To solve the problem that utilizing an air rower lowers indoor air quality due to the dust stirred up in the course of rowing, an air rower is designed to have the extra function of air purifying. The designed rower i...To solve the problem that utilizing an air rower lowers indoor air quality due to the dust stirred up in the course of rowing, an air rower is designed to have the extra function of air purifying. The designed rower is composed of six parts, which are the frame, air generator, transmission part, air purifying filter cartridge, performance monitor, and electric motor. To fulfill the task, the filter cartridge is vertically arranged to lead the air to enter from the lower part and vent out of the upper part to filter and purify the air before it enters the generator so as that the indoor air is well circulated to improve the air purification effect when the rower is utilizing. The modular detachable design allows the air filter and electric motor to be installed and disassembled to adapt to different air purification needs. The designed rower has the benefit of lower purchasing cost and energy saving that may motivate exercising, bringing more fun and the sense of accomplishment.展开更多
It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic r...It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposites for purifying simulative industrial dye wastewater. It is found that the structure of the prepared BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposite is related to the natural structure of the biscuit, annealing temperatures and immersing times, demonstrated by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and adsorptive activities. Kinetics data shows that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to the dye is rapid and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, that more than 80% of dyes can be removed in the beginning 30 min. The adsorption isotherm can be perfectly described by the Langmuir model as well. It can be seen from the adsorption data that the adsorption performance can reach over 90% at pH ? 2–12, which can imply its universal utilization. The prepared BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites have also displayed excellent capacities(over 90% within 30 min) for adsorption of seven different dyes and their mixed one. According to the five times photocatalytic reproducible experiments, it is proved that BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites show the excellent stability and reproduction for purifying simulative industrial dyes, even the sample have been placed for one year. These research results indicate that the adsorbent BiFeO_3/Carbon can be a suitable material used in treating industrial dye wastewater potentially.展开更多
The mechanical properties of metal yttrium such as strength, plasticity, hardness and elasticity were introduced . The purifying techniques of yttrium were discussed in detail. The processing methods for metal yttrium...The mechanical properties of metal yttrium such as strength, plasticity, hardness and elasticity were introduced . The purifying techniques of yttrium were discussed in detail. The processing methods for metal yttrium including extruding, forging, rolling, wiredrawing and welding were also introduced. Finally, the potential use of yttrium and its alloys were prospected.展开更多
Exhaust gas in molding shop was complicated in component and characteristicin low thickness asphalt smoke,mass steam-gas and dust.It was difficult to purify the sootwith common purifier.So we must consider them roundl...Exhaust gas in molding shop was complicated in component and characteristicin low thickness asphalt smoke,mass steam-gas and dust.It was difficult to purify the sootwith common purifier.So we must consider them roundly and develop new multifunctionpurifier.PFP multifunction soot purifier was made on the base of design optimization andwas installed at Shenhuo Coking Factory in 2004.The combined effects of multi-mecha-nism in purifier make purifying ratio keep in high level.The remove ratio of smut reachesat 92.8%,and asphalt smoke at 83.7%.展开更多
We propose a scheme for purification of a general mixed entangled state. In this scheme, we start from a large number of general mixed entangled states and end up, after local operation and classical communication, wi...We propose a scheme for purification of a general mixed entangled state. In this scheme, we start from a large number of general mixed entangled states and end up, after local operation and classical communication, with a smaller number of Bell diagonal states with higher entanglement. In particular, the scheme can purify one maximally entangled state from two entangled pairs prepared in a class of mixed entangled state. Furthermore we propose a linear optical implementation of the present scheme with polarization beam splitters and photon detectors.展开更多
Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed our ability to assess the taxonomic composition functions of host-associated microbiota and microbiomes. More human microbiome research projects—particularly thos...Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed our ability to assess the taxonomic composition functions of host-associated microbiota and microbiomes. More human microbiome research projects—particularly those that explore genomic mutations within the microbiome—will be launched in the next decade. This review focuses on the coevolution of microbes within a microbiome, which shapes strain-level diversity both within and between host species. We also explore the correlation between microbial genomic mutations and common metabolic diseases, and the adaptive evolution of pathogens and probiotics during invasion and colonization. Finally, we discuss advances in methods and algorithms for annotating and analyzing microbial genomic mutations.展开更多
This article discusses the purifying method of the clayey diatomite or clay ——bearing diatotnite minerals found in China. And the processes of acidizing, beneficiation and gravitational fluidized dry sepa-ration are...This article discusses the purifying method of the clayey diatomite or clay ——bearing diatotnite minerals found in China. And the processes of acidizing, beneficiation and gravitational fluidized dry sepa-ration are reviewed.展开更多
