In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random vari...In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.展开更多
This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that...This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that are related and unrelated to symmetric information. In addition, some exact solutions with particular forms are obtained according to the method of conservation laws. These particular solutions are different from the group-invariant solutions.展开更多
It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted princip...It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted principle of least action enables time asymmetry and time flow as a generation of action and redefines useful energy as an information system which implements a form of acting information. This is demonstrated using a basic formula, originally applied for time symmetry/energy conservation considerations, relating time asymmetry (which is conventionally denied but here expressly allowed), to energy behaviour. The results derived then explained that a dynamic energy is driving time asymmetry. It is doing it by decreasing the information content of useful energy, thus generating action and entropy increase, explaining action-time as an information phenomenon. Thermodynamic laws follow directly. The formalism derived readily explains what energy is, why it is conserved (1st law of thermodynamics), why entropy increases (2nd law) and that maximum entropy production within the restraints of the system controls self-organized processes of non-linear irreversible thermodynamics. The general significance of the principle of least action arises from its role of controlling the action generating oriented time of nature. These results contrast with present understanding of time neutrality and clock-time, which are here considered a source of paradoxes, intellectual contradictions and dead-end roads in models explaining nature and the universe.展开更多
This paper examines the enduring impact of Jean-Baptiste Say’s A Treatise on Political Economy on classical economic theory and modern economic policy.It highlights Say’s Law,which posits that supply creates its own...This paper examines the enduring impact of Jean-Baptiste Say’s A Treatise on Political Economy on classical economic theory and modern economic policy.It highlights Say’s Law,which posits that supply creates its own demand,challenging mercantilist views and emphasizing the intrinsic link between production and consumption.The paper also discusses Say’s vision of the entrepreneur as a catalyst for economic growth through innovation and resource allocation,distinguishing him from his contemporaries.It also explores his concept of self-regulating markets,tracing its origins to Adam Smith and its development through Say’s work,which suggests that individual actions in pursuit of self-interest lead to efficient resource allocation without significant government intervention.The paper acknowledges the critiques on Say’s Law,particularly during economic downturns,and the subsequent rise of Keynesian economics,which advocates government intervention to stimulate demand.Finally,it reflects on Say’s legacy,including his influence on subsequent economic thought,and the global application of his principles in various economic policies.The paper concludes that Say’s insights,while contested and flawed,remain important to understand market economies and shaping economic policy in the face of contemporary challenges.展开更多
The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian system...The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems is given.Secondly,the relationship between the integrating factors and conservation laws is studied,and the conservation theorems of Herglotz type Birkhoff's equations and their inverse theorems are established.Thirdly,two types of generalized Killing equations for calculating integrating factors are given.Finally,as an example,a linear damped oscillator is taken.This example can be transformed into a Herglotz type Birkhoffian system.The resulting conservation theorems are used to find the conserved quantities for this example.展开更多
Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulati...Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulations of the United States,the European Union,Japan and China.Then,the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The Chinese pharmacovigilance legislation has such problems as nontransparent formulation process,poor dynamic adaptability,insufficient use of the attention mechanism,fragmentation of laws and regulations,and poor connection of laws and regulations,which should be optimized.It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on pharmacovigilance legislation to provide practical guidance for optimizing pharmacovigilance legislation with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genet...Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome in Guanling Autonomous County Hospital ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome in Guanling Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.[Methods]Prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were retrieved from the TCM family of the hospital,traditional Chinese medical doctor Wu Zhongli,in the period from November 2023 to April 2024.Microsoft Excel 2007 was employed to set up an information table of TCM prescriptions,and the age,gender,herbal properties,efficacy categories and the frequency of use were analyzed to explore the medication laws of TCM in the hospital for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome.[Results]Among the 259 TCM prescriptions included,152 kinds of TCM decoction pieces were used.The decoction pieces were mainly warm in nature,and decoction pieces cold in nature took the second place.The flavors of the herbs were mostly sweet,bitter and pungent.Most of them were attributive to the spleen,stomach meridian and lung meridians,and the herbs were mainly used for tonifying deficiency and regulating qi.The herbs with higher frequency of use included Radix Glycyrrhiza,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,poria,and Angelicae Sinensis Radix,the main effects of which are replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel.[Conclusions]Chinese medicine treatment of IBS with spleen deficiency in hospitals is mainly based on replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel,and Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction is commonly used in clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation with modifications.展开更多
