The present work aims at studying five Indian coals and their solvent extracted clean coal products using Py-GCMS analysis and correlating the characterization data using theoretical principal component analysis.The p...The present work aims at studying five Indian coals and their solvent extracted clean coal products using Py-GCMS analysis and correlating the characterization data using theoretical principal component analysis.The pyrolysis products of the original coals and the super clean coals were classified as mono-,di-and tri-aromatics,while other prominent products that were obtained included cycloalkanes,n-alkanes,and alkenes ranging from C_(10)-C_(29).The principal component analysis is a dimensionality reduction technique that reduced the number of input variables in the characterization dataset and gave inferences on the relative composition of constituent compounds and functional groups and structural insights based on scores and loading plots which were consistent with the experimental observations.ATR-FTIR studies confirmed the reduced concentration of ash in the super clean coals and the presence of aromatics.The Py-GCMS data and the ATR-FTIR spectra led to the conclusion that the super clean coals behaved similarly for both coking and noncoking coals with high aromatic concentrations as compared to the raw coal.Neyveli lignite super clean coal was found to show some structural similarity with the original coals,whereas the other super clean coals showed structural similarity within themselves but not with their original coal samples confirming the selective action of the e,N solvent in solubilizing the polycondensed aromatic structures in the coal samples.展开更多
Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alterna...Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alternative rubber source of conventional Hevea brasiliensis(HB).In order to find a convenient,fast and green method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of NR in TKS,a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(Py-GCMS)method was developed accordingly.The results indicated that the main products of TKS rubber after pyrolysis were isoprene and limonene,respectively,and the limit of detection(LOD)of TKS rubber was 2.603 mg/g.The ratios of NR mass fractions in TKSs by Py-GC-MS ranged from 1.20%±0.20%to 8.61%±0.28%.The developed method has been used for determination of actual TKS samples and can be further applied to the field test for rapid breeding and large-scale cultivation of TKS thereof.展开更多
The present study focused on the qualitative and quantitative determination of microplastics(MPs)in raw and processed milk(pouch-packaged milk)through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectan...The present study focused on the qualitative and quantitative determination of microplastics(MPs)in raw and processed milk(pouch-packaged milk)through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance(FTIR-ATR),Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(Py-GC/MS),and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(SEM-EDX).The microscopic quantification and FTIR-ATR analysis showed that the concentration of MPs in milk samples varied from 8.33±4.93 to 54±16.82 particles/100 ml.The detected MPs in milk samples exhibited the pattern as Polyethylene(PE)>Nylon 66(N66)>Nylon 6(N6)>Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)>Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)>Polyurethane(PU)>Polypropylene(PP)>Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)>Polystyrene(PS)>Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),indicating the highest contamination of PE in both raw and packaged milk samples.The findings showed that the milk samples were predominantly contaminated with black colored and fiber-shaped microplastic particles.The quantitative analysis through Py-GC/MS also showed similar results as microscopic quantification and FTIR-ATR analysis.The results of Py-GC/MS showed that the levels of microplastic particles in milk samples ranged from BLQ to 433.48±109.62μg/100 mL.The comparative investigation of microplastic contamination in raw and processed milk utilizing FTIR-ATR and Py-GC/MS methodologies has been reported in the present study.The results indicated that raw milk samples contained higher concentrations of microplastics than packaged milk.The SEM-EDX findings indicated that microplastic particles exhibited cavities and cracks in their structure,with a majority of carbon and oxygen,alongside traces of silicon,calcium,phosphorus,and iron.展开更多
基金The authors Sreedevi Upadhyayula acknowledges funding(Grant No.TMD/CERI/MDME/2017/001(G))from the Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,India.Dr.Heena Dhawan is thankful to Prof.D.K.Sharma,Retired Professor of Centre for Energy Studies,IIT Delhi for his help with the coal samples and continuous guidance through the work and Prof.M.Crocker and T.Morgan,Center for Applied Energy Research,University of Kentucky,Lexington,KY 40511,USA for the Py-GCMS analysis.
文摘The present work aims at studying five Indian coals and their solvent extracted clean coal products using Py-GCMS analysis and correlating the characterization data using theoretical principal component analysis.The pyrolysis products of the original coals and the super clean coals were classified as mono-,di-and tri-aromatics,while other prominent products that were obtained included cycloalkanes,n-alkanes,and alkenes ranging from C_(10)-C_(29).The principal component analysis is a dimensionality reduction technique that reduced the number of input variables in the characterization dataset and gave inferences on the relative composition of constituent compounds and functional groups and structural insights based on scores and loading plots which were consistent with the experimental observations.ATR-FTIR studies confirmed the reduced concentration of ash in the super clean coals and the presence of aromatics.The Py-GCMS data and the ATR-FTIR spectra led to the conclusion that the super clean coals behaved similarly for both coking and noncoking coals with high aromatic concentrations as compared to the raw coal.Neyveli lignite super clean coal was found to show some structural similarity with the original coals,whereas the other super clean coals showed structural similarity within themselves but not with their original coal samples confirming the selective action of the e,N solvent in solubilizing the polycondensed aromatic structures in the coal samples.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51673012)National Key Research and Development Plan Fund(No.2017YFB0306901,2016YFF0203703-03)the Beijing Technology and Business University Youth Scholar Funds(No.PXM2019_014213_000007).
文摘Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alternative rubber source of conventional Hevea brasiliensis(HB).In order to find a convenient,fast and green method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of NR in TKS,a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(Py-GCMS)method was developed accordingly.The results indicated that the main products of TKS rubber after pyrolysis were isoprene and limonene,respectively,and the limit of detection(LOD)of TKS rubber was 2.603 mg/g.The ratios of NR mass fractions in TKSs by Py-GC-MS ranged from 1.20%±0.20%to 8.61%±0.28%.The developed method has been used for determination of actual TKS samples and can be further applied to the field test for rapid breeding and large-scale cultivation of TKS thereof.
基金NIFTEM-K for providing a fellowship for conducting research work.
文摘The present study focused on the qualitative and quantitative determination of microplastics(MPs)in raw and processed milk(pouch-packaged milk)through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance(FTIR-ATR),Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(Py-GC/MS),and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(SEM-EDX).The microscopic quantification and FTIR-ATR analysis showed that the concentration of MPs in milk samples varied from 8.33±4.93 to 54±16.82 particles/100 ml.The detected MPs in milk samples exhibited the pattern as Polyethylene(PE)>Nylon 66(N66)>Nylon 6(N6)>Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)>Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)>Polyurethane(PU)>Polypropylene(PP)>Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)>Polystyrene(PS)>Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),indicating the highest contamination of PE in both raw and packaged milk samples.The findings showed that the milk samples were predominantly contaminated with black colored and fiber-shaped microplastic particles.The quantitative analysis through Py-GC/MS also showed similar results as microscopic quantification and FTIR-ATR analysis.The results of Py-GC/MS showed that the levels of microplastic particles in milk samples ranged from BLQ to 433.48±109.62μg/100 mL.The comparative investigation of microplastic contamination in raw and processed milk utilizing FTIR-ATR and Py-GC/MS methodologies has been reported in the present study.The results indicated that raw milk samples contained higher concentrations of microplastics than packaged milk.The SEM-EDX findings indicated that microplastic particles exhibited cavities and cracks in their structure,with a majority of carbon and oxygen,alongside traces of silicon,calcium,phosphorus,and iron.