The distribution of the magnetic flux density in the magnetic field generator which provided travelling magnetic field was determined. The experiments using liquid gallium and aluminum silicon alloy to observe the ...The distribution of the magnetic flux density in the magnetic field generator which provided travelling magnetic field was determined. The experiments using liquid gallium and aluminum silicon alloy to observe the turbulent flow or remove inclusions were performed to obtain the basic principles how the distribution of the magnetic flux density took effect on removing inclusions from molten metal by electromagnetic field. The suitable area in the field for purifying metal was suggested.展开更多
The welding fume has significant effects on the weld workers＇ health. In order to overwhelm the shortcomings of the control measures of the welding fume, the research of the purifying of welding fume on the spot was ...The welding fume has significant effects on the weld workers＇ health. In order to overwhelm the shortcomings of the control measures of the welding fume, the research of the purifying of welding fume on the spot was carried out. The purifying device was designed. The relationship between the corona discharge voltage and the purifying efficiency was investigated through experiments with different needle electrode numbers, different ring electrode numbers and different needle-plate distances. The results show that 5-needle double-ring electrode has the best efficiency; the purifying efficiency is increase with the lessening of the needle-plate distance and the increase of the discharge voltage. Using 5-needle double-ring electrode, the purifying efficiency reaches its maximum value 97.9% while the needle-plate distance is 6 cm, the discharge voltage is -35 kV. The purifying device has an excellent purifying effect on the welding fume.展开更多
With the rapid development of the society, the familial pollution of the gas, industrial waste gas and so on made the air pollution is more and more serious. The improvement of living standard, people become more and ...With the rapid development of the society, the familial pollution of the gas, industrial waste gas and so on made the air pollution is more and more serious. The improvement of living standard, people become more and more concerned about the quality of the air. However, the related testing and purify device are very few. Under this condition, small range of mobile air purification equipment's application has good prospects. This paper introduced the testing of air quality, the composition of test parameters equipment, its working principle and hardware circuit and software design process. In the system, for the core to STC12C5A60S2, which through DHT21 to test the environment temperature, humidity test and use DSM501A detect the content of particle. What's more, use QS-01 to measure the air pollutants content and show on NOKIA5110 liquid crystal in real time. After the test results show that the system runs stability, have certain effect to air purification and fit for indoor or out of air purification.展开更多
Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation programs.Elevated levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related ...Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation programs.Elevated levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and conservation.We used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify both.We found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(T.bonasia).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel Grouse.Individuals from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of birds.Hazel Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding levels.Comparisons of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel Grouse.These results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel Grouse.However,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.展开更多
This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while...This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.展开更多
The application potential of cellulosic materials in natural composites and other fields needs to be explored to develop innovative, sustainable, lightweight, functional biomass materials that are also environmentally...The application potential of cellulosic materials in natural composites and other fields needs to be explored to develop innovative, sustainable, lightweight, functional biomass materials that are also environmentally friendly. This study investigated Typha angustifolia (Typha sp.) as a potential new raw material for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) for application in wastewater treatment composites. Alkaline treatments and bleaching were used to remove cellulose from the stem fibres. The CNCs were then isolated from the recovered cellulose using acid hydrolysis. The study showed a few distinct functional groups (O-H, -C-H, =C-H and C-O, and C-O-C) in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the smooth surface of CPC and CNCs, which resulted from removing lignin and hemicellulose from powdered Typha angustifolia. Based on the crystalline index, the powdered Typha angustifolia, CPC, and CNCs were 42.86%, 66.94% and 77.41%. The loss of the amorphous section of the Typha sp. fibre resulted in a decrease in particle size. It may be inferred from the features of a Typha sp. CNC that CNCs may be employed as reinforcement in composites for wastewater treatment.展开更多
[Objective]The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular evolutionary characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase（DFR）—a key enzyme in anthocyanin synthesis pathway in Lamiidae plants.[Method]Based on DFR am...[Objective]The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular evolutionary characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase（DFR）—a key enzyme in anthocyanin synthesis pathway in Lamiidae plants.[Method]Based on DFR amino acid and cDNA sequences released by NCBI,molecular evolution of DFR gene was analyzed with bioinformatic software.[Result]Seventeen plants fell into two major branches,Lamiidae and Liliidae.Most of the plants within a same family cluster assembled together,which basically accords with the morphological development of species.Prediction results based on selection pressure using MEGA,DNAsp and PAML software showed that DFR gene in Lamiidae plants underwent strong purifying selection pressure.[Conclusion]Our results laid basis for analyzing the molecular mechanism of enzymatic characteristics of DFR and of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.展开更多