The precise characterization of hypersonic glide vehicle(HGV) maneuver laws in complex flight scenarios still faces challenges. Non-stationary changes in flight state due to abrupt changes in maneuver modes place high...The precise characterization of hypersonic glide vehicle(HGV) maneuver laws in complex flight scenarios still faces challenges. Non-stationary changes in flight state due to abrupt changes in maneuver modes place high demands on the accuracy of modeling methods. To address this issue, a novel maneuver laws modeling and analysis method based on higher order multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition(HMDMD) is proposed in this work. A joint time-space-frequency decomposition of the vehicle's state sequence in the complex flight scenario is achieved with the higher order Koopman assumption and standard multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition, and an approximate dynamic model is established. The maneuver laws can be reconstructed and analyzed with extracted multi-scale spatiotemporal modes with clear physical meaning. Based on the dynamic model of HGV, two flight scenarios are established with constant angle of attack and complex maneuver laws, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the maneuver laws obtained using the HMDMD method are highly consistent with those derived from the real dynamic model, the modeling accuracy is better than other common modeling methods, and the method has strong interpretability.展开更多
This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical...This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical-legal analysis of key legislation,policies,and judicial interpretations,the research demonstrates how colonial border regulations-primarily designed for imperial control-have been selectively preserved,modified,or replaced to serve post-independence imperatives.Findings reveal that 62%of colonial border management mechanisms persisted verbatim in post-colonial legislation,while regional variations created overlapping“legal border zones”with differential adaptation rates.The study identifies a significant shift from administrative boundaries toward securitized frontiers,with a 217%increase in religious and ethnic identifiers in post-1947 border legislation.This legal evolution reflects broader tensions between decolonization aspirations and inherited governance structures,creating what Cons(2016)terms“sensitive spaces”where exceptional legal regimes continue to operate.The research contributes to understanding how post-colonial states navigate the paradox of maintaining sovereignty through legal instruments originally designed for imperial control,with implications for borderland populations who experience persistent“legal liminality”despite constitutional protections.展开更多
In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and re...In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding(2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to(1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative.Then,we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations,prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically.In addition,the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.展开更多
To improve braking performance and achieve lightweight in transport equipment,it is necessary to implement overall plastic forming manufacturing of the brake pad baseboard(BPB),which is the core safety component of th...To improve braking performance and achieve lightweight in transport equipment,it is necessary to implement overall plastic forming manufacturing of the brake pad baseboard(BPB),which is the core safety component of the brake system.This study presents an innovative multi-DOF envelope forming(MDFEF)process to realize the plastic forming of BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.The MDFEF principle for BPB,and the design methods for the envelope mold are first presented.Through FE simulations,the behavior of metal flow,uneven growth pattern of reinforcing ribs,evolution of equivalent strain and evolution of forming force in MDFEF of BPB are investigated.To realize MDFEF,an innovative MDFEF equipment driven by parallel linkages is exploited.The force states of linkages in MDFEF are calculated,and the reasonable mold position is determined to reduce the maximum force on the linkages and improve the service performance of MDFEF equipment.The MDFEF experiments of BPB are conducted and qualified BPB is obtained,which demonstrates that the presented MDFEF process and equipment are applicable to manufacture BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.展开更多
The conceptions of theorems, laws and corollaries of hydrology were put forward. Combining with hydrology practice, several theo- rems, laws as well as corollaries of hydrology were summarized. The study provided some...The conceptions of theorems, laws and corollaries of hydrology were put forward. Combining with hydrology practice, several theo- rems, laws as well as corollaries of hydrology were summarized. The study provided some references for accelerating the development of hydrology theory in these aspects and promoting the improvement of its production technology.展开更多
Through the methods of correlation analysis and main factor analysis, the relationship between the poplar INA bacte-rial canker and circumstances was analyzed and 9 main factors for affecting the disease were selected...Through the methods of correlation analysis and main factor analysis, the relationship between the poplar INA bacte-rial canker and circumstances was analyzed and 9 main factors for affecting the disease were selected. Based on the compre-hensive analysis of main factors and induced factors, the standard for risk grades of this disease was promoted and northeast region of China was divided into 4 districts with different risk grades: seriously occurring district, commonly occurring district, occasionally occurring district, and un-occurring district. Nonlinear regression analysis for six model curves showed that the Richard growth model was suitable for describing the temporal dynamics of poplar INA bacterial canker. By stepwise variable selection method, the multi-variable linear regression forecasting equation was set up to predict the next year抯 disease index, and the GM (1,1) model was also set up by grey method to submit middle or long period forecast.展开更多
Suzhou area in north Anhui Province is a low hilly area on the Huaibei Plain where carbonate rocks and karstification are widely distributed, and karst landscapes form major physical contours of the bedrock outcrops. ...Suzhou area in north Anhui Province is a low hilly area on the Huaibei Plain where carbonate rocks and karstification are widely distributed, and karst landscapes form major physical contours of the bedrock outcrops. Through field investigation, karst landscapes of Suzhou area were divided into two categories based on their morphological characteristics: macro-geomorphologic landscapes including normal hills, dry valleys, karst springs and caves, and micro-corrosion landscapes including corrosion pits, dissolved pores, dissolution traces, corrosion cracks, clints and karrens. Distribution, development and scale of karst landscapes in this region are controlled by climate, rock type, structure, topography and other factors. It was suggested that karst landscapes in the study area could be used as a representative of karst landforms in North China.展开更多
文摘In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.
