Purplish soils having high fertility with mineral nutrients inherited from the parent rock are widely distributed in the hills along the Yangtze River,especially in the Sichuan Basin.Pot and field weathering experimen...Purplish soils having high fertility with mineral nutrients inherited from the parent rock are widely distributed in the hills along the Yangtze River,especially in the Sichuan Basin.Pot and field weathering experiments were conducted to mimic rock weathering and nutrient release processes in order to better understand soil fertility and nutrient compensation. Three types of purplish rock formations formed in the Jurassic period,Shaximiao(J_2s),Suining(J_3s),and Penglaizhen (J_3p),as well as one type formed in the Cretaceous period,the Chengqiangyan group(K_1c),were used in this study. Results showed that the soil formation rate was in the range from 11.2 to 19.6 mm every year,and rock weathering was in the order of J_3s>J_3p>J_2s>K_1c.Because more rock surface was exposed to sunlight and rainfall in field conditions,pot weathering was slower than field weathering.Nutrient release rates increased with rock weathering and was in the order similar to that of rock weathering:J_3p>J_3s>J_2s>K_1c.Potassium release was the most important in all rocks;after 2 years of weathering,19.4% to 46.9% of K was released from the initial parent rocks,which suggested that K release from weathering could meet most of the crop K requirement in purplish soils.Thus,rapid release of nutrients from weathering of purplish rocks was key to nutrient replenishment and fertility of purplish soils.展开更多
In order to evaluate the soil erosion rate for different land uses and make recommendations on land-use alternatives for erosion control in hilly and mountain areas on a Purplish soil (Regosols in FAO taxonomy), exper...In order to evaluate the soil erosion rate for different land uses and make recommendations on land-use alternatives for erosion control in hilly and mountain areas on a Purplish soil (Regosols in FAO taxonomy), experimental data were obtained from three continuously monitored sites located at Yanting, Nanbu and Pengxi of Sichuan province. The data showed that the rank of erosion rate is farmland > unfenced grassland > fenced grassland > forestland. The erosion rate of farmland was more than 3 times higher than that of forestland and fenced grassland, indicating that restricting human activity is crucial for over-erosion. The erodibility was higher at the initial period of rainy season for all the three types of land use. The erosion rates of fenced grassland and mature afforestation land were not proportional to rainfall intensity because these land uses changed impact energy of the rainfall. This research showed that restricting human activity, intensifying the management of initial period of rainy season, and increasing the cover rate of land surface are the three major measures for soil erosion prevention. It is recommended that farmers should cease cultivation on farmland at the top of hills and steep slope land return those lands back to grassland or forestland.展开更多
成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)...成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)用Barth模型估算的成土速率,与田间测定值比较,总体上明显偏小;且估算的成土速率主要与径流量显著相关;不同土壤母质下成土速率的估算差异显著,但不同植被类型和土层厚度下的差异不显著。(2)田间测定的成土速率,由于土壤母质特性和水热条件的差异,在不同条件下的成土速率差异明显,且均反映出一定的变化规律。不同类型紫色土的成土速率大小次序为沙溪庙组>蓬莱镇组>遂宁组;不同植被下的成土速率大小次序为作物>果树>牧草;不同土层厚度下的成土速率,总的趋势是母岩上覆盖的土层愈薄,成土速率愈大。(3)综合考虑田间不同试验条件下的成土速率并分析转换,四川丘陵区沙溪庙组和蓬莱镇组紫色土的成土速率确定为1 200 t km-2a-1,遂宁组的成土速率为800 t km-2a-1。展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2003CB415202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40571093 and 49601009)
文摘Purplish soils having high fertility with mineral nutrients inherited from the parent rock are widely distributed in the hills along the Yangtze River,especially in the Sichuan Basin.Pot and field weathering experiments were conducted to mimic rock weathering and nutrient release processes in order to better understand soil fertility and nutrient compensation. Three types of purplish rock formations formed in the Jurassic period,Shaximiao(J_2s),Suining(J_3s),and Penglaizhen (J_3p),as well as one type formed in the Cretaceous period,the Chengqiangyan group(K_1c),were used in this study. Results showed that the soil formation rate was in the range from 11.2 to 19.6 mm every year,and rock weathering was in the order of J_3s>J_3p>J_2s>K_1c.Because more rock surface was exposed to sunlight and rainfall in field conditions,pot weathering was slower than field weathering.Nutrient release rates increased with rock weathering and was in the order similar to that of rock weathering:J_3p>J_3s>J_2s>K_1c.Potassium release was the most important in all rocks;after 2 years of weathering,19.4% to 46.9% of K was released from the initial parent rocks,which suggested that K release from weathering could meet most of the crop K requirement in purplish soils.Thus,rapid release of nutrients from weathering of purplish rocks was key to nutrient replenishment and fertility of purplish soils.
基金supported by project of national tackle key problem“Integrated techniques and implement practices of countermeasures for soil and water losses in hilly area of Sichuan Basin”“National Nature Science Youth Foundation(NO.40201029).
文摘In order to evaluate the soil erosion rate for different land uses and make recommendations on land-use alternatives for erosion control in hilly and mountain areas on a Purplish soil (Regosols in FAO taxonomy), experimental data were obtained from three continuously monitored sites located at Yanting, Nanbu and Pengxi of Sichuan province. The data showed that the rank of erosion rate is farmland > unfenced grassland > fenced grassland > forestland. The erosion rate of farmland was more than 3 times higher than that of forestland and fenced grassland, indicating that restricting human activity is crucial for over-erosion. The erodibility was higher at the initial period of rainy season for all the three types of land use. The erosion rates of fenced grassland and mature afforestation land were not proportional to rainfall intensity because these land uses changed impact energy of the rainfall. This research showed that restricting human activity, intensifying the management of initial period of rainy season, and increasing the cover rate of land surface are the three major measures for soil erosion prevention. It is recommended that farmers should cease cultivation on farmland at the top of hills and steep slope land return those lands back to grassland or forestland.
文摘成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)用Barth模型估算的成土速率,与田间测定值比较,总体上明显偏小;且估算的成土速率主要与径流量显著相关;不同土壤母质下成土速率的估算差异显著,但不同植被类型和土层厚度下的差异不显著。(2)田间测定的成土速率,由于土壤母质特性和水热条件的差异,在不同条件下的成土速率差异明显,且均反映出一定的变化规律。不同类型紫色土的成土速率大小次序为沙溪庙组>蓬莱镇组>遂宁组;不同植被下的成土速率大小次序为作物>果树>牧草;不同土层厚度下的成土速率,总的趋势是母岩上覆盖的土层愈薄,成土速率愈大。(3)综合考虑田间不同试验条件下的成土速率并分析转换,四川丘陵区沙溪庙组和蓬莱镇组紫色土的成土速率确定为1 200 t km-2a-1,遂宁组的成土速率为800 t km-2a-1。