The application of indium requires high purity indium as material.5N high purity indium had been prepared by the method of acombination of chemically smelting and electrolysis. Smelting timewas 10 min, the abstraction...The application of indium requires high purity indium as material.5N high purity indium had been prepared by the method of acombination of chemically smelting and electrolysis. Smelting timewas 10 min, the abstraction rate of cadmium was 80/100-90/100 whenused solution of I_2-KI and glycerine to smelt indium. 4N metalindium was used as anode, high purity indium as cathode, In-2(SO_4)_3-H_2SO_4 system as electrolyte, and In content is 100 g/L, pH2-3 and current density 80-100 a/m^2.展开更多
The paper relies on the language management model. First of all, the thousands of new words coined each year in China can be roughly divided into eight groups. Besides, it exemplifies the problems that have occurred i...The paper relies on the language management model. First of all, the thousands of new words coined each year in China can be roughly divided into eight groups. Besides, it exemplifies the problems that have occurred in communication. Last but not least, to reflect language management acts/processes, it reports the efforts the language authorities and governmental bodies have made in the struggle to solve the problems. It attempts to remind the language management agencies of the point that for the use of new words, the language users are always right as long as communication flows without problems in understanding.展开更多
Eight intact LTR retrotransposons （Nbr1-Nbr8） have been previously characterized from the genome of Nosema bombycis, a eu- karyotic parasite with a compact and reduced genome. Here we describe six novel transcribed ...Eight intact LTR retrotransposons （Nbr1-Nbr8） have been previously characterized from the genome of Nosema bombycis, a eu- karyotic parasite with a compact and reduced genome. Here we describe six novel transcribed Nbr elements （Nbr9-Nbr14） identified through either cDNA library or RT-PCR. Like previously determined ones, all of them belong to the Ty3/Gypsy superfamily. Retrotransposon diversity and incomplete domains with insertions （Nbr12）, deletions （Nbrll） and in-frame stop codons in coding regions （Nbr9） were detected, suggesting that both defective and loss events of LTR retrotransposon have happened in N. bornbycis genome. Analysis of selection showed that strong purifying selection acts on all elements except Nbr11. This implies that selective pressure keeps both these Nbrs and their functions in genome. Interestingly, Nbrll is under positive selection and some positively selected codons were identified, indicating that new functionality might have evolved in the Nbrll retrotransposon. Unlike other transposable elements, Nbrll has integrated into a conserved syntenic block and probably resulted in the inversion of both flanking regions. This demonstrates that transposable element is an important factor for the reshuffling and evolution of their host genomes, and may be maintained under natural selection.展开更多
文摘To solve the problem that utilizing an air rower lowers indoor air quality due to the dust stirred up in the course of rowing, an air rower is designed to have the extra function of air purifying. The designed rower is composed of six parts, which are the frame, air generator, transmission part, air purifying filter cartridge, performance monitor, and electric motor. To fulfill the task, the filter cartridge is vertically arranged to lead the air to enter from the lower part and vent out of the upper part to filter and purify the air before it enters the generator so as that the indoor air is well circulated to improve the air purification effect when the rower is utilizing. The modular detachable design allows the air filter and electric motor to be installed and disassembled to adapt to different air purification needs. The designed rower has the benefit of lower purchasing cost and energy saving that may motivate exercising, bringing more fun and the sense of accomplishment.
基金financial support from the NSFC project(21501052 and 91622119)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M570304)+2 种基金Special Funding for Postdoctoral of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-TZ06019)the Science Foundation for Excellent Youth of Harbin City of China(2016RQQXJ099)UNPYSCT-2016173
文摘It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposites for purifying simulative industrial dye wastewater. It is found that the structure of the prepared BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposite is related to the natural structure of the biscuit, annealing temperatures and immersing times, demonstrated by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and adsorptive activities. Kinetics data shows that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to the dye is rapid and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, that more than 80% of dyes can be removed in the beginning 30 min. The adsorption isotherm can be perfectly described by the Langmuir model as well. It can be seen from the adsorption data that the adsorption performance can reach over 90% at pH ? 2–12, which can imply its universal utilization. The prepared BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites have also displayed excellent capacities(over 90% within 30 min) for adsorption of seven different dyes and their mixed one. According to the five times photocatalytic reproducible experiments, it is proved that BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites show the excellent stability and reproduction for purifying simulative industrial dyes, even the sample have been placed for one year. These research results indicate that the adsorbent BiFeO_3/Carbon can be a suitable material used in treating industrial dye wastewater potentially.