文摘This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that are related and unrelated to symmetric information. In addition, some exact solutions with particular forms are obtained according to the method of conservation laws. These particular solutions are different from the group-invariant solutions.
文摘It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted principle of least action enables time asymmetry and time flow as a generation of action and redefines useful energy as an information system which implements a form of acting information. This is demonstrated using a basic formula, originally applied for time symmetry/energy conservation considerations, relating time asymmetry (which is conventionally denied but here expressly allowed), to energy behaviour. The results derived then explained that a dynamic energy is driving time asymmetry. It is doing it by decreasing the information content of useful energy, thus generating action and entropy increase, explaining action-time as an information phenomenon. Thermodynamic laws follow directly. The formalism derived readily explains what energy is, why it is conserved (1st law of thermodynamics), why entropy increases (2nd law) and that maximum entropy production within the restraints of the system controls self-organized processes of non-linear irreversible thermodynamics. The general significance of the principle of least action arises from its role of controlling the action generating oriented time of nature. These results contrast with present understanding of time neutrality and clock-time, which are here considered a source of paradoxes, intellectual contradictions and dead-end roads in models explaining nature and the universe.
文摘This paper examines the enduring impact of Jean-Baptiste Say’s A Treatise on Political Economy on classical economic theory and modern economic policy.It highlights Say’s Law,which posits that supply creates its own demand,challenging mercantilist views and emphasizing the intrinsic link between production and consumption.The paper also discusses Say’s vision of the entrepreneur as a catalyst for economic growth through innovation and resource allocation,distinguishing him from his contemporaries.It also explores his concept of self-regulating markets,tracing its origins to Adam Smith and its development through Say’s work,which suggests that individual actions in pursuit of self-interest lead to efficient resource allocation without significant government intervention.The paper acknowledges the critiques on Say’s Law,particularly during economic downturns,and the subsequent rise of Keynesian economics,which advocates government intervention to stimulate demand.Finally,it reflects on Say’s legacy,including his influence on subsequent economic thought,and the global application of his principles in various economic policies.The paper concludes that Say’s insights,while contested and flawed,remain important to understand market economies and shaping economic policy in the face of contemporary challenges.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272248)。
文摘The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems is given.Secondly,the relationship between the integrating factors and conservation laws is studied,and the conservation theorems of Herglotz type Birkhoff's equations and their inverse theorems are established.Thirdly,two types of generalized Killing equations for calculating integrating factors are given.Finally,as an example,a linear damped oscillator is taken.This example can be transformed into a Herglotz type Birkhoffian system.The resulting conservation theorems are used to find the conserved quantities for this example.
文摘Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulations of the United States,the European Union,Japan and China.Then,the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The Chinese pharmacovigilance legislation has such problems as nontransparent formulation process,poor dynamic adaptability,insufficient use of the attention mechanism,fragmentation of laws and regulations,and poor connection of laws and regulations,which should be optimized.It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on pharmacovigilance legislation to provide practical guidance for optimizing pharmacovigilance legislation with Chinese characteristics.
文摘Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome in Guanling Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.[Methods]Prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were retrieved from the TCM family of the hospital,traditional Chinese medical doctor Wu Zhongli,in the period from November 2023 to April 2024.Microsoft Excel 2007 was employed to set up an information table of TCM prescriptions,and the age,gender,herbal properties,efficacy categories and the frequency of use were analyzed to explore the medication laws of TCM in the hospital for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome.[Results]Among the 259 TCM prescriptions included,152 kinds of TCM decoction pieces were used.The decoction pieces were mainly warm in nature,and decoction pieces cold in nature took the second place.The flavors of the herbs were mostly sweet,bitter and pungent.Most of them were attributive to the spleen,stomach meridian and lung meridians,and the herbs were mainly used for tonifying deficiency and regulating qi.The herbs with higher frequency of use included Radix Glycyrrhiza,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,poria,and Angelicae Sinensis Radix,the main effects of which are replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel.[Conclusions]Chinese medicine treatment of IBS with spleen deficiency in hospitals is mainly based on replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel,and Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction is commonly used in clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation with modifications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12302056)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF:GZC20233445。
文摘The precise characterization of hypersonic glide vehicle(HGV) maneuver laws in complex flight scenarios still faces challenges. Non-stationary changes in flight state due to abrupt changes in maneuver modes place high demands on the accuracy of modeling methods. To address this issue, a novel maneuver laws modeling and analysis method based on higher order multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition(HMDMD) is proposed in this work. A joint time-space-frequency decomposition of the vehicle's state sequence in the complex flight scenario is achieved with the higher order Koopman assumption and standard multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition, and an approximate dynamic model is established. The maneuver laws can be reconstructed and analyzed with extracted multi-scale spatiotemporal modes with clear physical meaning. Based on the dynamic model of HGV, two flight scenarios are established with constant angle of attack and complex maneuver laws, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the maneuver laws obtained using the HMDMD method are highly consistent with those derived from the real dynamic model, the modeling accuracy is better than other common modeling methods, and the method has strong interpretability.
