sensitive fluorescent chemosensor.The analytical performance characteristics of the proposed Cd(Ⅱ)-and Hg(Ⅱ)-sensitive chemosensors were investigated.It shows a linear response toward Cd(Ⅱ)and Hg(Ⅱ)in the concentration range of 1.0×10-3 to 1.0×10-7 M with a limit of detection of 1.0×10-7 M and 0.5×10-7M for Cd(Ⅱ)and Hg(Ⅱ),respectively.The chemosensor shows good selectivity for Cd(Ⅱ)over a large number of other transition metal ions,i.e.,Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)and mixed metal ions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21071152)
文摘A novel ligand, N,N＇-（2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl）bis[N-（carboxymethyl）] （Lj） was designed and synthesized starting from pyri- dine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid （I）. The ligand （L0 and ititermediate product （3） were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） spectra and elemental analysis. Besides, four novel co-luminescence systems of Sm-La-pyridyl carboxylic acids： K4Sm（1-x）Lax（L1）C13T1H20, K12Sm2（1-x）La2x（L2）3 C16y2H2O, K6Sm20 xyLa2x（L3）C16-y3H：O and K4Sm（1-x）Lax（L4）Cl3y4H20 （x was the mole fraction of La（III） in the mixed ions, the value was 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, respectively; Yl, Y2, Y3, Y4 were plus integer） were studied, and the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement effect was discussed detailedly.
基金supported by a grant for the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20771001, 50703001, 50873001)Department of Education of Anhui Province (KJ2010A030)+1 种基金Team for Scientific Innovation Foundation of Anhui Province (2006KJ007TD)Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation (Anhui University)
文摘Three bis-vinylpyridine compounds (4,4′-bis(2-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L1,4,4′-bis(3-vinylpyridine) biphenyl L2,and 4,4′-bis (4-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L3) were synthesized by one-step solid-state reactions at room temperature,giving nearly quantitative yields. The compounds obtained were fully characterized by IR,MS and NMR spectroscopies. The structures of L2 and L3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. No noticeable solvatochromism was observed in either one-photon absorption or one-photon excited fluorescence spectra. All of the compounds have high fluorescence quantum yields and long fluorescence lifetime. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the compounds were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Interestingly,the position of the nitrogen atom from pyridine influences their two-photon absorption across-sections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361003)Jiangxi Provincial Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(20212ACB216002)+2 种基金the Youth JinggangScholars Program in JiangxiProvince(QNJG2019089)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224BAB216005,20242BAB25591)the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Young Talent”Project and the Research Foundation of Zhaoqing University(ZD202413).
文摘Indolizine is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle with strong aromaticity,possessing a delocalized 10π-electron system.Based on the indolizine scaffolds,numerous molecules with biological activity and organic functional materials have been synthesized.Since 2016,over 110 papers have been published on the synthesis of indolizine scaffolds,but the reviews on synthesizing indolizine scaffolds have been incomplete and not up-to-date.Herein,from the perspective of the structure of indolizine with the combination of pyrrole and pyridine ring,we focus on the construction of indolizine scaffolds through the diversity of starting substrates,including pyridine derivatives(N1-substituted pyridinium salt derivatives,C2-substituted pyridine derivatives,N1-and C2-free substituted pyridine derivatives),pyrrole derivatives and unoriginal ring substrates.Furthermore,the corresponding reaction mechanisms of synthetic methodologies are also elaborated.Therefore,this review not only paves the way for indolizine synthesis but also provides insight into exploring new reaction modes for constructing nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