文摘The mechanical properties of metal yttrium such as strength, plasticity, hardness and elasticity were introduced . The purifying techniques of yttrium were discussed in detail. The processing methods for metal yttrium including extruding, forging, rolling, wiredrawing and welding were also introduced. Finally, the potential use of yttrium and its alloys were prospected.
文摘Exhaust gas in molding shop was complicated in component and characteristicin low thickness asphalt smoke,mass steam-gas and dust.It was difficult to purify the sootwith common purifier.So we must consider them roundly and develop new multifunctionpurifier.PFP multifunction soot purifier was made on the base of design optimization andwas installed at Shenhuo Coking Factory in 2004.The combined effects of multi-mecha-nism in purifier make purifying ratio keep in high level.The remove ratio of smut reachesat 92.8%,and asphalt smoke at 83.7%.
文摘We propose a scheme for purification of a general mixed entangled state. In this scheme, we start from a large number of general mixed entangled states and end up, after local operation and classical communication, with a smaller number of Bell diagonal states with higher entanglement. In particular, the scheme can purify one maximally entangled state from two entangled pairs prepared in a class of mixed entangled state. Furthermore we propose a linear optical implementation of the present scheme with polarization beam splitters and photon detectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701577).
文摘Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed our ability to assess the taxonomic composition functions of host-associated microbiota and microbiomes. More human microbiome research projects—particularly those that explore genomic mutations within the microbiome—will be launched in the next decade. This review focuses on the coevolution of microbes within a microbiome, which shapes strain-level diversity both within and between host species. We also explore the correlation between microbial genomic mutations and common metabolic diseases, and the adaptive evolution of pathogens and probiotics during invasion and colonization. Finally, we discuss advances in methods and algorithms for annotating and analyzing microbial genomic mutations.
文摘This article discusses the purifying method of the clayey diatomite or clay ——bearing diatotnite minerals found in China. And the processes of acidizing, beneficiation and gravitational fluidized dry sepa-ration are reviewed.
文摘The distribution of the magnetic flux density in the magnetic field generator which provided travelling magnetic field was determined. The experiments using liquid gallium and aluminum silicon alloy to observe the turbulent flow or remove inclusions were performed to obtain the basic principles how the distribution of the magnetic flux density took effect on removing inclusions from molten metal by electromagnetic field. The suitable area in the field for purifying metal was suggested.
文摘The welding fume has significant effects on the weld workers＇ health. In order to overwhelm the shortcomings of the control measures of the welding fume, the research of the purifying of welding fume on the spot was carried out. The purifying device was designed. The relationship between the corona discharge voltage and the purifying efficiency was investigated through experiments with different needle electrode numbers, different ring electrode numbers and different needle-plate distances. The results show that 5-needle double-ring electrode has the best efficiency; the purifying efficiency is increase with the lessening of the needle-plate distance and the increase of the discharge voltage. Using 5-needle double-ring electrode, the purifying efficiency reaches its maximum value 97.9% while the needle-plate distance is 6 cm, the discharge voltage is -35 kV. The purifying device has an excellent purifying effect on the welding fume.
文摘With the rapid development of the society, the familial pollution of the gas, industrial waste gas and so on made the air pollution is more and more serious. The improvement of living standard, people become more and more concerned about the quality of the air. However, the related testing and purify device are very few. Under this condition, small range of mobile air purification equipment's application has good prospects. This paper introduced the testing of air quality, the composition of test parameters equipment, its working principle and hardware circuit and software design process. In the system, for the core to STC12C5A60S2, which through DHT21 to test the environment temperature, humidity test and use DSM501A detect the content of particle. What's more, use QS-01 to measure the air pollutants content and show on NOKIA5110 liquid crystal in real time. After the test results show that the system runs stability, have certain effect to air purification and fit for indoor or out of air purification.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.31520103903 to Y.-H.Sun and J.Hoglund)the Biodiversity Conservation Project of the Second Forest and Grass Ecosystem Recovery(Grant No.QHTX-2021-016).