文摘This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical-legal analysis of key legislation,policies,and judicial interpretations,the research demonstrates how colonial border regulations-primarily designed for imperial control-have been selectively preserved,modified,or replaced to serve post-independence imperatives.Findings reveal that 62%of colonial border management mechanisms persisted verbatim in post-colonial legislation,while regional variations created overlapping“legal border zones”with differential adaptation rates.The study identifies a significant shift from administrative boundaries toward securitized frontiers,with a 217%increase in religious and ethnic identifiers in post-1947 border legislation.This legal evolution reflects broader tensions between decolonization aspirations and inherited governance structures,creating what Cons(2016)terms“sensitive spaces”where exceptional legal regimes continue to operate.The research contributes to understanding how post-colonial states navigate the paradox of maintaining sovereignty through legal instruments originally designed for imperial control,with implications for borderland populations who experience persistent“legal liminality”despite constitutional protections.
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72031009).
文摘In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding(2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to(1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative.Then,we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations,prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically.In addition,the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A20131)Innovative Research Team Development Program of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT17R83)111 Project(Grant No.B17034)。
文摘To improve braking performance and achieve lightweight in transport equipment,it is necessary to implement overall plastic forming manufacturing of the brake pad baseboard(BPB),which is the core safety component of the brake system.This study presents an innovative multi-DOF envelope forming(MDFEF)process to realize the plastic forming of BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.The MDFEF principle for BPB,and the design methods for the envelope mold are first presented.Through FE simulations,the behavior of metal flow,uneven growth pattern of reinforcing ribs,evolution of equivalent strain and evolution of forming force in MDFEF of BPB are investigated.To realize MDFEF,an innovative MDFEF equipment driven by parallel linkages is exploited.The force states of linkages in MDFEF are calculated,and the reasonable mold position is determined to reduce the maximum force on the linkages and improve the service performance of MDFEF equipment.The MDFEF experiments of BPB are conducted and qualified BPB is obtained,which demonstrates that the presented MDFEF process and equipment are applicable to manufacture BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.
文摘The conceptions of theorems, laws and corollaries of hydrology were put forward. Combining with hydrology practice, several theo- rems, laws as well as corollaries of hydrology were summarized. The study provided some references for accelerating the development of hydrology theory in these aspects and promoting the improvement of its production technology.
基金National Foundation of Ninth Five-Year Plan (No. 96-005-04-01-03).
文摘Through the methods of correlation analysis and main factor analysis, the relationship between the poplar INA bacte-rial canker and circumstances was analyzed and 9 main factors for affecting the disease were selected. Based on the compre-hensive analysis of main factors and induced factors, the standard for risk grades of this disease was promoted and northeast region of China was divided into 4 districts with different risk grades: seriously occurring district, commonly occurring district, occasionally occurring district, and un-occurring district. Nonlinear regression analysis for six model curves showed that the Richard growth model was suitable for describing the temporal dynamics of poplar INA bacterial canker. By stepwise variable selection method, the multi-variable linear regression forecasting equation was set up to predict the next year抯 disease index, and the GM (1,1) model was also set up by grey method to submit middle or long period forecast.
基金Supported by Masters' Scientific Research Initial Funding of Suzhou College (2009YSS05)~~
文摘Suzhou area in north Anhui Province is a low hilly area on the Huaibei Plain where carbonate rocks and karstification are widely distributed, and karst landscapes form major physical contours of the bedrock outcrops. Through field investigation, karst landscapes of Suzhou area were divided into two categories based on their morphological characteristics: macro-geomorphologic landscapes including normal hills, dry valleys, karst springs and caves, and micro-corrosion landscapes including corrosion pits, dissolved pores, dissolution traces, corrosion cracks, clints and karrens. Distribution, development and scale of karst landscapes in this region are controlled by climate, rock type, structure, topography and other factors. It was suggested that karst landscapes in the study area could be used as a representative of karst landforms in North China.