文摘Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation programs.Elevated levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and conservation.We used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify both.We found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(T.bonasia).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel Grouse.Individuals from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of birds.Hazel Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding levels.Comparisons of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel Grouse.These results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel Grouse.However,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.
文摘This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.
文摘The application potential of cellulosic materials in natural composites and other fields needs to be explored to develop innovative, sustainable, lightweight, functional biomass materials that are also environmentally friendly. This study investigated Typha angustifolia (Typha sp.) as a potential new raw material for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) for application in wastewater treatment composites. Alkaline treatments and bleaching were used to remove cellulose from the stem fibres. The CNCs were then isolated from the recovered cellulose using acid hydrolysis. The study showed a few distinct functional groups (O-H, -C-H, =C-H and C-O, and C-O-C) in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the smooth surface of CPC and CNCs, which resulted from removing lignin and hemicellulose from powdered Typha angustifolia. Based on the crystalline index, the powdered Typha angustifolia, CPC, and CNCs were 42.86%, 66.94% and 77.41%. The loss of the amorphous section of the Typha sp. fibre resulted in a decrease in particle size. It may be inferred from the features of a Typha sp. CNC that CNCs may be employed as reinforcement in composites for wastewater treatment.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWJTU09BR208)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular evolutionary characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase（DFR）—a key enzyme in anthocyanin synthesis pathway in Lamiidae plants.[Method]Based on DFR amino acid and cDNA sequences released by NCBI,molecular evolution of DFR gene was analyzed with bioinformatic software.[Result]Seventeen plants fell into two major branches,Lamiidae and Liliidae.Most of the plants within a same family cluster assembled together,which basically accords with the morphological development of species.Prediction results based on selection pressure using MEGA,DNAsp and PAML software showed that DFR gene in Lamiidae plants underwent strong purifying selection pressure.[Conclusion]Our results laid basis for analyzing the molecular mechanism of enzymatic characteristics of DFR and of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.
基金This project is financially supported by Chinese Key Project of Science and Technology (No.96-119-04-01)
文摘The application of indium requires high purity indium as material.5N high purity indium had been prepared by the method of acombination of chemically smelting and electrolysis. Smelting timewas 10 min, the abstraction rate of cadmium was 80/100-90/100 whenused solution of I_2-KI and glycerine to smelt indium. 4N metalindium was used as anode, high purity indium as cathode, In-2(SO_4)_3-H_2SO_4 system as electrolyte, and In content is 100 g/L, pH2-3 and current density 80-100 a/m^2.
文摘The paper relies on the language management model. First of all, the thousands of new words coined each year in China can be roughly divided into eight groups. Besides, it exemplifies the problems that have occurred in communication. Last but not least, to reflect language management acts/processes, it reports the efforts the language authorities and governmental bodies have made in the struggle to solve the problems. It attempts to remind the language management agencies of the point that for the use of new words, the language users are always right as long as communication flows without problems in understanding.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB121000)the project of Chongqing Science & Technology Commission(CSTC,No.2006AA5019 and 2009BB1241)+1 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.B07045)State Development Fund at Risk of Callus Silk(No.M012005-000Y-00070)
文摘Eight intact LTR retrotransposons （Nbr1-Nbr8） have been previously characterized from the genome of Nosema bombycis, a eu- karyotic parasite with a compact and reduced genome. Here we describe six novel transcribed Nbr elements （Nbr9-Nbr14） identified through either cDNA library or RT-PCR. Like previously determined ones, all of them belong to the Ty3/Gypsy superfamily. Retrotransposon diversity and incomplete domains with insertions （Nbr12）, deletions （Nbrll） and in-frame stop codons in coding regions （Nbr9） were detected, suggesting that both defective and loss events of LTR retrotransposon have happened in N. bornbycis genome. Analysis of selection showed that strong purifying selection acts on all elements except Nbr11. This implies that selective pressure keeps both these Nbrs and their functions in genome. Interestingly, Nbrll is under positive selection and some positively selected codons were identified, indicating that new functionality might have evolved in the Nbrll retrotransposon. Unlike other transposable elements, Nbrll has integrated into a conserved syntenic block and probably resulted in the inversion of both flanking regions. This demonstrates that transposable element is an important factor for the reshuffling and evolution of their host genomes, and may be maintained under natural selection.
